We continue to understand modern technologies and characteristics of TVs. AT we talked about characteristics such as screen type, diagonal and resolution. Now we will consider no less important characteristics of TVs: matrix response time, contrast, brightness, viewing angles.
Parameter matrix response time began to gain importance with the advent of televisions, the screen of which is a matrix. When choosing a plasma TV, you can ignore this indicator. Response time is measured in milliseconds (ms) and expresses the time it takes for a pixel to transition from one state to another (for example, going from white to black and then back to white). The average response time of LCD screens is between 2 and 10 ms.
The response time of the LCD / LED-screen matrix becomes important when viewing dynamic scenes. Televisions with a long response time give out in such cases a "blurred" picture: trails of residual glow are formed behind fast-moving objects. To ensure that the shopping experience does not spoil, select the response time according to the purpose of using your TV. For watching movies, broadcasts, a screen with a response time of 8-10 ms is suitable, but if you plan to connect a computer, limit yourself to a value of up to 5 ms.
CONTRAST
Under contrast It is customary to understand the ratio of the brightness of the light area of the TV screen to the dark area. For example, a value of 10,000:1 means that white areas are 10,000 times brighter than dark areas. The level of contrast is determined by how saturated dark colors appear and how bright white colors appear. The higher the contrast, the more details and hues can be seen on the screen.
For high-quality video playback in HD-format, the matrix's own (static) contrast is not enough, so manufacturers have come up with a technology that allows you to increase this figure. Modern televisions automatically adjust screen brightness based on analysis of the content in the frame. For low light scenes, less backlight is emitted, giving more depth to dark colors; light frames, on the contrary, become brighter.
This is where the concept comes from dynamic contrast, i.e. contrast measured with automatic brightness adjustments. The LED backlight of the matrix has significantly increased the contrast, so LED TVs are distinguished by a clear and deep image (unlike conventional LCDs).
BRIGHTNESS
In order for the eyes to be comfortable watching TV in any light (natural or artificial), the TV should have high brightness. Otherwise, watching TV will result in excessive eye strain and lead to fatigue.
The brightness index is measured in luminous intensity per sq.m. (cd / m 2). Plasmas have the highest brightness, this is obvious, because the technology of plasma TVs itself involves the self-luminescence of screen elements. LCD matrices have not yet reached such brightness indicators, because. a stream of light coming from lamps or LED-backlights must overcome a layer of not completely transparent liquid crystals.
Typically, the brightness value of LCD and LED TVs is in the range of 300-600 cd/m2, while the brightness of a plasma TV is 1000 cd/m2 and higher. But do not rush to conclusions! Too high brightness entails a loss of contrast (however, some unscrupulous manufacturers, for obvious reasons, prefer not to mention this). There must be a golden mean in everything.
To make it easier for you to find the optimal combination of contrast and brightness, start from the following data:
- budget TV - brightness from 300 cd / m 2, contrast from 1000: 1;
- mid-range TV - brightness from 400 cd / m 2 , contrast ratio from 5000:1;
- expensive TV model - brightness from 600 cd / m 2 , contrast ratio from 20,000:1.
And yet, too much brightness does not happen, especially since it can be easily adjusted. The only rule to follow is not to install your TV in front of the windows, otherwise the sunlight will spoil the whole impression.
VIEWING ANGLES
Viewing angle - this is the angle to the screen plane, when viewed from which the image is visible without distortion. The characteristic has become relevant with the advent of digital TV. Possible image distortions are related to the very structure of the LCD matrix. The fact is that the backlight of the screen (lamps or LEDs) is at a very small, but still distance from the pixels of the matrix. Because of this, the light enters the "gap" between the pixels and the lamps, the area of dispersion is limited.
In practice, this is expressed in the fact that with an increase in the viewing angle, we notice a decrease in brightness and contrast, and the picture quality gradually deteriorates. We see the best image when we are perpendicular to the screen. Within +/- 60 o we observe an image of acceptable quality. Therefore, a distortion-free picture is available at a viewing angle of approximately 120 degrees.
Dear and thin TVs have a larger viewing angle (170-175 o). Budget models are characterized by values of about 160-170 o. There is a little trick here: correct installation you can easily avoid "inappropriate" corners! Therefore, it is important to think about where you are going to install the TV.
For "plasma" this characteristic not so important. A fundamentally different technology provides a large viewing angle (175-180 o).
When assembling a new computer, many people often first of all select a video card and processor, thinking about the monitor almost last. But the monitor is the thing that you have to look at almost always when you are sitting at the computer. It depends on the monitor how you see the graphics of games, what impression you get from it, and the fact that your vision depends on it is also important. Therefore, when buying gaming computer, it is worth allocating a budget for a monitor of the appropriate level in order to get your perfect assembly. In this article, we will analyze in detail the characteristics of a gaming monitor, taking into account the latest trends from manufacturers.
Digonal and resolution
The first thing you pay attention to when choosing a monitor is its diagonal. The range from 21 to 27 inches is optimal and common, it makes no sense to take less, more is possible, but only if you are ready for it. Above 27 inches, you'll have to twist your neck, and the price will be much higher. The average balanced size is considered to be 23-24 inches.
The initial resolution with which you can take the monitor is 1920×1080 (Full HD). An image with this resolution will look good at 21-24 inches. At large sizes monitor and FHD resolution, the picture will be blurry due to the lower pixel density. Therefore, when choosing a monitor from 25 inches or more, you need a higher resolution - 2560 × 1440 (Quad HD). Modern video cards quite ways to show good FPS in this resolution. And finally, the leader among resolutions is 3840 × 2160 (Ultra HD), which is also 4K. Taking a 4K monitor only makes sense if you have a suitable, very powerful computer. The price of such a monitor is correspondingly high, and the content is still not enough.
Matrix type
Another of the key characteristics of the monitor is its matrix. There are a lot of matrix types, but all follow from the following:
TN matrices are the oldest and cheapest. Taking a monitor with such is strictly prohibited. Cons: low color reproduction, small viewing angles, low maximum brightness. Of the pluses, only the shortest response time. But it's not worth taking such a monitor because of this, take care of your eyes. The only option is to put such a monitor second, third, if you already have it, but it's a pity to throw it away.
