Turbin Anatoly
The basic concept of computer science. The basic concept of information technology. Receiving, accumulating and storing information. Information technologies in the life of a modern person. ... ... The role of information technology in the formation of online television. ... The use of information technology in teaching.
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The role of informatics and information technology in the modern world
Turbin Anatoly MOU Secondary School No. 8, 11 "S"
Information technology is the science of methods of obtaining, accumulating, storing, transforming, transferring and using information. It includes disciplines related to the processing of information in computers and computer networks: both abstract, such as the analysis of algorithms, and quite specific, for example, the development of programming languages. The term computer science originated in the 60s in France for the name of the field of automated processing. information as a fusion of the French words information and automatique (F. Dreyfus, 1972). The concept of computer science is relatively new in the vocabulary of modern man. Despite its widespread use, its content remains unclear due to its novelty. Intuitively, it is clear that it is associated with information, as well as its processing on computers. This is confirmed by the existing legend about the origin of this word: it is believed that it is composed of two words - INFORMATION and automatics (as a means of transforming information). Research topics in computer science are questions: what can and cannot be implemented in programs and databases (the theory of computability and artificial intelligence), how it is possible to solve specific computational and information problems with maximum efficiency (the theory of computational complexity), in what form should information of a specific type (structures and databases) be stored and restored, how programs and people should interact with each other ( user interface and programming languages and knowledge representation), etc.
Basic concept of computer science
Information technology (IT, from the English information technology, IT) is a wide class of disciplines and areas of activity related to technologies for managing and processing data, as well as creating data, including using computer technology. computer technology understands everything. In particular, IT deals with the use of computers and software to store, transform, protect, process, transmit and receive information. Specialists in computer technology and programming are often called IT specialists. According to the definition adopted by UNESCO, IT is a complex of interrelated scientific, technological, engineering disciplines that study methods of efficiently organizing the work of people involved in processing and storing information; computing technology and methods of organizing and interacting with people and production equipment, their practical applications, as well as related social, economic and cultural problems. IT itself requires complex training, high upfront costs, and knowledge-intensive technology. Their implementation should begin with the creation of software, the formation of information flows in the systems of training specialists. The main features of modern IT: computer processing of information according to specified algorithms; storage of large amounts of information on computer media; transmission of information over long distances in a limited time.
The basic concept of information technology
We can no longer imagine life without a computer, without a mobile phone, without the Internet. Everything that we see around us is more and more created with the use of information technology. In the context of the rapid development of modern society, global computerization is an integral part of people's lives. Information technologies have become the main component of both the world economy as a whole and other individual spheres of human activity. Industry, education, healthcare, public administration: everything is based on the use of information technology. With an increase in the speed of information transfer, a lot of opportunities arise, without the help of which it is already difficult to imagine your life. With each century, decade and year, the volume of information accumulated by humanity increases, and its role in human life also grows. A person creates devices that allow him to receive information that is inaccessible to him in direct sensations (microscopes, telescopes, thermometers, speedometers, various sensors, etc.). Receiving information is called input. In a personal computer, special input devices are responsible for entering information: a keyboard, a scanner, a digitizer, a microphone, a mouse, and much more. A person stores information in his own memory (internal operational information) and on external media: paper, magnetic tape, disks, etc. Our internal memory is not always reliable. A person often forgets something. Information on external media is stored longer and more reliably. It is with the help of external carriers that people pass on their knowledge from generation to generation. To be able to reuse information in the future, so-called external (in relation to human memory) information carriers are used. In the modern world, databases on electronic media (servers of companies, enterprises, etc.) are an integral part of information storage.
