So the GLONASS network covered the world. But we are most interested in mobile devices for this network and navigators with communicators. Let's consider a little that we have managed to finish domestic today. There are already quite a few, industrial, military devices that support GLONASS. There are many commercial devices available for sale. Moreover, both domestic production and imported. The most famous domestic navigators with GLONASS are GLOSPACE SGK-70:
Works with all satellite navigation systems - (SNS) GLONASS (RF), GPS (USA), Galileo (European Union).
Presented to your attention automobile Glonass navigators— navigation instruments operating in the Russian global navigation system (GLONASS). Not long ago, it seemed extremely difficult to buy a Glonass navigator - the high cost and considerable dimensions of devices, the lack of a decent assortment. And the very accuracy and reliability of the system caused mixed reviews. But now the situation is noticeably changing for the better, positive trends in the development of the domestic navigation system are obvious. Popular and reliable manufacturers, leaders of the Russian navigation market, pick up the baton and expand their product range Glonass GPS navigators- modern devices equipped with dual-system receivers.
The following models of Glonass/GPS navigators are considered below:
Garmin Nuvi 2595LT
Lexand SG-615 HD
Lexand SG-615 HD
Navitel A735
Oysters Chrome 5500 3G
Shturmann Link 500GL
Price: 19782 p.
Glonass/GPS navigator Garmin Nuvi 2595LT is a modern luxury ultrathin car navigator featuring a dual-system receiver and a wide range of functions. The five-inch touchscreen display is made using the “edgeless” technology: it is brought flush with the surface of the device case. With a dual orientation, the navigator's screen is characterized by high sensitivity and a resolution of 480 x 272 pixels.
Intuitive navigation platform Garmin Guidence 2.0 provides accelerated rendering of maps and routes, an intuitive interface and easy search for addresses and POIs. The navigator can be controlled both by light touches and by voice commands. Innovative voice recognition technology allows you to control the main menu items, adjust the prompt volume, set the navigation address, and more, without taking your hands off the wheel. Detailed voice navigation includes street names and advance directions for upcoming maneuvers.
Glonass/GPS navigator Nuvi 2595LT comes with preinstalled maps of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, which allows the device to build end-to-end routes. Free updated maps feature detailed, extensive database of POIs (cafes, shops, restaurants, hotels, museums, and more), radar and security camera data. The navigation page also includes information about the speed limit, a photorealistic display of complex road junctions in 3D format (appear when approaching a difficult section in split-screen mode), a recommended lane indicator - from now on, orientation in complex junctions and exits is not difficult.
The built-in memory of the device can be easily expanded using microSD memory cards. Thanks to this, it is possible to supplement the device with detailed cityXplorer maps, additional voices, vehicle icons or media files.
The navigator is supplied with a traffic receiver with a car power cable. This element allows you to receive traffic information. Special traffic icons are integrated with pre-collected and analyzed information about traffic congestion along the route (TrafficTrends function). This combination allows the device to predict traffic congestion with a high degree of probability and plot a route around areas with difficult traffic.
Specifications
Screen size and resolution 5 inches (12.7 cm), 480 x 272 pixels
Screen type touch WQVGA color TFT with white backlight, Multi-touch, dual screen orientation
GLONASS-GPS receiver type highly sensitive
Internal memory, microSD slot
Power supply Li-Ion built-in battery
Battery life up to 2.5 hours
Connectors USB 2.0 port, line-in
Bluetooth communications
Viewing JPEG images
Playing audiobooks
Features dual system receiver, dual orientation screen, voice control, Line Assist, split screen 3D interchanges, TrafficTrends function
Instrument dimensions 13.7 x 8.3 x 1.5 cm
Weight 192 gr
Navigation system City Navigator Russia 2014.40 - Navicom (Roads of Russia 5.32) with maps of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Abkhazia
Functions
Speech recognition - voice control of the main functions of the navigation device (menu selection, volume level, set a new address or select from favorites)
Lane assist - recommended lane
Downloading additional voices
Search taking into account the specifics of domestic addressing (buildings, possessions, buildings)
A large database of POI addresses (gas stations, metro stations, restaurants, shops, hospitals, hotels, traffic police posts, etc.) with the ability to add
Save up to 1000 waypoints, favorites or locations
Save up to 100 routes
TrafficTrends technology - the navigator remembers the congestion of the streets while driving and uses this information in the future
Junction view - road junctions in three-dimensional photorealistic display
Advance indication and audible warning of speed limits, radar, speed bumps, etc.
