1. ROSA Linux
The ROSA Linux distribution kit is being developed by the Russian company STC IT ROSA or the Scientific and Technical Center of Information Technologies "Russian Operating Systems", the development began in 2007 and to this day there have been many improvements.
The distribution was originally based on Mandriva, the desktop version and the server version were based on Red Hat. But after Mandriva was closed, the OpenMandriva project was based on Rosa Linux.
It is an easy-to-use and easy-to-install system that provides most of the software needed by the average user out of the box.
All necessary media codecs are also supplied with the distribution kit. The system interface and window layout are a bit similar to the Windows style, and this will help new users get better at using the system.
KDE is used as a desktop shell. In addition, the Rosa developers bring many improvements and fixes to most of the packages they ship.
2. Calculate Linux
Calculate Linux is developed by Alexander Tratsevsky from Russia. This distribution is based on Gentoo and includes all its benefits, plus many additional features and a graphical installer.
The development of the project began back in 2007. Calculate is especially good for a business environment. It is optimized for fast deployment, you can set up a configuration on one computer and use it on all others.
The user under his account can use the system regardless of the computer. The latest version of Calculate is 15.12. This release adds the ability to create LiveUSB, add support for the open source AMDGPU driver, and many other improvements.
3. ZorinOS
The ZorinOS operating system was developed by Artem Zorin, a native of Russia, who is currently located in Ireland.
This is another enterprise-class distribution very similar to Windows. ZorinOS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome 3 desktop environment and its own Zorin DE shell to organize the user interface.
The latest stable release, ZorinOS 9, is based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and the most recent, ZorinOS 11, is based on Ubuntu 15.10. A feature of ZorinOS is its own design themes, similar at the same time to Windows XP and 7, as well as a utility for managing themes that allows you to customize the appearance of the desktop.
Currently ZorinOS comes in two main versions - stable 9 and the newest 11. Both versions have Core, Lite, Business and Ultimate editions. The first two editions are free, while the last two are available for 8.99 and 9.99 respectively.
4. Runtu
This distribution was probably the first Linux distribution for many Russians. It is based on Ubuntu and offers improved Russian language localization. The development of the project began back in 2007.
Then Alexey Chernomorenko and Alexander Becher prepared a special Ubuntu assembly for a report at a scientific conference on open source software: Ubuntu Full Power Linux.
Later, this assembly gained popularity among users and in the field of education and was renamed Runtu.
The main goal of this distro is to provide beginners with a perfectly localized and simple system with all the software they need out of the box. In addition, there is also its own software, such as the Runtu Assistant utility, which will help new users to better configure the system.
Runtu was last released in March 2015. The software has been updated, 64 bit support has been added and some fixes have been made.
5. Astra Linux
The Astra Linux distribution is developed by NPO RusBITech for military purposes, law enforcement agencies and the FSB.
The distribution is focused on data protection and is used in various government agencies.
The distribution kit is delivered in two editions: Spesial Edition and Common Edition.
The general edition is intended for enterprises, the special edition is for special services. A lot of proprietary software comes with the system.
All applications developed by the authors of the distribution are prefixed with fly. These are fly-fm - file manager, Fly panel, fly-admin-wicd - network connection manager, fly-update-notifier - update widget, Fly terminal, fly-videocamera, fly-record - sound recording, fly-cddvdburner, fly- ocr - text recognition, etc. By the way, it is important to note that the fly file manager is very similar to Windows Explorer.
The last release, at the time of this writing, took place on March 17, 2016, and this is Astra Linux version 1.11.
6. ALT Linux
ALT Linux is being developed by the Russian company of the same name: Alt Linux.
And again, the operating system is designed for the business sector.
All the software you need for office work, graphics, audio, video and programming is supplied by default.
During installation, you can select the components of the distribution kit to install, and thus form the functionality of the distribution kit.
The default desktop environment is KDE 4.
The minimum system requirements are 768 megabytes of RAM, as well as a video card with 3D acceleration support.