Receiving, accumulating and storing information
The need of a person to communicate with the people around him, that is, to express and convey information, led to the emergence of language - the most ancient information technology. This was followed by the invention of writing, libraries, printing, mail, telegraph, telephone, radio, television and, finally, computers and the Internet. Especially the importance of information technology has increased with the invention of the computer - a machine for receiving, processing, storing and issuing information. The widespread use of computers has provided a person with new opportunities for searching, receiving, accumulating, transferring and, most importantly, processing information. Initially, the computer was created as a tool for automating computations. However, gradually, the functions of almost all previous means of communication were added to its computing capabilities, turning it into the main tool for building a modern information society. The next milestone in the development of information technology was the possibility of creating computer networks. And as their highest manifestation - the Internet, the global computer network, which makes it possible for each user to have the information capabilities of the entire network and simultaneously transmit his information to all its users. This made it possible for any owner of a personal computer to join the information resources of all mankind and even contribute to them, create one common bank of information for all users of this network. However, there is a negative side to the emergence of a global computer network - people communicate less and less “live”, but on the other hand, users who are at a great distance from each other can communicate, and this is a huge advantage in the modern world.
Information technologies in the life of a modern person
In the context of the development of modern society, information technologies have penetrated deeply into all spheres of human activity. So, in industry, information technologies are used not only to estimate stocks of raw materials, components, finished products, to carry out new developments, but also to reduce marketing research to track demand for various types of products, find new partners. As you know, the efficiency of office management robots largely depends on on the level of communication between citizens, businesses and other governing bodies. Therefore, in the office management information technologies allow the simultaneous use of information, organizational, legal, socio-psychological, personnel and other indicators, which makes it easier for the robot and the organization of the management process itself. The use of such methods significantly speeds up the robot in difficult areas of analytical work, for example, during the period of assessing the situation in difficult situations, preparing and generating reports and inquiries. Moreover, all accounting transactions at enterprises are based on the use of information technology. Due to the increase in the speed of information exchange, it became possible to carry out heavy mathematical calculations in just a few seconds. We see the widest application of IT in industry on the example of using a computer-aided design (CAD) system. CAD is an automated system that implements information technology for performing design functions, is an organizational and technical system designed to automate the design process, consisting of personnel and a complex of technical, software and other means of automating its activities.
The importance of information technology in industry
The importance of information technology in industry
The main goal of CAD development is to increase the efficiency of engineers' labor, including: reducing the labor intensity of design and planning; reduction of design time; reducing the cost of design and manufacture, reducing operating costs; improving the quality and technical and economic level of design results; reducing the cost of full-scale modeling and testing. Achieving the goals of creating a CAD system is ensured by: automation of documentation; information support and decision-making automation; use of parallel design technologies; unification of design solutions and design processes; reuse of design solutions, data and developments; strategic design; replacement of full-scale tests and prototyping by mathematical modeling; improving the quality of design management; application of methods of variant design and optimization. At the moment it is already impossible to imagine the functioning of most enterprises without the use of CAD. These are industrial enterprises in such industries as aircraft construction, shipbuilding, automotive, foundry, heavy, medium and light engineering, construction, precision instrument making, nuclear industry, etc.
In medicine, the term IT is used in a narrower sense, implying the use of a certain computer system to solve these problems. Currently, such a computer system, as a rule, includes a computer itself, a program (or a set of programs) that registers, processes and provides information to a doctor, a database that stores information about examinations, means for receiving and transmitting the accumulated information to another user.
Automation allows: to reduce the labor intensity of work on the management and control of resources by reducing the performance of people with routine duties; create the prerequisites for the rational organization of the production process at the enterprise; increase the speed and quality of patient care; improve the efficiency and culture of work; increase the efficiency of management; increase the efficiency of operational decision-making; expand the range of services provided to the patient; improve the possibilities of long-term planning and forecasting.
It should also be noted such an effect as reducing the time spent on making managerial decisions due to the reduction of a large number of paper flows. Improving the quality of managerial decisions from the point of view of accuracy, depth of analysis of a controlled phenomenon, process or subject, and the presence of informative feedback.
The role of information technology in medicine
The use of the latest equipment in medicine made it possible to give the most accurate diagnosis of a patient in a short period of time. A wide range of manufactured equipment is used in all areas of medicine.
