If you don't want to spend money on expensive audio gadgets, you can try to assemble a car amplifier yourself. This operation is not difficult at all. The main thing is to competently approach its implementation.
1 Amplifiers - how not to get confused in their classes?
Many audio systems in modern vehicles are equipped with a special built-in device that allows you to achieve greater sound volume and music quality. Unfortunately, such a car amplifier does not always cope with its tasks. Its power is simply not enough. In such cases, you have to purchase another device that can increase the current and voltage of the audio signal to a certain level.
Now it is easy to purchase almost any more powerful and high-quality car amplifier. The only question is how much you plan to pay for this device, which is important for lovers of good music. Automotive amplifiers for reproducing high-quality sound are usually divided into different classes depending on the purity of the signal they emit and the efficiency.
The minimum distortion is provided by an automobile (relatively inexpensive) class A amplifier, but its efficiency does not exceed 20%. More powerful are B-class devices. Their disadvantage is a significant distortion of the music being played. Class A / B devices can be considered the golden mean in this case. They are characterized by average values of sound clarity and efficiency.
Car amplifiers of the indicated classes can have a different number of channels - from 2 to 5:
- three-channel audio devices allow you to connect to them and two speakers;
- in two-channel car devices, only speakers can be connected;
- four-channel ones can operate in tri-mode (one mono and two stereo systems are connected to one output), and a subwoofer is additionally connected to the five-channel ones.
There are also large bass amplifiers available. They are called monoblocks. The cost of such devices is high. Therefore, a monoblock car amplifier is rarely purchased by those car owners who are not used to saving on anything.
2
Choosing a modern car amplifier, you need to first decide on its class, and then on the number of channels. And only after that, proceed to a substantive analysis of the technical capabilities of the audio device you are interested in. How to choose a car amplifier in practice? Pay attention to the following characteristics:
In addition, it makes sense to figure out the number of car amplifier connectors. Expensive devices have a variety of linear and high-amplitude inputs. The former are necessary to connect equalizers, processes and other systems to an audio system. And without the second, you will not be able to install a radio tape recorder in a car without a line-out.
3
Experts in the field of radio electronics say that transistor and microcircuit audio amplifiers in terms of the quality of the output sound cannot be compared with ULF devices. Any pro will tell you that a tube car amplifier will delight you with great music without any distortion.
At the same time, you can assemble such a sound amplifier with your own hands in a couple of hours and with minimal financial costs.
Tube amplifier
A lamp auto amplifier can be made on an elementary single-ended circuit. It is shown below. This circuit is good in that it allows you to increase the output power due to the parallel pairing of lamps operating on the load.
Let's see how to assemble a simple car amplifier at home using the following diagram. You need to take audio output and power transformers from an old TV, find (or purchase) an unused power supply and light bulbs. It is advisable to put products marked 6N2P at the entrance. And the 6P14P lamp is more suitable for the exit. If you can't find an old power supply for a homemade car amplifier, you will have to buy a new fixture. Choose any. The main thing is that it is designed for 50 Hertz and has windings for specified voltages.
Focusing on the circuit, collect all its elements into one whole (as you yourself understand, it will be difficult to do this without knowing the basics of radio electronics). Then you look for a suitable case for placing a homemade car amplifier in it. As such, you can use an unnecessary case from the system unit. You don't even need to remove the fan from it - it will blow over the tube amplifier. The fan must not run continuously. Therefore, be sure to make a switch for him. Place this device on the back of the system engineer's case. You will turn it on only as needed.
Tube amplifier
You can make your car amplifier more elegant and practical by illuminating its bulbs with multi-colored diodes.... Then, when the audio device is started, the lamps will glow, for example, green, in standby mode, blue, and so on. That's all the wisdom of self-assembly of a simple amplifier for a car. Believe me, it will not differ much from a factory device of average cost, and it will even surpass it in sound quality.