IPS-matrices - ideal in color reproduction, contrast and viewing angles - 178 degrees. used to have high time response, but now there is no such problem. Since the type of IPS-matrix has been constantly improved, various modifications have been produced. Latest type called AH-IPS, it has improved color reproduction, resolution and PPI, increased brightness and reduced power consumption, response time does not exceed 5-6 ms. It is this type of IPS that is worth taking.
MVA / VA matrices are middling between TN and IPS. Plus in comparison with IPS - excellent contrast ratio, plus in comparison with TN - good angles review. In addition, good color reproduction and the cost is lower than that of IPS. Of the minuses - big time response, which also grows rapidly as the difference between the final and initial states of the pixel decreases, so these monitors are not well suited for dynamic games.
Response time
Response time is measured in milliseconds and indicates how long it takes the monitor to change frames. The parameter directly affects how many frames per second your monitor can display. Average for good monitors is 5 ms. A higher value is fraught with the fact that the image will be blurry and leave a trail of moving objects in dynamic games. It is ideal to take a monitor with an even lower response time - 1-2 ms.
Backlight brightness and contrast
Brightness is measured in candela and represents the amount of light emitted from a completely white monitor screen. The optimal value for a gaming monitor is 250-300 cd / m2.
Monitor contrast can be static or dynamic. Static displays the ratio of the brightness of the darkest and brightest point on the screen. Optimal value- 1:1000. Dynamic contrast is marketing ploy, indicating the level of black at minimum backlight (the screen is completely off) to the level of white at maximum backlight (brightness at full). You can ignore this option.
Screen refresh rate + G-SYNC / FreeSync
The refresh rate refers to how many times per second the monitor completely redraws and displays an image. Thus, if you have a monitor with 60 Hz, then you will not be able to see more than 60 FPS on the monitor. The higher the refresh rate, the smoother the motion. But there is quite an opinion that not every person needs above 60 Hz, because only a sensitive person / e-sportsman can notice and feel more. If you have a powerful computer, then it makes sense to take a monitor with a frequency of 140 Hz.
Manufacturers NVIDIA graphics cards and AMD invented technologies for dynamically changing the refresh rate - G-Sync (NVIDIA) and FreeSync (AMD). These technologies allow you to change the refresh rate of the image on the monitor, depending on the frame rendering speed in computer games. Visually, this translates into a noticeable increase in the smoothness of movements at a rendering speed of 30 - 60 frames per second or even lower, which is typical for most modern games. They also get rid of the "tearing" that occurs when vsync is turned off.
Screen coverage
The glossy finish has better color reproduction and more saturated colors, but reflections and glare are clearly visible when working on it. Matte screen features an anti-reflective coating, in which you will not see the reflection and the sun shining on the monitor screen. Therefore, when choosing a monitor, evaluate where it will stand, if the sun does not shine on your monitor, then it makes sense to save money and take it with a glossy finish, otherwise we recommend a matte finish.
Framework
Yes Yes. Framework. They are not one of the main characteristics of the monitor, but they make an important contribution to the overall aesthetics. When choosing a monitor, take a closer look at frameless options. The absence of thick panels on three sides of the image (top and sides, almost always put a frame on the bottom) looks very nice and modern.
Conclusion
We hope that this manual helped you choose the perfect gaming monitor for you. Before buying such a thing that will always be in front of your eyes, we recommend that you carefully study all the characteristics of the monitor that you like. Look at the reviews on it, read the reviews of people who have already purchased such a monitor. Pay attention to the manufacturer - we recommend making a choice in favor of one of the proven brands.
Modern technology is developing rapidly. New models of TVs appear regularly, offering ever higher picture quality. The concept of “high-definition television” has emerged and is firmly rooted, raising the bar for impressions on new level. The transition to all-digital broadcasting is not far off, which will provide excellent detail of transmissions and will allow you to forget about interference. Therefore, it is quite natural that the question arises of replacing the home screen or buying an additional one.
There are more than 120 manufacturers and several thousand TV models in the world. Each company seeks to attract the buyer with new proprietary technologies and developments, which, in order to make the right choice, you need to understand. The purpose of this article is to help you choose a TV.
Screen type
First of all, you need to decide for what purpose the TV is being bought: will you watch news or on-air programs, DVD or Blu-Ray movies, will you put it in the kitchen or in the bedroom. After all, a screen suitable for receiving a satellite signal in the living room and a TV for watching movie discs are not at all the same thing. The living room usually concentrates most of the components of a home media system: a DVD or Blu-Ray disc player, surround sound speakers, satellite receiver and other. TV in the kitchen usually works for the background, in the bedroom it is needed to receive over-the-air cable and satellite TV broadcasts, disc views. It no longer requires powerful sound and the connection of additional devices. If you need a TV for a nursery, consider the possibility of connecting game consoles, a camera or a camcorder to it. When this issue is resolved, you can begin to deal with the characteristics of TV.
So, to begin with, you must decide on the type of screen.
The following types of TVs are on the market today:
Liquid crystal (LCD, LCD);
LED (LED);
Plasma.
All of them have their advantages and disadvantages - let's consider them in more detail.
LCD TV
LCD technology (eng. LCD - Liquid Crystal Display, "liquid crystal display") is by far the most common. The LCD screen is a matrix of many dots-elements called pixels. Each pixel is made up of three "sub-pixels" of red, green, and blue. Liquid crystals inside the elements are able to change their position in space under the influence of an electric field, passing or blocking light from backlight lamps installed behind the matrix. When all three sub-pixels are fully transparent, the cell is white, and when opaque, it is black. Halftones and shades are obtained by mixing the primary colors in the right proportion. Thus, with the help of a special microcircuit, it is possible to control the transparency of each pixel and form an image.
A design feature of LCD technology is the need for light to "overcome" a layer of liquid crystals, the transparency of which is not ideal. Therefore, to obtain sufficient brightness of the picture, it is necessary to install powerful lamps, which increases the price and power consumption of the device. The elements are not able to perfectly block the flow of light - the black color on the LCD TV screen is not actually completely black.