Here are some examples: The universal diagnostic ultrasound cardiology system ACUSON Sequoia 512 with a set of sensors allows you to see the anatomy and physiology of the patient with a completely new look and provides early diagnosis of pathological changes. The high-tech and compact CARDIOVIT AT-101 electrocardiograph can be used both in clinics and in hospitals. The ability to work in a network with uploading of data in XML format allows it to be integrated into medical systems. In cosmetology, the Thermage machine has revolutionized the idea of modern methods of rejuvenation. Many patients want to tighten their skin without resorting to surgery. This can now be done in 30 minutes, which previously required many hours of plastic surgery and months of recovery. The CLINOMAT TIETON X-ray machine (Italray) is designed to perform all traditional fluorographic examinations. A wide range of anatomical programs (more than 600 programs) allows the operator to automate the selection of parameters when examining various departments.
The role of information technology in medicine
In connection with the increase in the speed of information exchange, it became possible to transmit a large amount of information, including a television stream. A little time has passed since the beginning of the first broadcasts of Internet television. However, for a short period of using Internet television, a large audience has appeared. And now it is difficult to imagine the Internet without television broadcasting. The use of a satellite dish is not an obligatory equipment for watching TV programs, for this it is enough to use a laptop connected to an Internet access point. With the implementation of wireless access, the dependence on the Internet connection point has decreased. At the moment, television can be transmitted from almost anywhere in the world. According to forecasts of experts, by 2013 the total share of audio and digital video transmitted to the network online will be about 98% of the total flow of information sent. Digital TV broadcasting is gaining momentum and over time, this dynamic becomes more and more distinct. The flourishing of commercial television channels that appeared for the first time was a rather significant stage in the formation of the domestic television industry, but a noticeable leap took place in recent years. Development took place immediately with the introduction of high-speed Internet access. Since that time, the high-speed channel to the global network has become accessible to all, the rapid progress of online TV broadcasts was no longer held back. And the development of the Russian-language network at the same moment reacted to the expansion of opportunities with the emerging in large numbers, online television equipment. Well-known television channels have become even more convenient for viewing, and web TV broadcasts also delight the Russian-speaking audience living in other countries. You can watch online TV almost everywhere. This has become possible thanks to the development of digital web television technologies.
The role of information technology in the formation of online television
All domestic secondary educational institutions have recently been equipped with computer labs, which make it possible not only to conduct full-fledged computer science lessons, but also to use various types of modern technology in the process of teaching and testing knowledge. Multimedia projectors and interactive whiteboards installed in classrooms make it possible to more clearly present the studied material to students. The main sign of the development of information technology at school is the intensive use of those. teaching aids of a new generation in methodological recommendations for conducting lessons and extracurricular activities, the desire of teachers to master new equipment. This direction in increasing knowledge is called "Information and communication technologies" (ICT). It is quite possible to use this technique when studying any school subject.
The use of information technology in teaching
The experiment shows that the competent use of ICT by the teacher significantly increases the interest of students in the subject. The transmission of visual aids on the screen using a multimedia projector helps the teacher to better present the process and the results of the experiments, to use virtual excursions in different geographic zones and the best museums in the world. Students have every chance to see with their own eyes how rich the flora and fauna of the country is by seeing panoramic shots, shots of a living creature or natural phenomenon, as well as observing astronomical objects.
The use of information technology in teaching
Here are some examples of the use of ICT. It is possible to show children how day and night exist on Earth at the same time by using the output of images from webcams in the appropriate time zones. You can show the passage of chemical reactions on the screen with the participation of the substances used in them by linking the scales and the interactive whiteboard to each other. The use of ICT is very active by technology teachers. Now students have every chance to see clear drawings, high-quality slides and films about the history of fashion, styles, and interiors. For training in various fields, the Internet offers a huge number of master classes that arouse sincere interest in children.
At the present stage, computer information technologies are distinguished - this is a system of methods and methods for collecting, storing, accumulating, searching, processing and issuing information at the request of users using computer technology.