4
Semiconductor elements make it possible to make a small semiconductor amplifier for your car for any craftsman who has the skills to perform simple electronic work. Let's see how to build an excellent audio device on the TDA8560Q microcircuit. Instead, you can use both TDA2005 and TDA1558 and any other circuit that produces the following (approximately) characteristics:
- frequency range - from 20 to 20,000 Hertz;
- power (at the output) - 25–40 W;
- power supply (voltage value) - from 6 to 18 V.
To make a car semiconductor amplifier, you need to purchase all the required elements: capacitors and resistors (0.2 μF), a transformer (power) with a current of up to 5 A, a cooling radiator, a power switch, sound and volume balance controls, diodes marked D245 ( or their analogs), capacitor (electrolytic) 25 V x 4700 uF, connectors (output and input). You assemble all these components according to the scheme on a printed circuit board, solder them, solder a thin wire into the power paths. Then you mount the manufactured structure on the cooling radiator. Your little audio amplifier is ready!
Car amplifier on a TDA chip
Now you should think about how to correctly connect the car amplifier. Everything is simple here. Assemble the power supply yourself (diagram below) and connect it to the on-board network. More on this later.
5 Connecting and setting up home-made and factory audio devices
Let's figure out how to connect a car amplifier yourself. If you have never done such work, it is recommended to purchase a special set of electrical wires designed specifically for this purpose. A ready-made kit will allow you to quickly connect an amplifier (made by yourself or factory). True, the sound quality in this case may not be the best. You can achieve the perfect sound by using separate stranded copper wires:
- 2x4 for subwoofer;
- 2x1.5 for tweeters;
- 2x2.5 for rear and front speakers.
Any wire can be used as power wiring. It is usually connected to the body of the car with a minus, and to the power output of the radio tape recorder - with a plus. But car audio professionals recommend connecting the amplifier a little differently - directly to the vehicle's battery. In this case, you will have to spend money on a more expensive and thick wire KG-35 or KG-25. It must be connected to the existing terminals on the battery. The rest of the wires (between the speakers and the individual sides of the audio system) are also connected to the terminals and special outputs.
Tuning your car amplifier yourself is usually not a major problem. This operation should be carried out strictly according to the instructions supplied with the factory sound amplifying device. And homemade "gadgets" are adjusted using sound balance and volume controls, which, as noted above, are mounted in semiconductor and tube amplifiers.
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Factory-made audio amplification devices are expensive and may not be powerful enough. Looking at the photos of homemade sound amplifiers, it is obvious that they are in no way inferior to finished products. In addition, their manufacture on their own does not require special skills and large material costs.
Basis of the device
Novice radio amateurs first of all ask themselves the question: what can be used to assemble a simple sound amplifier at home. The operation of the device is based on transistors or microcircuits, or a rare variant is possible - on lamps. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Microcircuits
The TDA series microcircuit and similar can be purchased in stores or use a microcircuit from an unnecessary TV.
Using automotive amplifier microcircuits with a 12-volt power supply, it is very easy to achieve high-quality sound without the use of special skills and with a minimum of details.
Transistors
The advantages of transistors in low power consumption. The device produces excellent sound performance, is easily integrated into any equipment and does not require additional configuration. In addition, there is no need to find and use complex microcircuits.
Lamps
Today the outdated tube-based assembly method gives a high-quality sound, but has a number of disadvantages:
- increased energy intensity
- dimensions
- cost of components
Recommendations for the correct assembly of a sound amplifier with your own hands
A home-made sound quality amplifier based on TDA series chips and their counterparts generates a lot of heat. For cooling, you need a radiator grille of a suitable size, depending on the model of the microcircuit itself and the power of the amplifier. In the case, you need to provide a place for it.
The advantage of a hand-made device is low energy consumption, which allows it to be used in cars by connecting to a battery, as well as on the road or at home using a battery. The power consumption depends on the required level of signal amplification. Some manufactured models require only 3 Volts.
We take a serious and responsible approach to the assembly of a sound amplifier in order to avoid short circuits and damage to components.
