Installing programs in linux from a flash drive. Full Linux installation on Flash drive

If you decide to install Ubuntu, but your computer does not have a laser disk drive, you should not run to your friends or to the store. Today, you don't need a floppy drive to install Ubuntu, you can easily create a bootable USB flash drive.

Creating a bootable USB drive using WinSetupFromUSB

1. Download the Ubuntu image, fortunately, this OS is free, so there will be no problems at this step.
2. Download the WinSetupFromUSB program. It can be found on the official Microsoft website.
3. Run WinSetupFromUSB.
4. On the main window, select the USB flash drive that you want to use as bootable. (First, save all important data stored on the drive, because it will be formatted during the program operation).
5. Check the box next to "Auto format".
6. Check the box next to "Linux ISO".
7. Click on the button with three dots and point the program to the location of the Ubuntu image.
8. A dialog box will appear prompting you to name the Grub bootloader item. You can write any phrase, for example, "Installing ubuntu from a USB flash drive". It will not affect the installation process in any way.
9. Click on the "Go" button, after which the application will notify that all data on the flash drive will be deleted. Confirm your choice and wait until the end of the process.

Creating a bootable drive with Unetbootin

1. As in the previous case, first download the Ubuntu OS image.
2. Download the Unetbootin program from the official site. It is licensed under the GPL, so you can use it for free.
3. In order to install Ubuntu from a USB flash drive without any problems, you will have to format it before starting to create a bootable USB drive.
4. Double click on the "Computer" shortcut. Right-click on the USB storage icon and select the "Format" line.
5. After specifying the "FAT32" format, click on the "Start" button. (Formatting will delete all data on the flash drive, copy all the necessary files in advance).
6. Start Unetbootin. In this case, the program will immediately appear in full combat readiness, you will not need to install it.
7. The application is a single window in which you will have to define all the settings. In general, there are three steps involved in setting up the settings.
8. First, specify the path where the Ubuntu image is stored.
9. Then select the flash drive you want to use.
10. Click "Ok" and wait for the process to complete. It may seem to you that the program is frozen. Even Windows, when trying to access an application, will notice that the process is not responding. Please be patient, Unetbootin often behaves this way while writing data.
11. If you do not have an Ubuntu disk image, you can select the distribution kit at the very top of the window, which will be downloaded by the program automatically. This installation method is suitable only for those who exchange data with the Internet at a high speed.

BIOS settings

After creating a bootable USB flash drive, you need to go into the BIOS and slightly change the settings, otherwise the installation of Ubuntu from the USB flash drive will not be possible. To do this, restart your computer and watch the messages on the screen. Sometimes you need to press the F2 key to enter BIOS settings, but most often manufacturers set the use of the "DEL" button. Here go to the "Advanced" tab and set the First Boot Device to USB. Exit BIOS with saving changes (usually this can be done by pressing the "F10" button or by selecting the appropriate item on the "Quit" tab).

Training

1. After performing all the manipulations in the BIOS settings and booting the computer, a selection menu will appear on the screen, which will offer you either to install Ubuntu from a USB flash drive or launch a LiveCD. Choose an installation.
2. After selection, a preparation window will open. In it, the user will be asked to make sure that there is enough free space on the HDD, and besides that, connect the computer to the Internet.
3. Often it will be impossible to connect to the Internet, except when using a Wi-Fi router. If you leave the installer without the ability to connect to the world wide network, no errors will occur in the process, just the latest updates will not be downloaded. They can be installed later.
4. At the bottom of the window there will be an inscription "install third-party software". Check the box next to it: Third-party software here is considered to be non-GPL licensed software.

Editing HDD Partitions

1. The window that opens will offer several options to choose from: installing Ubuntu from a USB flash drive next to another operating system, installing Linux as the main OS, or partitioning the hard drive yourself.
2. Whichever option you choose, the next step will load the section editor. Here the user will have to choose how much space to allocate for Ubuntu. If the option with self-marking is selected, the user will be given the opportunity to completely redraw the partition table (delete existing ones, create new ones, change the size, specify the format, set the cluster size).
3. After clicking the "Install" button, the program will display a warning saying that manipulations will be performed with the partition table. They can take a significant amount of time.
4. Click "Continue".

Completion of preparation and installation

1. A certain amount of time will pass (the duration depends on the size of the HDD, the speed of data exchange, fragmentation), and a new window will appear on the screen, offering to select the language, region, keyboard layout, time zone.
2. At the next stage, the program will ask you to enter a new username and password. After filling in this information, click "Continue".
3. The preparations are complete, the installation of Ubuntu from the USB stick has begun. After its completion, a message will appear on the monitor screen prompting you to restart the computer.
4. After rebooting, do not forget to remove the USB flash drive or reset the BIOS settings to their original state.