The newest version of Alt Linux at the moment is 7.0.5, which was released in early 2015.
7. Agilia Linux
Another distribution kit of Russian origin.
Formerly known as MOPS Linux.
Originally based on Slackware Linux. It combines beauty and speed.
Unlike MOPS, the installer has been completely redesigned and the number of applications supplied by default has been increased. The frequency of the release is once every three months.
The need for the accelerated development of the domestic software market, ensuring maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technologies and maintaining information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations ... It was then that the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation was seriously puzzled by the solution of this strategically significant, according to officials, issue along with stimulating demand for national products and working out appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in the implementation of state and municipal purchases, as well as the rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level as soon as possible. All this had a positive effect on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.
Alt Linux SPT is a unified Linux-based distribution kit for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in information security software, which can be used to build automated systems for class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (ISPDN) for class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process confidential data on one personal computer or server, provide multi-user work with differentiated access to information, work with virtual machines, and use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the compliance of the product with the requirements of the following guidelines: “Computer facilities. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information "- for the 4th security class; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Software for information security. Classification by the level of lack of undeclared capabilities "- by the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by Free Software and Technologies through its developer partner Basalt SPO.
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Developer: "Basalt SPO" company
The Alt platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal "Alt Workstation", which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the Alt Server server distribution kit, which can act as an Active Directory domain controller and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, team work, virtual machine management and monitoring, etc. tools). The third - "Alt Education 8", focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users are presented in the series of products of the company "Basalt SPO".
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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the state corporation "Rostec")
Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for the complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the versions "OS. Office" and "OS. Server". They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a software package for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, an e-mail server and a DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, state-owned companies and state corporations. It is assumed that the OSi-based ecosystem in the near future will become a full-fledged alternative to Western counterparts.
Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest version of the OS: advanced means of ensuring information security of the processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, registering events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components providing information protection. According to the assurances of the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform that is simultaneously certified in the certification systems of information security tools of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated tools of all ministries, departments and other institutions of the Russian Federation restricted information containing components of the state secret information with a stamp not higher than "top secret".
⇡ ROSALinux
Developer: STC IT ROSA LLC
The ROSA Linux family of operating systems includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components, including the original ones, created by the programmers of the ROSA scientific and technical center of information technologies. In particular, OS distributions for the corporate market segment include virtualization tools, backup software, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and storage systems.
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Developer: Calculate company
Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, Scratch Server editions and is designed for home users and small and medium-sized businesses who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full work in heterogeneous networks, roaming user profiles mechanism, centralized software deployment toolkit, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is available and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.
⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »
Developer: Sergey Volkov
The operating system, which is built on the basis of the free platform FreeBSD and contains the necessary set of applications for home users and office tasks. According to the sole OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as light as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” the author of the project claims, without going into details of what exactly the product compiled by him is different from the original. The solidity of the project is added not only by the presence of a distribution kit distributed on a commercial basis and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the register of Russian software. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can legally be used by state organizations in the framework of projects to introduce import substitution technologies.
A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 "On Personal Data" and implement systems for processing information of limited access, not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for the 3rd security class, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform also includes compatibility with the authentication means of the company "Aladdin R.D." and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system according to customer requirements.
⇡ Alfa OS
Developer: ALFA Vision company
Another Linux clone, equipped with a user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No kidding, on the developer's website in the "About the company" section, it says: " The operating system is a special phenomenon, the point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A top that is visible from all sides. For it to shine, to become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experience is needed. And we have it". How much expression there is in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. At the moment, "Alpha OS" is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out to the market a mobile and server edition of the OS, as well as an assembly of the distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.
A software platform designed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A feature of the system is a radically redesigned Linux kernel, in which special mechanisms for managing processes, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, and support for tagged computations were implemented. " We have done fundamental work on transforming the Linux operating system into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which we implemented relevant optimizations in the kernel. In the course of work in real time, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives and some others", - explain in the company" MCST ". In addition, a complex of information protection means from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows the operating system to be used to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes tools for archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.