Necessary materials
The assembly process requires the following tools and accessories:
- chip
- frame
- capacitors
- power unit
- plug
- switch button
- wires
- cooling radiator
- screws
- hot melt glue and thermal paste
- soldering iron and rosin
Diagrams and instructions for making an amplifier at home
Each circuit is unique and depends on the sound source (old or modern digital technology), power supply, estimated final dimensions. It is assembled on a printed circuit board, which will make the device more compact and more convenient. During the assembly process, you cannot do without a soldering iron or soldering station.
The British John Linsley-Hood circuit is based on four transistors without microcircuits. It allows you to similarly repeat the shape of the input signal, resulting in only a pure gain and a sine wave at the output.
The simplest and most common option for manufacturing a single-channel amplifier is to use a microcircuit in the base, supplemented with resistors and capacitors.
Algorithm of actions for manufacturing
- install radio components on the printed circuit board, taking into account the polarity
- assemble the case (providing space for additional parts, for example, a radiator grill)
It is permissible to use a ready-made case or create it with your own hands, as well as install the board in the speaker case.
- start the device in test mode (identify and eliminate malfunctions in case of occurrence)
- assembly of the amplifier (connection to the power supply and other components)
Note! 
DIY home and car amplifiers
At home, there is often a lack of powerful sound when watching movies on a laptop or listening to music with headphones. Let's consider how to properly make a sound amplifier with your own hands.
For laptop
The sound wave amplifier should take into account the power of external speakers up to 2 watts and the resistance of the windings up to 4 ohms.
Components for assembly:
- 9 volt power supply
- printed circuit board
- chip TDA 7231
- frame
- non-polar capacitor 0.1 μF - 2 pcs.
- polar capacitor 100 uF
- polar capacitor 220 uF
- polar capacitor 470 uF
- fixed resistor 10 ohm m 4.7 ohm
- two-position switch
- input jack
Manufacturing scheme
The assembly algorithm is selected depending on the selected scheme. It is necessary to take into account the appropriate size of the cooling heatsink so that the operating temperature inside the case does not rise above 50 degrees Celsius. When operating the laptop outdoors, you need to provide openings in the case for air intake.
For car radio
An amplifier for a car radio can be assembled on the common TDA8569Q microcircuit. Its characteristics:
- supply voltage 6-18 volts
- input power 25 watts per channel in 4 ohms and 40 watts per channel in 2 ohms
- frequency range 20-20000 Hz
Note! 
It is imperative to provide, in addition to the circuit, a filter against interference created by the operation of the car.
First, draw a printed circuit board, then drill holes in it. Then the board needs to be etched with ferric chloride. After tinning and soldering all the details of the microcircuit. A thick layer of solder will need to be applied to the feed lanes to avoid feed additives. Provide a cooling system using a cooler or radiator grill.
At the end of the assembly, it is necessary to make a filter against interference from the ignition system and poor noise insulation according to the following scheme: wind a choke with a wire with a cross section of 1-1.5 mm in 5 turns on a ferrite ring with a diameter of 20 mm.
Assembling a device to improve sound quality at home is easy. The main thing is to decide on the circuit and have at hand all the components from which you can easily assemble a simple sound amplifier.
Photo of a sound amplifier with your own hands
Note! 
Sometimes connecting speakers to a TV, laptop or other similar music source needs signal amplification through a certain device. If you have basic technical knowledge, you can make an amplifier at home with your own hands.
How to create a sound amplifier correctly
First of all, to assemble such a device for speakers, you will need tools, as well as the required components. The circuits of the simplest amplifiers are assembled by means of a soldering iron equipped on a support of a high degree of stability. It is advisable to use certain soldering stations.
In the process of assembling an amplifier with your own hands to test the corresponding circuit, or use it for a short period of time, a model on a wire would be a good option, but it will require a lot of free space for the arrangement of component elements.
The printed-circuit board serves as a guarantee of maximum compactness of the device and convenient use in the future.
A demanded and affordable amplifier for headphones or small speakers is made on the basis of a microcircuit representing a small-sized control unit with an embedded set of commands for controlling the electrical signal.
