Dew is our multifunctional operating system. Russian operating systems: they exist, but why

1. ROSA Linux

The ROSA Linux distribution kit is being developed by the Russian company STC IT ROSA or the Scientific and Technical Center of Information Technologies "Russian Operating Systems", the development began in 2007 and to this day there have been many improvements.

The distribution was originally based on Mandriva, the desktop version and the server version were based on Red Hat. But after Mandriva was closed, the OpenMandriva project was based on Rosa Linux.

It is an easy-to-use and easy-to-install system that provides most of the software needed by the average user out of the box.

All necessary media codecs are also supplied with the distribution kit. The system interface and window layout are a bit similar to the Windows style, and this will help new users get better at using the system.

KDE is used as a desktop shell. In addition, the Rosa developers bring many improvements and fixes to most of the packages they ship.

2. Calculate Linux

Calculate Linux is developed by Alexander Tratsevsky from Russia. This distribution is based on Gentoo and includes all its benefits, plus many additional features and a graphical installer.

The development of the project began back in 2007. Calculate is especially good for a business environment. It is optimized for fast deployment, you can set up a configuration on one computer and use it on all others.

The user under his account can use the system regardless of the computer. The latest version of Calculate is 15.12. This release adds the ability to create LiveUSB, add support for the open source AMDGPU driver, and many other improvements.

3. ZorinOS

The ZorinOS operating system was developed by Artem Zorin, a native of Russia, who is currently located in Ireland.

This is another enterprise-class distribution very similar to Windows. ZorinOS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome 3 desktop environment and its own Zorin DE shell to organize the user interface.

The latest stable release, ZorinOS 9, is based on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and the most recent, ZorinOS 11, is based on Ubuntu 15.10. A feature of ZorinOS is its own design themes, similar at the same time to Windows XP and 7, as well as a utility for managing themes that allows you to customize the appearance of the desktop.

Currently ZorinOS comes in two main versions - stable 9 and the newest 11. Both versions have Core, Lite, Business and Ultimate editions. The first two editions are free, while the last two are available for 8.99 and 9.99 respectively.

4. Runtu

This distribution was probably the first Linux distribution for many Russians. It is based on Ubuntu and offers improved Russian language localization. The development of the project began back in 2007.

Then Alexey Chernomorenko and Alexander Becher prepared a special Ubuntu assembly for a report at a scientific conference on open source software: Ubuntu Full Power Linux.

Later, this assembly gained popularity among users and in the field of education and was renamed Runtu.

The main goal of this distro is to provide beginners with a perfectly localized and simple system with all the software they need out of the box. In addition, there is also its own software, such as the Runtu Assistant utility, which will help new users to better configure the system.

Runtu was last released in March 2015. The software has been updated, 64 bit support has been added and some fixes have been made.

5. Astra Linux

The Astra Linux distribution is developed by NPO RusBITech for military purposes, law enforcement agencies and the FSB.

The distribution is focused on data protection and is used in various government agencies.

The distribution kit is delivered in two editions: Spesial Edition and Common Edition.

The general edition is intended for enterprises, the special edition is for special services. A lot of proprietary software comes with the system.

All applications developed by the authors of the distribution have the fly prefix. These are fly-fm - file manager, Fly panel, fly-admin-wicd - network connection manager, fly-update-notifier - update widget, Fly terminal, fly-videocamera, fly-record - sound recording, fly-cddvdburner, fly- ocr - text recognition, etc. By the way, it is important to note that the fly file manager is very similar to Windows Explorer.

The last release, at the time of this writing, took place on March 17, 2016, and this is Astra Linux version 1.11.

6. ALT Linux

ALT Linux is being developed by the Russian company of the same name: Alt Linux.

And again, the operating system is designed for the business sector.

All the software you need for office work, graphics, audio, video and programming is supplied by default.

During installation, you can select the components of the distribution kit to install, and thus form the functionality of the distribution kit.

The default desktop environment is KDE 4.

The minimum system requirements are 768 megabytes of RAM, as well as a video card with 3D acceleration support.

The newest version of Alt Linux at the moment is 7.0.5, which was released in early 2015.

7. Agilia Linux

Another distribution kit of Russian origin.

