If you are referring to this kind of articles, then it most likely makes no sense to once again remind you about the essence and purpose of such servers, but for the sake of formality it is worth clarifying that File Transfer Protocol uses port 21 by default and can be used for viewing as an Internet browser and most file managers, which include Windows Explorer.
Continuing with the obligatory introduction, let me remind you that for normal operation on a local network, you will need to open port 21 in the Firewall of the server computer (obviously the one on which you will configure), and for access from an external network you also need to forward this port on the router. The last reminders are necessary for the happy owners of firewalls and routers. So, if you use these programs and devices, it would be a good idea to read the instructions and complete the setup.
Let's start by making sure that our operating system can do such work at all. To do this, we simply look at the name of the assembly and consider everything above the Home version to be suitable for our needs.
Step one.
Find the “programs and features” item in the control panel and go to the “Turn Windows features on or off” option.
Step two
The menu that opens will offer us a list of components from which we must find and enable “IIS services” and all its subservices. It should turn out like this:
Click OK and wait for Windows to complete the installation.
Step three
Now we need to directly start our server. In the same control panel we find the “Administration” item, and in it “IIS service manager"
In the window that opens, in the left column, open the tree to the “Sites” tab and right-click on this tab. Select “Add FTP site”
Then we set the name of the site and the directory to which the ftp protocol will physically access
Next, the parameters for launching the server are determined and to simplify access, it is worth specifying launch without SSL. Whether to launch it at system startup and whether to bind it to a specific address is at your discretion.
On the next page, check the boxes next to “Anonymous” and “Plain” and click done.
At the moment, the FTP server is ready, but in order for us to use it, we will continue to configure it.
Now let's configure the Windows Firewall
"Control Panel"→ “Windows Firewall”
Here we go to additional parameters.
Then you need to enable 2 rules for incoming connections
FTP server (incoming traffic)
FTP server traffic in passive mode (incoming FTP traffic in passive mode).
For outgoing connections, you need to enable the following rule in the firewall " FTP server traffic (outgoing FTP traffic)".
Step five
Now you need to create a user to work with the server. Why open the system console? Press the Win+R key combination and enter “mmc” in the field
in the console that opens, press Ctrl+M or the “file” menu - “Add or remove snap-in”. A menu will open in which you need to add “Local users and groups”
If you did everything correctly, you will get a window that looks like this:
Now we create a group for the user of our FTP server.
Right-click on “Groups” - “Create a new group”
We issue the “create” command and proceed to creating a user.
Now we need to bind our user to the previously created group. To do this, go to the user properties to the “group membership” tab. There we press the “add” and “advanced” - “search” button. Now we add the group that we created a couple of minutes ago.
Step six
We need to specify group permissions for the directory that we specified when creating the server. To do this, open its properties to the “Security” tab and click the “Change” button:
Click the “Add” button and add the group that we created. We give the group full access by checking the appropriate box at the bottom of the window:
Step seven
Let's go back to the FTP server settings
Go to “authorization rules” FTP "and create a allowing rule, where in Select “Specified roles or user groups” and enter the name of our group. Give this group read and write permissions and click OK.
Now your FTP server is configured and completely ready for use. Don't forget to check your Firewall and router for open ports for the site and you can safely get to work.
Sometimes it is easier and faster to transfer a file through your own FTP server than to upload it to a file hosting service. Below is the procedure for installing and configuring the IIS ftp server included in Windows 7.
The FTP server is included with Internet Information Services. To install it, open Control Panel -> Programs -> Turn Windows features on or off. Expand the IIS Services section and check the boxes next to the following components: FTP Service and IIS Management Console.
Setting up an FTP server.
Open Control Panel -> System and Security -> Administration -> Computer Management (you can quickly: Start menu -> right click on Computer -> select Management from the menu). In the window that opens, expand the Services and Applications group and open IIS Service Manager. In the Connections window, select the Sites folder, then in the right Actions window click on the Add FTP site link.
In the FTP site creation wizard, specify its name and location (by default c:\inetpub\ftproot).
Next, specify the binding and SSL parameters. I leave the binding section unchanged. I disable the “Start ftp site automatically” option (I only need ftp from time to time). In the SSL section, I select the “Without SSL” option.
In the next window, leave everything unchanged and click Finish.
The site has been created. Now you can move on to additional settings for fine-tuning (for example, limiting the maximum number of simultaneous connections). Select the newly created site, on the right in the Actions panel click on Additional options.
The next step is setting up the Windows Firewall. Open Control Panel -> System and Security -> Windows Firewall -> Advanced Settings. In the “Rules for incoming connections” section, find and activate “FTP server (incoming traffic)” and “FTP Server Passive (FTP Passive Traffic-In)”. The last rule allows the ftp client to connect in passive mode.
In the “Rules for outgoing connection” section, find and activate “FTP Server (FTP Traffic-Out)”.
If an additional firewall is installed on the system (Comodo, Outpost, etc.), then it also needs to open port 21 (TCP) for incoming connections and port 20 (TCP) for outgoing ones.
If you connect to the Internet using a router, and you want to make your server accessible to Internet users, then you need to configure port forwarding on the router. On my Dlink DI-804HV this is done in the Virtual Server section.
192.168.10.4 — IP address of the ftp server on the local network.
Setting up user rights.
If you leave everything as it is, then any user can connect to the FTP server (anonymous access is enabled) with read-only rights (you can download, but you cannot write or change files). Let's assume that we need to make access for trusted users who would have the rights to write and change files.
Open Control Panel -> System and Security -> Administrative Tools -> Computer Management (Start -> right click on Computer -> select Management from the menu). Next, expand the Local users and groups group (this setting is only available in the Business and Maximum editions). Right click on the Groups folder and select Create Group from the menu.
Enter the name of the group - FTP Users, a description (you don't have to enter it) and click the Create button.
Now you need to create a user. Right-click on the Users folder and select New User from the menu.
Enter the user name (for example ftp_user_1), password (at least 6 characters), check the boxes next to the options “Prohibit the user from changing the password” and “Password does not expire.”
The user has been created. Now you need to assign it the previously created group Ftp Users. To do this, open the user properties and go to the “Group Membership” tab. By default, a new user is assigned the Users group; delete it. Click the Add button -> Advanced -> Search. A list of user groups will open. Select the FTP Users group and click Ok. As a result we get:
Click Ok and move on to the next step.
At the stage of creating an ftp site, we needed to select a working directory (c:\inetpub\ftproot). Now you need to configure access rights to this directory for the FTP Users group. Open c:\inetpub in Explorer, open the properties of the ftproot folder, go to the Security tab and click the Edit button. In the window that opens, click the Add button and select the “FTP Users” group (as when creating a user). Set the permission level to “Full Control” and click OK.