⇡ "EdOS "
An operating system based on the Linux kernel, created with an eye to ensuring the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with national requirements for information protection, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to track critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools to quickly respond to incidents. IB.
⇡ GosLinux ("GosLinux")
Developer: Red Soft company
OS GosLinux was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state non-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the basis of the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the revision, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the FSSP of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level OUD3 and meets the requirements of the guidance document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution kit for government bodies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. At the moment, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the FSSP of Russia. Also, the OS was transferred for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.
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Developer: LLC "Almi"
Product site:
Another Linux build on our list that definitely does not suffer from a lack of praise from the developers. " Unique, perfect, simple, combining the convenience of a Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux"- with such phrases raising AlterOS to heaven, the official website of the product is stitched up and down. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform, the site does not say, but provides information on three editions of the OS: AlterOS Volga for the public sector, AlterOS Amur for the corporate segment and AlterOS Don for servers. It is reported that the system is compatible with a variety of software solutions that are in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic crypto protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). A separate emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.
⇡ Armed Forces Mobile System (MSVS)
Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after V.I. V. V. Solomatina (VNIINS)
A secure general-purpose operating system designed to build stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. The MSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models of differentiating access to information. The system operates on hardware platforms Intel (x86 and x86_64), SPARC (Elbrus-90mikro), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security tools implemented in the WSWS allow the creation of automated systems on the basis of the platform that process information constituting a state secret and having a "SS" (top secret) degree of secrecy.
⇡ "Zarya"
Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")
A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and at defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or a database server. For building data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, and the ability to work on the so-called "big hardware", including mainframes. For embedded systems that work without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS "Zarya RV" has been developed. The system complies with the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.
Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workplaces using thin clients. All functions outside this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports a variety of application-level network protocols (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure permissions for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, contains configuration recovery tools OS on reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workplaces. The peculiarity of the system is high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Aktiv-soft CJSC. The OS update can be carried out by the administrator via a local network or from a USB drive. It is possible to configure auto-update both from the customer's local server and from the server of the Kraftway company.
⇡ WTware
Developer: Andrey Kovalev
Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. WTware distribution kit includes services for network booting, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. Supports COM and USB port forwarding and smart card authentication. The RDP protocol is used to connect to the terminal server, and detailed documentation is attached to the distribution kit to promptly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system. WTware is distributed on commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi mini-computer, the developer offers a free version of the OS.
⇡ KasperskyOS
Developer: "Kaspersky Lab"
A secure operating system designed for use on mission-critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated process control systems (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic principle of operation of KasperskyOS is reduced to the rule “everything that is not allowed is prohibited”. This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on the execution of certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types of equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, the secure operating system of Kaspersky Lab has been integrated into the L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.
Real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing someone else's code, and intended primarily for the Internet of things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, smart home and smart city systems, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAKS real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017 year. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of this type of product, but also has a number of unique possibilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, which make it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot swap of equipment, etc. One of the MAKS features is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism provides automatic synchronization of information between the nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAKS" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently being certified by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).
⇡ As a conclusion
There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the revision of the borrowed source codes. This is what the Russian software companies working in the field of import substitution of software adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems labeled "Made in Russia" are a clear confirmation of this. Good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.
Good day, Fighters! This article is about my little experiment on working in another operating system like "Rosa". Although a risky step, it is really, long overdue, like a corn, by which it is quite possible to understand the Windows OS.
In one word, I was practically disappointed in her, and why, I suppose, everyone guesses. Everyone knows how much of a hassle in maintenance Windows OS delivers. These are various glitches, and freezes, and incomprehensible errors like "The instruction has come to the address ..."