Among the shortcomings, it is also necessary to note the distortion of colors and the loss of contrast, since the viewing angle of the LCD is not so wide. Because of this feature, LCD TVs could not gain popularity for a long time, but now, thanks to the efforts of developers, distortions have become almost imperceptible.
The advantages of LCD TVs include a wide range of models with different indicators of brightness (from 250 to 1500 cd / m2) and contrast (from 500:1 to 5,000,000:1). Thanks to this, the buyer can purchase a device that optimally combines the required image quality and affordable price. In addition, LCD TVs are lightweight and thin, so they can be placed on the wall. But the greatest merit of liquid crystal technology is its mass character. Due to large-scale production, prices for LCD TVs are now lower than for other similar devices.
Also, LCD TVs have gained popularity for their versatility. LED TVs provide comfortable viewing in almost any environment, so they are suitable for most rooms. In terms of contrast and color reproduction, expensive LCD models can “argue” with plasmas, which allows them to take their rightful place, for example, in a “Hi-End” class living room.
LED TV
The difference between an LED TV (English LED - Light Emitting Diode, “light emitting diode”) and a liquid crystal TV is only in the matrix backlight technology: LEDs are used instead of fluorescent lamps, due to which LED TVs have a number of advantages over LCD.
The LED TV is capable of displaying more colors than the "tube" LCD, so the picture looks more natural. The use of LEDs made it possible to reduce the thickness of the screen and reduce power consumption by up to 40% compared to LCD. The brightness and contrast characteristics have also been significantly improved.
The disadvantage of this technology can only be called its relative high cost. However, the advantages of LED TVs suggest that over time they will become leaders in this market.
Since LED TVs are based on liquid crystal technology, they are as versatile as LCDs. But thanks to their virtues, led tv will be more preferable than LCD when it comes to your living room.
Plasma TV
The screen of a plasma TV is also a matrix of small elements, but this technology is implemented in sealed cells filled with gas - neon or xenon. If, using special transparent electrodes, apply to the cell electrical voltage, then the gas inside it goes into a plasma state and begins to emit ultraviolet light. The rays hit a layer of phosphor deposited on the cell wall, which, depending on the composition, emits red, green, or blue light. The higher the applied voltage level, the more intensely the cell glows. Various shades of color are obtained by mixing the three primary colors. By controlling the voltage applied to the cells, the electronic module forms an image on the plasma screen.
Thus, according to the principle of operation, the cells are like lamps. daylight, that is, they have the property of self-luminescence, so a plasma TV has some advantages over LCD and LED.
Plasma TVs provide excellent picture contrast and are about 3 times brighter than most LCD and LED screens. After all, a pixel is not active state does not emit anything - it is really black, and the light emitted by it in the active state has a fairly high intensity. The use of a phosphor makes the colors bright and saturated. Plasma TVs, compared to LCD and LED, have a very fast response time.
Plasma technology has a number of specific design problems. The main one is the problem of the minimum cell size. It is quite difficult to create a cell of small size - a glass flask with electrodes actually filled with gas - is quite difficult. Therefore, the development path of this technology runs counter to the development of other “matrix” visualization technologies: diagonal screens of plasma TVs have only recently reached 32 inches, while plasma screens of large diagonals (over 50 inches) have been around for quite some time.
The availability of only models with large diagonals of screens, made plasma TVs a familiar choice for consumers looking for the ultimate movie viewing experience in bright, rich color.
The main characteristics of the TV:
Screen diagonal;
Permission.
Advanced TV options:
Matrix response time;
Contrast;
Brightness;
Viewing angles;
interfaces;
Additional functions.
Screen diagonal
The diagonal of the screen can be considered a fundamental characteristic of the TV. It directly affects its dimensions, weight and price. Properly selected screen diagonal largely determines the comfort and impressions received from viewing, therefore, it deserves the closest attention when choosing.
Traditionally, the size of the diagonal of the screen is measured in inches and is indicated, for example, as follows: 32”. It is easy to convert it into centimeters: 1 inch = 2.54 cm.
In order for viewing to be comfortable, the diagonal of the TV screen must necessarily correspond to the size of the room in which it is planned to put it. The most common in the domestic market are screens ranging in size from 26 to 42 inches. For a TV in the living room, a large screen diagonal is very important, since the whole family or a group of guests can gather in this room at the same time, and each of those present should perceive the image clearly, without causing eye strain and fatigue. There can be many layout options, but in most cases, a TV with a screen diagonal of 32” or more will be optimal for the living room.
For the kitchen and bedroom, it is better to choose a smaller TV, because the area of \u200b\u200bthese rooms is usually inferior to the living room area. Studies show that the optimal diagonal of a TV screen should be about 3 times less than the distance at which it is supposed to be watched. If the TV is too large for a particular room, the image on the screen will not be perceived as complete. Some “graininess” of the picture and jagged boundaries between objects may be noticeable. This is especially true for models with a plasma screen: when viewed at too short a distance, the image tends to "break up", that is, individual pixels become visible. Therefore, for the kitchen, we recommend choosing a TV with a screen diagonal of 20-26 inches, for the bedroom it can be a little more - up to 32".
Most models with a screen diagonal of 15-21” have a D-Sub input (sometimes also called “VGA”) or a DVI port, which allows you to connect the TV to a computer as a monitor.
Permission
Be sure to pay attention to the screen resolution. This characteristic is responsible for the quality and detail of the image.
The screen of any liquid crystal, LED or plasma TV consists of cells called pixels, the total number of which is called the screen resolution (English "resolution"). It is expressed as two numbers, the first of which indicates the number of pixels horizontally, and the second - vertically, for example, 1920x1080. The high resolution of the screen allows the TV to display a clear picture with a lot of detail and straight lines no step effect.
A TV with a screen diagonal of 42 "and a resolution of 1920x1080 will show a clearer picture than one with a resolution of 1366x768 with the same diagonal. The fact is that having more pixels on the same screen area means a smaller size of each of them.
To date, the best image quality available to the general public is provided by relatively new standard digital television - HDTV or high definition television (HDTV).
HDTV (High-Definition TeleVision) is a set of high-quality television broadcasting standards that includes requirements for the format, resolution and image formation method, as well as sound quality.