Final stage. Open IIS Services Manager again and select our ftp server (Test FTP). In the FTP site control panel, select “FTP Authorization Rules”. Add an allowing rule. In the window that opens, select the “Specified roles or user groups” option. At the bottom in the text field, we manually write the name of our group (FTP Users), then check the boxes in the Permissions section opposite Read and Write and click OK.
This completes the setup.
At the beginning, we did not select the option to automatically start the server, so we do not forget to start it manually (right click on the site name -> Manage FTP site -> Start).
How to connect?
Option using Windows Explorer.
Open Computer (Vista, Win 7) or My Computer (XP).
For anonymous access, simply enter the server address (ftp://192.168.10.4) into the address bar.
To log in with a username and password, enter an address like: ftp://[username]:[password]@[ftp server address]. For example ftp://ftp_user_1: [email protected]— to connect from a local network. To connect from the Internet, replace the local address with an external one or with a domain name.
How to make your ftp server accessible from the Internet?
If the computer is connected directly to the Internet, then no additional actions need to be taken.
If the computer is connected to the Internet via a router, then in the control panel of the router you need to configure TCP 21 port forwarding (often called a virtual server). .
The most popular programs for implementing network connections when using a server on a small corporate or home network include a solution such as Filezilla Server. What are the features of setting up this program? What should you pay attention to when setting certain options in the corresponding program?
Filezilla Server: installing the program
Before considering how to configure Windows 8.1, which is necessary to ensure the functioning of Filezilla Server, it is necessary to study the installation features of the program in question. It is necessary to launch the distribution kit that is available to the user. After this, you need to select the optimal software installation mode: standard, full, interface only, FTP only or custom installation. The standard version offers installation of the software in question, with the participation of the user in all the main stages of installing the program. In general, the full version resembles the first one. It also involves copying the source code of the solution in question to a personal computer. The “FTP only” installation scheme involves installing only FTP modules without interfaces for organizing access to it from an administered personal computer. In this case, it becomes possible from a remote computer. The “interface only” installation scheme assumes installation with only the management interface. This can be used to gain access to a remote server. When using the “custom installation” option, various combinations of options are possible. The user can choose the optimal options in terms of ensuring the functioning of the network. Experts generally recommend choosing the standard program installation option. Here you need to select the directory in which the program will be installed. Next, you need to select a model for installing and running the server. There are three possible options:
— installing the server as a service and setting it to start when the computer boots;
— installing the server as a service and setting the program to be launched manually when loading the personal computer;
- use of simple installation when manually downloading software.
In general, when using the first option, FilezillaServer should not have any problems with functionality. The interface can be launched through three mechanisms:
— directly when the system boots for any user;
- when starting the operating system - for a specific user;
- in manual mode.
It will be useful to consider in more detail the criteria for choosing a particular interface loading model.
Installing Filezilla Server: choosing an interface boot model
This feature of the Filezilla Server software installation is of great importance in terms of protecting the server management modules from unauthorized access. Of course, when installing Filezilla Server, a firewall can be configured to minimize the likelihood of unauthorized connections to the network. Organization of access control directly to the computer should be considered as an equally significant aspect of security. If one user is working on a personal computer, then in all likelihood it will be possible to choose the first option for loading interfaces. If several people work on the computer, then in all likelihood the second option for loading interfaces will be more optimal. If you need to further increase the security of using the server, you can configure manual loading of interfaces. After the software in question is installed on the computer, the user will need to set the optimal IP address and port that is supposed to be used to organize access to the server. You must also set a program administrator password.
Filezilla Server: main program interfaces
The Filezilla Server software product, which is configured in several stages, consists of two main interfaces. One of them is the FTP server itself. It functions as an independent system module and cannot be configured through any user interface from an administered personal computer. If necessary, this module can be found in the list of functioning system services through the operating system control panel. Using the appropriate tool that is present in the Windows operating system, the FTP server can be started and stopped if, when installing the server, the option was selected in which its interfaces should be started in manual mode. However, as a rule, Filezilla Server starts automatically as part of the system service in question directly when the personal computer boots. The software in question is represented by an interface that is designed directly to control the main modules. As soon as it is launched, there will be a connection to the modules that perform server functions. When inactive, the program management interface window is minimized to the system tray, which is located near the operating system clock. Let's now look at how, in practice, the corresponding software is configured using the specified interfaces of the FilezillaServer program.
Setting up Filezilla Server: what to pay attention to first?
What should you pay attention to first when setting up the Filezilla Server program? In some cases, some software functions related to monitoring network processes may be useful for a network administrator. For example, through the program control panel you can view the contents of the network process log. Here the actions of certain users who connected to the server are recorded. This interface will display a list of specific personal computers that are in contact with the server. In this way, you can monitor how network traffic is distributed. Another feature of the Filezilla Server program is the ability to use the solution interfaces from other personal computers. To do this, you just need to set specific settings in the service, which by default blocks server management from third-party computers. Experts do not recommend making any changes to the Security Settings options of the software in question. The thing is that when you make adjustments to these settings, you can accidentally set unnecessary restrictions on incoming and outgoing network connections. In the Miscellaneous option, similarly, users will have access to settings that will not have much significance from the point of view of correctly configuring the server. Such settings include prohibiting the display of passwords in interfaces and the size of data transfer buffers. Ensuring the functionality of the network will hardly depend on making changes to the corresponding group of settings. You will also likely not need to configure the Kerberos GSS protocol using the GSS Settings interface. Using the Admin Interface Settings interface, the user can set the optimal IP address and port that will be used to gain access to the server management modules. Please keep in mind that setting up your router has nothing to do with this Filezilla Server option. A different IP is registered on the router. If you use the option we were talking about, you can configure the IP addresses from which computers can access the server. The administrator, when using the Logging option, can activate the recording of various operations within network connections in separate files, and also set a limit on the size of these files. The Speed Limits option, through which the administrator can limit the speed of file transfer between the PC and the server, can be very useful. The restriction in this case can be set permanently or on a schedule. There is another notable option in the Filezilla Server program that allows you to save traffic volumes - Filetransfer compression. It is worth noting that this function can activate the minimum or maximum degree of file compression. You can also register IP addresses, for requests from which traffic compression will not be used.
Filezilla Server: Key Settings
Let's now take a closer look at how the most popular parameters of the Filezilla Server program are set. Setting up the program usually starts from the General Settings page. The software interface is in English. If the user selects this option, he can, for example, change the standard port for connection to some other one. Another setting option is to set the optimal number of users who can connect to the server with the software in question. The corresponding software interfaces also allow you to define settings to terminate communication with a personal computer that cannot correctly connect to the network.
