Windows flip keyboard shortcut. Keyboard shortcut manual

F1 - calls Windows "help" or the help window of the active program. In Microsoft Word, the Shift + F1 key combination displays text formatting;
F2 - renames the selected object on the desktop or in the explorer window;
F3- opens a search window for a file or folder on the desktop and in explorer. The Shift + F3 key combination is often used to search backward;
F4- opens a drop-down list, for example, the list of the address bar in the 'My Computer' window or in Explorer. The keyboard shortcuts Alt + F4 in Windows are used to close applications, and Ctrl + F4- to close part of a document or program (for example, tabs) ;
F5- Refreshes the active window of the open web page, desktop, explorer and so on. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slideshow from the beginning, and the Shift + F5− key combination starts from the current slide;
F6-switch between screen elements in a window or on the desktop. In Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer, move between the main part of the window and the address bar;
F7 - checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8- when loading the operating system, selects the boot mode.
In the Word editor, includes enhanced text selection.
The selection of a fragment from the start to the end position of the cursor occurs without holding down the Shift key.
Pressing F8 again selects the word closest to the cursor.
The third is a sentence containing it.
Fourth paragraph. Fifth, the document.
You can remove the last selection by pressing the Shift + F8 keyboard shortcut.
You can disable the mode by pressing Esc;

F9 - in some programs updates the selected fields;
F10- activates the full menu, and the key combination Shift + F10 activates the context menu;
F11 - switches the window to full screen mode and back, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12- go to the choice of parameters for saving the file
(File -> Save As).

In a standard PC / AT keyboard, the alphanumeric block consists of 47 keys and includes keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation, arithmetic, and special characters. The effect of these keys depends on the register (lower - upper) in which these keys are pressed.

The control keys Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr (right Alt) are also called modifier keys, since they are designed to change the actions of other keys.
Shift (read "Shift") - upper case key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys, such as alphanumeric keys for uppercase and uppercase letters.
In addition, the Shift key is used as a modifier in keyboard shortcuts and on mouse clicks. For example, in order to open a link in a browser in a separate window, you need to click on the link with the mouse button,
while holding down the Shift key.

Ctrl (read "control") - used in combination with other keys, for example:
Ctrl + A- on Windows selects all text in the window;
Ctrl + B- in MS Word editor switches the font to "bold-normal";
Ctrl + С- in programs with WinAPI copies the text to the clipboard, and in console programs - ends the command;
Ctrl + F- in many programs calls the search dialog;
Ctrl + I- in MS Word editor switches the font to "italic-normal";
Ctrl + N- in programs with a multi-window interface opens a new empty window;
Ctrl + O- in many programs calls the dialog for opening an existing file;
Ctrl + P- in many programs sends text to print or calls the print dialog;
Ctrl + Q- exit from it in some programs;
Ctrl + R- in browsers refreshes the content of the window;
Ctrl + S- saves the current file in many programs
or calls the save dialog;
Ctrl + T- in browsers opens a new tab;
Ctrl + U- in MS Word editor toggles text underlines;
Ctrl + V- in programs with WinAPI pastes the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl + W- closes the current window in some programs;
Ctrl + Z- in many programs cancels the last action;
Ctrl + F5- in browsers refreshes the content;
Ctrl + Home- in programs with a text field, goes to the beginning of the edited document;
Ctrl + End- in programs with a text field, goes to the end of the edited document;
Ctrl + - in Total Commander switches to the root directory of the disk.

Alt (read "Alt") - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For instance:
Alt + F4- closes them in all programs;
Alt + F7- in some programs calls the search dialog;
Alt + F10- in some file managers calls the directory tree;
Alt + Tab- in Windows switches to the next running window;
Alt + letter - in some programs calls menu commands or opens menu columns.

In addition, the Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift keyboard shortcuts are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock (read "Kapslok") - transition to upper case mode (fixed switching). Pressing the key again cancels this mode. Used when typing

IN CAPITAL letters.

The Esc key (read "Escape"), used to cancel the current operation or the last change, minimize the application, go to the previous menu or screen, or deselect, is located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the block of function keys.