And if the system realized that you are in a hurry, then, as if alive, immediately a hundred pounds starts to glitch, hang and dull)))
I don't understand the policy of this company ... Why not focus on polishing and optimizing the program code, developing a friendly control panel, an intuitive interface and other things that will eventually merge into a superOS? After all, the result would be stability, reliability, convenience and speed in work! But instead, the “line of versions” is only lengthened:… XP, 7, 8. I especially liked the “Eight, having launched which I really could not get into the“ Documents ”for about forty minutes! I remember that my eyes were bloodshot with anger - there was a lot of work, and here I’m trying to figure out “where and what”)
This phenomenon was a little eased by the fact that I was not the only one who had the same problems. They say that the old man himself Bill Gates swore terribly when, rubbing his hands with anticipation, he launched the Eight for the first time.))))
As we all know, things don't get better over time. Remember the seven and how well it worked. I literally flew! Now, having got drunk on various updates like a pig of slop, this version is incredibly consuming resources and has become clumsy like a hippo. Then 8, after a year 8.1. I heard that there will be 10. But the problems remained. I'm not saying that the "Eight" was created exclusively for touch monitors, which then did not exist! I am surprised that the company did not close after such tricks at all, due to a drop in the level of general confidence, and therefore, lost profits.
It is more than obvious that ordinary users of the company are easy to sneeze at. And where do we go - after all, Windows is installed on almost all computers and a great variety of games, programs and applications are “written” for it.
The situation reminds me of large companies in the computer games market, which also do not want to look for any new ideas, approaches, etc., but simply rework an existing game, creating a kind of remake, and the end user is told that “... This game is definitely a game for everyone the game! This is what you all dream about and see in your dreams. ”
And as soon as the game goes on sale, as soon as it turns out that this whole thing is another portion of shnyaga.
Well, you must agree that it is stupid to create a certain "product" and not take into account the interests of those who will lay out cash for it. The capitalists must understand this: the pursuit of profit and the like. But since the company returned the "Start" button to its place for two years, then ... then we will have to wait for a perfect Windows for a long time. Well, or at least fast and stable)
Apple has the correct policy in this regard. We created our own OS and now they are polishing its code with some perverse pleasure. I heard that the latest version (or update? What do they have there?) Has lost as much as one and a half gigabytes! This is real work! And hence, the stability of the system as a whole, and the reinstallation requires so rarely that such a thing almost turns into an event of world significance ”))).
Of course, Windows has plenty of merit, such as simplicity, but currently I work at Rose most of the time.
ROSA Desktop Fresh. Probably the only truly high-quality domestic multivariate Operating System that combines an elegant design and a carefully selected set of application software. Here's a great demo video.
It is a free Russian operating system developed by Rosa, based on Linux and aimed at users of various levels, who can appreciate the speed, stability, ease of use and ease of mastering the OS. In addition, it is worth noting a wide range of compatible equipment ...
1. The very first and very important thing, that is, “everything is included”. That is, a completely ready-to-use system and no need to look for a driver. Install and use.
To tell the truth, I didn't even understand it at first. And only a few hours later, I noticed that the Internet is there, the music is playing, the ports are working, the periphery is functioning! So yes! The problem with the drivers is gone!
2. Guest mode. A convenient thing, and first of all for those who are afraid to demolish the familiar system right away and switch to a new one. That is, we first create an installation flash drive and boot through it. The system is not installed, but as if it functions from a flash drive in a trial version as many times as desired.
3. Convenience . Everyone understands that working with a program in which the devil breaks his leg is not that inconvenient, but simply “powerlessly awful”! Read, for example, reviews about the iTunes program, which every IPhone user is perfectly familiar with. The number of swear words per square centimeter of commentary is simply amazing, and there are several hundred swearing ones! And I perfectly understand these authors. A creepy and wildly inconvenient program in which you really figure out figs! I remember the last comment at that moment, something like: “Guys, can you imagine? I bought Android and just grabbed and dragged the file from Desktop to my phone! " And everyone is like, "Ooh, ooh, lucky!"
True, after Windows in "Rose" it is a little unusual to work with "rooms" and "tables", but you get used to it pretty quickly)
4. Friendly interface. Very convenient and thoughtful, by the way. It is very important. Everything is where it should be and can be easily found without any digging in additional instructions. And the "Start" button, by the way, too, is, however, a little different, when you click on which you find yourself in a kind of desktop, reminiscent of the menus of "androids" and "iPhones".