Filezilla Server: IP Configuration
The next important point of the Filezilla Server program is setting up an FTP server in terms of registering IP addresses. In this case, we will talk about using the IP Bindings setting. Setting up an FTP server using this option of the Filezilla Server program can be done by specifying IP addresses through which other computers will connect to the administered one. The user has the opportunity to configure access to the server for personal computers that are located within the local network, or in a certain way to expand the powers of other computers. If you use the IP Filter setting, you can configure specific IP addresses, as well as a range of certain addresses from which it will not be possible to connect to the server. If necessary, you can set certain exceptions.
Passive mode settings
Another notable option in Filezilla Server is the passive mode setting. To do this, the user will need to enable the Passivemode option in the interface of the program in question. Thus, the corresponding setting generates the parameters that are necessary to ensure a passive connection to the administered server. If you make adjustments to some Filezilla Server settings, you may need to configure your router. For example, TP Link and other popular router manufacturers allow you to enter the necessary parameters into the software of the corresponding device. It is important, of course, that the router supports the firewall and NAT functions to enable many of the necessary options. The user will most likely need to specify a specific IP address, which is assigned by the provider. You can find out if you use the router's software interfaces. This problem can be solved successfully regardless of the operating system on which Filezilla Server is installed. Configuring the Windows 7 operating system in terms of gaining access to the appropriate addresses will occur in the same way as if it were a Windows 8.1 operating system. In practice, making adjustments to the IP address settings in most cases is required if there are certain problems with connecting certain personal computers to the server.
Filezilla Server: Server Security Settings
Let's look at setting up security for using server connections. In order to optimize the corresponding parameters of Filezilla Server, we will need to configure SSL. It is carried out through the SSL/TLS Settings interface. In this case, you must activate support for the corresponding protocols. As a rule, it is necessary to record the address of the private key, certificate, and password in the settings. It is worth noting that in practice such options are usually used by experienced system administrators. In general, you do not need to configure SSL when adjusting the default settings. You can also increase server security by filtering unsuccessful user connections.
Filezilla Server: setting up accounts
Another important group of settings for the software in question is related to the registration of user accounts. To create a new account, you need to select the Edit menu item, and then select the Users option. Next, you can work with user accounts. To add a new account, select Add. Then enter the user name, and, if necessary, the group to which the computer should belong. When the necessary settings are completed, you will need to set a password for the created account. You can also activate a limit on the number of connections to the server. Experts advise setting a password for accounts whenever possible, although in principle you can do without it. Technologically, this problem is solved quite simply, especially considering the versatility of the Filezilla Server program. Configuring Windows 7 for access to an external network and setting the necessary options in the Windows 8.1 operating system are performed using the same algorithms.
Filezilla Server: Configuring Folder Sharing
Another notable option in Filezilla Server is setting up folder sharing. For this purpose, you need to use the Share Folders module. To select directories to which you want to organize access, you must click on the Add button, and then select the desired item on the disk. The list of access rights to a particular folder is set in the same way. It is possible to configure operations such as writing, reading, deleting and making changes to files located in a particular directory.
FTP servers are rare guests on a home computer. But sometimes there is a need for them: to organize shared access to files for computers that cannot be connected to a local network, to “raise” a small website with file storage or a home media server. The tasks of flashing or restoring after “bricking” various network equipment, media players and set-top boxes stand apart. Solving these problems requires mastering the principles of FTP. The cost of a wrong decision can be high, so it is important to study the material carefully.
FTP, TFTP servers: description, operation, configuration
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the oldest computer protocols, which began to be used to receive/transmit data over a distance. Servers using it were actively used long before the advent of the Internet. The protocol has now been modified to use TCP/IP channels. The protocol uses a client-server architecture, that is, one program is used to organize the server, and another is used for uploading and downloading.
How to start an FTP server via Golden FTP Server
Configuring and setting up an FTP server using Windows 7 is a reliable, but slow method that requires a large number of skilled actions. If you need a server “for yesterday”, but don’t want to bother with instructions and settings, then a good option would be to use the compact and very simple Golden FTP Server program. It exists in the form of free and professional versions, although for domestic use the first option will be quite sufficient. Despite the modest size of the distribution, the program has a number of advantages:
- ease of setup and small size of installation files;
- using the full speed of the Internet channel. Although this may be a drawback, since when 50–100 users connect at the same time, the program will destroy the channel along with the corporate network;
- ability to resume downloading files when the connection is lost. To take advantage of this feature, you need to use an FTP client that also supports file resuming;
- Russified interface by default.
After downloading and installing the distribution, configure the program to start the FTP server.
The address obtained using Golden FTP Server is only accessible within the network. If you need to provide access to the server via the Internet, you will have to set routes and port forwarding through the router’s web interface.
For ease of use and configuration, you will have to pay for the extremely low level of security of such a server. Use servers created in this way only on your home network, without giving them access from the Internet.
How to open an FTP server in Explorer
Already with the ancient Windows 98, the operating system blurred the boundaries between the “File Explorer” and the Internet browser. Explorer allowed you to open pages directly in your window, but this required turning on Active Desktop, which was unreliable at that time, so the mechanism was not particularly widespread in those days. Technologies have not stood still, and now you can safely access an FTP server by entering its address in Explorer:
You should not download large files, since Explorer does not support resuming data when the session is interrupted. Use FTP clients with the ability to resume downloading for this.
What to do if the FTP server does not open
The inability to access the FTP server may be due to several reasons, related both to the settings of the computer itself and to policies within the corporate network.
Table: common causes of FTP server access errors and their solutions
| Cause | Possible Solution |
| Incorrect username or password (no password) used to attempt to access the resource. | Please try again with the correct password pair. Please be aware that many corporate FTP resources do not support guest login. |
| Access is carried out using a third-party program that is not added to the firewall exceptions list, and it blocks outgoing client requests. | Add the client program to the firewall exception table. |
| Port 21 TCP/IP, through which FTP resources are accessed by default, is blocked by the router settings. Alternatively, the server can be configured to work with a different port. You need to find out from the resource administrator which one. | Using your router's web administration panel, change its settings to allow it to work with port 21 or another port that is used by the server. |
| The promotional tariff plan of your Internet provider does not allow you to work with a number of Internet protocols, including FTP. | Take care of a more expensive tariff plan. Many providers provide the features necessary to run an FTP server (static address, permission for incoming requests, scripts) only in expensive corporate plans. |
How to configure and launch an FTP server using the built-in tools of Windows 7 OS
There are many software packages you can download from the Internet to create FTP servers. But first, try to configure the server using the built-in capabilities of the operating system. Web server creation tools integrated into the distribution are available in Windows 7 Basic and higher.
If you have Windows 7 Home edition or Starter installed, you will have to use third-party software packages or upgrade the operating system to Windows 7 Basic or higher.
The given instructions will allow you to go through all the stages of starting an FTP server step by step. During the setup process, you may need a distribution package of your installed OS on optical media or a flash drive. You will also need to log in to the OS as a user with administrator rights.
