Planning the logical structure of the network Choosing the network topology and access methods Choosing the network architecture Planning the physical structure of the network in relation to the enterprise. Estimate for the development and installation of the network. Computers included in the LAN client-server architecture are divided into two types: workstations or clients intended for users and file servers that are usually inaccessible to ordinary users and are designed to manage network resources.

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LAN laying provides a guaranteed presentation of information resources and services with the required levels of availability, reliability, scalability, security and manageability. LAN (local area network) it is a collection of software and hardware that includes many components and assemblies. The network subsystem of the Customer's LAN is designed to meet the needs of subscribers in providing information interaction and data exchange aimed at performing the Customer's business processes.
Most often, a LAN is organized on Ethernet and / or Wi-Fi technologies. For the construction and laying of a LAN, switches, routers, wireless access points (wi-fi), modems, optical (FOCL) and copper communication lines, etc. are used.
For a remote connection to a LAN, a VPN connection is most often used. VPN is a technology that allows you to organize one or more network connections over another network (internet) from home, a remote office or a business trip.

Selection and justification of the technology for the construction of a LAN

2.1. Defining the design object

The object of the design is the LAN of the organization engaged in the development of software of OJSC "Easy-PO". The organization is located in the building of the business center and occupies one floor.

2.2. Purpose of using the network

It is supposed to use a LAN for the following purposes:

Sharing network elements (supercomputers, network printers, etc.);

Possibility of quick access to the necessary information;

Reliable storage and backup of data;

Data protection;

Using the resources of modern technologies (Internet access, electronic document management systems, and others).

2.3. Network characteristics

Required network characteristics:

Internet access;

Bandwidth> = 100 Mbps;

High server performance;

High resiliency

2.4. Determining the size and structure of the network

Star network topology selected. The concept of a star network topology comes from mainframe computers, in which the host receives and processes all data from peripheral devices as the active processing node. This principle is applied in data transmission systems such as e-mail in the RelCom network. All information between two peripheral workstations passes through the central node of the computer network.

The network bandwidth is determined by the processing power of the node and is guaranteed for each workstation. Collisions (collisions) of data do not occur. The cable connection is fairly straightforward as each workstation is connected to a node. Cabling costs are high, especially when the central site is not geographically located at the center of the topology.

When expanding computer networks, the previously made cable connections cannot be used: a separate cable must be laid to the new workplace from the center of the network.

The star topology is the fastest of all computer network topologies, because data transmission between workstations passes through the central site (with good performance) on separate lines that are used only by these workstations. The frequency of requests for information transfer from one station to another is low compared to that achieved in other topologies.

The performance of a computer network primarily depends on the capacity of the central file server. It can be a bottleneck in a computer network. In the event of a failure of the central unit, the operation of the entire network is disrupted. Central control unit - the file server implements an optimal protection mechanism against unauthorized access to information. The entire computer network can be controlled from its center.

The LAN must meet the following requirements:

LAN must be efficient (minimum costs and high quality of work);

Openness of the network. LAN meets this criterion if it is possible to connect additional equipment without changing the technical and software parameters of the network;

Network flexibility. If, in the event of malfunctions of a computer or other equipment, the network continues to function - the LAN meets this requirement.

Sizing:

The organization occupies the floor of the business center, we will plan the necessary equipment, the location of the employees' workplaces.

The structure of the network will be determined by this layout

The purpose of the analytical part is to consider the existing state of the subject area, the characteristics of the object, the telecommunications system and substantiate proposals for eliminating the identified shortcomings and new technologies.

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The object of the design is the organization's local area network. This network should provide the transport of information within the organization and provide the ability to interact with the global Internet. The organization for which the local network is being designed is an enterprise whose main activity is the production of quality furniture.

Network topology and network equipment

Network topology

When building the LAN of the organization, we will use a tree structure based on the star topology. It is one of the most common topologies because it is easy to maintain.

Topology advantages:

• · Failure of one workstation does not affect the operation of the entire network as a whole;
• · Good scalability of the network;
• · Easy search for faults and breaks in the network;
• · High network performance (subject to correct design);
• · Flexible administration options.

Disadvantages of topology:

• · Failure of the central hub will result in the inoperability of the network (or network segment) as a whole;
• · For laying a network, more cable is often required than for most other topologies;
• · The finite number of workstations in the network (or network segment) is limited by the number of ports in the central hub.

This topology was chosen because it is the fastest. From the point of view of reliability, it is not the best solution, since the failure of their central node leads to the shutdown of the entire network, but at the same time, it is easier to find a fault.

Subscribers of each network segment will be connected to the corresponding Switch. And these segments will be connected into a single network by a managed switch - the central element of the network.

The following network equipment is required:

• 1. Network switches or switches(Switch) - 8 pcs.- a device designed to connect several nodes of a computer network within one segment.
• 2. Servers(server) - 1 PC.- hardware dedicated and / or specialized for the execution of service software on it without direct human participation.
• 3. Printers (including multifunctional devices)(Printer) - 5 pieces.- a device for printing digital information onto solid media, usually paper. Refers to computer terminal devices.
• 4. DVB PC card 1pc - This is a computer board that is designed to receive a signal from a satellite and then decode it.
• 5. Satellite antenna-1 PC.- this is the most important component of satellite Internet and satellite TV, the stability of the Internet connection, and the quality and number of satellite TV channels will depend on it.
• 6. Converter - 1pc.- a program with which you can convert files from one format to another.

Transmission medium:

A transmission medium is a physical medium through which information signals can be propagated in the form of electrical, light, etc. impulses.

To combine a PC into a single LAN, you will need a UTP5e "twisted pair" cable, which is one of the most common types of cable at the present time. It consists of several pairs of plastic-sheathed copper wires. The wires that make up each pair are twisted around each other, which provides protection against mutual interference. Cables of this type are divided into two classes - "Shielded twisted pair" and "Unshielded twisted pair". The difference between these classes is that the shielded twisted pair is more protected from external electromagnetic interference, due to the presence of an additional shield of copper mesh and / or aluminum foil surrounding the cable wires. Twisted pair networks, depending on the cable category, provide transmission at speeds from 10 Mbit / s - 1 Gbit / s. The length of a cable segment cannot exceed 100 m (up to 100 Mbps).

Table 1. Number of equipment in the network

Calculation of the cable system:

To calculate the cost of cables, let's assume that the average distance between computers in the department and the corresponding switch is 10 meters, then about 850 meters of UTP 5e cable will be needed.

To cover the distance from the switches to the central managed switch (+ connect the manager), you will need 350 m of UTP 5e cable. network local cable internet

Let's increase the cost of the UTP 5e cable by 10% (for waste and rejects during installation) and get about 1350 m.

In total, you will need 100 pieces of twisted pair, which will require 200 RJ-45 connectors. Including marriage - 220.