5. Virus resistant. The risk of infecting your computer with some kind of Internet infection is minimal, which means that you can view any sites without significant fear. Who would ever think of writing "malware" in order to infect one computer in ten thousand? Although, please note, I still installed the antivirus - I brought up a habit of security)
6. Completely free . A very wise move on the part of the developers. Here Apple, too, for their operating system now do not take anything. And rightly so, because the freebie promotes distribution. Of course, you can do it in another way, just impose, as Windows did. Remember: about seven years ago, any computer was not originally equipped with an OS, and the user could stop any version. Now everything is exactly the opposite, and this is a clever marketing ploy of Microsoft, which, having collected statistics, found out that the percentage of Russian users installing alternative operating systems is growing all the time. So they began to "complete" Russian computers, but you will not find a normal working seven in the daytime with fire. The same installation disks with the 7th that users have are valued by the users themselves almost worth its weight in gold, since a very successful modification of Vista has turned out. It would still be better optimized, or even five million lines of program code!
7. And finally, "ROSA" RUSSIAN! Which cannot but rejoice) I confess that the fact that Russia is trailing in the tail of IT-technologies makes me somewhat annoying. But back in the early 60s of the last century, we created computers based on the TRINITY CODE! can you imagine it?
No, in order to create an appropriate institute similar to the Stalinist "sharashka", to drive up specialists, isolate them from the outside world and develop an operational system with a package of necessary programs. In China, as far as I know, they were very much puzzled by such a project and spend hundreds of millions annually on this business.
Yes, as a matter of fact, I didn't even have to develop programs, because I am sure that such companies as “Adobe” and the like would immediately release modifications of their products for the new System. And it’s impossible in another way - the Russian market is big and it transfers money to companies for prog purchases immeasurably. So, we would strain and modify. Wouldn't have gone anywhere, hehe)))
Okay, now some cons.
At the heart of "Dew" is some kind of abandoned version of Linux, the rights to polish which have passed to our company. I foresee that many will immediately "stand up" and start asking: "... If so, what kind of" Dew ", it turns out, is Russian?" But we will not listen to such "trolls in sailors". They just want to play with their tongues, but those who want to try "Rosa" in action after this article should understand one point well.
It is different and you should not look for a complete analogue of Windows in it. Each system is good in its own way and has its own advantages and disadvantages. There is no ideal system yet, and such a system will not be created very soon.
Well, if all the same about the shortcomings, then, of course, the system is still somewhat damp, but no more than Windows, which releases modification after modification, but "things are still there".
So, first: the installer is rather weak. Second, a rather gluttonous KDE desktop. Further: It seems to be impossible to install it in parallel with another, as is sometimes done.
Well, the most important disadvantage. Recently, the development of "Rosa" has significantly slowed down, which means that new functions have ceased to appear, and the enterprise itself clearly has a shortage of human resources. True, I heard that they are now working in the defense industry, ”because the work is paid there, and this version of the Rosa Desktop system exists exclusively on a charitable basis.
Users are usually interested in two points: "Is it possible to run Photoshop on Rose?" and “Can I run the World of Tanks client”. At the expense of "World of Tanks" I will say right away: in the demo video posted at the beginning of the article, at the fifteenth second, you can see the shortcut of this client. So, installation is possible, but how, I don't know, because I haven't played for a long time. Next, regarding the question about Photoshop, since there are a couple of ways to launch it.
The first way. By installing Win, and then through the winetricks script, configure Wine to launch Photoshop .
Second way. Use PlayOnLinux, which allows you to run applications under Windows. In theory, the aforementioned client too.
Google for details.