- Open Control Panel and select Small Icons in the View setting.
- Go to the "Programs and Features" section, then to the "Turn Windows features on or off" subsection.
Go to the “Programs and Features” section - there is a subsection “Turn Windows features on or off” - Check the checkboxes:
- Click "OK" and wait for the process to complete.
Wait for the components installation process to complete - Go to the "Administration" section of the "Control Panel".
The “Administration” section contains tools for setting up the server - Select the Internet Information Services Manager tool.
Open Internet Information Services Manager - this is the main element of the FTP server - Go to the "sites" tab.
In Internet Information Services Manager, go to the Sites tab - Right-click on the “sites” tab and select the “Add FTP site” action from the drop-down menu.
From the context menu of the “sites” tab, select the action “Add FTP site” - Specify the name of the future FTP site and the path to the directory whose contents you are going to distribute from the FTP server.
By default, the “Physical path” field contains the path C:\inetpub\ftproot - you can change it to your own - Click "Next" and specify the parameters for launching the FTP site. If you do not want the site to launch automatically when you turn on the computer, then uncheck the “Launch FTP site automatically” checkbox.
Configure FTP server startup options - In the SSL section, select "Without SSL". Click Next, then click Finish.
In the Authentication and Authorization Information window, simply click Finish - You have successfully created an FTP site. Now go to Control Panel>Firewall>Advanced Settings>Inbound Rules.
- Select and activate the FTP Server Passive (FTP Passive Traffic-In) and “FTP Server (incoming traffic)” items.
To activate a rule, place the cursor on it and click the “Enable Rule” button in the right menu - Go to the "Rules for outgoing connections" section and enable the FTP Server (FTP Traffic-Out) rule.
Activate the FTP Server (FTP Traffic-Out) rule in the “Rules for outgoing connections” section - Go to "Control Panel">"Administrative Tools">"Computer Management">"Local Users">"Groups". Right-click on the “Groups” option and select the “Create Group” action.
Create a group of users who can access your FTP server - Specify the name of the FTP group and click “Create”.
Create a name for the user group - Right-click on the “Users” section and select the “New User” action from the context menu.
Create users to be included in your group - Enter your username and password (at least 8 characters). We recommend checking the “Prohibit the user from changing the password” and “Password does not expire” checkboxes. Click the "Create" button.
Set user authorization parameters (name, password), enable or disable available options - Right-click on the created user and select the “Properties” action, then go to the “Group Membership” tab. Click Add.
In the properties of the user you created, on the “Group Membership” tab, click the “Add” button - Enter the name of the group you created in the text field and click Check Names.
Don't forget to click the "Check Names" button after entering the group name in the text field - Go to Control Panel>Administrative Tools>IIS Manager. In the “Connections” section, place the cursor on your FTP site and click the “FTP Authorization Rules” icon.
Place the cursor on your FTP site in the “Connections” menu, then click the “FTP Authorization Rules” icon - Click "Add Allow Rule".
Click the “Add Allow Rule” action for your FTP site - Select the Specified Roles or User Groups option and type your group name in the text box. Check the “Read” and “Write” checkboxes. Click OK.
Enter the name of your group and check the “Read” and “Write” checkboxes - If you want to allow access to all users, then click “Add Allowing Rule” again and select “All Anonymous Users.” Check the “Reading” checkbox only.
If required, add the right to download files from your FTP server to all users - Now click on the FTP Authentication icon.
Click the FTP Authentication icon - Right-click on the “Anonymous Access” mode and select the “Enable” action. Now everyone can connect to the FTP server.
Enable anonymous access so that all users can access your FTP server - Click the FTP Logging icon.
Click the FTP Logging icon - In the window that opens, configure logging.
Set up logging for your FTP server
To work with the created server, you can use one of the many FTP clients or just Windows Explorer. Don’t forget to configure port forwarding in your router and create routes if you need to provide access to the server via the Internet.
Connecting an FTP resource folder to a network drive in Windows
Many users find it more convenient to work with a regular system disk, which is displayed in Explorer. Not everyone welcomes third-party disk management programs. To get such a disk, you need to mount the FTP folder and associate it with the logical disk. You can do this in two ways:
- through "Explorer";
- through a special console utility ftpuse.
Mounting an FTP resource using Windows Explorer
Mounting an FTP resource using the ftpuse console utility
Unfortunately, an FTP resource mounted as a network drive using Explorer will only be visible in Explorer. If you need access to such a disk through a file manager or from the command line, you will have to use a special utility ftpuse.
ftpuse is distributed completely free of charge. After downloading and installing, the utility is available from any open command processor window. To ensure that the network drive remains connected even after closing such a window, the utility must be used in conjunction with the PowerShell program. After installing the utility, it is accessible from the command line or PowerShell processor. 
Using the ftpuse utility, you can configure console access to the FTP server as to a network drive
The PowerShell processor has been part of the OS since Windows 7 SP1. If you do not have the service pack installed, you will have to download the shell installation file from the Microsoft website.
Table: ftpuse utility commands that allow you to configure access to an FTP resource
| devicename | Specifies the name of the logical drive under which the network resource will be mounted in the OS. |
| ftphostname | Specifies the name or address of the server to connect to. |
| remotepath | The network folder that will be used by the root directory of the mounted logical drive. |
| password | Sets the access password. |
| /user | The name of the user who connects to the server. |
| /nopassive | Sets the active operating mode. |
| /owneraccessonly | The network drive is visible only to the program from which the ftpuse utility is launched. |
| /port | You can set an arbitrary TCP port address used for data exchange with the server. By default this is port 21. |
| /hide | Runs the utility in the background, no messages are displayed on the screen. |
| /debug | The utility operates in debugging mode. |
| /delete | Deletes the current session, disconnects from the server and unmounts the disk. |
Examples of the ftpuse utility working
Here are some examples of using the ftpuse commands to configure the server as a local disk:
- ftpuse F: ftp.abrris.com - this is how we create a logical drive F: in the system, associated with the ftp server ftp.abrris.com;
- ftpuse F: ftp.abrris.com /USER:junkers 1944 - connect the authorized user junkers with password 1944 to the server ftp.abrris.com;
- ftpuse F: /delete - disconnect drive F: and disconnect from the server.
An FTP resource connected using the ftpuse utility will always be displayed in Explorer with a disk capacity of one gigabyte. This is not a bug, but a feature of the utility. However, a disk connected using Explorer will not display its capacity at all.
How to set up an FTP server
On the Internet you can download a large number of ready-made distribution kits, which, after unpacking and simple configuration, will deploy a ready-made FTP server on your computer. There are both commercial and free products that are not inferior in capabilities to the former. Below we will look at two free solutions that have long become an industry standard among computer enthusiasts and small firms. 