A pair of resistors and, of course, capacitors should be connected to the circuit with the desired microcircuit. In total, the price of a self-assembled amplifier will be much lower than the cost of equipment purchased in a specialized store, while the limitation of the functionality consists in changing the signal volume.
Do not forget about the features of single-channel amplifiers, the independent production of which is carried out on the basis of both TDA circuits and their analogues.
The circuit emits a lot of heat during the working process, it is for this reason that its contact with the elements of the device should be minimized. A radiator grill designed for heat dissipation is desirable for use.
Depending on the purchased microcircuit, as well as the power of the device, the size of the required radiator increases. When assembling the amplifier inside the case, you need to think in advance about the place provided under the heat sink.
Another feature of creating an amplifier with your own hands, as shown in the photo, is the minimum power consumption, which makes it possible to use a simplified amplifier in cars, on the road, or at home. Some simple amplifiers only need a few volts.
The power that is consumed directly depends on the required level of signal amplification. The audio amplifier from the player used for the necessary headphones consumes about 3 watts.
For making circuits, an inexperienced radio amateur is better off using a special program for which the files have the required extension.
Handwritten creation of the necessary scheme is possible if you have certain knowledge and a desire to experiment with them. Otherwise, it is better to download files for quick assembly of replacement of the amplifier with the lowest possible frequency.
For laptop
The instructions on how to make an amplifier for a laptop with your own hands provide for the assembly of such a device in such cases: the built-in type speakers are broken or have a low volume quality.
You will need a conventional amplifier with a power of several watts with a winding resistance of 40 ohms. In addition to the usual assembly tools, a printed circuit board, power supply and microcircuit are required. Choose your own case where the amplifier elements will be located.
The assembly process should depend on the downloaded microcircuit format. The radiator is chosen such a parameter that the thermal conductivity makes it possible to maintain the required temperature regime of the microcircuit.
If the device is constantly used along with a laptop outside the room, then it will need a self-made case with certain slots or holes so as not to impede air circulation.
The assembly of such a case is made from a plastic container, or the remains of failed equipment, while the board is fastened with screws.
Tube amplifier
This do-it-yourself amplifier, as in the photo, refers to a rather expensive device if you completely buy the components.
Some radio amateurs have lamps and other necessary parts in stock. Assembling a tube-type amplifier at home is not a difficult matter if you can spend time searching for the necessary circuits on the Runet.
If you need to find out what amplifiers are, it is important to understand that their circuit in each individual version is unique, and also depends directly on the sound source, size, and other important parameters.
DIY photo amplifiers
We have repeatedly presented scheme powerful amplifiers low frequency power for self-assembly, and today we will talk about the design of a rather simple, but high-quality and painfully powerful amplifier for lanzar scheme... Generally, scheme Lanzara found widespread use on the network, more and more often people repeat this design, for high performance and relatively simple and cheap assembly, the circuit began to be used in industrial audio equipment.
Lanzar is implemented on 13 transistors, the circuit is completely symmetrical.
The output stage of the amplifier operates in class AB, the minimum coefficient of nonlinear distortion allows the amplifier to be classified as hi-fi (Hi-Fi). Such an amplifier is also excellent for powerful broadband speaker systems, but due to the relatively simple schematic isolation and high output power, the amplifier is often repeated precisely to power rather powerful subwoofer heads.
The peak output power of this amplifier is 390 watts into a 4 ohm load, but the amplifier works great with low impedance loads down to 2 ohms.
The archive contains a fully working PCB for this amplifier.
The assembly begins with etching the PCB. For etching, I use a solution of hydrogen peroxide (3% solution, which is sold in pharmacies, 100mg bottles), citric acid and sodium chloride. The board is etched in a maximum of an hour, after which you need to wash off the toner and drill holes.
Installation begins with installation small components - resistors, zener diodes and ceramic capacitors. I advise you to thoroughly check all components before assembling, even if they are completely new. After that, we solder the low-power transistors of the differential stages - where the initial sound is formed.