For information technology of our days, the stages are characterized by:
user work in the data manipulation mode (no need to "remember and know", but it is enough to choose from the "offered menu");
paperless document processing (only the final version of the document is recorded on paper);
interactive mode of solving problems with ample opportunities for users;
the possibility of collective use of documents on the basis of a group of computers, united by means of communication;
the possibility of adaptive restructuring of the form and method of presenting information in the process of solving problems
Automated control systems (ACS) are used to process information.
ACS is a "man-machine" system that ensures the effective functioning of the control object, in which the collection and processing of information necessary for the implementation of control functions is carried out using automation and computer technology
The main direction of improving the management system at all levels in modern conditions has become the massive use of the latest computer and telecommunications technology, the formation on its basis of highly effective information and management technologies. New information technologies based on computer technology require radical changes in the organizational structures of management, its regulations, human resources, the system of documentation, recording and transfer of information. Of particular importance is the introduction of information management, which significantly expands the possibilities of using information resources. The development of information management is associated with the organization of a knowledge and data processing system, its consistent development to the level of integrated automated control systems, covering all levels and links of the organization's activities vertically and horizontally.
In recent decades, management systems in highly developed countries, in particular in the United States and Japan, have been guided by creative information technologies of the so-called third level. They cover the full information cycle - the generation of information (new knowledge), their transfer, processing, use to transform a new object, achieve new higher goals.
Information technologies of the third level mean the highest stage of computerization of the control system, allow you to use the PC in the creative process, combine the power of the human mind and the power of electronic technology. Full integrated informatization of the control system involves the coverage of the following information and management processes: communication, collection, storage and access to necessary information, information analysis, support for individual activities, programming and solving special problems
Thus, modern information technologies have come a long way in their development and much still needs to be improved. In the future, it is planned to use artificial intelligence technologies for decision-making and a wider use of multimedia (integrated presentation of information). It is believed that it is the Internet as a kind of information technology that will become the basis of the 21st century as a century of information technology.
Information technology in modern world.
І.1. Information technologies in education.
Currently, education faces many tasks, and the most important of them is preparing the younger generation for life in the information society.
The information society is characterized by a high level of development of information and communication technologies and their intensive use by citizens, businesses and public authorities. The increase in added value in the economy today is largely due to intellectual activity, an increase in the technological level of production and the spread of modern information and communication technologies.
The transition from industrial to post-industrial society significantly enhances the role of intellectual factors of production. International experience shows that high technologies, including information and communication technologies, have already become a locomotive of socio-economic development in many countries of the world, and ensuring guaranteed free access of citizens to information is one of the most important tasks of states.
Over the past 10 years, there has been a radical change in the role and place of personal computers and information technologies in the life of society. In the modern world, possession of information technologies is put on a par with such qualities as the ability to read and write. A person who skillfully, effectively owns technologies and information, has a different, new style of thinking, a fundamentally different approach to assessing the problem that has arisen, to the organization of his activities.
Currently, information, information processes and technologies are the most important components of human life, which determines the formation of the information society. A new informational way of life is being formed, where almost all of its aspects are largely permeated by the informational activity of a person based on modern information technologies, which means that the person himself changes - his needs, interests, views, value attitudes.
Information (lat. informatio - explanation, presentation, awareness) - one of the most general concepts of science, denoting some information, a set of any data, knowledge, etc.
Communication-
way of communication (for example, air route, water route);
form of communication (e.g. telegraph, radio, telephone);
the act of communication, a connection between two or more individuals based on mutual understanding; communication of information by one person to another or to a number of persons;
mass conference - the process of communicating information with the help of technical means ... numerically large, dispersed audiences.
Technology(from Greek tchne - art, skill, skill and Greek logos - study) - a set of methods and tools to achieve the desired result; the method of converting the given into the necessary; mode of production.
Information and communication technologies (ICT)- a set of methods, production processes and software and hardware integrated with the aim of collecting, processing, storing, distributing, displaying and using information in the interests of its users.