Formerly known as MOPS Linux.

Originally based on Slackware Linux. It combines beauty and speed.

Unlike MOPS, the installer has been completely redesigned and the number of applications supplied by default has been increased. The frequency of the release is once every three months.

OS ROSA is an excellent Russian-made version. Since my job is computer related, I am constantly in search of the perfect operating system. What is included in this concept? Security, speed, and work without any "freezes" of the system. Recently, windows have not made users happy, so I drew attention to the Russian OS ROSA.

It was founded by Mandriva in 2011. However, the actually working version of the system came out a year later. Rosa Desktop Fresh 2012 has become a new page for domestic windows counterparts.

A colossal work of specialists from different countries was carried out on it, about 1 million lines of code were changed and added, almost 16 thousand packages were updated in their repositories. This line of systems also includes a server version - Rosa Server and the more popular desktop version - Rosa Desktop, which in turn comes in three editions. Such as Free (free components), EE (extended) and LTS (with 5 years of support). Unlike, and the ROSA operating system has a number of advantages.

Russian operating system for PC Rosa advantages

In my opinion, Desktop is best suited for personal use, since it is in it that all the best developments are collected. Due to this, it, like other versions, has a number of advantages:

It combines elegant design and excellent functionality due to the selection of programs collected in it;

Having installed such a system, you do not need to look for drivers, they come with the OS. Thus, it is a complete package. Installed and rejoice;

If you are in doubt about the need to change the system, you can use the so-called "guest mode". To do this, create a bootable USB flash drive and test this OS without demolishing the previous one;

Due to the fact that ROSA is certified by the FSTEC, it is perfect for organizations for which safety comes first;

In this system, the interface is very well thought out and all the necessary tools are easy to find, although they are slightly different from the ones we are used to. So, for example, after pressing the "Start" button, you find yourself in some semblance of the menu of androids and (or) smartphones;

ROSA allows you to experiment with installed programs in "freeze mode", and after rebooting, return the system to its original state.

Download OS ROSA-http: //www.rosalinux.ru/rosa-linux-download-links/

It was a very wise decision of the developers that they made ROSA OS free. Such a step leads to its rapid distribution without any imposition on users.
The ROSA operating system, due to its security and ease of use, was the ideal option for me. And her ability to share WiFi in two clicks was a rather pleasant surprise for me.

Not so long ago, a sensational statement appeared in the press. It turns out that there will soon be no "traditional" Windows OS on all computers of government institutions in our country! Major figures promise that a Russian operating system will take its place. The idea is that by the end of this year, this very "operating system" should begin testing in government institutions.

An optimistic start

The most famous project that theoretically can lay claim to such significant roles is Synergy. This system uses the Linux kernel, and the decision to develop it was made as recently as August 13, 2014. This was decided by a joint commission (at a meeting of the companies JSC Russian Railways, Rosatom) and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center from the city of Sarov.

By the way, it is at the Synergy enterprise that it should now be intensively tested. From the "Russian Railways" will be required to actively "bring to mind" the OS, provided it is used in user database management systems. Russian Railways has enough of such and such!

By the way, this whole venture was generally initiated by the specialists of Rosatom, since the share of imported software is extremely large, and it was high time to leave such a vicious practice. All those involved in the development promise that the Russian one will be protected from hacking no worse than the best foreign counterparts.

Last straw

Such a quick decision was largely due to the fact that just in August 2014 the next update package for Windows 7 was released. The irony of fate is that these very updates led to the failure of thousands of computers around the world, as it contained critical errors. The problem was also aggravated by the situation with malfunctions of Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems.

What is all this for?

In general, the Russian operating system has not been discussed lately only by the lazy. However, the discussion is going on in an ironic manner. Don't blame users for their lack of patriotism. Practice shows that in most cases, domestic projects in this area can only offer "boring wallpapers" and a new theme for the same Ubuntu.

It is important to understand exactly what requirements a truly promising Russian operating system should meet, what principles should be incorporated into it. Let's try to dream up and imagine in what directions its development should go.