In the Windows operating system, the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc invokes the Task Manager.
Tab (reads "Tab") - in text editors enters a tab character and works with indents, and in graphical interfaces moves focus between elements. For example, moving between the desktop, the Start button, the Quick Launch bar, the taskbar, and the system tray.
The AppsKey key is the same as right-clicking and brings up the context menu for the selected item.

Linefeed Enter key - is used to enter a linefeed when typing text, select a menu item, submit a command for execution or confirm an action, and so on.

Backspace (reads "Backspace") - in text editing mode deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous screen of the program or web page in the browser.
Delete (reads "Divides") - deletes the selected object, the selected text fragment
or the character to the right of the input cursor.

The Insert key (read "Insert") is used to switch between the modes of insertion (as it were, the text moves apart) and replacement (new characters replace the existing text) when editing text.
The shortcut keys Ctrl + Insert replaces the "copy" command, and Shift + Insert - "paste". In the file managers Total Commander and FAR Manager, the key is used to select a file or folder.
PrtScn (print screen) (reads "Print screen") - takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, a snapshot is copied to the clipboard
the currently active window.

The ScrLk (Scroll Lock) service key (read "Scroll Lock") blocks scrolling and when it is activated with the cursor keys, the contents of the entire screen are shifted, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause / Break (read "Pause" or "Break") - pauses the computer. In modern operating systems, this key is relevant only during computer startup.

The up, down, right and left arrows refer to the cursor control keys and allow you to navigate through the menu items, move the input cursor to the corresponding side by one position. Combined with the Ctrl key, the arrows move to a greater distance. For example, in Microsoft Word, Ctrl + ← moves the cursor one word to the left.
With the Shift key, a block of text is selected.
The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line in a document or file list.

What hotkeys are useful to know.
The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + Esc is irreplaceable when the computer freezes, it calls the "Task Manager", with which you can end the process, remove the task or shut down the computer.

Alt + Tab lets you switch between open windows. A panel with all open applications appears in the center of the screen, and when you select the active window, you need to press the Tab key several times without releasing the Alt key.
The Alt + Space combination (space) opens the window's system menu, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - switch keyboard layouts.

Using Win + D, you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows except dialog ones.
Win + E opens the My Computer folder.
Win + F - open a window to search for a file or folder.

Greetings to you, dear readers of the blog site! I won't be mistaken if I say that many ordinary users, when they are sitting at a computer, never use Hotkeys... Most control their computer by manipulating the mouse. Even many of my acquaintances, whom I showed some key combinations for speed and convenience of working at a computer, did not immediately understand what is the point of using them.

The force of habit does not allow many to give up what they are used to. This is how a person is made. But, having tried several times to perform this or that operation on the computer, using combinations of different keys, after a while many people start using them automatically. I hope that the following tips for using the keys on the keyboard will be useful to someone and will make it easier to stay at the computer.

Keyboard shortcut.

Hot keys allow users to optimize their work at the computer and not interrupt the creative process for all sorts of nonsense. Using standard keyboard shortcuts, you can quickly execute the desired commands (undo an action, copy and paste text, take a screenshot of the screen, switch the language, and even turn off the computer) without distraction or even looking at the keyboard. By the way, Windows hotkeys operate in almost all applications of this operating system. It doesn't matter if you're running Windows 7 or Windows XP. Let me give you a simple example of how the "Ctrl" + "Z" undo hotkeys work. To undo the last action, press the left "Ctrl" key and, while holding it, press the English "Z" key. If you want to undo multiple actions, press the "Z" key several times. Moreover, it doesn't matter what language you have enabled. Most often keyboard shortcuts work the same in Russian and English layouts.

Keyboard keys for searching.

It is very convenient to use the search keys "Ctrl" + "F". They allow you to quickly find a certain phrase in a document, and work with text is greatly simplified. By the way, the search keys can also be used on site pages. When you press Ctrl + F, a small window will appear at the top right in Google Chrome (top left in Opera, bottom in Mazilla) where you can enter the word or phrase you want to find on the page. If such a word is on the page, it will be highlighted in your browser in yellow or orange. The same line will contain the number of words found on the page, as well as arrows that allow you to quickly move to the next option. Just don't be confused hotkeys search with site search. They only fire on the page that is open in your browser.