———————— The coil is wound on a rim with a diameter of 10-12 cm with a 0.8 mm wire and contains 10-12 turns, the coil can even be removed, this will not affect the sound in any way.
The input capacitor is necessarily film, the capacitance can be selected in the regions of 1-4.7 μF, since the amplifier was originally intended for a subwoofer, and by increasing the capacitance of this capacitor, you can achieve the best reproduction of low frequencies (bass).
After complete installation of all components, we wash off the rosin from the back of the board. DO NOT use all kinds of soldering fluxes with unknown content, since they are often made on an acid basis, and it is because of the flux that the entire circuit can be burned. We reinforce the power tracks with tin to prevent them from burning out.
It is advisable to tin all the tracks of the board before installation, since copper sooner or later oxidizes, and the tin layer forms additional protection.
Check carefully the correct connection of transistors, electrolytes and zener diodes, in order to avoid problems, you should use only those transistors that are indicated in the diagram, especially if you are a beginner or are assembling a Lanzar circuit for the first time. Zener diodes, if connected incorrectly, will not stabilize the voltage, but will work as a diode and malfunctions, smoke, explosion will begin ...
After verifying that all components are connected correctly, the amplifier can be started up.
Lanzar, like any other powerful ULF circuit, is powered by a bipolar voltage source. The input voltage rating can be from bipolar 25/30 to 75 Volts, but I do not advise starting at the maximum, therefore +/- 50 Volt power is the most suitable input power rating.
—————————- For the initial start-up of the circuit, you need to have on hand a power supply for the specified voltage, the power of the unit is 100 watts (although to start the amplifier at full power, you need a power supply with a capacity of 300-400 watts.
The transformer is connected to a 220 Volt network through a 220 Volt incandescent lamp 100-150 watts. The lamp serves as additional insurance, burn fewer components in case of malfunction. It should be noted that for the normal operation of the power amplifier after the diode rectifier, a good block of capacitors is needed, the total capacitance of all capacitors in one arm should be 10000-30000 mkF, the voltage of the capacitors is preferably 100 Volts (with a double margin).
The limiting resistors for powering the differential stage are selected based on the supply voltage according to the table below.
Power supply ± 70 V - 3.3 kOhm ... 3.9 kOhm
Power supply ± 60 V - 2.7 kOhm ... 3.3 kOhm
Power supply ± 50 V - 2.2 kOhm ... 2.7 kOhm
Power supply ± 40 V - 1.5 kOhm ... 2.2 kOhm
Power supply ± 30 V - 1.0 kOhm ... 1.5 kOhm
Select limiting resistors with a power of 1-2 watts.
The first start of the amplifier is done with the INPUT SHORTED TO EARTH, do not confuse the ground with the minus! - ground, this is the midpoint from the transformer.
For starters, there is no need for heat sinks for the terminals. We connect the transformer to the 220 Volt network, if there are no pops and special effects, then we cut off the power and check the heat generation on the field keys by touch, if nothing is felt, then we solder the input from the ground and play the music, first from the mobile phone. We turn on the amplifier again, if the music is playing, then everything is ok.
For maximum power the input must be a signal from a more powerful sound source, the car radio is just such a source.
We turn on the amplifier to music for 10-25 minutes at 40% volume, then it's time to adjust the quiescent current of the output stage, for this a photo is attached.
Thus, we have finished assembling the amplifier, you can rejoice, since an amplifier of this kind costs a lot of money, in the end, buying is one thing, and making your own amplifier with your own hands is quite another.
Archive to the article ... DOWNLOAD ...
This amplifier can be ordered - [email protected]
Best regards - AKA KASYAN
It will have different dimensions and the complexity of building a circuit. The article will touch upon three types of amplifiers at once - on transistors, microcircuits and lamps. And it's worth starting with the latter.
Tube ULF
These can often be found in old equipment - televisions, radios. Despite its obsolescence, this technique is still popular with music lovers. There is an opinion that tube sound is much cleaner and more beautiful than “digitized” sound. It is quite possible, in any case, such an effect as from lamps cannot be achieved by using transistor circuits. It is worth noting that the sound amplifier circuit (the simplest, using tubes) can be implemented on only one triode.