"Childhood diseases"

In general, it is always worth starting with previous experience, even if negative. As we have already said, our country has one. Starting with the ancient "Spectrum", on which a somewhat rethought DOS was installed, ending at times relatively recently, when in some computer clubs a "fundamentally new" BedOS 2 "Tanya" was installed. This epic creation was nothing more than a reworked almost unrecognizable Windows 98.

All of them were united by one thing: despite the new interface, all these operating systems were just a few reworked products of world famous software manufacturers.

What are the challenges facing domestic developers?

In principle, there is nothing new to talk about in this case. If now a really new Russian operating system for PCs is being developed, then its creators face a huge number of tasks. We list just the main ones:

• The release of an OS that will perform all its tasks, work on servers and workstations of Russian production.
• Creation of working and functional virtualization tools for it.
• The very development of a database management tool, the debugging of which is now entrusted to Russian Railways.
• Creation, development and support of the domestic application development environment.
• Release of tools that could be used to automate testing.
• Creation of a domestic "application store". Give a decent answer to all kinds of AppStore!
• Release of an OS that can run not only on desktops and laptops, but also on mobile equipment (smartphones, tablets). This Russian mobile operating system should become a competitor to Android, iOS, Windows Mobile.
• Development of design tools that make it easier to write new applications.
• Analysis of the business sector of the economy, the creation of a specialized cluster of programs specifically for it.
• Finally, the development of a Russian operating system should provide for the creation of its own working environment (DE).
• Creation of new tools for installing, deploying and debugging written programs.
• Possibility for painless migration of business and home users from older OS versions.
• Formation of training courses that will tell users about what a Russian operating system for a PC is, about its capabilities and prospects.

About users of the new OS

It's no secret that the modern segment of home computers is largely focused on games. In addition, the PC market is distinguished by an incredible variety of computer hardware, as well as the unconditional dominance of the very Windows operating system. Since all the concepts and habits of users in this niche are distinguished by ingrained conservatism, it is unlikely that it will be possible to change them somehow.

Thus, the new Russian operating system will most likely be targeted at government agencies, corporate segments of the economy, and the military-industrial complex.

What requirements should the new OS meet?

1. The relatively low cost of both the system itself and the "hardware" that is necessary for its normal functioning.
2. Availability of the possibility of "cloud" work on documents. Simply put, the new system should be oriented to some kind of environment for joint development, which is especially in demand in an enterprise or a government organization.
3. The system must be scalable. It is desirable that with the growth of the enterprise it could be “sharpened” precisely for the needs of a large organization (a kind of analogs of the Business, Professional versions).
4. The processing speed of information arrays should be as high as possible.
5. Maximum reliability and security (including from viruses).
6. OS development and development should be based on the latest trends in the hardware market.
7. Protection from malicious actions. In principle, the Russian operating system "Rosa" is well protected from this, but it is actually another Linux distribution kit.
8. At least the theoretical possibility of using a home user on a computer (in order to gradually attract a new audience).
9. Full compatibility with at least the most common samples of computer hardware and peripherals.

OS development taking into account the trends of the future development of the hardware

Recently, the processors have crossed the threshold of 14 nm, domestic "Elbrus" 65 nm have appeared, it is reported about the imminent release of a new type of capacious memory ReRam, which in speed will leave far behind all modern SSD (NAND). Simply put, one of the priority tasks facing manufacturers should be the development of such a system that will work on both existing and promising hardware. This is a complicated matter, and therefore there are quite natural doubts about its success.

Now we're going to talk about real progress in this area.

About "Chameleons" and more

In general, modern domestic operating systems have exactly two realistic development paths. And in the first place is the justified interest of the military, for whom protected domestic software is extremely important. The second direction can be described as “patriotic development”. Sometimes projects appear on the network, the authors of which regularly announce a Russian-made operating system.

In the latter case, the Xameleon OS can be called. If we talk about the technological side of the issue, then it is very similar to Mac OS X, since both systems are based on the use of a microkernel. Chameleon uses L4 development and Mac OS X includes the Mach microkernel. Alas, the domestic "answer" so far does not even have a banal GUI, that is, a graphical interface.