How to select text using the keyboard.

Keyboard shortcuts are also used to select text. For example, if the text document is very large and needs to be fully selected, use mouse cursor not very convenient. It is much easier to press Ctrl + A and all the text will be selected. To select a piece of text from the cursor to the left or right, press and hold the "Shift" key, press the arrows "←" and "→". Each time you press the arrow, the next letter will be highlighted. True, it takes a long time to select the text, but it can come in handy. And to select the text from the cursor to the beginning or to the end of the line, you can use the combinations "Shift" + "Home" and "Shift" + "End". In the same way, you can select whole lines of text from the cursor, up or down. To do this, place the cursor in the desired place, press the "Shift" key and, while holding it, use the "" and "↓" arrows. By the way, pressing the opposite arrow removes the selection. To remove the selection, you can click with the mouse anywhere in the open document. In some applications, you can deselect the selection using the "Ctrl" + "D" keys, but they do not work everywhere. For example, the virtual keyboard does not respond to this particular combination.

How to copy text using the keyboard.

Many are also interested in which keys to copy in different applications. To do this, use the combination "Ctrl" + "C". The keys work the same way in text documents, in graphic editors and in other programs. It is enough to select the desired fragment with the cursor and copy with the keys. Moreover, the same keys on the keyboard are used to copy some files. But there is one caveat. If you want to copy text published on some site, you may not succeed. This works the copy protection of the text that the resource owner has set. About, how to copy uncopyable text from such sites, it is described in more detail in another material.

How to insert text using the keyboard.

To paste text from the clipboard, you can press the hot keys "Ctrl" + "V". They also work in different applications. you can use insert hotkeys in text documents or when copying a file. It is especially convenient with their help to insert a large number of identical objects (for example, symbols that you want to use many times in the document).

How to switch keyboard to English.

We switch the keyboard from Russian to English and vice versa a hundred times a day, without even noticing it. Most often we use for this language switcher RU / EN, which is located at the bottom of the screen, on the right, on the taskbar. But it is much more convenient to do this using the "Alt" + "Shift" key combination. Over time, you start using these keys automatically. You just keep typing on the keyboard and do not think about how it switch to english and back.

How to restart your computer using the keyboard.

There is one more keyboard shortcut to know. If the computer is frozen and does not respond to your actions, press the "Ctrl" + "Alt" + "Del" keys at the same time. The Task Manager window will open, listing all the applications you have running. When you see the "Not working" status in front of any of them, click on the "End task" button.

If the mouse does not work, use the Tab key to select. When the End Task button is highlighted, press Enter. You also need to know what keys you can log out if your mouse is broken. So, to reboot quickly or altogether turn off computer, press the Windows key. It is located at the bottom, on both sides of the keyboard, it shows the logo of this operating system. When the main menu window appears, press the ↓ key until the Shutdown button is highlighted. Press "Enter", the standard "Turn off computer" window will appear. Select the command "Shutdown" or "Restart" using the "←" and "→" keys and press "Enter". To cancel this action and return to the system, press "Esc".

Of course, there are other options for keyboard shortcuts to perform various operations on your computer. But in this post I have shared the most common ones that I constantly use myself and recommend to you, my readers. Good luck to everyone !!

And what is it for ?! You already know. Now we need to talk about the assignment of keyboard keys. After all, the keyboard, figuratively speaking, is an intermediary between you and the computer, a tool for interacting with a smart assistant. By pressing keys, you send commands to the computer for execution.

Hence the conclusion: when you know the purpose and combinations of keys, working on the computer becomes easier and more enjoyable.

Key assignment:

- the service key stops or cancels the last action. For example, if a web page takes a long time to load, you can press ESC to stop loading.

F1—F12... reserved for specialized functions in programs. Therefore, the performance of the function in different programs may differ. For example, the F5 key in the Microsoft Word text editor performs the "Find and Replace" function, and in the file manager Total Commander the same key performs the "Copy" function. But we can say with confidence that the key F1 in all programs opens the file reference.