Background

The "pocket distribution" is quite a handy thing, because the overwhelming majority of computers run Windows, and many want to get a familiar working environment outside the home.

For a long time I used an SD card with SLAX. The distribution is convenient, customizable, it can fully load into RAM and free up the port. However, for 3 years the project has been frozen, has outdated software. Lack of support for ext4 file systems and new hardware (especially video cards and WI-FI routers) forced me to abandon this system.

UPD: Slax has already been unfrozen and a new version has been released. Details.

Then I got the idea of ​​installing the OS on a flash drive using the built-in tools of the Ubuntu system. But due to the irrational conservation of changes, this system had to be abandoned. In the end, it was decided to use an installer called Ubiquity. It is he who is contained in the LiveCD and performs the installation on the hard disk. Since this option requires much more space than the default CD image, I purchased a new 16 gigabyte flash drive - Apacer AH325:

The distribution kit for installation was selected LinuxMint 12, about which already earlier. In general, you can use any linux-system, but it is better to opt for Ubuntu or ubuntu-based distributions.

Note: if you are going to make full use of the temporary section (for example, watch large videos on YouTube), then it is better to increase the limit of 100 megabytes. I do not advise you to remove the limit, because a frozen application can hang the entire system, clogging the temporary folder with its copies.

First boot

... as always, lasts a long time. The main thing is to wait until the end of the download, do not interrupt it, otherwise the file system of the flash drive may suffer.

You should then be greeted by the LightDM menu. After entering the password, you will receive a fully functional system. You can proceed with further configuration and downloading of packages. However, the first step is to open Update manager and bring the system up to date. The rest already depends on your needs and tastes. But that is another story...

Outcomes

So, in the end, we get a bootable USB flash drive, which is a full-fledged Linux desktop that can cope with almost any task.

On my own I would advise you to always back up important data "to the cloud" (Ubuntu One,

Do you want to add more functionality to your flash drive? Have you always wanted something more than just putting files in for printing or copying? Did you know that you can install a Linux operating system on your USB stick and bring it wherever you want? Also, did you know that you can install "portable" versions of your favorite applications on a USB stick? So whenever you borrow someone's computer and don't have your favorite browser, you can simply plug in your flash drive and all your settings will automatically be set the way you want them to! With this tutorial, you can easily do it!

1. USB storage device with at least 4 GB. 8 GB or more recommended. The bigger, the better.
2. Internet connection.
3. Computer running Microsoft Windows.

You've probably heard of Linux. It is a kind of Windows-like operating system. Linux comes in many different forms called distributions. The most common of which is Ubuntu. Ubuntu is what we will install on your flash drive.

On a note! It would be better if you save it in the same location as the Ubuntu ISO, and even better if they are both on the desktop.

Step 3. Installing OS on a USB device

Now that you've got everything set up for it, it's time to plug in your flash drive. Before starting, back up your content to your computer to keep your important data safe.

Now double click on the USB installer that you downloaded in the previous step, click Yes if User Account Control prompts you to allow the program to make changes on your PC.

Now let's do it step by step:

1. On the first screen, click “I Agree”.

   

2. After that, it will allow you to select a Linux distribution from the dropdown list, click on it and select "Ubuntu".

   

3. Ignore the "Download the iso" option as you have already done so. Now click the Browse button and navigate to the location where you saved the Ubuntu ISO file, then double-click it.

   

   

4. Now, be careful with this step because you might get confused if you have any other flash drives. Next, click on the dropdown where you will select the drive letter of your flash drive.

   

   

   On a note! Pay attention to the "Format X: Drive" parameter (with X being the letter of your flash drive).

5. Determine the location on the USB flash drive for the operating system by moving the slider in the "Step 4" section to the required amount.

   

6. Then click “Create” to start the installation.

   

7. A dialog will appear telling you what the installer will do with your flash drive, that's ok. After reading, press "Si".

   

8. Relax and let the installer do its thing. When finished recording, click Close.

   

When you check your flash drive, it will probably have less space than before, obviously because you installed the OS there.

Step 4. Testing Ubuntu

Now that Linus is installed on your flash drive, why not check it out? Be aware that this part gets tricky. So:

1. Remove the USB flash drive and turn off the computer.
2. When it turns off, reconnect your flash drive, then turn on your computer.
3. Once you hit the power button, keep pressing F10 (or F12, it depends on your computer) to access the BIOS. The BIOS (or Basic Input Output System) can look quite odd due to all the text on the blue screen (depending on the motherboard) and the complete lack of graphics, and the fact that you have to use the keyboard to navigate menus.