Other candidates

There is also the Russian operating system Patriot OS. For quite a long time, Boomstarter announced a collection of donations for its creation. The declared amount is 38,500,000 rubles, which in itself causes massive ridicule on the network. The fact is that domestic crowdfunding projects have never raised more than 12 million. Also, if you read the requirements for the new system ...

Simply put, the declared amount is clearly not enough. If the Russian operating system "Patriot OS" claims at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, then you need to collect ten times more. However, this money should be enough at least for a preliminary beta version, by which it will be possible to judge the prospects of the project as a whole. But the adequacy of some of the declared characteristics raises deep doubts.

A moment of humor

Thus, the author of the project says that he would like to create a new "Patriot" network, an analogue of the Worldwide Internet, which will be available only to those users on whose computers the Russian operating system "Patriot" will be installed. It claims to be based on "incredibly fast dynamic technology." The fact is that even $ 38 million will not be enough to implement something like this, let alone the domestic currency ...

Phantom Perspectives

There is also the Russian operating system Phantom. Theoretically, it is the development of the Digital Zone company (in fact - Dmitry Zavalishin's "home preparation"). The latter every year ardently proves the advantages of his "brainchild" at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events.

In principle, this time too, the Russian Phantom operating system does not contain anything truly revolutionary and new. Developers are really not cunning when they claim that their OS is not a clone of Windows / Unix.

But for some reason they "forget" to tell that "Phantom" is almost an exact copy of the KeyKOS / EROS system. Moreover, this topic was started in the distant 80s of the last century, when the general principles for the development of KeyKOS were laid.

Rosa Fresh is a Linux distribution kit developed by the Russian company STC IT ROSA. The desktop version of the system was originally based on the now closed Mandriva distribution, and now Rosa is used as the basis for Mageia and MagOS. It is a pretty good operating system for both Linux newbies and more experienced users. The authors of the distribution kit regularly make changes to the code and remove many bugs that remain untouched by the developers of the software included in the distribution. It also has its own application installation center and several additional interface elements that make the system a little more beautiful.

This tutorial will walk you through installing Rosa Fresh R6 on a computer or laptop. I have chosen for this instruction the newest version of the distribution kit - R6, which was released just a few weeks ago. I will describe everything in detail, because this instruction is aimed at beginners who most likely have not dealt with Linux yet, but it will also be useful for more experienced users who decide to change the distribution kit and try something new. So let's get started.

You can download the latest version of the Rosa distribution from the official website and from the mirror at mirror.yandex.ru. On the official website, in the Products category, select the Desktop item:

Then select the free edition Desktop Rosa Fresh:

Then download the item.

And we go to the Wiki page to download, it remains only to select the desired bit depth:

On the Yandex mirror, all the images of Rosa Fresh R6 are at the following address: http://mirror.yandex.ru/rosa/rosa2014.1/iso/ROSA.Fresh.R6/

After the download of the image is completed, you can proceed to writing it to a disk or USB flash drive.

In Windows, traditionally, you can use any of the available utilities to burn disc images: UltraISO, Alcohol 120, Power2Go, etc. For example UltraISO:

To write to a USB flash drive, you can use the Rusfus utility:

On Linux, the choice is not that great. On Ubuntu and Gnome, Brasero is used by default for burning discs:

KDE has k3b:

To write to a USB flash drive, you can use unetbootin:

After the media has finished burning, restart your computer and open the BIOS menu. Here we will configure the computer to boot from external media. You can open the BIOS by pressing a few roses, the Del, F8 or F10 key, and on laptops, most often F2 or Shift + F2.

In the BIOS, go to the Boot tab, find the boot device priority, or 1 st boot device, depending on the version and manufacturer of the board, this setting may differ, but the meaning is the same. There, put your device in the first place.

For example for Boot Device Priority:

It is important if you need to install rosa from a USB flash drive, you need the USB flash drive to be connected to the computer before starting the BIOS menu so that the system can detect it.

Rosa Fresh R6 Installation

A few seconds after the start of the download, we will see a disc menu with a choice of several boot modes. Here you can immediately launch the installer, boot the system in LiveCD mode, or select safe mode:

Then the default keyboard layout:

And the key for switching the layout:

Timezone left:

And time correction by time zone or UTC:

Now we have got a functional and even slightly customized system, loaded from disk. You can see how it looks, what applications are launched, etc.