Speed limit indicator
Route planner - automatic sorting of multiple destinations (getting the most direct route)
The possibility of excluding highways, toll roads, dirt roads, etc. from the route.
Selection of the route calculation criterion (minimum time or mileage, straight route not on roads);
EcoRoute - calculation of the optimal route in terms of fuel consumption
"Where am I?" feature (Were Am I?) - setting coordinates and searching for the nearest hospitals, traffic police posts, gas stations, hotels, shops, etc., addresses and intersections
Building through routes between Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, as well as, if there is an additional map of Europe or Asia, across the border
Bluetooth function - the ability to talk on a mobile phone while driving - hands-free
Photo navigation - download your favorite photos from Google Panoramio and get directions to where they were taken
Garmin Locate - the device remembers the parking place and paves the way to the car
Garmin Garage - customizable car icons to mark on the map
Mode selection for auto, pedestrian, bicycle, etc. with the ability to use the navigator not only on roads, but also on foot
Audiobook player
Keyboard QWERTY or ABC (keyboard selection) - the ability to switch the keyboard: alphabetically ABC (ABC) or computer layout YTSUKEN (QWERTY)
World clock (automatic time zone change), currency and unit conversion, calculator
Equipment
Car Glonass/GPS navigator Garmin Nuvi 2595LT (art. 010-01002-50)
Preloaded CityNavigator NT maps with the possibility of free updates on the manufacturer's website
Digital 3D traffic receiver with car power cable and the possibility of receiving information free of charge
Suction cup quick release car stand
USB cable for connecting to a computer
Brief instruction
Warranty card for 24 months
Price: 3750.
Description
Car navigator Lexand SG-615 HD equipped with a new Mstar 500Mhz processor with the WinCE 6.0 operating system that allows you to receive information from both GPS and GLONASS satellites. The device has a large anti-reflective HD screen 5 inches. The licensed navigation system Navitel 5.0 with maps of all of Russia is loaded into the internal memory of the device (2 Gb). There is a slot for microSD memory cards up to 16 Gb, from which you can play multimedia files or install any other navigation systems. The "Navigation Path" button greatly simplifies changing cartography, and even a novice user can easily understand the Lexand SG-615 HD with a convenient menu and clear interface. The navigator has a metal (aluminum) edging, which gives an elegant and stylish look, is a fashionable addition to the car interior. Of the multimedia features, we note the FM transmitter.
Specifications
Screen size and resolution 5 inches, HD 800 x 480 pixels
Screen type "without borders" TFT, touch with "anti-reflective" coating
Receiver type Glonass/GPS MStar MSB2521
Processor ARM9 500Mhz
Operating system Microsoft Windows CE.net 6.0
Memory 128 Mb, 4 Gb, slot for microSD memory card (up to 16 Gb).
Power supply Li-Ion built-in battery 950 mAh
Battery life up to 3 hours
Connectors USB 2.0 port, 3.5mm stereo headphone jack
Communications FM Transmitter
View images in JPG, GIF, BMP, PNG format
Reading books in TXT format
Playing music files in WMA, MP3 format
MPEG-1, MPEG-4, AVI, WMV, ASF, 3GP, DivX video player
Features dual-system receiver, metal screen bezel
Dimensions 13.5 x 8.5 x 1.25 cm
Weight 180 gr
Navigation system Navitel 5.0 with a map of Russia
Functions
Automatic laying / re-route
Voice prompts (multiple voice packs)
Estimated time of arrival, display of travel time and speed
Search taking into account the specifics of domestic addressing (buildings, possessions, buildings)
Database of more than 400,000 POIs (gas stations, metro stations, restaurants, shops, hospitals, hotels, traffic police posts, etc.)
Map display in 2D/3D format
Road junctions and landmarks in 3D
Service Navitel. SMS - send and receive SMS with current location coordinates
Service Navitel. Weather - free weather forecast service
Early warning of sites with installed speed control system (SpeedCam) radars and speed bumps
Launching any navigation programs (“Navigation Path” button)
The FM transmitter allows you to play audio recordings and voice prompts for navigation in the car through the car's audio system via the FM channel
Equipment
Automobile Glonass/GPS navigator Lexand SG-615 HD;
Preloaded navigation software;
Device user manual;
Navigation software user guide;
USB cable for connecting to a computer;
Car charger 12V;
Carrying case;
Car Holder;
Warranty card for 12 months.