As noted by E.I. Vishtynetsky and A.O. Krivosheev, the use of ICTs used in the field of education should aim at the implementation of the following tasks, such as:
support and development of the consistency of thinking of the student;
support of all types of cognitive activities of the student in the acquisition of knowledge, development and consolidation of skills and abilities;
implementation of the principle of individualization of the educational process while maintaining its integrity.
Educational ICT tools can be classified according to a number of parameters:
1. By the solved pedagogical tasks:
means providing basic training (electronic textbooks, training systems, knowledge control systems);
practical training tools (problem books, workshops, virtual constructors, simulation programs, simulators);
auxiliary means (encyclopedias, dictionaries, reading books, developing computer games, multimedia training sessions);
complex tools (distance learning courses).
2. By functions in the organization of the educational process:
information and training (electronic libraries, electronic books, electronic periodicals, dictionaries, reference books, training computer programs, information systems);
interactive (email, electronic teleconferencing);
search engines (catalogs, search engines).
3. By forms of application in the educational process:
extracurricular
4 . By type of information:
electronic and information resources with textual information (textbooks, study guides, problem books, tests, dictionaries, reference books, encyclopedias, periodicals, numerical data, program and educational materials);
electronic and information resources with visual information (collections: photographs, portraits, illustrations, video fragments of processes and phenomena, demonstrations of experiments, video tours; statistical and dynamic models, interactive models; symbolic objects: diagrams, diagrams);
electronic and information resources with audio information (sound recordings of poems, didactic speech material, musical works, sounds of animate and inanimate nature, synchronized audio objects);
I .2. The use of information technology as a means of increasing the cognitive activity of students in the classroom at school.
The rapid development of new information technologies has left an imprint on the development of the personality of a modern child. Today, a new link is introduced into the traditional scheme "teacher - student - textbook" - a computer, and into the school consciousness - computer training. One of the main parts of the informatization of education is the use of information technologies in educational disciplines.
For elementary school, this means a change in priorities in setting the goals of education: one of the results of teaching and upbringing in a first-stage school should be the readiness of children to master modern computer technologies and the ability to update the information obtained with their help for further self-education. To implement these goals, it becomes necessary to apply in the practice of primary school teachers different teaching strategies for younger students and, first of all, the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process.
The use of ICT in various lessons in primary school allows developing the ability of students to navigate the information flows of the surrounding world; master practical ways of working with information; develop skills to exchange information using modern technical means.
Lessons using computer technology can make them more interesting, thoughtful, mobile. Almost any material is used, there is no need to prepare a lot of encyclopedias, reproductions, audio accompaniment for the lesson - all this is already prepared in advance and is contained on a small CD.
ICT-based lessons are especially relevant in primary school. Pupils of grades 1-4 have visual-figurative thinking, therefore it is very important to build their learning, using as much high-quality illustrative material as possible, involving not only vision, but also hearing, emotions, imagination in the process of perceiving new things. Here, at an opportune moment, there is the brightness and amusement of computer slides, animations. Modern computer technologies provide tremendous opportunities for the development of the educational process. K.D. Ushinsky remarked: "Children's nature requires clarity." In recent years, technological progress has literally hit us. What seemed fantastic yesterday entered our life. Children, as the most inquisitive and curious part of society, literally "swallow" all new items. They confidently use mobile phones, computers, various DVD players, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly look for the most effective ways to teach lessons.
The use of ICT in the classroom enhances the positive motivation for learning, activates the cognitive activity of students.
When introducing information technologies in a lesson, the following methodological rules should be adhered to:
1. information technologies in education are not an end in themselves, but a means aimed at solving the problems of real changes in the quality of education, at increasing its efficiency;
2. the latest information technologies are optimally integrated into the traditional education system, taking into account pedagogical expediency and in combination with various pedagogical technologies;
The formation of a creative personality is one of the main tasks of education. Its implementation dictates the need to develop the cognitive interests, abilities and capabilities of the child.