High definition standard formats:
720p: 1280×720 resolution, progressive scan;
1080i: 1920x1080 resolution, interlaced;
1080p: 1920×1080 resolution, progressive scan.
The sweep, denoted with Latin letters"i" and "p" are the way the frame is displayed on the screen. Unlike interlacing (eng. "Interlacing Scan"), progressive scanning (eng. "Progressive Scan") provides better image quality, that is, it completely eliminates the "comb" effect on the boundaries of objects moving horizontally, as well as jitter of a still picture (for example , in pause mode). To work using progressive scan, the TV requires a more powerful and expensive processor, but support for this mode is mandatory for a modern HDTV screen.
High-definition television standards are developed by the European Association of Information and communication technologies and consumer electronics» (EICTA). To facilitate the identification of models, this organization has also published requirements for technical parameters devices capable of processing high-definition signals Special markings have also been approved.
Models that satisfy minimum requirements HDTVs are labeled "HD-Ready", which literally means "ready for HDTV". That is, a TV with a “HD-Ready” sticker is necessarily equipped with:
A screen with a resolution of at least 1280x720 pixels;
At least one input capable of receiving HD signal in 720p and 1080i formats. This can be an analog component input YPbPr1, or digital DVI or HDMI;
At least one DVI or HDMI digital input that supports HDCP content protection technology.
The most common resolution for HD-Ready TVs is 1366x768 pixels. Such models are forced to interpolate a 1080i signal, reducing its resolution.
“Full HD” is a TV set that can display 1080p images and must be equipped with at least one HDMI input for receiving a high-definition signal. Modern Screen Full HD TV always has a resolution of 1920x1080.
The HDTV screen is always widescreen, that is, it has an aspect ratio of 16:9. This format covers up to 70% of the field of view of the human eye, which allows the viewer to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of the film, which enhances the viewing experience.
Russian terrestrial analogue TV broadcasting has a resolution of 720x576 pixels with an aspect ratio of 4:3. Video from a standard DVD usually plays in 720x480 (16:9) resolution. A natural question arises - will the new TV be able to receive a signal from "non-HDTV" sources, and how will this affect image quality?
Yes, an HDTV is capable of receiving and displaying a standard definition signal. In this case, an image with an aspect ratio of 4:3 can be displayed on wide screen in two ways: with black stripes along the edges of the picture, or by a little cropping at the top and bottom. Some TV models have a special processing unit that cleans the analog signal from interference, increases the resolution using interpolation, applies digital algorithms smoothing, thus improving the picture to HDTV standards. However, one should not expect "miracles" from such transformations. A high-definition signal is required to obtain a high-quality image.
Unfortunately, there is no ubiquitous high-definition television broadcasting in Russia. This requires the modernization of a large number of television stations and the transition to fully digital television broadcasting, which is planned for 2015. Therefore, a high-definition signal source on this moment can only serve Blu-ray discs, satellite or cable TV, gaming consoles. However, in some parts of the country digital broadcasting cable TV networks are already being launched, appearing and developing.
Matrix response time
The concept of "response time" was not applied to kinescope televisions, since the duration of the afterglow of the phosphor was quite short. But with the advent of "matrix" screens, this parameter has become of great importance.
Matrix response time is the average time it takes for a screen matrix element to change from one state to another. Too long response time can be expressed in the appearance of "tails" of the residual glow behind fast-moving objects.
Usually, the time it takes for a pixel to go from white to black and then back is measured. But some manufacturers measure the response time according to the so-called “GtG” scheme (English “Grey-to-Grey”, “from-gray-to-gray”). The response time is expressed in milliseconds (ms). Its typical values, for example for LCD matrices, are in the range from 2 to 10 ms.
While watching dynamic scenes in films, such as chases or fights, the short response time will not allow the picture to “blur”. For comfortable watching movies and shows, a screen with a response time of up to 8-10 ms is enough, but if you plan to connect a TV to a computer, you should limit your choice to models with a response time of less than 5 ms. Response time can be ignored if you buy plasma. In this case, its value is invariably small.
Contrast
Another characteristic of a TV screen that affects viewing comfort is image contrast, which is the ratio of the brightness of the lightest area to the darkest. That is, the brighter the matrix displays white color, and the deeper, more saturated - black, the higher the level of screen contrast. So, for example, at a contrast ratio of 1000:1, white areas are 1000 times brighter than black ones. High contrast allows you to distinguish more shades of colors and details of the picture.
But its own, "constructive" (it is also called static) contrast ratio of even expensive LCD matrices is still insufficient, especially when playing HD video, where the requirements for image quality are very high.
To increase the visible contrast, manufacturers have come up with a fairly effective and, at the same time, inexpensive solution. A modern TV analyzes the content of each frame and automatically adjusts the brightness of the screen. Thus, in low light scenes, the backlight emits less light, making dark colors deeper, and in bright shots it becomes brighter, enhancing the white color.
The contrast measured using this automatic backlight brightness adjustment is referred to as dynamic contrast (Dynamic Contrast, DC). Its values for expensive models can reach 5,000,000:1, while dynamic contrast ratios of about 10,000:1 provide acceptable image quality.
The use of LED backlighting for LCD TV matrices has made it possible to significantly increase the contrast, so the image on the LED TV screen looks deeper and clearer than on a conventional LCD.
Brightness
The high brightness of the screen allows you to comfortably watch TV in conditions of external, natural or artificial lighting. An image with low brightness is difficult to perceive and leads to excessive eye strain.
The brightness of a TV screen is expressed in luminous intensity per unit area and is measured in cd/m2 (read as "candela per square meter").
Currently, the most expensive models of LCD TVs are already almost equal in brightness to plasma, which always win in this parameter due to the self-luminescence of the screen elements. But most of the LCD matrices are still inferior to them, since the flow of light from lamps or LEDs has to overcome a layer of liquid crystals, the transparency of which is not absolute. Typical brightness values for LCD and LED TVs range from 300 to 600 cd/m2, while for plasmas it easily reaches 1500 cd/m2.
However, brightness is not the only important characteristic TV, as some manufacturers are trying to teach it. The fact is that with an increase in the brightness of the image, its contrast decreases, and the colors become dull and inconspicuous, despite the claimed "large color gamut". Therefore, high screen brightness should always be combined with sufficient contrast.