In this case, it is necessary to apply the signal to the radio tube grid. A bias voltage is applied to the cathode - it is corrected by selecting the resistance in the circuit. A supply voltage (over 150 volts) is supplied to the anode through the capacitor and the primary winding of the transformer. Accordingly, the secondary winding is connected to the speaker. But this is a simple circuit, and in practice, two- or three-stage designs are often used, in which there is a preliminary and final amplifier (on powerful lamps).
Disadvantages and advantages of lamp designs
What is the disadvantage of lamp technology? It was mentioned above that the anode voltage should be over 150 volts. In addition to this, a 6.3 V AC voltage is required to power the lamp filaments. Sometimes 12.6 V is required, as there are lamps with this filament voltage. Hence, the conclusion is that there is a huge need to use massive transformers.
But there are advantages that distinguish lamp technology from transistor technology: ease of installation, durability, it is almost impossible to disable the entire circuit. Unless you need to break the bulb of the lamp to break it. What can not be said about transistors - an overheated soldering iron tip or static can easily destroy the structure of the junction. The same problem with microcircuits.
Transistor circuits
Above is a diagram of a transistorized sound amplifier. As you can see, it is quite complex - a large number of components are used that allow the entire system to work. But if you break them down into small components, it turns out that not everything is so difficult. And the whole circuit works in almost the same way as the one described above for a vacuum triode. Basically, a semiconductor transistor is nothing more than a triode.
The simplest design is a circuit based on one semiconductor, to the base of which three voltages are applied at once: from the positive power supply through the positive resistance and from the common wire negative, as well as from the signal source. An amplified signal is removed from the collector. Above is an example of a sound amplifier circuit (the simplest on transistors). It is not used in its pure form.
Microcircuits
The amplifier on microcircuits will be much more modern and of better quality. Fortunately, today there are a great many of them. The simplest circuit of a sound amplifier on a microcircuit contains an extremely small number of elements. And anyone who knows how to handle a soldering iron more or less tolerably can make a good ULF on their own. As a rule, microcircuits contain a couple of capacitors and resistances.
All other elements necessary for operation are present in the crystal itself. But the most important thing is nutrition. Some designs require the use of bipolar power supplies. Often the problem arises in them. Microcircuits that need this kind of power, for example, are quite difficult to use to make a car amplifier.
Useful "gadgets"
Since the conversation has begun about amplifiers on microcircuits, it will be useful to mention that they can be used with timbre blocks. Microcircuits are produced especially for such devices. They contain all the necessary components, it remains only to correctly install the entire device.
And you will have the opportunity to make adjustments to the timbre of the sound of music. Together with the LED equalizer, it will be not only convenient, but also a beautiful sound visualization tool. And the most interesting thing for car audio lovers is, of course, the ability to connect a subwoofer. But a separate section should be devoted to this, because the topic is interesting and informative.
The subwoofer is easy
The advantages of modern amplifiers on microcircuits
Having considered all possible types of amplifiers, we can conclude: the highest quality and simplest ones are made only on a modern element base. A lot of microcircuits are produced specifically for low frequency amplifiers. An example is the ULF type TDA with various numerical designations.
They are used almost everywhere, since there are both low-power and powerful microcircuits. For example, for portable computer speakers, it is best to use microcircuits with a power of no more than 2-3 watts. But for automotive equipment or home theater acoustics, it is advisable to use microcircuits with a power of over 30 watts. But note that you need sound protection. The circuits must contain a fuse that will protect against short circuits in the circuit.
The plus is that a massive power supply is not required, so you can easily use a ready-made one, for example, from a laptop, PC, old MFPs (new ones, as a rule, have a power supply inside). Ease of installation is what is important for novice radio amateurs. The only thing that is required for such devices is high-quality cooling. If we are talking about powerful technology, then you will have to install a forced one - one or more coolers on the radiator.