Tab used to create indentation ( Red line) in programs for working with texts. Also, if you are filling out tables or forms, you can use the Tab key to move to the next field.

- performs the function of changing the case (CAPITAL LETTERS). When you press this key, the indicator above the numeric keypad will light up, further typing of text will be carried out in capital letters. Pressing this key again disables the " Capital letters», The indicator above the numeric keypad goes out.

Shift - function keys are used in conjunction with other keys. As you can see, the keyboard has two shift keys, left and right. The purpose of these keys is absolutely the same, and their location on the keyboard is due to the convenience when typing. blind typing.

Now I will explain, say, when you are typing and you need to put an exclamation mark, it is most convenient to hold the shift key with the little finger of your right hand, and press the 1 key with the little finger of your left hand. The shift key is also involved in many key combinations, for example, entering a capital letter, a punctuation mark, performing specialized program functions and so on.

Control (Ctrl), Alternate (Alt) - control keys are designed to work in combination with other keys. Typically, you hold down the Ctrl, Alt key and then press another key to perform a specific task. For example, in many programs, the combination Ctrl + S- will save the file.

The main part of the keyboard includes alphanumeric a set of keys (letters and numbers) and space.

Enter- confirmation of the action. For example, while on the Internet, you can enter the website address and then press the Enter key to go to the site. It is also used to start a new line in text editors. Enter on the numeric keypad has the same purpose and is often used when doing mathematical calculations, say, in a calculator application to get a result.

- in a text editor, erases characters to the left of the cursor. And in the browser it allows you to return to the previous page.

Delete (Del) - in a text editor, erases characters to the right of the cursor. Serves as a delete function in file managers.

- enable / disable the "insert-replace" mode. The key is practically not used, but it can play a cruel joke. If you accidentally press this key while working in a text editor, then you will transfer it from the "insert" mode to the "replace" mode. After that, having made a mistake in the word, you will want to correct it. After correcting the error, you will find that the symbol to the right of the cursor has disappeared! You will try to enter it again, but the next character to the right of the cursor will disappear. So it will be until you press the insert key again. Not knowing about this key, some people, due to one typo, typed all the remaining text.

Cursor keys

Home - moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.

End- moves the cursor to the end of the current line.

Page Up / Page Down- page-by-page viewing of the document up or down.

The arrow keys are used for many different purposes, including move cursor, scrolling through a document, or control in the game.

Auxiliary keys

Print screen takes a screenshot - the so-called "screenshot", which can be edited or saved using a graphics processing program (graphics editor).

Scroll Lock vertical scrolling, rarely used today.

Pause / Break performs a pause function, more often used in combination with the Win key.

Win- serves to call the "Start" menu, and is also used in combination with other keys to call the functions of the Windows operating system.

The key calls the context menu (equivalent to pressing the right mouse button).

Enables / disables the numeric keypad. After switching on, the indicator lights up. When the numeric keypad is off, the keys function as the keys labeled on them.

Keyboard shortcuts

A key combination is when you hold down one or two keys and briefly press the third. For example, Ctrl + S, where plus indicates a keyboard shortcut. That is, you press and hold the Ctrl key, and then briefly press the S key. Plus in this entry is used to indicate a key combination and is not pressed in its execution.

When working with files and documents:

Ctrl + N- create a new file;

Ctrl + O- open a document;

Ctrl + A- select all;

Shift + Home- select a line to the left of the cursor;

Ctrl + End- select a line to the right of the cursor;

Ctrl + C- copy the selected text or file to the clipboard;

Ctrl + X - cut selected text or file;

Ctrl + V- paste the contents of the clipboard;

Ctrl + Del- delete a word behind the cursor;

Ctrl + Backspase- delete the word in front of the cursor;

Ctrl + Home- move the cursor to the beginning of the document;

Ctrl + End- move the cursor to the end of the document;

Ctrl + Z- undo the last action;

Ctrl + P- seal;

When working with a browser:

Ctrl +D- add a bookmark in the browser;

Ctrl + Shift + T- open a closed tab in the browser;

Ctrl + T- open a new tab;

Ctrl + L- select the contents of the address bar;

When working on Windows:

Ctrl + Shift + Esc- end hung processes;

Shift + Ctrl + Alt- call the task manager;

Alt + Tab- quick transition between program windows;

Alt + F4- quickly close the window;

Alt + Print Screen- take a screenshot of the active window;

Win + Pause / Break- property of the system;

Win + E- open the explorer;

Win +D- minimize all windows;

Win + F- search for files on the computer;

Win +L- user change;

Win + F1- reference;

Win + Tab- switches windows in a circle.