Based practical experience, we can formulate several recommendations for choosing the optimal ratio of brightness and contrast. Yes, for budget model TV with a brightness of 300 cd/m2 should have a contrast ratio of at least 1000:1. In the middle segment, we recommend choosing a screen with a brightness of 400-500 cd / m2 with a contrast ratio of about 5000-10000: 1, and for the high-end class - already from 600 cd / m2 and at least 20,000: 1.
An excess supply of brightness will not be superfluous, especially since it can always be adjusted within a fairly wide range. And of course, not every TV can “compete” in brightness with direct sunlight, so you should avoid installing it in front of windows.
Viewing angles
The maximum viewing angle is another TV characteristic that has appeared with the advent of digital screens. It indicates the maximum angle to the plane of the TV screen, when viewed from which the image is perceived without distortion.
To figure out where the distortions come from, you need to carefully study the device of the screen matrix - this effect is due to its very structure.
The liquid crystal matrix is a multilayer surface and is a very thin structure. The pixels are optically isolated from each other by polarizing filters, and the backlight lamps or LEDs are located at a very small, but still non-zero distance from them. And so the light, passing through the cells, enters a kind of "well", which limits the area of its dispersion.
A larger viewing angle is provided by a thinner, and therefore more expensive, matrix. Most LCD TVs have a viewing angle of 170 degrees, and flagships model ranges- 175-178 degrees.
Distortion manifests itself as a change in colors on the screen and a decrease in the apparent brightness and contrast of the image. As the viewing angle increases, the observer sees not a sharp drop in image quality, but its gradual deterioration. The best result is achieved when looking perpendicular to the screen, and in the range of approximately -60 to +60 degrees, distortion remains subtle. Thus, optimal angle TV viewing is about 120 degrees.
Budget models tend to have viewing angles of around 160-170 degrees. But with the correct installation of such a model, viewing from an “inappropriate” angle will be impossible, and you simply will not be able to notice distortions, while saving a lot. good option there will be, for example, the installation of such a TV at the end (short) wall is not too large room. In order to avoid discomfort associated with an incorrectly chosen viewing angle, it is necessary to consider the installation location of the TV.
At plasma panels the problem with viewing angles is not so acute, thanks to the features of this technology. The fact is that visible light is emitted by a layer of phosphor, which is much closer to the outer surface of the screen than lamps or backlight LEDs in LCD and LED screens. Therefore, almost all plasma TVs provide a maximum viewing angle of about 175-178 degrees.
Interfaces
TV interfaces allow you to connect other devices to it: DVD and Blu-Ray players and VCRs, game consoles, digital photo and video cameras, surround sound speakers, laptops and other attributes of the modern "digital home".
The list of possible interfaces is quite wide:
Composite (AV). It was widely distributed in the era of CRT TVs, but the quality it offers does not meet today's requirements. Therefore, TVs are equipped with a composite input for compatibility with older devices. It is usually presented in the form of three RCA ("tulip") connectors, one of which, as a rule, yellow, is used to transmit video, and the other two are used to transmit stereo sound.
Component. An analog interface that implements the transmission of a video signal in the form of three image components. This eliminates the need to mix the signal at the source and then separate it at the receiver, which provides a better picture quality compared to the composite input. However, it is inferior to digital connections, and TVs are equipped with component video and audio outputs for compatibility with older devices. Switching is carried out using RCA connectors ("tulip"). Does not transmit sound.
scart. Combined multi-pin interface for analog transmission(input and output) of image and sound over a cable up to 15 meters long. It is a standard for devices intended for sale on the European market. In terms of video signal transmission quality, it is at the level of the component interface, but some TV models also allow two-way exchange of digital commands via SCART, for example, synchronizing the start of a TV and a VCR. Let's combine with composite and component interfaces by means of adapters like SCART-"tulip".
SCART-RGB. This designation is sometimes used to identify a SCART interface that supports RGB video transmission for better picture quality.
S video. An analog connector used to output images to a TV from a computer, laptop, video recorder, digital camera, and other devices. By choosing the appropriate adapter cable, for example, from S-Video to 4 "tulips" or from S-Video to SCART, you can connect a variety of image sources. Does not transmit sound.
D-Sub. A common standard analog video output used to connect computers to a TV. The signal transmitted through this interface is very sensitive to interference and electromagnetic interference, so the image quality depends on the quality of the cable used and its length, which can be up to 15 meters. Televisions equipped with D-Sub can usually be used as full computer monitors. Does not transmit sound.
DVI. Transmits a better picture than D-Sub by using digital format signal and lack of double digital-to-analog conversion. DVI-cable 4.5 meters long allows you to transfer an image with a resolution of 1920x1200, and a cable 15 meters long - up to 1280x1024 pixels. Does not transmit sound.
HDMI. a modern high-definition multimedia interface designed to transmit high-definition video (up to 2560x1440) and multi-channel audio over a single cable up to 5 meters long. Compatible with DVI, but mainly used for switching various household audio / video equipment, you can also connect a computer equipped with this interface to a TV via HDMI.
mini jack. The stereo jack used for audio output is often present on the front of the TV. In this case, it is intended for connecting headphones.
Coaxial audio output (BNC). Digital interface for sound transmission. Differs in high quality of a signal and the minimum level of hindrances. Used to transfer audio between a TV and a disc player or AV receiver, and to connect surround speakers.
Optical audio output (Toslink). Digital interface for surround sound transmission. Allows you to transmit a multi-channel signal without interference, thanks to the use of optical cable, which is not subject to electrical interference. Used to transfer audio between a TV and a disc player or AV receiver, and to connect surround speakers.
USB. Computer connector, which has become widespread in television technology. Used to read music and videos from flash drives. Usually located on the front of the TV, which allows you to quickly connect a "flash drive" for viewing. In the absence of digital TV broadcasting, the USB port can serve as a convenient source of HD signal.
As a rule, any TV is equipped with a large set of various connectors, but only expensive models can boast of having all existing interfaces, and, accordingly, versatility in connection.
When choosing a TV, you need to think in advance which devices you plan to connect it to, and make sure that the TV model you choose has the appropriate interfaces. In the set of ports, it is better to provide those that may come in handy in the future.