The most effective means of including a child in the creative process in the classroom are:
play activity;
creating positive emotional situations;
work in pairs;
problem learning.
In elementary school, it is impossible to conduct a lesson without attracting visual means, problems often arise. Where can you find the material you need and how best to demonstrate it? A computer came to the rescue.
The use of multimedia presentations in the classroom in primary grades combines many of the components necessary for the successful teaching of schoolchildren. These are television images, animation, sound and graphics.
The analysis of such classes showed that cognitive motivation increases, mastery of complex material is facilitated.
In addition, fragments of lessons that use presentations reflect one of the main principles of creating a modern lesson - the principle of fasciation (the principle of attractiveness). Thanks to the presentations, the children, who were usually not very active in the classroom, began to actively express their opinion and reason.
The fairly widespread use of multimedia projectors can significantly increase visibility due to the use of multimedia presentations by the teacher during the lesson.
A multimedia presentation is a program that can contain text materials, photographs, drawings, slideshows, sound design and voiceover, video sequences and animation, three-dimensional graphics. The main difference between presentations and other methods of presenting information is their special content richness and interactivity, i.e. the ability to change in a certain way and react to user actions. Consequently, multimedia technologies present information in the most efficient way.
Multimedia technologies allow you to control the flow of information, i.e. can be interactive.
Multimedia presentations provide direct access to information. The user can immediately see all the content and go to what interests him.
The modern school is faced with the problem of increasing the effectiveness of teaching. To accomplish this, it is necessary to search for, choose methods and technologies of teaching, relying on the requirements of the state standard for the quality of modern education.
It can be argued that the competent use of the capabilities of modern information technologies in primary school contributes to:
enhancing cognitive activity, improving the quality of schoolchildren's performance;
achievement of learning goals with the help of modern electronic teaching materials intended for use in the classroom in primary school;
development of self-education and self-control skills in younger students; increasing the level of learning comfort;
reducing didactic difficulties among students;
increasing the activity and initiative of younger students in the classroom; the development of informational thinking of schoolchildren, the formation of information and communication competence;
І.3. Multimedia presentation. Classification.
Multimedia presentations are a convenient and effective way to present information using computer programs. It combines dynamics, sound and image, i.e. those factors that hold the child's attention for the longest time.
The simultaneous impact on the two most important organs of perception (hearing and sight) can achieve a much greater effect. According to the Center for Applied Research at the Wharton School of the University of Minnesota, a person remembers 20% of what he hears and 30% of what he sees, and more than 50% of what he sees and hears at the same time. Thus, facilitating the process of perception and memorization of information with the help of vivid images is the basis of any modern presentation.
Moreover, the presentation allows the teacher to independently compose the educational material based on the characteristics of a particular class, topic, subject, which allows you to build a lesson in such a way as to achieve the maximum educational effect.
When preparing for a lesson using ICT, the teacher should not forget that this is a LESSON, which means that he draws up a lesson plan based on its goals, when selecting educational material, he must observe the basic didactic principles: systematic and consistent, accessibility, a differentiated approach, scientific nature, etc. In this case, the computer does not replace the teacher, but only supplements him.
The computer can be used at all stages: both in the preparation of a lesson and in the learning process: when explaining (introducing) new material, consolidating, repeating, monitoring ZUN
When designing a lesson, a teacher can use various software products:
1. It is possible to use ready-made software products (encyclopedias, training programs, etc.) when preparing and conducting a lesson.
2. Great help in the preparation and conduct of lessons is provided to the teacher by the Microsoft Office package, which includes, in addition to the well-known word processor Word, the Access database system and electronic PowerPoint presentations.
3. The database system involves a lot of preparatory work when compiling a lesson, but in the end you can get an effective and universal system of teaching and testing knowledge.
4 . Text editor Word allows you to prepare handouts and didactic material.
5 . Electronic presentations enable the teacher, with minimal preparation and insignificant investment of time, to prepare visualization for the lesson. PowerPoint lessons are spectacular and effective in working with information.