Price: 4699 p.
Description
The Lexand SG-615 PRO HD autonavigator is equipped with a Mstar MSB2521 dual-system processor running the Microsoft Windows CE 6.0 operating system, which allows the device to receive both GPS and Glonass satellite signals. The large five-inch anti-reflective screen of the device is made using the “without sides” technology, flush with the body. The capabilities of the navigator are supplemented by the functions of a mobile phone (including sending SMS) and the ability to receive information about traffic jams via the GPRS channel (a Beeline SIM card is included in the delivery package). Information about the state of the roads is taken into account when laying and re-laying the route.
The internal memory of the device (4 GB) is pre-installed with a licensed navigation system Navitel 5 with maps of Russia with the possibility of a free update. In addition, the SG-615 PRO HD model supports Cityguide and PROGOROD navigation packages. For ease of operation, the menu provides a button "Navigation Path", with which you can easily launch any navigation program.
A wide range of multimedia features allows you to play music, text files, images and video tracks. The FM transmitter allows you to output sound to the car's audio system.
Specifications
Screen size and resolution 5 inches (12.7 cm), HD 800x480 pixels
Screen type LCD-colour, "edgeless" TFT, touchscreen with "anti-glare" coating and backlight
GLONASS/GPS receiver type Mstar MSB2521
Processor ARM9 500 Mhz
Operating system Microsoft Windows CE 6.0
Memory 128 Mb, 4 Gb, microSD card slot (up to 16 Gb)
Power supply Li-Ion built-in battery
Battery life up to 2 hours
Connectors USB port 2.0, headphone/line-in
Communications FM Transmitter
View images in JPG, BMP, PNG, GIF format
Playing music files in MP3, WMA format
Reading books in TXT format
AVI, ASF, WMV, ASV, DAT, MPEG, MPG, MOV, RM, RMVB video player
Features dual system receiver, 13mm slim body, mobile phone functions
Dimensions 13.2 x 8.4 x 1.3 cm
Weight 180 g.
Navigation system Navitel 5 with preinstalled maps of Russia
Functions
Downloading information about traffic jams from the Navitel.Traffic online service via GPRS (Beeline SIM card included)
Automatic laying / re-route (taking into account traffic jams)
Launching any navigation programs with the "Navigation Path" button
Search taking into account domestic addressing specifics
Free map updates
Base of points of interest POI (metro stations, gas stations, restaurants, hospitals, shops, hotels, traffic police posts, etc.)
Map display in 2D/3D format
Road junctions, highways, POIs in 3D mode
Service Navitel.SMS - sending and receiving SMS with the coordinates of the current location
Service Navitel.Weather - free weather forecast service
Early warning of areas with installed speed control system (SpeedCam), radars and speed bumps
Ability to connect the Cityguide 7 package with maps of high detail and positioning accuracy
Ability to connect the PROGOROD package with a unique system of voice prompts and free map updates
Mobile phone functions with the ability to send SMS messages
Built-in internet browser
FM transmitter - audio output to the car audio system
Hands-free mode, built-in speaker and microphone - the ability to talk on the phone while driving
Multimedia: Audio Player, Video Player, Text Viewer, Image Viewer, Games, Utilities
Equipment
Car GPS/Glonass navigator Lexand SG-615 PRO HD
Pre-installed navigation software "Navitel Navigator 5"
Preloaded maps of Russia
Car glass holder
Car charger in cigarette lighter
USB cable
License card for navigation software
User manual for the device in Russian
Navigation software user manual in Russian
Mains charger 220V
Case
Stylus
SIM card "Beeline"
Warranty card for 12 months
Price: 8490 r.
Description
The Navitel A735 navigator is the latest multifunctional dual-system navigator that works both in the Glonass system and in the GPS system. The second "chip" are two cameras, one front and one rear - the device can be used as a DVR. The third important feature of the model is the built-in 3G module - with its help it will be possible to access the Internet, download games and applications, download up-to-date information about traffic jams. The navigator has an INTEL SOFIA 3G-R Quad Atom Cores processor with a frequency of 1.0 GHz and a capacitive multi-touch sensor (up to five points) with a diameter of 7.0 inches of the IPS standard with a resolution of 1024 × 600 pixels. The device has the ability to listen to music, view photos and videos, Bluetooth, FM-transmitter and slot for two SIM-cards.