Recently, it has become very popular to connect devices via HDMI. In addition to high bandwidth, this interface is highly versatile, and therefore it is equipped with many components of a modern home media system. Preference should be given to TV models with as many HDMI ports as possible.
Tuners
Despite the possibility of connecting many signal sources, the reception of television programs remains an important task of the TV. Every TV has a built-in the electronic unit, responsible for receiving an over-the-air, satellite or cable television signal, which is called a tuner (English "tuner", literally, "tuner").
The TV may be equipped with more than one tuner. So, two tuners allow you to use the “picture-in-picture” (PIP) mode to display the image from two television channels at once. This can be useful, for example, if you are waiting for a broadcast to start while watching the news or music videos. Often, the manufacturer indicates support for the PIP mode in the characteristics of a TV that has only one tuner. In this case, this function will only work when connecting additional signal sources other than antenna: disc player, computer, camcorder, satellite receiver or others.
Tuners are of three types:
analog. So far, the most relevant type of tuner for the Russian buyer. Allows you to receive an analog TV signal from conventional antenna or cable TV networks;
digital. Capable of receiving digital television broadcasting. At the moment, it is practically not conducted anywhere in Russia, so the presence on TV digital tuner now can only be considered as a reserve for the future;
hybrid. Combines the capabilities of digital and analog tuners. There are a lot of TV sets on the market today. hybrid tuner, and the purchase of such a model can probably be considered the best option.
Sound
Built-in speaker system is present in almost any modern TV. When buying a TV screen for the living room, you usually have a home theater system connected, but if the target room is the kitchen or bedroom, you can also look at the device's own sound capabilities to save space.
Inexpensive TVs can only play mono audio and use one or two speakers. More advanced ones are equipped with a built-in stereo system, in which the number of speakers can be from two to eight. Some Russian broadcast TV channels broadcast in A2/NICAM stereo sound, and to fully receive such broadcasts, the tuner must also support this format.
The high output of the TV's built-in speaker system is important for creating sufficient sound power in large rooms. It is rational that TVs of small diagonals are equipped with acoustics with a power of 1-5 W, and large ones - 10-20 W or more. As a rule, the manufacturer selects it in such a way as to provide comfortable sound when the TV is installed in a room of a suitable size (see subsection “Screen Diagonal”).
When choosing a TV for the living room, you should pay attention to the presence of a Dolby Digital processor in it. It will allow the TV to independently decode the signal to play a multi-channel 5.1 audio track, and if there is a built-in amplifier, output it to an external acoustic system. Otherwise, you will need to connect another device equipped with a Dolby Digital decoder to enjoy surround sound.
Additional functions
Many modern TVs have a set of additional features in their arsenal, with the help of which manufacturers expand the functionality of products. It is rather difficult to give any specific recommendations here: your choice will most likely depend on how necessary and convenient this or that function seems to you.
Some Models Philips TVs are equipped with the "AmbiLight" function, which, with the help of additional multi-color lamps on the body, creates background lighting in the room. Its color is chosen depending on the color prevailing in the scene: for example, if there is a fire, the backlight will be orange-red. This allows you to enhance the impression of watching a movie and achieve a more complete immersion in its atmosphere.
Panasonic's Viera series TVs feature the VIERALink function, which makes it easy to combine multiple Panasonic devices such as a disc player, satellite and AV receiver into a single coordinated system and control it with just one remote control. Sony BraviaSync technology, used in Bravia series TVs, works in a similar way.
Below we give short list others additional features found in many TV models of different brands:
off/on timer. Allows you to set the TV to automatic switch on or turn off at a specific time. For example, the screen in the kitchen will turn on when you are going to work;
frequency 24 Hz (24p True Cinema). Films are initially shot at 24 frames per second. But when writing them to normal dvd the format requires a frame rate of 25 frames per second, which leads to a slight acceleration of the image during viewing. A TV that supports this feature is able to restore the original playback frame rate, provided that the disc player also supports it;
program guide (EPG). Electronic program gear with description. More convenient than its paper-newspaper version, but support for this function exists only for digital terrestrial or cable broadcasting;
child protection. Prevents children from turning on the TV in the absence of adults. Can also implement blocking individual TV channels;
teletext. Allows you to receive additional information on the TV screen, if such an opportunity is provided by local television broadcasting;
automatic adjustment volume. TV channels and recordings on discs may have different volume levels. This function automatically analyzes the sound volume of the source and adjusts it in accordance with the level selected by the user;
enter channel names. Allows you to easily identify channels using custom labels;
list of favorite channels. You can enter the channels that you would like to watch into it without wasting time switching programs one by one;
freeze frame (Time Shift). Allows you to "stop time" by pausing while watching a TV program. Naturally, its broadcast continues, but you will not miss anything, as the TV saves internal memory video that you can watch later.
Some TV models provide a choice of operating modes: standard, game, cinema and others. Switching to the appropriate mode allows you to automatically adjust the display settings so that they are optimally suited for the selected image type. For example, the game mode activates a special circuit to reduce the response time of the sensor and thereby eliminates the effect of blurring fast-moving objects, which is very important for games.
Buying a TV
Guided by the above recommendations and carefully analyzing the parameters, you can easily choose the TV that is most suitable for you. We hope that with the help of our tips you will be able to create a modern, high-tech, well-functioning media system in your home that will make your stay at home more fun and enjoyable.
In the modern world, the characteristics of TVs help to make the right choice when buying equipment. They can also help you set up your TV. Many mistakenly believe that price is the main criterion for evaluating products, but this is far from the case. If you look through all the racks with TVs, you can notice a significant difference in image quality. The consultant will turn on one TV to evaluate it and it will be difficult to find defects without comparing it with analogues. So, when buying any equipment, knowledge about key features. The article contains information about them.
It is one of the most important parameters of TVs. A margin of picture brightness is required for each type of screen. This criterion is responsible for comfortable viewing of your favorite movies in low or too strong light in the room.
It is recommended to select a TV with a value of 250-400 cd / m². This is the minimum limit that can provide decent quality. Brightness directly depends on the size of the diagonal of the screen. For example, for nineteen-inch devices, acceptable brightness is 250 cd/m², and for thirty-six inches, 500 cd/m². This is the standard minimum that should be adhered to.