Or let's jump right into the installation. Click on the only shortcut on the desktop: "Installer in Live mode":

In the next window, we see the system requirements of Rosa and the characteristics of our system. The system requirements are not that big:

In all other cases, you will have to do the markup manually:

The bar under the disc name shows all the available space. Below there is another strip with which you can create a new section.

Just click on the desired file system and specify the desired parameters. You can create only one partition for the entire space, but this is not recommended. Typically, Linux creates a separate partition for the system - the root, the swap partition and the partition for the user's files - home. It will be enough to allocate about 30 gigabytes for the root, the swap partition should be equal to the size of the RAM, and everything else for the user's files. The minimum system requirements say that 10 GB is needed for the root, but if you are going to install programs and games, this may not be enough.

Don't forget to include your mount points. It is by this parameter that the system determines how this or that section will be used. Linux has no disks, only the root filesystem, and all partitions are mounted in its subfolders. The mount point is / for the root, and / home for the user's files partition. You do not need to specify a mount point for swap.

Also in the Rosa installer there is an automatic partitioning option. There are three options here: server, simple, and / usr.

When the files have been copied, the wizard will offer to select the disk on which the bootloader will be installed, leave everything as it is:

And the last window of the wizard:

That's all. Rosa Fresh R6 installation system is complete. You can now restart your computer and start configuring your system.

And here is a video on how to install Rosa Linux with encrypted home folder:

The need for the accelerated development of the domestic software market, ensuring maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technologies and maintaining information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations ... It was then that the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation was seriously puzzled by the solution of this strategically significant, according to officials, issue along with stimulating demand for national products and working out appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in the implementation of state and municipal purchases, as well as the rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level as soon as possible. All this had a positive effect on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.

Alt Linux SPT is a unified Linux-based distribution kit for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in information security software, which can be used to build automated systems for class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (ISPDN) for class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process confidential data on one personal computer or server, provide multi-user work with differentiated access to information, work with virtual machines, and use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the compliance of the product with the requirements of the following guidelines: “Computer facilities. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information "- for the 4th security class; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Software for information security. Classification by the level of lack of undeclared capabilities "- by the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by Free Software and Technologies through its developer partner Basalt SPO.

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Developer: "Basalt SPO" company

The Alt platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal "Alt Workstation", which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the Alt Server server distribution kit, which can act as an Active Directory domain controller and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, team work, virtual machine management and monitoring, etc. tools). The third - "Alt Education 8", focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users are presented in the series of products of the company "Basalt SPO".

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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the state corporation "Rostec")

Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for the complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the versions "OS. Office" and "OS. Server". They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a software package for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, an e-mail server and a DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, state-owned companies and state corporations. It is assumed that the OSi-based ecosystem in the near future will become a full-fledged alternative to Western counterparts.

Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest OS version: advanced means of ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, registering events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components providing information protection. According to the assurances of the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform that is simultaneously certified in the certification systems of information security tools of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated tools of all ministries, departments and other institutions of the Russian Federation restricted information containing components of the state secret information with a stamp not higher than "top secret".

⇡ ROSALinux

Developer: STC IT ROSA LLC

The ROSA Linux family of operating systems includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components, including the original ones, created by the programmers of the ROSA scientific and technical center of information technologies. In particular, OS distributions for the corporate market segment include virtualization tools, backup software, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and storage systems.

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Developer: Calculate company

Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, Scratch Server editions and is designed for home users and small and medium-sized businesses who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full work in heterogeneous networks, roaming user profiles mechanism, centralized software deployment toolkit, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is available and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.

⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »

Developer: Sergey Volkov

The operating system, which is built on the basis of the free platform FreeBSD and contains the necessary set of applications for home users and office tasks. According to the sole OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as light as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” the author of the project claims, without going into details of what exactly the product compiled by him is different from the original. The solidity of the project is added not only by the presence of a distribution kit distributed on a commercial basis and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the register of Russian software. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can legally be used by state organizations in the framework of projects to introduce import substitution technologies.