   

4. Once you have entered the BIOS, go to the System Configuration menu.

   

5. Look for "Boot Options" or something similar to this. This will take you to another menu.

   

6. Then go to Boot Order or Boot Priority (depending on your computer's motherboard).

   

7. Once you've found it, change the boot order of the system so that "USB Flash Drive" or "USB Disk Key" or something similar is at the very top of the list, that is, it should be the first in terms of boot priority.

   

   

   

8. Then save the changes and restart your computer.

   

9. You will then be greeted by the Ubuntu Installer Boot Menu, from which you must select the first option "Start Ubuntu Without Installing".

   

After a few loading screens (matrix-style messages appear), you will see the desktop. Congratulations!

1. So, go to the following link http://portableapps.com/suite, scroll down the list a little and click which version of the package you want ("Standard Suite" recommended).

   

   

   Click "Download Now - Free"

2. When the download completes, double-click the installer.

   

3. On the first screen, click Next.

   

   

4. On the second, select "I Agree."

   

5. In the window that opens, the "New installation" item will be checked by default, leave it, click "Next".

   

6. Leave the checkbox next to "Portable - install to USB drive", click "Next".

   

   We leave the checkbox on the item "Portable - install on USB-drive"

7. In the window that appears, the installer has automatically detected the flash drive, leave a check mark on the name of the flash drive, click "Next".

   

8. Click Install.

   

9. Once everything is installed, click "Finish", and then the portable set of applications will be launched. It is very similar to the Windows Start menu, so it shouldn't be hard to figure it out.

   

Step 6. Install / add new portable applications

Portable versions of applications are available at http://portableapps.com.

1. Use the search bar in the upper right corner to find the app you want.

   

2. Once you've found it, click the "Download" button.

   

3. The application will be saved in the ".paf.exe" format. Double click it to install.

   

4. Follow the instructions of the installer.

   

5. Click the "Browse" button, select your flash drive, click "Install".

   

   

   

Made! Now you have a portable operating system on your flash drive with all the programs you need.

Video - Installing Ubuntu on a USB Flash Drive

Linux can come in handy for many reasons. For example, your old computer cannot be upgraded to newer versions of Windows or macOS, or you need specific Linux applications, or you are just curious to try a new one. Or maybe you just bought a new computer without an operating system and want to save money by choosing free Linux.

Installing Linux is easy. Of course, there are distributions like Arch, which is quite difficult to install for a beginner. But most modern distributions are very easy to install. Perhaps even simpler and faster than Windows.

Back up important data before installing Linux on your main computer. While working with partitions on your hard drive, you can inadvertently erase something important. Of course, if you follow the instructions and carefully read what you are doing, then nothing unexpected will happen. But - not a superfluous thing in any case.

You can install Linux on computers running Windows and macOS, or on an empty hard drive. You can choose Linux as your main system, or use it alongside your old system.

1. Download the Linux distribution

First of all, you need to choose a Linux distribution. The DistroWatch.com rating will help you decide.

Then you need to download the selected distribution. It's easier to do this: open the site of the required distribution kit, find the download section and select the one that suits your processor's bitness.

As a rule, Linux distributions on the official sites are offered to download in two ways. The first way is normal download. The second is through P2P via a torrent client. The second way is, of course, faster. So choose it if you want to save time.

When the ISO distribution is downloaded, you need to burn it to a CD or a regular USB flash drive.

Burning to CD can be done using standard system tools: "Burn disk image" Windows or "Disk Utility" macOS. It is enough to click on the loaded image with the right mouse button and select the corresponding item in the menu.

You will need special utilities to burn ISO to a USB flash drive. For Windows, choose Rufus, and for macOS, choose UNetbootin. These programs have a very simple interface, it is rather difficult to get confused in them.

3. Prepare the disk partition

This step should be performed in the event that you want to keep the system installed on you and use Linux at the same time. If you decide to transfer your computer to Linux completely or install the OS on an empty hard disk, skip this paragraph.

Windows

Open Windows Disk Management Tool. Select the disk or partition from which you plan to cut some space for your Linux installation. For most distributions, 10 GB is more than enough. But if you plan on installing a lot of apps, take more. Right-click on the partition and select Shrink Volume. Enter the size and click OK.

The process can take quite a long time, so please be patient.

When Disk Management finishes resizing partitions, an empty unallocated space appears on the disk, marked in black. This is where we will install Linux.

Later, if you do not need Linux, you can delete partitions with it and give the freed space back to Windows using the same "Disk Management Tools".

macOS

You can allocate space for your Linux installation through the macOS Disk Utility. Select your drive and click on the "+" sign to create a Linux partition. It may take a while to create a new partition.