Benefits of a multimedia presentation:
it allows you to reduce the unproductive costs of the living labor of the teacher, who in this case turns into a technologist of the modern educational process, in which the leading role is assigned not so much and not only to the teaching activity of the teacher as to the teaching of the students themselves
gives students ample opportunities to freely choose their own trajectory of learning in the process of schooling, education from here, the role of the student changes, who, instead of a passive listener, becomes a self-governing person, able to use the media that are available to him
increases the efficiency and objectivity of monitoring and evaluating learning outcomes
guarantees continuous communication in a teacher-student relationship
contributes to the individualization of learning activities (differentiation of the pace of learning, difficulty of learning tasks, etc.)
increases motivation for learning
promotes the development of students' productive, creative functions of thinking, the growth of intellectual abilities, the formation of an operational style of thinking. The presentation allows you to increase the success of classes using demonstration tools
contributes to an increase in motivation and cognitive activity due to a variety of forms of work, the possibility of including a game moment: if you solve the examples correctly - open the picture, insert all the letters correctly - you will move the fairytale hero closer to the goal. The computer gives the teacher new opportunities, allowing, together with the student, to enjoy the fascinating process of learning, not only pushing the walls of the classroom with the power of imagination, but with the help of the latest technologies it allows you to immerse yourself in a bright colorful world. Such an activity causes an emotional uplift in children.
For the teacher:
the image from the screen allows you to give a visual series and not to waste time being distracted by legible writing of text on the board;
as new materials appear, correct not the entire course, but specific slides on certain topics;
you don't have to be an artist to create videos with Microsoft PowerPoint, design templates provide high quality results
Classification of multimedia presentations
Classification of presentations by interactivity:
Linear presentation
Presentation slides alternate one after another.
The user is passive, his participation in the management of the presentation is negligible.
The user's attention is focused on the viewed slide, the content of the viewed slides is quickly forgotten.
User requirements for the quality of the information consumed are not high.
Scripted presentations
They are the perfect means of presenting information to the classroom.
The material in this presentation is usually well organized and can be rehearsed in advance to ensure a flawless presentation.
A instructor-led presentation is an ideal way to organize the presentation of information in a lesson at school.
This technique can be applied in any field of study.
Educational presentations
Instructional presentations are intended to assist the teacher and the trainee and allow for a convenient and visual presentation of the material.
Even the simplest graphical tools are extremely effective.
Self-executing
Completed information products.
A self-executing presentation can be addressed to an audience by placing it on a website, floppy disk, CD - or videotape and used for self-study by a student during the lesson or at home.
Interactive presentation
In such presentations, the ability to choose both the method of studying the educational material and the degree of detail in the presentation of the material is realized, they allow you to adapt the information and provide an individual approach to each student.
With the help of interactive presentations, it is convenient to implement individual "excursions" "on the educational material, which allow the user to independently familiarize themselves with information about the subject.
Presentation slides are shown based on user actions.
The user is active and has a lot of control over the course of the presentation.
The user keeps in mind a significant part of the presentation, considering each slide as a continuation of the previous ones.
The user's requirements for the quality of the information consumed are high - he expects an adequate response to the choice made
I.4. Preserving children's health when working with an interactive whiteboard and a computer.
Today, more and more schools are equipped with interactive whiteboards. The attitude of subject teachers to them is rather contradictory: someone considers the use of the latest achievements in educational technologies to be the only correct solution, someone prefers to remain faithful to traditional teaching methods.
In practice, interactive whiteboards are much more effective than traditional blackboards or projectors. Due to the fact that the material is presented in an interactive mode, communicative interaction with students is significantly improved, which makes it possible to bring information to them faster and more efficiently. Accordingly, the quality of education is improving.