And there are many such key combinations, and in different programs these combinations often differ from each other, but you will easily remember them if you often work with a software product.

To improve your computer efficiency, you just need to know most useful keyboard shortcuts Windows. You can find huge lists of hot keys on the Internet, but remembering everything is hard and unnecessary.

In this IT tutorial, I'll share with you the useful keyboard shortcuts that I use the most.

What are hotkeys?

To begin with, let's figure out what "hot key combinations" we are talking about.

Hotkeys or keyboard shortcut(they are also shortcut keys) are combinations of simultaneously pressed buttons on the keyboard, which allow you to quickly perform any action.

That is, holding down two or three buttons on the keyboard, you replace several actions with the mouse, thereby significantly speeding up your work at the computer.

Where can you use keyboard shortcuts?

On different operating systems(Windows, Linux, Mac OS) different keyboard shortcuts are used, but some are identical.

In most programs hotkeys are also used. Some of them are standard for certain operations (creating a new document, printing), and some are unique for each individual program.

If you constantly use any program, then be sure to familiarize yourself with its hotkeys, this will help speed up your work several times!

Useful Windows keyboard shortcuts

Here are some of the most useful Windows keyboard shortcuts I recommend memorizing. All of these shortcuts use modifier keys ( Ctrl, Alt, Shift and key Windows):

Every computer user should know this!

These Windows keyboard shortcuts should be known to all PC users, they act both with folders and files, and with text.

"Copy", "Cut", "Paste" with the keys:

• Ctrl + C- copy to clipboard (file, folder or text will remain in the current location).
• Ctrl + X- cut to clipboard (file, folder or text will be removed from the current location).
• Ctrl + V- paste from clipboard (copied or cut files, folders or text will appear in the current location).

Select All and Cancel:

To select the entire contents of the current folder or the entire contents of an open document:

• Ctrl + A- select all.

I hope you already know about these hotkeys, but it won't be superfluous to repeat.

But not everyone already knows these combinations:

• Ctrl + Z- undo the previous action (including copying / moving files).
• Ctrl + Y- redo the undone action (i.e. opposite to the previous keyboard shortcut).

Working with documents open in the program

Hotkeys that will save you both time and nerves. Why drag the mouse to the menu " File", After clicking, look for the item" Create" or " new document"(In most programs, the location and name of the items are different), when you can hold down two keys:

• Ctrl + N- creating a new document in the program.

When you type text in Word, you need to save the document often so as not to lose it in the event of various failures. But sometimes it's too lazy to take the mouse once again, look for an icon on the taskbar, or an item in the menu, there is a simple replacement:

• Ctrl + S- save the open document.

These key combinations work in office programs, and in browsers, and in graphic editors; both in "Windows" and in Linux.

Hotkeys for working with program windows

When you have many programs open, and each program has more than one document, it is not difficult to get confused. But these hotkeys will help you quickly switch between programs.

• Alt + Tab- switching between windows of running programs. Hold Alt and keep pressing Tab to navigate to other programs (see).
• Alt + Shift + Tab- flipping open programs in reverse order (the same Alt + Tab, but back) with a large list of open programs can be very convenient.
• Ctrl + Tab- switching between bookmarks of an open window, switching between documents open in the program (for example, you can quickly switch between two open files in Word).
• Win + 1, Win + 2 ... Win + 0- switching between open programs by number on the taskbar. Launching programs pinned to the taskbar (we have already discussed in more detail).

Use these keyboard shortcuts to quickly close unnecessary documents.