4. Prepare the bootloader

Windows

This item only applies to new computers with preinstalled Windows 10, 8.1, or 8. These computers use a UEFI bootloader that will prevent you from booting any system other than Windows.

To fix this, go to your computer's BIOS settings and disable the Secure Boot option. Then reboot. Done, you can now download and install other systems alongside your Windows.

macOS

Unlike most computers, Mac requires a couple of additional steps to install Linux on a dual boot with macOS.

First of all, disable SIP. Reboot your Mac and press Cmd + R. The Recovery menu appears. Select "Terminal" in it and enter csrutil disable.

Restart your Mac again. SIP is disabled.

Manual

Suitable if you want to set the dimensions for your partitions yourself or, for example, create a separate partition for your files. To do this, select "Another option" and click "Continue".

Linux will display what partitions you have on your computer. You can delete them, format or, conversely, leave the sections with the information that you want to keep.

To install Linux instead of your system, select the partition with the installed system and remove it with the "-" button. Then create new partitions in the vacant space.

• Root partition for Linux system files. Select the Ext4 file system and mount point /.
• A swap partition, or swap partition, comes in handy if you don't have enough RAM, but a fast SSD. Select Swap Partition from the list of file systems.
• Home section where your files will be stored. Select the Ext4 file system and the / home mount point.

Click "Continue" and confirm the changes. The installer will erase the partitions you selected and create new ones in the vacated space.

How to install Linux next to the current system

There are two ways to install Linux alongside your system.

Auto

Most Linux installers will immediately detect the systems you have installed. If you did not create a separate disk space for Linux, then you can try selecting the "Install next to Windows" option. The installer will create the necessary partitions on its own, and you will not have to do anything manually.

Manual

If you want to decide for yourself how much space to allocate to the system, and followed the instructions in paragraph 3, click "Other option" and click "Continue". You will see your disk partitions and the empty space that we have prepared for Linux. Create a root partition there (mount point /) as described above. The home section is not necessary in this case: you can copy and modify files on your main system.

Click Continue. The installer will leave your files where they are. It will simply create new partitions in the free space. You will be able to choose which system you want to boot at startup.

8. Complete the Linux installation

You will then be asked to introduce yourself. Enter your name and create a password. Do not forget the password, as you will always need it to complete tasks on behalf of everyone. You can encrypt your home folder if you want.

Then just wait. When the installation is complete, you will be prompted to remove the installation disc and reboot. Do not forget to disable boot from external drives in the BIOS if you enabled it.

What to do after installation

When you reboot and your Linux desktop appears in front of you, you can do everything you do in Windows and macOS: surf the Internet, edit documents and listen to music. Do not forget to update and take a look at the "Application Store" (or its equivalent, depending on the distribution kit) to install the applications you need.

Try Linux and you will see that it is no more difficult in everyday life than Windows or macOS.

Installing Ubuntu from a USB stick has several advantages over installing from a CD. Firstly, not all computers have a CD-ROM drive at all (this is especially true if you need to install Ubuntu on a netbook). Secondly, installing Linux from a USB stick is much faster than installing from a CD (and this is especially important for "pipelined" installation on several computers). And thirdly, CDs generally have very unpleasant properties to scratch and quickly fail.

So how do you create a bootable Ubuntu Linux USB stick? To get started, you need an Ubuntu disk image or the CD itself. If you don't have it yet, read where to get it.

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Creating a bootable Ubuntu stick

So, the first way to create a bootable USB stick is for those who run any version of Ubuntu or are able to boot from an Ubuntu LiveCD. For this, Ubuntu has a special utility usb-creator-gtk. To run it, press ALT + F2 and enter "usb-creator-gtk" or look for "Create bootable disk" in the application menu.

This program is outrageously simple: select the drive device where the Ubuntu disk is located, or the Ubuntu ISO image file, below we select the flash drive device. If necessary, you can also allocate space on the flash drive to save personal files and settings (if you do not do this, then when working from a flash drive they will be lost every time you reboot - but if you need a flash drive not for work, but only for installation - you worry shouldn't).

Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB stick on Windows

If you have only Windows at your disposal, and for some reason you cannot boot from the Ubuntu CD, then there is a special utility for creating a bootable Linux flash drive from Windows - UNetbootin. You can download this program.

Here everything is also quite simple: select the distribution kit in the upper list (the program will download it itself), or the already downloaded disk image file (Diskimage). At the bottom of the window, select the flash drive. If necessary, allocate additional space for storing personal files (Spase used to preserve files across reboots).