Even a non-professional can handle running a server for the needs of a small office or apartment building
FileZilla Server - flexible, productive and secure
FileZilla Server is the development of the team that created the famous FireFox browser. It is distinguished by a huge number of settings, the availability of versions for 32 and 64-bit operating systems, and the possibility of remote administration. And for this entire range of possibilities you don’t have to pay a penny. Installing and configuring the server is divided into several simple steps. The program exists on many platforms, and if you have learned how to configure such a server in a Windows environment, then with minimal differences you can do the same in Linux or MAC OS.
Installing FireZilla Server
- After downloading the installation file, run it and then follow the prompts of the installation wizard.
- Read and accept the license agreement.
Accept the license agreement to continue the installation process - Select the required installation type (we recommend standard type):
- Decide on the folder in which the program will be installed and proceed to selecting the FireZilla Server autostart method (we recommend the first option):
- Now specify the port for the server interface. Leaving the default value 14147 is not recommended for security reasons.
- The final stage of installation will be to select the type of launch of your server interface (we recommend the first option):
- Start the installation process by clicking the Install button.
Server Tuning
Once you have successfully installed the server software package, restart your computer and launch the FireZilla Server program.
- In the dialog box that appears, specify the server address and port. You do not need to enter a password when connecting for the first time. This connection will only be possible from the computer on which the server software components are installed. It will not be possible to reach the server from another machine, since the address 127.0.0.1:14147 is only used for local connections.
Enter the server address and port to connect - In the Settings section of the Edit menu there are numerous settings that will allow you to configure the software package properly.
Go to FileZilla Server settings - On the General Settings tab you can change the primary settings:
- For the convenience of users, you can configure a text greeting in the Welcome message section, which the client program will show to the user upon successful connection to the server. Using metacharacters, you can configure the output of service information to the client window.
In the Welcome message section you can configure a welcome message and display of service information for users - In the IP bindings section, specify the range of IP addresses from which users can access the server. This settings section allows you to organize access to the resource only from the local network or even from one segment of it.
Limit the range of addresses from which your server can be accessed - Configure address filtering in the IP Filter section: a “white” list is specified in the upper text field, and a “black” list in the lower one.
Fill in the white and black lists of IP addresses - Configure logging in the Logging section. Log files can be created anew every day or all statistics will be written in one.
Set up FileZilla Server logging in the Logging section - In the Speed Limits section you can limit the bandwidth available to the server. You can set global restrictions, or by calendar and even individual hours. The unit of measurement is kilobyte.
If necessary, you can configure bandwidth limits in the Speed Limits section - In the Filetransfer compression section you can configure file compression when downloading. But we recommend leaving the default settings.
It is better not to make changes to the Filetransfer compression settings section - It's time to set up user accounts that will be allowed access to your server resources. Go to the Users section of the Edit menu to open the user management interface.
You can add a new user in the Users section of the Edit menu - Click the Add button to add a new user, give him a login and indicate his group membership.
For a new user, set a login and indicate which group he belongs to - For the created user, set a password and a limit on the number of connections to your server.
Configure the user password and the allowed number of connections to the server - On the Share Folders tab, you can configure user access to certain resources on your server. To do this, select the Shared folders tab and click the Add button.
Don’t confuse the Add buttons: to add folders, you need to click the Add button that is highlighted in the picture - Select a folder on the disk, and use the options on the left side of the window to set the necessary access rights:
- read only - read;
- write - write;
- deletion - delete;
- changing files in a folder - append.
This completes the initial setup. The server is ready for use, and the security settings meet the criteria for home use or a small office network.
Video: installing and configuring FileZilla Server step by step
TFTP - server for small needs
Among the types of FTP and programs for working with them, TFTP stands out - this is an extremely simplified version of FTP. The lack of traffic protection mechanisms and even user authentication does not allow using TFTP for exchanging files over the Internet.
But it is ideally suited for uploading firmware and firmware to routers, digital TV set-top boxes, tablets and smartphones. The bootloader for such devices contains a TFTP client that will allow you to download and install software into the device, even if it is in emergency mode due to damaged firmware. 
The main application of the TFTP protocol is flashing wireless routers via the recovery console
Install TFTP server on your computer:
- Download the program distribution kit:
- tftpd32 if you have a 32-bit OS;
- tftpd64 if you have a 64-bit OS.
- Install the program in one of two options: a standard application or a system service.
- If you chose to install the service, restart your computer when the installation process is complete.
The server does not require any special settings, but after starting it, make sure that all the settings on the TFTP tab look like in the picture. 
This is what the default settings of the tftpd32 utility look like
To download files from the server or to upload to the server via the command line, use the following commands:
- tftp 192.168.1.10 GET file_name.txt - to receive a file from the server;
- tftp 192.168.1.10 PUT file_name.txt - to send a file to the server.
To work with the TFTP client in Windows 7, it must be installed through the “System Components” dialog. In older versions of the OS, the client is available without additional steps.
The TFTP client is added using the System Components dialog box Video: working with a TFTP server - emergency recovery of router firmware
Client programs for connecting to FTP servers
Client programs perform functions such as:
- connection to FTP servers;
- resuming files when the connection is lost;
- connection logging;
- storing many settings for different servers;
- group operations with files;
- search by servers.
Client programs also have a built-in editor that allows you to use the program as a full-fledged website builder.
Total Commander
Perhaps the most popular file manager for Windows OS. It contains a built-in FTP client that allows you to work with a remote server as with a regular logical drive. The program is shareware, and before purchasing a license, it will constantly remind the user that it would be nice to finally buy it. The functionality is not affected. 
Total Commander has a built-in FTP client
FAR
Like Total Commander, this program is a multifunctional two-panel file manager. It is much more ascetic in interface design (works in text mode), but it is cross-platform - available for half a dozen different operating systems. The FTP client is built into the distribution, and you can start working with sites without installing add-ons. An undoubted advantage is that the program is free. Activation of the FTP client is carried out using the plugin manager, but this is a very simple and intuitive procedure that will not cause difficulties even for a novice user. 
FAR will be able to work with FTP servers on any operating system
Another free client program from the creators of the Mozilla and Firefox browsers. It is simple and accessible to the user thanks to its laconic interface and excellent Russification. There are versions of FireZilla for Windows, Linux, Mac OS and even Andriod. 
FileZilla - FTP client from the creators of the world famous FireFox browser
Among the features that distinguish it from competing programs are:
- support for a large number of protocols;
- resuming file downloads when the connection is lost and support for working with large files;
- cross-platform;
- ability to maintain bookmarks;
- support for dragging files (drag & drop technology);
- flexible transmission speed settings and the ability to reserve part of the Internet channel;
- editing files directly on the server;
- remote file search.
The free FTPRush program's interface has much in common with Microsoft Office products and is configured in a similar way. Among the highlights it is worth noting:
- the ability to transfer files from server to server without downloading to a computer;
- high-quality implementation of a two-panel interface;
- built-in download manager with configurable download list.