Articles small summary:
The Russian operating system "Rosa Desktop Fresh" is an excellent option for both the basic user and for demonstration to friends and acquaintances. Of course, there are several other very good developments, for example, based on "Elbrus" or almost from scratch designed by a single person in his apartment, ReactOS, but this is considered the first, suitable for you and me, because:
The operating system "Rosa" is efficient, stable, fast and not buggy. When I tested it, I installed it on a virtual machine and ran it there. An interesting observation. The laptop itself (I have an HP with an intel (R) Core ™ i7-3630 2.4GHz 8GB RAM) starts to run quieter, although in theory it should scream like a locomotive, because the main system is running, plus VirtualBox, and it has another OS spinning. But the opposite is true. The case is incomprehensible, but good).
It is well suited for the average, ordinary user for ordinary purposes. Surf the Internet, type letters, read books-texts, sit on Odnoklassniki, watch films, and in high quality. That is, for a user for whom the basic package already includes a set of necessary programs such as a torrent client or "online radio", this will be more than enough.
For serious, highly specialized work, it will not work, but not because "Rosa" is flawed, but because of the lack of software necessary for a specialist, for example, Photoshop "or a full-fledged 3D editor. For example, I myself sometimes like to simulate something futuristic in the 3D editor Cinema 4D - and not Blender, which can be launched even on Rose, but it is inconvenient for me! This means that sometimes you will have to sit in Windows.
On the Internet, patriots are trolled in the style: "Here you are reading this message on a Chinese computer with American programs, it is not Orthodox"... Now, if you had everything completely domestic ... Moreover, now “for this shop” you can easily win a large government contract: for the sake of such a business, many equipment manufacturers have already begun to produce it at contract factories among birches dear to our hearts.
Charlatans like the schoolboy who drew the screensaver and announced the creation of the BolgenOS operating system, we do not take into account, but the expense - but it turns out that Russia is full of serious developments.
Not very Russian ROSA Linux
For example, ROSA Linux (read not as "rose", but as "dew" that is on the grass in the morning). It can hardly be considered completely Russian, because these are actually further branches of the development of foreign assemblies of Mandriva and Red Hat. The home version is called Rosa Fresh; the last build was released in August 2016.
The advantage of this free assembly in comparison with the same Ubuntu is the ability to choose a graphical interface (KDE or Gnome), the presence of drivers "out of the box" for a large number of devices, including proprietary (say, NVIDIA video cards), and pre-installed software - such as Skype, Java, Flash, Steam, your own omnivorous media player, etc., as well as convenient tools for creating restore points.
ROSA 2012LTS operating system desktop.
Astra Linux
Astra Linux is another Russian Linux assembly (originally created on the basis of Debian), developed for security forces and special services. It is distinguished by the highest level of security and is certified to work with information containing state secrets. To heighten patriotism, all releases are named after the hero cities of Russia.
Now relevant "Eagle" - a version for everyday office, sorry, office tasks and "Smolensk" for working with information of the "Top Secret" category. "Novorossiysk", a mobile version of the operating system for smartphones and tablets with ARM processors, is getting ready for release.
From a technical point of view, Astra differs from all other Linux systems by its own patented access control system, and also has a number of other data protection functions - for example, when a file is deleted, it is completely deleted and the space it occupied is filled with random masking data sequences (in other operating systems, by default, only write to FAT is changed, and in order to prevent the deleted file from being read by sector-by-sector reading of the drive, special utilities are used).
Operating system of general system purpose Astra Linux Common Edition.
Intelligence software
Zarya is another Linux special-purpose assembly (based on Red Hat), it is used exclusively in the Russian army and exists in the form of several assemblies - for workstations, for data centers, for specialized computerized complexes, etc.
There is also MSVS - "Mobile System of the Armed Forces" and GosLinux - OS for the Federal Bailiff Service (also based on Red Hat). There are statistics on the latter: it is installed on 660 servers and 16 thousand workstations, while the cost of a copy in terms of one computer turned out to be equal to 1,500 rubles. As it is installed on a larger number of PCs by the end of 2016 (then it will be installed on half of the FSSP computers), the average cost will drop to 800 rubles. In any case, it is several times cheaper than licenses for Windows and MS Office.