To check the brightness, during video playback in medium light, you need to raise the indicator to the maximum, and then lower it to the minimum. If the technique is of good quality, then the picture will darken noticeably for the human eye. On the LCD, this effect cannot be seen. Most importantly, the brightness of the picture should not exceed the norm so that the eyes do not hurt while viewing. At maximum rate lightening should also be visible.
Viewing angles
This parameter was of greater importance several decades ago. In LCD TVs, the color reproduction quality is corrected by the image display angle, unlike Soviet kinescopes. In the first models of the LCD type, the possibility of viewing at an angle was not provided at all. Despite this, do not forget to check from all angles. In order to make sure of a large viewing angle, you need to move away from the screen and look at it. If you are satisfied with the quality, then you can buy the unit.
Manufacturers of modern TVs indicate this indicator in degrees. It is recommended to consider models with an angle of at least 175 degrees.
Pixels
It is worth considering the number of non-working pixels as a separate characteristic. These are image particles that cannot acquire the color required by the incoming message. In any screen, you can find these details. The developers allow the appearance of several non-working fragments. So, when choosing a TV, it is recommended to study in detail all its components and choose a model without dead pixels.
Connectivity
Technical characteristics of TVs are often quite high. But to take full advantage of the possibilities, you need to connect third-party devices. When choosing equipment, pay attention to the number of connectors and their location. To date, the most common plug-in devices are:
- blu ray player;
- video and camera;
- game console;
- a computer;
- USB flash drive;
- small cinema;
- antennas.
There are several types of connectors:
- scart;
- C-Video;
- component;
- tulip;
- HDMI;
At the moment, the last of the above are the most relevant.
Matrix response time
This parameter shows the time to change the location of the crystal in a point for a variety of color transmission. Modern liquid crystal models were able to achieve results in a few milliseconds. This characteristic is decisive for the LCD TV matrix board. The developers are trying to minimize this parameter as much as possible. Various manufacturers do not have a common definition of response time, so it is not uncommon for TVs with different indicators to demonstrate the same quality.
For example, to get a short board response time, manufacturers measure the time it takes for a pixel to transform from an open state to a closed state, that is, from black to white. This result ensures that a large voltage is applied to the pixel, therefore, the speed of changing the position of the crystals also increases. But when measuring the duration of the transition between the boundaries of black and white colors, this transition time is much longer, which happens when measuring in a store.
It is necessary not only to take into account passport data when choosing a TV, but also to check the image quality yourself. This indicator is recommended to be checked using a quick change of frames. If there are no trails behind the picture, then the response time is normal.
Screen resolution
It is necessary to compare TVs according to these characteristics. The parameter tells about the number of points that are used to create the viewed image on the screen. Permission is indicated in the passport as a ratio of two digits. The first indicates the number of pixels horizontally, and the second vertically. If we consider the screen in detail, we can disassemble the three points that are its components. The cost depends on the number of points. The more of them, the better the clarity and color reproduction.
In addition to the resolution of the TV screen, there is also the resolution of the external signal that enters the device. Therefore, it will be possible to fully appreciate the characteristics of the TV only when viewing high-quality video material.
For example, a TV with a resolution of 1920x1080 receives a television signal of 72x756 pixels. The result will be worse than the old kinescope TV. But if the signal is the same as the TV screen, then the output will be excellent clarity.
The 1920x1080 signal is called HDTV, aka Full HD. To play given permission, requires a Blu-ray player and suitable discs. There are also screens with a resolution of 1366x768, but today most of the models support 3840 by 2160.
TV Diagonal
To choose a good TV in terms of parameters and price, you need to focus on the diagonal of the screen. Its units of measurement are inches, it is contained in the technical data sheet of the device. The device name contains given number. Most often it is twenty-one, thirty-two or thirty-seven. You should choose based on the following factor. The distance at which you will view the device. The recommended distance is three or four display diagonals. But it should be remembered that the closer the viewer is to the TV, the brighter the image imperfections become. The distortion becomes less as the resolution increases. In other words, the higher the score given parameter, the closer viewing is allowed. But you should not look from such a distance that you have to turn your head.
Picture Contrast
This indicator shows how many units one part of the picture exceeds the other in contrast. On the data sheet, the contrast ratio is usually stated as 900:1. This demonstrates the ratio of white and black levels. To choose a good LCD TV, you should distinguish between two types of contrast:
- Dynamic. Varies according to the characteristics of the playback picture.
- Static. Corresponds to the parameter of the liquid crystal matrix. Indicates how much the lightest picture will be brighter than the darkest.
After reading this article, the average consumer will know what parameters to choose a TV and what is the determining factor when buying it.
Here were considered the main characteristics of TVs, which form its final cost. It is worth remembering that acquiring equipment based on only one indicator is stupid and impractical. Often TVs from different price categories have different numbers. They may be higher or lower. Only a comprehensive consideration of the parameters of the device will allow you to choose it for a long time.
It is also worth paying attention to the selection of a TV according to advanced parameters. If it is difficult to make a choice according to standard indicators, you can always pay attention to the details that betray the advantage of a particular model.
LCD monitors have replaced the already familiar CRT monitors. What is it connected with? First, with accessibility. Prices today have dropped to an impossibility. And what used to be chic is now the norm for completing the computer park of enterprises.
LCD monitors have replaced the already familiar CRT monitors. What is it connected with? First, with accessibility.
Prices today have dropped to an impossibility. And what used to be chic is now the norm for completing the computer park of enterprises. Think for yourself.
After all, two years ago, due to the price difference, we, without thinking for a long time (and despite the impressive dimensions) would have bought a monitor with a cathode ray tube. But the market is built in such a way that they began to produce more and buy less. And what do they do in such cases - reduce prices. Today, LCD monitors cost as much as CRTs.
The choice of LCD monitors today is huge (eyes run wide). But, as they say, "not all yogurts are created equal." And the monitor should be selected carefully and not be afraid to ask the seller about the characteristics of the monitor you are interested in. There are quite enough selection criteria, starting from the color scheme and ending with the technical characteristics.