Specifications
Screen size and resolution 7 inches, 1024 x 600 pixels IPS
Screen type LCD-color, capacitive multi-touch sensor (up to five points)
Receiver type 64 channel high sensitivity GLONASS/GPS chip
Processor INTEL SOFIA 3G-R Quad Atom Cores 1.0 GHz
Operating system Android 5.1.1
Memory 1 Gb, 8 Gb, slot for microSD memory card (up to 32 Gb)
Power supply 2800 mAh battery
Connectors USB 2.0 port, 3.5mm stereo headphone jack
Communications Internet access via built-in 3G WCDMA 900\1800 MHz module or Wi-Fi
View images in JPG, GIF, BMP, PNG format
Reading books in TXT format
Play music files in WMA9, MP3, WAV, LRC format
Video player for WMV9, MPEG4, Divx 5.0, 4.0, 3.11, Xvid, MPEG2, AVI, ASF, WMV
Instrument dimensions 18.8 x 10.8 x 0.9 cm
Weight 300 gr
Features dual-system system, Android 5.1.1, Internet access via built-in 3G module, 0.3 MP front camera, 2.0 MP rear camera, Bluetooth, slot for two SIM cards
Navigation system Navitel Navigator 9.6 system with maps of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Finland, Baltic states, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Poland
Functions
Automatic laying / re-laying of the route, taking into account the detour of traffic jams
Voice prompts (multiple voice packs)
Estimated time of arrival, display of travel time and speed
Search taking into account the specifics of domestic addressing (buildings, possessions, buildings)
Database of more than 400,000 POIs (gas stations, metro stations, restaurants, shops, hospitals, hotels, traffic police posts, etc.)
Map display in 2D/3D format
Road junctions and landmarks in 3D
Service Navitel. SMS - send and receive SMS with current location coordinates
Service Navitel. Weather - free weather forecast service
Early warning of sites with installed speed control system (SpeedCam) radars and speed bumps
Possibility of expanding and supplementing with maps of other countries
Viewing videos, images, text documents
Pedestrian, truck, taxi mode
Opera web browser
Android app store Google Play
Hands-free function
Equipment
Car Glonass/GPS navigator Navitel A735
Car holder for car panel and windshield;
Preloaded navigation software;
Device user manual;
USB cable for connecting to a computer;
Car charger 12V;
Warranty card for 12 months.
Price: 5990 r.
Description
Navigator Oysters Chrom 5500 has a modern advanced dual-system processor with a clock frequency of 1.2 GHz, which allows it to work in GPS and Glonass simultaneously. The capacitive screen has an optimal five-inch size and high resolution (800 x 480 pixels). The screen is made according to the “without borders” technology and is enclosed in a stylish, strict case, the thickness of which is barely more than 1 cm. The navigator is controlled by the Android operating system and, therefore, applications and utilities from the Android Market are available to it.
If you additionally purchase a special adapter for USB devices, you can connect a 3G modem, external Flesh drives and any HID devices to the navigator. USB-Host is able to significantly expand the list of features of the navigator, such as the possibility of uninterrupted receipt of up-to-date information about traffic jams, access to You-Tube and other online services, memory expansion for playing multimedia or other files, and many others. In addition, the ability to connect a 3G modem is complemented by a built-in Wi-Fi router.
The navigation functions of the device are based on the Navitel 5.1 system. The pre-installed detailed maps of Russia, Europe, Asia and Latin America are filled with a rich library of POIs and are free to update. The display of the recommended lane, voice prompts including street names, 3D junction display, rich multimedia features and much more can make the trip in the car comfortable and enjoyable.
Specifications
Screen size and resolution 5 inches (12.7 cm), 800 x 480 pixels
Screen type TFT LCD - color capacitive with backlight
Receiver type built-in highly sensitive Glonass/GPS Rockchip 2918
Processor Rockchip 2918 1200 MHz
Operating system Android 2.3
Memory 512 MB, 4 GB, microSD card slot up to 16 GB
Power supply Li-Pol built-in battery
Battery life up to 4 hours.