A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 "On Personal Data" and implement systems for processing information of limited access, not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for the 3rd security class, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform also includes compatibility with the authentication means of the company "Aladdin R.D." and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system according to customer requirements.

⇡ Alfa OS

Developer: ALFA Vision company

Another Linux clone, equipped with a user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No kidding, on the developer's website in the "About the company" section, it says: " The operating system is a special phenomenon, the point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A top that is visible from all sides. For it to shine, to become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experience is needed. And we have it". How much expression there is in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. At the moment, "Alpha OS" is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out to the market a mobile and server edition of the OS, as well as an assembly of the distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.

A software platform designed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A feature of the system is a radically redesigned Linux kernel, in which special mechanisms for managing processes, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, and support for tagged computations were implemented. " We have done fundamental work on transforming the Linux operating system into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which we implemented relevant optimizations in the kernel. In the course of work in real time, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives and some others", - explain in the company" MCST ". In addition, a complex of information protection means from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows the operating system to be used to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes tools for archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.

⇡ "EdOS "

An operating system based on the Linux kernel, created with an eye to ensuring the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with national requirements for information security, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to track critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools to quickly respond to incidents. IB.

⇡ GosLinux ("GosLinux")

Developer: Red Soft company

OS GosLinux was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state non-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the basis of the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the revision, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the FSSP of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level OUD3 and meets the requirements of the guidance document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution kit for government bodies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. At the moment, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the FSSP of Russia. Also, the OS was transferred for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.

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Developer: LLC "Almi"

Product site:

Another Linux build on our list that definitely does not suffer from a lack of praise from the developers. " Unique, perfect, simple, combining the convenience of a Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux"- with such phrases raising AlterOS to heaven, the official website of the product is stitched up and down. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform, the site does not say, but provides information about three editions of the OS: AlterOS Volga for the public sector, AlterOS Amur for the corporate segment and AlterOS Don for servers. It is reported that the system is compatible with a variety of software solutions that are in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic crypto protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). A separate emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.

⇡ Armed Forces Mobile System (MSVS)

Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after V.I. V. V. Solomatina (VNIINS)

A secure general-purpose operating system designed to build stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. The MSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models of differentiating access to information. The system operates on hardware platforms Intel (x86 and x86_64), SPARC (Elbrus-90mikro), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security tools implemented in the WSWS allow the creation of automated systems on the basis of the platform that process information constituting a state secret and having a "SS" (top secret) degree of secrecy.

⇡ "Zarya"

Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")

A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and at defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or a database server. For building data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, and the ability to work on the so-called "big hardware", including mainframes. For embedded systems that work without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS "Zarya RV" has been developed. The system complies with the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.

Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workplaces using thin clients. All functions outside this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports a variety of application-level network protocols (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure permissions for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, contains configuration recovery tools OS on reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workplaces. The peculiarity of the system is high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Aktiv-soft CJSC. The OS update can be carried out by the administrator via a local network or from a USB drive. It is possible to configure auto-update both from the customer's local server and from the server of the Kraftway company.

⇡ WTware

Developer: Andrey Kovalev

Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. WTware distribution kit includes services for network booting, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. Supports COM and USB port forwarding and smart card authentication. The RDP protocol is used to connect to the terminal server, and detailed documentation is attached to the distribution kit to promptly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system. WTware is distributed on commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi mini-computer, the developer offers a free version of the OS.

⇡ KasperskyOS

Developer: "Kaspersky Lab"

A secure operating system designed for use on mission-critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated process control systems (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic principle of operation of KasperskyOS is reduced to the rule “everything that is not allowed is prohibited”. This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on the execution of certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types of equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, the secure operating system of Kaspersky Lab has been integrated into the L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.

Real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing someone else's code, and intended primarily for the Internet of things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, smart home and smart city systems, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAKS real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017 year. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of this type of product, but also has a number of unique possibilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, which make it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot swap of equipment, etc. One of the MAKS features is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism provides automatic synchronization of information between the nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAKS" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently being certified by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).

⇡ As a conclusion

There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the revision of the borrowed source codes. This is what the Russian software companies working in the field of import substitution of software adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems labeled "Made in Russia" are a clear confirmation of this. Good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.