FTPRush should appeal to MS Office users It is better to work with the English version of the interface, since the quality of Russian localization leaves much to be desired.
CoffeCup Free FTP is a client for the most undemanding and inexperienced users; it allows you to download and upload files with just one click. The paucity of settings is more than compensated by the intuitive interface, high-quality localization and the free nature of the program. However, the program supports a full two-panel mode and the ability to transfer files from server to server without prior downloading, and also has a simple HTML editor on board. 
With the CoffeeCup Free FTP client you don't have to worry about settings
Creating an FTP server is an easy way to get file storage on your desktop with multiple access capabilities. A large number of programs and the relative ease of setup make this method very popular. Dedicate one computer purely for the server and do not store any other data on it other than what should be on the server. And even in this case, two to three dozen users simultaneously accessing your resource can almost completely drain the Internet channel. And the provider will unobtrusively offer to change the tariff plan to corporate. If you need file storage with simultaneous access by a large number of users, then place the FTP server on a commercial hosting service. Or use ready-made file-sharing portals, for example, Google Drive or DropBox.
Abbreviation FTP comes from English F ile T transfer P rotocol (file transfer protocol) is an application layer protocol for exchanging files over the TCP/IP transport protocol between two computers, an FTP client and an FTP server. This is one of the oldest, and yet still actively used protocol.The FTP protocol is designed to solve the following problems:
The FTP server waits for connections from FTP clients on TCP port 21 and, after establishing a connection, accepts and processes FTP commands, which are regular text strings. The commands define connection parameters, the type of data transferred, and actions in relation to files and directories. After agreeing on the transmission parameters, one of the exchange participants enters passive mode, waiting for incoming connections for the data exchange channel, and the second establishes a connection to this port and begins transmission. Once the transfer is complete, the data connection is closed, but the control connection remains open, allowing you to continue the FTP session and create a new data transfer session.
The FTP protocol can be used not only to transfer data between a client and a server, but also between two servers. In this case, the FTP client establishes a control connection with both FTP servers, switches one of them to passive mode, and the second to active, creating a data transfer channel between them.
An FTP client is a program that connects to an FTP server and performs the necessary operations to view the contents of the server's directories and receive, transfer, and delete files or folders. Such a program can be a regular browser, operating system components, or specially developed software products, such as a popular download manager. Download Master or multifunctional free FileZilla FTP Client.
The FTP protocol was developed back in the days when the client and server interacted directly, without any intermediate transformations of TCP packets, and in standard mode it assumes the ability to create a TCP connection not only at the initiative of the client, but also at the initiative of the server from TCP port 20 on TCP - client port, the number of which is transmitted during the creation of a data session.
The realities of today are such that such a TCP connection from server to client is in the vast majority of cases impossible, or very difficult to implement due to the fact that in most cases, network address translation technology is used to connect to the Internet NAT(Network Address Translation) when the client does not have a network interface available to create a direct TCP connection from the Internet. A typical diagram of a standard Internet connection looks like this:
Internet connection is made through a special device - Router(router with NAT function) that has at least two network ports - one connected to the provider’s network, having a network interface with a routed IP address (the so-called “white IP”), for example 212.248.22.144, and a port with a network interface for connecting local network devices with a private, non-routable IP address, for example 192.168.1.1 (“gray IP”). When creating connections from local network network devices to external network nodes, IP packets are sent to the router, which performs address and port translation so that the sender's address becomes his white IP address. The translation results are saved and when a response packet is received, a reverse address translation is performed. Thus, the router ensures the forwarding of TCP/IP packets from any local network devices to external networks and the return forwarding of received response packets. But in cases where a packet that is not related to TCP response packets is received at the input of a network interface connected to the provider’s network, the following reaction options are possible for the router software:
The packet is ignored because there is no network service to process it.
The packet is received and processed by the network service of the router itself, if such a service exists and is waiting for an incoming connection (“listening”) on the port whose number is indicated in the received packet.
The packet is forwarded to a server on the local network that expects this type of incoming connections in accordance with the port mapping rules specified in the router settings.
Therefore, at present, the main mode of operation using the FTP protocol has become the so-called “passive mode”, in which TCP connections are made only from the client to the TCP port of the server. The active mode is used in cases where it is possible to connect TCP from the server to client ports, for example, when they are on the same local network. The FTP connection mode is selected using special commands:
PASV- the client sends a command to perform data exchange in passive mode. The server will return the address and port to which you need to connect to receive or transmit data. Example of a fragment of an FTP session with passive mode set:
PASSV- command to switch to passive mode transmitted by the FTP client to the FTP server
227 Entering Passive Mode (212,248,22,144,195,89)- FTP server response, where 227 is the response code, a text message about switching to passive mode and in brackets the IP address and port number that will be used to create a data transmission channel. The address and port number are displayed as decimal numbers separated by a comma. The first 4 numbers are the IP address (212.248.22.144), the remaining 2 numbers specify the port number, which is calculated by the formula - the first number is multiplied by 256 and the second number is added to the result, in this example the port number is 195 * 256 +89 = 50017
PORT Client IP address port number- the client sends a command to establish a session in active mode. The IP address and port number are specified in the same format as in the previous example, for example PORT 212.248.22.144,195,89 To organize data transfer, the server itself connects to the client on the specified port.
Installing and configuring FileZilla FTP Server.
You can download the FileZilla Server installation package for your version of the operating system at
The server installation is performed in the standard way, with the exception of the item with the selection of server control panel settings:
This is the main server management tool through which all necessary settings are made. By default, the control panel operates on a loopback interface without password access. If necessary, for example, if remote control of the FTP server is required, these settings can be changed.
Once the installation is complete, an invitation window will open to connect to the server:
After entering the IP address, port number and password (if you specified them during the installation process), the FileZilla Server control panel opens:
At the top of the window there is the main menu and control panel buttons. Below there are two areas - server information messages and statistical information. Overall, FileZilla Servver's FTP control panel is quite simple and easy to use. Main menu items:
File- operating modes of the FTP server control panel. Contains sub-items
- Connect to Server- connect to the server
- Disconnect- disconnect from the server
- Quit- shutdown of the control panel.
Server- FTP server management. Contains subparagraphs:
- Active- start/stop FTP server. If the checkbox is checked, the FTP server is started, if unchecked, it is stopped.
- Lock- prohibit/allow connections to the server. When the checkbox is checked, new connections to the server are prohibited.
Edit- editing settings. Sub-items:
- Settings- basic server settings.
- Users- FTP server user settings
- Groups- user group settings.
As an example, let's configure the server for the following conditions:
Solving the problem of dynamic IP address.