Elbrus
Elbrus is an operating system for computers with Russian processors of the same name. Since these processors, although compatible with x86, have their own unique architecture, they decided to develop a special OS - again, on the Linux kernel - that takes into account the peculiarities of the CPU and makes the most of their advantages.
VK Monocub-PC is a personal computer based on the Elbrus-2C + microprocessor with the Elbrus / MCST operating system.
Software from scratch
All of the above operating systems, unfortunately, are not entirely Russian developments, since these are various variations on the topic of foreign Linux. However, we also have our own OS called "Phantom", developed from scratch.
One of the key features of "Phantom" is persistence, which means that applications work without stopping and even "do not know" that the computer was turned off or restarted - work continues exactly from the same moment. This is somewhat similar to hibernation in other systems (where the contents of memory are written to disk in the form of files and then loaded), but it is guaranteed to work without crashing drivers and programs, and everything happens automatically. Even if you suddenly turn off the computer, the data will not be lost and after turning it back on, everything will be the same as a few seconds before turning it off.
There is only one problem with "Phantom": for it you need to write (or port from Unix-systems) application software, and then the chicken-and-egg problem arises: until there is at least some penetration of the OS, no one wants to write programs for it, but for now no programs - no penetration.
To make both the OS and the programs at the same time requires huge investments, which the small company Digital Zone, the author of "Phantom", does not have. Therefore, the system exists as an alpha version for 32-bit x86 processors and the prospects for its further development are very vague.
Actually, programs do not need to be able to write their state to a file, and in general, Phantom operates not with “files”, but with “objects”. According to the creators of the OS, it is much easier to write programs for it and 30% cheaper.
Disguise as Russian software
We should also remember about the noise that arose around Sailfish OS after our minister Nikolai Nikiforov met with the leaders of the Finnish Jolla. A year ago, Jolla was bought by Russian businessman Grigory Berezkin and even won the competition of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications for import substitution in the OS segment for mobile devices.
Since then, nothing has happened, and there is nothing Russian, except for the buyer, in Sailfish so far. Nevertheless, there is talk that a new mobile operating system will be developed in Innopolis in Russia, aimed at export.
Many media outlets came out with headlines that this is the creation of a domestic mobile operating system. But on the Internet a priori there are no boundaries, all products must be global. On the contrary, we would like Russian developers to participate in the creation of a product that will be export-oriented, and ideally become a platform for the BRICS countries.
Nikolay Nikiforov
Minister of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation
And here there is a certain logical trick: Nikiforov considers the open operating system Sailfish one of the possible candidates to become a platform for further import substitution in the IT field. However, nothing is said about the fact that Sailfish will be developed in Innopolis. But it is said that the Open Mobile Platform company, which suddenly belongs to Berezkin, will only take the foreign Sailfish as a basis and modify it for ordinary Russian users. That is, this is not just another "Linux for the public sector", but an OS for the mass market.
Let's discard all these streamlined wording: it is clear that under the guise of a Russian mobile OS we will be shown exactly the redesigned Sailfish. She, in turn, is a Linux-like heir to the MeeGo and Maemo platforms, which were developed at Nokia and were "killed" by Stephen Elop, a sent Cossack from Microsoft, because they were competitors of Windows Phone. One device, Nokia N9, was released, however.
An error occurred during download.
What Sailfish OS 2.0 looks like for Jolla device users.Sailfish can run Android applications, so there will be no problems with the software, however, it is difficult for the user to explain why he should launch Android applications not on Android, but on a smartphone with a different operating system.
The main advantage of Sailfish is that it does not depend on Google and its services (this is why, for example, Samsung developed Bada and Tizen). The user is promised a little magic, like Apple, and the programmers - the ease of creating applications without problems with fragmentation. According to rumors, Yotaphone 3 will be released on Sailfish.
What's the bottom line?