• Alt + F4- close the active program.
• Ctrl + F4- closing one document in the program or tab (the program itself continues to work).

Lots of programs open but need to quickly see the desktop? You are welcome:

• Win + D- minimize all windows and show the desktop (press again to return all windows to their place!).

Let's start with keys that do not need a combination, pressing which individually performs an operation.

• F1- in most programs calls help system("Help" or "Help")
• Backspace – jump back in the explorer window and in browsers (the previous open folder or the previous page of the site).
• Tab- each time you press activates another element program windows for keyboard control (open a new browser window and press the Tab key several times, watching where the blinking cursor or selection moves). In text editors, pressing TAB indents text at a standard distance - very convenient, but more on that in one of the future IT-lessons.
• Esc – closes dialog boxes, various menus and some programs. Also, cancels performed actions(if you get lost in the open windows of the program and are afraid to accidentally change the settings, then press ESC until you return to the main window).
• Win- opens and closes menu "".

I have already mentioned some of the listed combinations in previous IT-lessons, so as not to load you with a huge list of new combinations today.

Keyboard shortcut book

Want to learn more keyboard shortcuts? Then leave a useful comment and get a book as a gift"Magic keyboard shortcuts"! You can read more about the book.

I think you have probably already heard that keyboard- this is the most convenient and fastest way to control your computer, but most likely you cannot believe it, because you cannot understand how you can control the keyboard faster e, than hover the mouse over the desired location on the screen and click with one finger. So, it really is. The author of this article himself once thought so too, but some time passed and everything fell into place.

Keyboard work faster!

The fact is that in fact, in order to perform several actions in a matter of seconds, a mouse is not suitable at all, because you need to reach out to the mouse, coordinate the movements with this hand, etc. But the keys are always under your fingers and to press several keys you need to apply dozens of times less concentrated effort. I'm not even talking about any altered states of consciousness, like alcohol or drug intoxication - it is almost impossible to work with a mouse in these states, but with skillful use of the keyboard, the performance does not decrease even in such cases :)

What are the main groups of keys on the keyboard?

The keyboard can be conditionally divided into the following logical blocks:
1. Letters, numbers and punctuation marks - this group can be called alphanumeric. There are most of these keys on the keyboard. They are located in the center of the keyboard. Serve for typing texts, entering commands and program code.
   

   In order to use these keys as conveniently and efficiently as possible, you need to master. He explains how fingers should be positioned on the keyboard, since the keyboard is divided into several zones, and each zone has a corresponding finger. It is not possible It is quite difficult to learn and requires decent patience and perseverance, but this skill pays off a hundredfold, since it greatly simplifies the use of a computer.

2. This group is a row of twelve keys at the very top of the keyboard. They are used to perform many operations, which are described in detail in the article dedicated to them.
3. Control keys. It is about them that we are going to talk on this page of the site. These are keys that are not assembled into any block. Enter, Alt, Ctrl, Tab, Shift, Backspace, spacebar - and several others.They are located all over the keyboard - according to its periphery. This is done so that they do not interfere with typing and at the same time are always available. When mastering the aforementioned ten-finger method, these keys are almost all pressed with the little fingers. However, for getting to know them, this is not important for us yet. We will analyze their names, purpose and basic functions of the control keys.
4. Cursor keys. They are often singled out in a separate group, with only 4 keys. In our opinion, these keys can be safely referred to as control keys, which they are in essence. They are needed to move the cursor. They are responsible for direction. Thus, among the control keys there are related ones Home, End, PgUp, PgDown. These keys are used, for example, to move around it, as well as for it.
5. Numeric block - NumPad. A separate block with the arrangement of numbers as on a calculator. These keys are referred to as auxiliary keys, on some keyboards they are absent, since they duplicate the numbers located in the top row of the alphanumeric block. An additional numeric keypad is used when working with numbers, arithmetic operations, for example. It is much easier for a person who does not know the ten-finger dialing method to use numbers there. But in general it is not effective, and, for some, we recommend mastering the use of numbers in the top row of the main keyboard.

Now, let's look at the use of some basic combinations using mainly a group of control keys.