Connectors MiniUSB port, headphone/line-in, USB device adapter
View images in JPG, JPER, GIF, BMP, PNG format
Playing MP3, WAV, MIDI, WMA music files
AVI, MKV, RM, RMVB, MP4, MOV, VOB, DAT, FLV, 3GP format video player
Reading books in TXT format
Features Dual-system receiver, USB device adapter, On-line traffic detection, Android-based operation, multimedia player
Instrument dimensions 13.1 x 8.4 x 1.05 cm
Weight 130 g
Navigation system Navitel 5.1 with preinstalled maps of Russia, Europe, Asia and Latin America
Functions
Automatic laying / re-route
Fast route planning
Route selection - several alternatives
Voice prompts with street names announcement
Estimated time of arrival, display of travel time and speed
Base of points of interest POI (metro stations, gas stations, restaurants, hospitals, shops, hotels, traffic police posts, etc.) with the ability to add
Search taking into account Russian specifics of addressing
Free map updates
FM transmitter - audio output to the car audio system
Map display in 2D/3D format
Road junctions, highways, POIs in 3D mode
Recommended lane indication
Service Navitel.SMS - sending and receiving SMS with the coordinates of the current location
Service Navitel.Weather - free weather forecast service
Service "Navitel.Traffic" - own service for determining the state of the roads in the On-line mode
The Navitel.Events service is a free interactive service that allows users to mark and see on the map of the navigation device the marks of other users about various events (accidents, road works, speed cameras and other warnings)
Possibility to connect the "Cityguide" package with maps of high detail and positioning accuracy
Early warning of areas with installed speed control system (SpeedCam), radars and speed bumps
Voice search capability (when connected to the Internet)
Built-in WiFi module
USB-Host - function for connecting an external USB device
Built-in G-sensor
USB OTG (On-The-Go) function - allows you to connect USB peripheral devices (for example, keyboard, mouse)
Built-in internet browsers
Download apps from Android Market
Quick access to popular social networks
Audio recording function
Multimedia: Audio Player, Video Player, Text Viewer, Image Viewer, Utilities, Games
Equipment
Car HolderPreloaded maps of Russia, Europe, Asia and Latin America
Car charger in cigarette lighter
USB cable
User manual for the device in Russian
Navigation software user manual in Russian
Warranty card for 12 months
What is GLONASS?
What is GPS?
Let's take a look at these two systems.
GLONASS and GPS- These are global satellite positioning systems that allow you to determine the exact coordinates in three dimensions of any object on the surface (or near the surface) of the Earth. At the moment, these are the two main and working systems in the world. What are their differences and what do they have in common?
What is GPS?
Abbreviation in English GPS stands for "Global Positioning System" and translated as "global positioning system" - an American satellite navigation system, developed by order of the US Department of Defense.
What is GLONASS?
Abbreviation GLONASS stands for "GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM"- first the Soviet, and then the Russian satellite navigation system, developed by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
When did the idea of satellite navigation come about?
Satellite navigation in the form of an idea was born back in the days when the USSR launched the first artificial Earth satellite into space, i.e. in nineteen hundred and fifties. By observing and studying the signals emanating from this satellite, scientists discovered that using them in a special way and knowing the coordinates of the satellite, one can determine their coordinates with great accuracy. After this discovery, the military departments of the United States and the USSR began to develop in the field of creating a global navigation satellite system.
GPS system
The first test satellite of the GPS system was put into orbit by the United States only 20 years after the idea of satellite navigation, in 1974. After another 20 years, the GPS system was completed with the required number of satellites (24 pieces) and in this form was put into service. After that, it became possible to use the GPS system for military purposes to accurately guide missiles to ground and air targets.
GLONASS system
The Soviet Union launched its first GLONASS satellite into orbit only in 1982, but already in December 1995, the GLONASS system was brought to a full nominal number of 24 satellites.
Officially, both navigation systems (GPS in the USA, GLONASS in Russia) were put into operation in 1993!
Unfortunately, in the future, funding for the GLONASS system ceased, and in 2001 only six satellites remained operational in orbit. In 2001, the federal target program "Global Navigation System" was adopted in Russia. According to this program, by the end of 2009, the GLONASS system was to be fully equipped with 24 satellites and operate in a full-fledged regular state.