The bottom line is that we have this: all "live" Russian operating systems are actually redesigned Linux assemblies for specific tasks. They fulfill their tasks of saving the state budget and ensuring the safety of data. The degree of patriotism is being raised. Sysadmins and software developers are given jobs. That is, everything is fine.
To install the ROSA Linux operating system, you need to prepare your computer, select and download an image, burn it to a USB drive ("flash drive") or DVD, and finally install the system. All of this is not that difficult and if your computer turns out to be well compatible with ROSA Linux, even a novice user can handle the installation.
Preparing your computer
The easiest way is to install ROSA Linux on an empty disk or delete all information on the disk. But this option is not very convenient - most likely you have important documents or photographs, or maybe you want to keep Windows or another system next to ROSA Linux so that you can work both there and there.
If you already have another system installed and you want to keep it, you may need to clear some free space for our Linux. We recommend using the tools that are built into your already installed system to change partitions on the disk so that there is free, unallocated space of at least 20 GiB. The ROSA Linux installer can do it himself, but usually any system processes its partitions most correctly. Also, if you are using the latest versions of Windows, it is recommended to disable the "quick start" technology in them with the command
Powercfg -h off
Note
It is recommended to do the installation on a computer connected to the Internet using a cable. This will allow the installer to automatically determine the answers to most of the questions and make it possible to install drivers for wifi (if they are not immediately determined)
Choosing a Desktop Image and Environment
Actual images of ROSA
- ROSA Desktop Fresh R9 is the first platform release 2016.1, which will be supported for 4 years, in accordance with the release policy, until the development of the new platform 2018.1 is completed. R9 features new software versions and is recommended primarily for enthusiasts.
- ROSA Desktop Fresh R8.1 - For users who prefer stability.
Desktop environments
Unlike Windows, in ROSA Linux you can choose different desktop environments to your liking and download an image with them.
Available desktop environments:
- ROSA R8 distribution
- ROSA R9 distribution
There are also two architectures available - i586 and x64, respectively - 32-bit and 64-bit. 64-bit uses significantly more RAM but is slightly faster, 32-bit programs such as skype or steam work fine on a 64-bit system. You also need to take into account that some programs, for example viber or WarThunder are only available in 64-bit, which means they need a 64-bit system. Modern computers also use UEFI technology.
In short, if you have a modern computer with more than 2 Gib of memory, then choose the image x64UEFI if memory 1 or 2 Gib - 32-bit architecture i586.
Note
You can evaluate how the selected ROSA Linux image will work on your computer even without installation, for this you need to boot into Live-mode by selecting in the boot menu Start ROSA Desktop
Writing an image to a USB drive and booting from it
Most often, ROSA Linux is installed on a computer using a USB drive. To install, you need a 4GB or more flash drive and ROSA ImageWriter. Select in this program your flash drive and the image you have chosen and click "Burn"
Now you need to reboot from the flash drive. Typically, this requires you to select a reboot order in the BIOS of your computer. How to do this depends on the specific computer model and is described in its documentation, often for this, pressing the F12 or F2 keys is used at the very beginning of the boot.
Installation in free space
If you have cleared space for ROSA Linux before installing, select install to free space in the installer.
Installation problems
Most of the installation questions can be resolved with Errata
Other installation methods
Installation in VirtualBox
Console image capture
To write an image in the text mode of the console (this is only possible on Linux operating systems):
- Install the "dd_rescue" package.
- Insert the flash drive into the USB connector.
- Give the command from Root (we assume that your flash drive is visible to the system as / dev / sdb, this can be checked with the command blkid)
Warning
Carefully! If you incorrectly specify the drive for recording in the commands ddrescue or dd, then its contents will be destroyed!
You can also write the image using the command dd with parameter bs = 8M For example:
dd if = ROSA.iso of = / dev / sdb bs = 8M; syncInstall from DVD
Some older computers cannot boot from USB drives, so you have to install ROSA Fresh from DVDs. Burn the image to DVD and boot from it, installation is completely similar to installation from a USB flash drive. Use good discs and not too fast write speed, otherwise the installation process may fail.