This problem does not require a solution in cases where, when connecting to the Internet, a static IP address is used, or a dynamic one, but in accordance with the provider’s settings, it is almost always the same. Otherwise, you can use a technology called Dynamic DNS (DDNS) . This technology allows you to update the IP address information on the DNS server almost in real time, and access the router (and services behind it) by the registered name, without paying attention to changes in the dynamic IP.
To implement this technology for free, you will need to register with some dynamic DNS service and install client software to update the DNS record if the corresponding IP address changes. Dynamic DNS support is usually provided by network equipment manufacturers (D-Link, Zyxel, etc.), some hosting and specialized companies, such as the well-known DynDNS. However, after in the second half of 2014, all services that were provided to registered users free of charge for non-commercial use became paid, the most popular solution, perhaps, was the use of dynamic DNS based on the service No-IP.org, which provides free support services for 2 nodes with dynamic IP. To use the service for free, you will need to register and periodically (approximately once a month) visit the site to update information about the dynamic IP nodes used. If you skip updating the node data, the service is suspended, and accordingly, it will become impossible to connect to the node by name. When using the service for a fee, no update is required.
Almost all modern routers (modems) have built-in support for a dynamic DNS client. Its setup is usually very simple - you fill in the fields with the user name and password, as well as the host name received when registering with the DDNS service. Example for Zyxel P660RU2
Using the DDNS client built into the router/modem is preferable to the DNS data update utility running in the OS environment, since it allows you to implement additional capabilities, such as managing the router via the Internet when the computer is turned off and remotely turning on the power supply to computers behind NAT using technology Wake On Lan.
In those cases where it is not possible to use the built-in DDNS client, you will have to make do with application software - a client program for supporting dynamic DNS. Such a program periodically connects to a server that maintains a registered domain name associated with the router through which the Internet connection is made, and calls the IP update procedure when it changes. The server settings are made in such a way that the comparison of the DNS name and the IP address of the Internet connection is completed in a very short time, and the dynamic nature of the address has virtually no effect on the performance of services associated with the DNS name.
The procedure is as follows:
We go to the website No-IP.org. To work with an existing or new account, use the button "Sign In"(top right side of the page).
Create, if it has not yet been created, your account - click "Create Account". The registration form changes periodically, but it is mandatory to enter the desired username, password and your E-mail. An email with a link to confirm registration is sent to the e-mail specified during registration. When registering, select free access - click the button Free Sign Up after filling out all the required form fields. After successful registration, log into the site and add an entry for your node - click the button "Add Hosts"
In fact, you only need to enter the selected host name, in this case - myhost8.ddns.net. There is no need to change any other parameters. Then you need to download and install special software - Dynamic Update Client(DUC), the link to which is located on the main page of the site. After the installation of DUC is completed, it will launch and an authorization window will open, where you need to enter the username or E-mail and password received when registering on the no-ip.org website. Then press the button Edit Hosta and check the box next to the previously created host name (myhost8.ddns.net). Now, the selected host name will always correspond to the “white IP address” of your Internet connection. If you are having trouble updating your IP address, check to see if your DUC client's network activity is being blocked by a firewall.
Setting up an FTP server
Using non-standard port numbers for an FTP server is not at all necessary if the provider does not use traffic filtering, or you do not care about scanning ports for vulnerabilities and trying to guess passwords. In this article, the use of an FTP server with non-standard TCP ports is presented as one of the possible options.
FileZilla Server settings are made through the "Edit" - "Settings" menu
Window General Settings intended for general FTP server settings.
In the "Listen on this port" field you can specify the port number for incoming TCP connections. By default, this field is set to 21 , and to use a non-standard number you need to specify the selected value, for example - 12321 . Using a non-standard TCP port has some inconvenience, since it requires specifying its value when creating a session:
If the server is planned to be used both with access from the Internet and on the local network, it makes sense to leave the standard value 21, and use a non-standard port number for connections from the Internet, setting up redirection of packets arriving on port 12321 of the router to port 21 of the FTP server in local network. With this setup, there is no need to specify a port number for FTP sessions within the local network.
Other parameters are for tuning performance and session timeouts. They can be left unchanged. The remaining sections of general settings can also be left as default:
Welcome Message- text that is sent to the client upon connection.
IP Binding- on which network interface client connections will be expected. By default - on any, but you can specify a specific one, for example - 192.168.1.3.
IP Filter- setting up filtering rules for client IP addresses. By default, connections are allowed for any IP.
Chapter Passive mode settings serves to configure passive FTP mode and will require changing almost all default parameters.
The port numbers that will be used to transmit data in passive mode must be set manually, since the router will need to be configured to redirect it to the network interface that the server is listening to. Therefore, you need to check the box to enable the "Use custom port range" mode and set the range - for example, from 50000 before 50020 . The number of ports the server listens to determines the limit on the number of simultaneous data transfer sessions.
Subsection IPv4 specific defines the IP address that will be sent by the server in response to the PASV command. In this case, it should not be the server’s own IP 192.168.1.3, but the “white IP” of our Internet connection. Therefore, you need to set the “Use the following IP” mode and instead of the IP address, enter the name received when registering with the dynamic DNS service - myhost8.ddns.net. As an alternative, you can use the mode for determining the external IP address using the FileZilla project by turning on. "Retrieve external IP Address from:". This option can be selected in cases where it is not possible to use the dynamic DNS tool. If you intend to use an FTP server on your local network, you need to set the mode to "Don"t use external IP for local connections" (do not use an external IP address for connections within the local network)
The rest of the server settings can be left unchanged or, if necessary, performed later: Security settings- Security Settings. By default, connections that can be used to implement DDoS attacks are prohibited
Miscellaneous- settings for buffer sizes and other log parameters and some FTP commands.
Admin Interface settings- server control panel settings. You can specify the network interface, listening port number, IP addresses from which connections to the control panel are allowed, and a password.
Logging- server event log settings. By default, writing to the file is not performed.
Speed Limit- data transfer rate limit settings. By default - no restrictions.
Filetransfer compression- settings for file compression during transfer. The default is no compression.
SSL/TLS settings enabling encryption mode for transmitted data. The default is no encryption.
Autoban- enable automatic blocking of users who select a password to connect. By default, automatic blocking is disabled.
Setting up port forwarding and firewall
In order for the FTP server to be accessible from the Internet, it is necessary to configure the router in such a way that incoming connections coming to certain TCP ports on the external interface are redirected to the TCP ports listened to by the FTP server on the internal network. For different router models, the settings may differ in terminology, but their meaning is the same - a TCP packet with a specific port number received on the external (WAN) interface is sent to the local network to the desired IP address and port. Example of settings for the D-Link DIR-320NRU router for port forwarding used for passive FTP mode:
Packets received on an interface with a "white IP" and having port numbers in the range 50000-50020 will be redirected to the IP address specified in the "Internal IP" field (in our case - 192.168.1.3). Similarly, a redirection is created for port 50021 if you changed the standard port number, or to port 21 of the FTP server if you left it unchanged.