So, let's imagine that you came to the store and you need an LCD monitor. What will you be guided by when choosing this product?
Choosing an LCD Monitor by Appearance
- Colour
The classic colors of the LCD monitor that you can offer: silver, black-silver, black, dark blue. Not enough, don't you think? But this is the standard factory coloring. Of course, a demanding user can order color scheme, which he wants (for example, to match the color of the interior or computer desk).
- Diagonal
Currently, LCD monitor manufacturers offer models from a minimum of 15 inches to specimens that reach 22 inches diagonally. It depends on your needs with which diagonal you need a monitor. Consider the larger the diagonal (as a rule, they have and high resolution), the more detailed the image on the screen you will see.
Monitor with a 16:10 (16:9) screen format. Yes, do not be surprised, such monitors also exist in their own way, which differ in appearance from the more familiar 4:3 (5:4) format monitors. These monitors are called widescreen.
To date, prices for monitors range from 5200 rubles. up to 25,000 rubles, which does not constrain the buyer to start only from the price. After all, he can buy both 19 and 17 inch monitors at the same price. Prices for 17-inch LCD monitors from 5000 rubles. up to 9000 rubles, prices for 19-inch LCD monitors from 5900 rubles. up to 13900 rub. That is, we see a general price range - from 5900 rubles. up to 9000 rub.
But if the price is not the main thing for you (or plays a non-defining role), then let's start considering the characteristics.
Characteristics of LCD monitors
Except appearance of the purchased LCD monitor, of course, the technical characteristics of the purchased goods are also important, do not be afraid to ask the sales assistant about them.
- LCD brightness (cd/m2)
This is the maximum limit (i.e. the brightest image state) of your monitor's brightness. Standard brightness equal to 300 cd/m2. Brightness will play at least some role for you if you are constantly working with material of initially poor quality, namely not bright enough.
In this case, the monitor settings will allow you to increase the brightness level and achieve the desired result. But brightness also has its downsides. Please note that constantly high brightness settings can quickly “hook” and ruin your monitor, that is, lead to its quick breakdown. When working, try to use moderate brightness values - this will save your monitor from damage for a longer time.
- LCD Contrast
Proportional ratio of the brightest and the most dark dot screen. But do not chase after this indicator, since this indicator plays an important role for sensitive eyes. The contrast can be adjusted via the adjustment buttons on the monitor. The contrast ratio ranges from 600:1 to 700:1.
But it is up to you how to adjust the contrast based on the sensitivity of your eyes. Like brightness, contrast has its downsides. When adjusting the contrast, also do not forget to return the settings to a moderate position. Contrast, like brightness, affects the picture of the monitor. And if you constantly set the contrast to the maximum and leave the settings for a long time, this can damage your monitor.
- LCD Viewing Angle
It is both horizontal and vertical. The horizontal viewing angle allows you to see the image on the monitor (if the viewing angle itself allows you), if you are sitting not in front of the monitor, but slightly to the side (right or left - these are the most extreme side points and forms this angle - the standard horizontal angle is 160 degrees) .
The vertical viewing angle is the angle between the highest point in front of the monitor and the bottom (the standard angle is 60 degrees, but the higher the better). Unlike CRT monitors, in which the picture is visible from any viewing angle, the crystalline content does not allow LCD monitors to boast of this. The largest viewing angle for an LCD today is 178 degrees both horizontally and vertically.
Of course, this criterion does not play a big role if you look at it alone. But now imagine a large number of people gathered in front of the monitor screen, someone is sitting, someone is standing, and everyone wants to see what is happening on the monitor.
Will your LCD monitor allow you to satisfy the desire of those who, let's say, are standing on the side or trying to see at least something on top of all their heads? Then the viewing angle of your monitor will play a decisive role. So, the larger the viewing angle, the more your guests will be satisfied that he managed to enjoy the picture, despite not the best places.
- Maximum LCD resolution
The density or, so to speak, the greatest detail of the image depends on this indicator. The standard resolution is 1280:1024, but again, the higher the better the image quality awaits you. Since 800:600 was previously the most high resolution not much time has passed. But users who are still accustomed to this resolution are irritable to more high resolution.
For example, many complain about the widespread resolution of LCD monitors 1280:1024, explaining this by the fact that the folder icons have become very small. And no one is going to get used to this, especially if the user has poor eyesight - whether they are elderly users or really with a visual impairment. But the plus is that your desktop has a lot more space for working folders, and the quality graphic files(games) has become an order of magnitude larger due to increased density.
- LCD monitor frequency and response time
Response time- the “brake” time between changing the picture on the screen, the refresh rate is also responsible for this indicator. For LCD monitors, the frequency is from 75 Hz, the approximate response time can be 8 ms, but it can be less, which is not bad. The combination of the highest frequency and the shortest response time gives best result. Take a test.
Sitting in front of the monitor, look away from the monitor at any object, but in such a way that you can see the state of the picture on the screen with peripheral vision. You will see slight oscillations ("twitches") of the screen, and this means that the frequency of your monitor is not high enough and you should adjust accordingly. And when choosing a monitor, you will have to take into account the frequency of these oscillations. Accordingly, the higher this indicator, the better.
- Electricity consumption
A significant indicator when choosing a monitor for budget buyers, because in the future energy consumption will play a role in paying the bill for it. So the more energy efficient your LCD monitor is, the less electricity you will have to pay.
For example, monitors consume from 30 watts. In economy mode, the monitor consumes 1-2 watts. So, when buying, having saved several hundred rubles, but having bought an LCD monitor with the highest energy consumption, you subsequently overpay for extra Watts of electricity. So be careful, this indicator is very significant in the final choice of a monitor.
Some LCD monitors have more than just the above. Some models have the ability to rotate the screen to different angles, both horizontally and vertically, and in other planes. also in individual models LCD monitors have the ability to mount to the wall (bracket), in case you do not have space on your desktop, everything is littered with papers.
Mounting to the wall is a way out of this problem.
Do not be afraid to ask the seller about all these characteristics of the LCD monitor. At the same time, it never hurts to take with you just a knowledgeable specialist in this field, since sometimes we can simply be fooled and handed a pig in a poke.