Enter

And we will start with the fact that the most important key is Enter. It allows you to send data from forms, text fields, the address bar of the browser, in general, in all those places where you need to enter any data. It works always and everywhere, not only on the pages of sites, but also in your entire operating system and even outside of it ... But the Enter key is replaced with various buttons designed to enter data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a button "Go ", On the forms of web pages these are buttons such as" Enter "," Search ", etc. So, if you still use the "mouse" counterparts of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will be shortened for you by only a second or two, but how many times during operation is this operation performed? So I'm talking about the same thing - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation, this small detail is one of the main ones.

Tab

Next, the Tab key (tabulate) is very useful for us - this key allows you to move the input focus from one object to the next, in order from top to bottom and from left to right. A striking example of her help is the use of this key when entering your username and password in the form to enter your email account (I assume you already use email, although even if not, I will tell you about this in another article).

Let's say you've opened a page for your email service. Instead of leading and clicking in the field for entering a username (login), press only the key Tabwith the little finger of the left hand and you will see how much faster it is. This is because the field for entering a name (login) is almost always the very first field in the structure of any web page where an authorization form is provided. The same can be said about search engine pages, when opening a search engine page, the first thing to do is click Tab, and you will invariably find yourself in the field for entering a query to the search engine, and this is what you need. You may find it incredibly inconvenient for the first few times, but believe me, these several times are worth it. In general, a super-fast site login algorithm is as follows: immediately after loading the web page you want, you click Tab, enter your login, click again Tab(get used to it push it with your little finger), enter the password, click Enter... By the way, I will say that Enter is also worth pressing with the little finger of your right hand,

It is interesting! The Tab and Enter keys are made especially large, so that you can easily hit them with a blow of your little finger.

At first it will be inconvenient, but this inconvenience will pass in a couple of days. But you can already compare the time it takes to enter the site, and you yourself will feel that this procedure now happens just lightning fast, compared to how you entered the site before, using only a mouse for navigation.

Shift + Tab

You might say, "The Tab key is fine, of course, but I still have to grab the mouse if I miss one of the fields, or if I skip while typing, and I need to go back to the previous field, above or to the left." ... But I will answer you that this is always and everywhere provided, in such cases, to the above-described Tab, the Shift key comes to the rescue. That is, here we use not only the single Tab key, but the so-called combination, or a key combination commonly referred to as Shift + Tab... This designation<клавиша 1>+<клавиша 2>, always means that in this case you need to press key 1 first, and while holding it down, press key 2. As you get used to the keyboard, this action becomes similar to pressing two keys at the same time, because the time between pressing two keys gradually decreases with experience. That is, to use Shift + Tab, to return to the previous input field, you need to hold down Shift and press Tab.

Shift is also a pinky key. Rather, the keys and, because on a standard keyboard, there are necessarily two of them. This is done in order to use them regardless of which key you need to press with it. The standard technique, which the first keyboard developers counted on, is Shift, you need to press with the little finger of the hand that is free from pressing other keys. This means that the most correct and ergonomic way to press a command Shift + Tab there will be pressing and holding the right Shift with the little finger of the right hand, and clicking on Tab with the little finger of the left hand.

Focus transfer key in the address bar.

The address bar is an indispensable and essential element of any browser. It is with its help that we manage to transfer the required website address to the browser in order for the latter to display its contents to us. The address bar is located at the top of your browser window; it automatically displays the address (url) of what the browser displays in the main window. So, in order to effectively use this function, there must be a hotkey that allows you to transfer the input focus to this very line. The standard keys for this are:

• F6 in Firefox and IE browsers (internet explorer)
• F8 for Opera browser

By the way, in Opera you can change this value to any other key, say, the same F6... Moreover, F6 serves for this not only in the browser, but also in the standard Explorer of any operating system of the Windows family, because it uses the same engine both for the IE browser and for the shell of the Explorer OS itself. Directly in the system, you can use the address bar to navigate the entire file system of your computer. Let's say you are in the C: Program Files directory of Internet Explorer, and in order to instantly move to the root of the C: drive of your system, all you need to do is click F6, type "C:" and press Enter. It takes dozens of times less time than the same action using the mouse.