After applying these settings, the FTP server will be accessible via URL ftp://myhost8.ddns.net:50021 or, for a connection within a local network:
ftp://192.168.1.3- if you did not change the default port number (21) in the FTP server settings.
ftp://192.168.1.3:50021- if a non-standard port number is used.
You can use a computer name instead of an IP address if it can be resolved to an IP address
ftp://comp1
ftp://comp1.mydomain.ru
Diagnosis of problems
If the connection to the FTP server does not occur, then there may be problems with the firewall blocking the connections necessary for the operation of the created FTP server. If you use the built-in Windows firewall, you must add a rule that allows network activity for the "FileZilla FTP server" service. If you are using a third-party firewall or antivirus with traffic filtering, you must create a corresponding rule using the available settings tools to allow network connections. Options are possible when settings are made to allow any network activity of a specific program, or to allow selected addresses and ports that apply to all programs.
The best place to start diagnostics is on the FTP server itself. As a diagnostic tool, you can use a standard telnet client(utility telnet.exe) . All firewalls do not block connections on the loopback interface, and to check that the server settings are correct, you can connect to it by entering the command:
telnet localhost 21- if a standard port number is used.
telnet localhost 50021- if the standard port number has been changed.
When this command is executed, a connection to the FTP server is made via the loopback interface and a server invitation (Welcome Message) should be displayed in the telnet window. If this does not happen, the server may be stopped, there is a port conflict, or port 21 (50021) is not listening. For diagnostics you can use the command netstat:
netstat –nab
The command line options mean:
n- use numeric port numbers and IP addresses
a- display all connections and listening ports
b- display the names of programs involved in creating connections.
Example of displayed command results:
Active connections
Name Local address External address Status
TCP 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
RpcSs
In a collumn Local address there is a meaning 0.0.0.0:21 , which indicates that the program named FileZilla Server.exe listening (state LISTENING) TCP port number 21 on all network interfaces. If a specific interface and a different port number were specified in the FTP server settings, then this value will contain IP:port, For example - 192.168.1.3:50021
To display results in page mode, you can use the command:
netstat -nab | more
Or use search results by port number: netstat -nab | find ":21"
If the server is unavailable on a non-loopback interface, but accessible on a loopback interface, you need to understand the firewall settings.
Setting up users and groups.
Setting up users and groups is done through the menu "Edit" - "Users" ("Groups"). It is not necessary to create groups, but sometimes it is convenient in cases where there are a large number of users and their rights in relation to the FTP server differ. The settings for both groups and users are almost identical:
This example shows the result of adding an FTP server user named user1 having full rights to write, read, delete and merge files, as well as to view the contents, delete and create subdirectories in the directory C:\ftp\public
On the page General user properties are added, deleted, and changed.
On the page Shared Folders settings are made that determine the list of file system directories that will be used by the FTP server to provide access to them via the FTP protocol. Each user or group of users can be given their own directory with certain rights in relation to its contents.
On the page Speed limits You can set restrictions on data exchange speed.
On the page IP Filter You can set filtering rules for the user's IP address, indicating the addresses from which connection to the server is prohibited or allowed.
List of basic FTP commands
ABOR - Abort file transfer
CDUP - Change directory to a higher one.
CWD - Change current directory.
DELE - Delete a file (DELE filename).
HELP - Displays a list of commands accepted by the server.
LIST - Returns a list of files in a directory. The list is transmitted via the data connection (port 20).
MDTM - Returns the file modification time.
MKD - Create a directory.
NLST - Returns a list of files in a directory in a shorter format than LIST. The list is transmitted via the data connection (port 20).
NOOP - Empty operation
PASV - Enter passive mode. The server will return the address and port to which you need to connect to collect the data. The transfer will begin when the RETR, LIST, etc. commands are entered.
PORT - Enter active mode. For example PORT 12,34,45,56,78,89. Unlike the passive mode, the server itself connects to the client to transfer data.
PWD - Returns the current server directory.
QUIT - Disconnect
REIN - Reinitialize connection
RETR - Download file. RETR must be preceded by a PASV or PORT command.
RMD - Delete directory
RNFR and RNTO - Rename the file. RNFR - what to rename, RNTO - what to rename.
SIZE - Returns the file size
STOR - Upload a file to the server. STOR must be preceded by a PASV or PORT command.
SYST - Returns the system type (UNIX, WIN,)
TYPE - Set the file transfer type (A - ASCII text, I - binary)
USER - Username to log into the server
Example FTP session
FTP client connects to server with username user1, an empty password and downloads a file named cpu-v. Messages from the FTP server are highlighted in red, messages from the FTP client are highlighted in blue. The exchange of directives and parameters may vary slightly between different versions of the FTP client and FTP server software.
After connecting, the server transmits information about itself to the client:
220-FileZilla Server version 0.9.45 beta
220-written by Tim Kosse ( [email protected])
220 Please visit http://sourceforge.net/projects/filezilla/
The client passes the username:
USER user1
The server asks for a password:
331 Password required for user1
The client passes an empty password:
PASS
The server verifies the user account and reports the start of the session:
230 Logged on
The client requests the type of operating system on the server:
SYST
The server reports that the type Unix, emulated by Filezilla server:
215 UNIX emulated by FileZilla
The client requests a list of parameters supported by the server:
FEAT
The server responds with a list of supported parameters:
211-Features:
MDTM
REST STREAM
SIZE
MLST type*;size*;modify*;
MLSD
UTF8
CLNT
MFMT
211 End
The client requests the current directory of the server:
P.W.D.
The server reports that the current directory is the root directory ("/"):
257 "/" is current directory.
The client reports that it will transfer binary data:
TYPE I
The server confirms the type of data being transferred:
200 Type set to I
The client reports that it will use passive FTP mode:
PASV
The server reports the transition to passive mode and transmits the IP and port for passive FTP mode.
227 Entering Passive Mode (212,248,22,114,195,97)
The client requests to receive a file named cpu-v from the current server directory
RETR cpu-v
The server reports the start of data transfer:
150 Opening data channel for file download from server of "/cpu-v"
Upon completion, the server reports a successful transfer:
226 Successfully transferred "/cpu-v"
In conclusion, I would like to add that the Filezilla project includes not only the development and support of a high-quality free FTP server, but also a popular free FTP client
An article with a brief description of a free FTP client for Linux, Mac OS and Windows. This FTP client supports many application data transfer protocols - FTP, FTP over SSL/TLS (FTPS), SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), HTTP, SOCKS and FTP-Proxy. In other words, Filezilla FTP Client is a universal software for receiving and transferring files over all modern application protocols between nodes on various platforms.