What do GPS and GLONASS systems have in common?
Despite the fact that navigation systems were originally developed for military purposes, nowadays GPS and GLONASS are actively used for peaceful purposes. The scope of satellite systems is constantly expanding, and technologies are rapidly developing. Already everywhere, in ordinary stores, navigators for cars, for people, for animals are sold, GPS signal receivers are built into mobile phones, PDAs. Any person can see his location on the map, the speed of movement, easily and quickly plot routes and find the necessary addresses on the map, or, by installing satellite navigation system receivers on other moving objects, monitor all the movements of these objects.
The principle of measuring the coordinates of the Russian GLONASS system is similar to the American GPS system.
What is the difference between GLONASS and GPS?
The main difference between the two satellite navigation systems is the state affiliation. Moreover, the conditions for receiving GPS signals are not 100% guaranteed and completely depend on the policy of the US Department of Defense.
In a technical sense, the main difference between GLONASS and GPS is that the GLONASS satellites in their orbit are not synchronized with the Earth's rotation. This provides them with greater stability and does not require adjustments during the entire life of each satellite. However, GLONASS satellites have a much shorter lifetime.
The foundations of the principles of satellite navigation were laid back in the fifties, after the launch of the first Soviet artificial satellite. Observing the signal broadcast by the satellite, a group of American scientists led by Richard Kershner found that the frequency of the received signal increases with the approach of the satellite and, on the contrary, decreases as it moves away (Doppler effect). This observation led scientists to the idea that knowing the exact location of a ground object makes it possible to measure the location and speed of a satellite. Accordingly, accurate knowledge of the position of the satellite makes it possible to determine the coordinates and speed of movement of a ground object.
However, for the first time, the practical implementation of the ideas of American specialists and scientists of the USSR involved in the development of positioning theory took place only in 1982 after the launch of the first satellite, which was to enter the global positioning system (GLONASS).
GLONASS
GLONASS is one of the two existing global satellite navigation systems, the development of which began in 1976, after which, due to lack of sufficient funding, the program was curtailed. The full implementation and launch of the GLONASS project took place in 2009, after the collapse of the Union. Today, Russian GLONASS and American GPS are the main operating systems for global satellite navigation.
The main purpose of GLONASS is the prompt delivery of navigation and time information to ground, space, air and sea-based users. Access to civilian GLONASS signals is provided to consumers free of charge without any restrictions anywhere in the world. Information exchange is provided by 24 satellites moving along 3 orbital trajectories at altitudes of about 19,100 km. Based on the same physical principles as the American analogue of GLONASS - the NAVSTAR GPS system - GLONASS provides a measurement error of 3-6 meters. GPS works somewhat more accurately, providing signal access with an accuracy of 2 ... 4 m.
The development of the GLONASS project is under the jurisdiction of the Roscosmos agency.
GPS
GPS (GPS, English Global Positioning System) is an American satellite navigation system that broadcasts useful data on time and distance and allows you to determine the location of an object within the global coordinate system WGS 84. System development, its implementation and commissioning in 1993 carried out in accordance with the instructions of the US Department of Defense.
Today, the GPS navigation system, like GLONASS, is available for use by civilian consumers. To ensure the operation of the information channel, it is enough to purchase a GPS navigator or a similar device with a GPS receiver.
GLONASS or GPS?
Unlike the NAVSTAR GPS tracking system, the satellites that support the GLONASS system do not show resonance (work asynchronously) with the rotation of the Earth. Thanks to this, it is possible to achieve greater stability of the broadcast signal. Another advantage of the GLONASS system is revealed due to the correctly selected orbit parameters (altitude, inclination and period): GLONASS is able to provide reliable signal transmission in the southern and polar latitudes - where GPS signal transmission is extremely difficult or impossible.
Despite a number of serious practical advantages of GLONASS, the real situation on the service market makes the majority of users still give preference to GPS. This is primarily due to:
- with a much more affordable cost of communicators with GPS support;
- the complete absence (unlike GPS services) of software products that allow installing GLONASS on communicators and smartphones;
- the impressive potential of software for GPS navigation systems, which can significantly expand the range of applications of the latter.
GPS is able to provide access to useful data anywhere in the world (with the exception of the Arctic region) in almost any weather conditions.