By the way, you may have noticed that when the focus is transferred to the address bar using a hotkey, the value that is currently in the line is automatically highlighted. This is done so that immediately after the focus is transferred, you can type the desired address without being distracted by clearing the address bar field, as you would have to do it with a mouse. Another useful thing is that when you start typing an address, a list of already visited addresses appears if you want to use this function in the browser, and all possible transition options if you navigate through the file system. You just need to select the desired address and click Enter. A number of function keys are quite far from the main keyboard, so you can press these keys as you like. The best option - if you are not yet accustomed to using the function keys, then I recommend pressing F6 with the middle finger of your right hand. F8 is most conveniently pressed with the ring finger of your right hand.

F5 - page refresh

In any browser there is a refresh function (refresh) of the current web page. In the browser toolbar, the button for calling this function usually looks like two arrows forming a ring. This process implies a forced request of the current page from the server in order to download possible content changes, because while you are reading the page, it is physically located only on your computer, and during this time on the server this page could have changed. This is sometimes necessary, for example, when checking e-mail, when reading forums, because the content there really changes quite often. So, when the page is refreshed, the browser will load the changes that have occurred. This is what the F5 key is for. Most it is convenient to press this key with the index finger of any hand, in fact, it doesn't matter which hand - which one will be more convenient for you.

True, there is one more opportunity to update the page from the keyboard. Maybe someone will find it more convenient to use the combination Ctrl + R. Sometimes it is more convenient to press it than to reach for the F5 key. It will be correct to press it - the right little finger on ctrl and the left middle finger on R, this is the recommended setting of the fingers. Although for those who do not know the ten-finger dialing method, it will be more convenient to press the combination completely with the left hand - the left pinky to the left ctrl and the left index to R.

Navigation - Forward / Backward

In any browser there is a function of flipping the viewed web pages. This function is available using the left and right arrow buttons on your browser toolbar. It is used to return to previously or later viewed pages. Suppose, being on some page "a", you clicked on the link, and went to page "b", there you clicked on the link again and found yourself already on page "c". And suddenly you need to be on page "b" again, but you do not know the address of that page. This is what the back function is for. By clicking "back" once, you will find yourself on page "b". What if you double-click? That's right, you will find yourself on page "a". And so you can turn over until you find yourself on the very first page from which you started surfing. But now you have looked what you wanted to see on page "a", and you again need page "c". No problem - there is a forward function for that. While on page "a", you need to double-click on "forward", and you will find yourself on page "c". Just? Elementary. Conveniently? You will understand in a couple of days.

Well, we figured out the function itself, now we need to find hot keys for it, which, in fact, are discussed in this article. These keys are also standard, and work in almost all the most famous browsers, and again, they work when navigating the Windows file system using the standard Explorer. These are the keys Alt + left- back and alt + right- forward. In addition, to turn pages back, the key is also standard in any browser. Backspace, but I do not recommend getting used to it, because it is less advisable to use it, I say this, based on my own experience. The backspace key should always and everywhere be pressed with the little finger of the right hand... The Alt + right and Alt + left combinations are most correct to press as follows: Left Alt - with the ring finger of the left hand, and while holding it, click the left or right arrows with your right little finger. "But it's hard!" - you say. Yes, it's hard - at first. But it will be very easy a little later.

Hand position

There are also a couple more convenient options for pressing these combinations, which I myself use. The first of them is purely "navigational" - this is a special position of the hands, which I, perhaps, will talk about in another article. And the option is that three fingers of the right hand are on the arrows, and, accordingly, we press the index to the left, and the nameless to the right. Left Alt is held down with the left thumb. The rest of the fingers in this position are located very conveniently on the other control keys, but more on that another time.

The second option, for example, we have a mouse in our right hand, with which we scroll the page. In order to flip the page back and forth without taking your hands off the mouse, you need holding the right Alt with the little finger of the left hand, scroll with the index finger of the left hand to the left or to the right... Just? Like diffusion. There is another option - with a busy left hand, we scroll as follows: right thumb to the right Alt, and with the little finger of the right hand, scroll using the arrows.