However, the use of interactive whiteboards must necessarily be combined with the use of traditional visual material, which will periodically switch the attention of students. The fact is that the child's eyesight is extremely sensitive to the increased stress that inevitably arises when working with such a board. To reduce eye strain, you should carefully consider the choice of educational material. For example, it is unacceptable to use too small a font and overload the working area with extraneous elements. The color scheme should also be chosen in the correct way, i.e. the font should contrast with the background as much as possible, and the number of bright elements on the screen should be minimal.
When a student is directly working with an interactive whiteboard, the teacher must carefully ensure that the child does not accidentally turn his face towards the projector, because its excessively bright light damages the retina of the eye.
In general, the use of interactive whiteboards at school is completely justified, because they improve the perception of the educational material, allow to establish close contact between the teacher and the class, and also contribute to the solid consolidation of the acquired knowledge. However, this teaching method requires a more careful attitude of the teacher to the health of students.
Speaking about the use of a computer by children, the question arises of maintaining health and vision. The question of "sitting up" at the computer is relevant. It is reasonable to set time limits for PC activities - 10-15 minutes. A normally developing child at this age should move 70-80% of the waking time!
For information technologies of our days, the stages are characterized by: 1) user work in the data manipulation mode (no need to “remember and know”, but it is enough to choose from the “offered menu”); 2) paperless document processing (only the final version of the document is recorded on paper); 3) interactive mode of solving problems with ample opportunities for users; 4) the possibility of collective use of documents on the basis of a group of computers, united by means of communication; 5) the possibility of adaptive restructuring of the form and method of presenting information in the process of solving problems
ACS is a "man-machine" system that ensures the effective functioning of the control object, in which the collection and processing of information necessary for the implementation of control functions is carried out using automation and computer technology. Automated control systems (ACS) are used for information processing.
Information technology: concept, essence, types. In the Russian Federation, this area is regulated by Federal Law 149 of July 27, 2006 On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection, which contains certain concepts adopted in this area of human activity.
1) information - information (messages, data), regardless of the form of their presentation and existence; 2) information technology - processes, methods of searching, collecting, storing, processing, providing, disseminating information and ways of implementing such processes and methods; 3) information system - a set of information contained in databases and information technologies and technical means ensuring its processing; 4) information and telecommunications network - a technical system designed to transmit information over communication lines, access to which is carried out using IT-technology; It is necessary to possess the following concepts, which are used by this law:
5) information owner - a person who independently created information, or who received it on the basis of a legal agreement on certain grounds; 6) access to information - the ability to obtain information and use it; 7) confidentiality of information - a mandatory requirement for any users and performer who has access to information not to transmit certain information without the consent of its owner; 8) provision of information - actions aimed at obtaining information by a certain circle of persons or transferring information to a certain circle of persons;
9) dissemination of information - actions aimed at obtaining information by an indefinite circle of persons or transferring information to an indefinite circle of persons; 10) electronic message - information transmitted or received by the user of the information and telecommunication network; 11) documented information - information recorded on a material medium by documenting information with requisites that make it possible to determine the information enshrined in legislative acts; 12) operator of an information system - a citizen or a legal entity carrying out activities for the provision, use of an information system, including the processing of information contained in a database.
Conclusion: information technology is a process of implementing clear rules and operations with primary data to obtain and develop information for the user. The main tools for the implementation of IT are hardware, software and, of course, mathematical support, which together allows transforming information into a new, maximally unified and everyday quality.
As for basic IT, these are technical means designed to organize the process of processing and transferring information. Subject technologies are used in professional fields (financial, statistical and, of course, in the tourism sector), since a connection is established and a sequence of actions is established to obtain a specific result in a specific field of activity. Providing information technologies are used to process information, i.e. these are either different platforms with the problem of specific thematic integration, in which case a single standard interface is used.
1. IT for data processing, i.e. programming systems or spreadsheets (DBMS); 2. IT for processing textual information; 3. IT graphics processing; 4. IT processing animation, video, sound, etc .; 5. IT for knowledge processing, namely expert systems. 6. Taken together, all these IT form an integrated system with a huge ability to process various types of information. IT has a system and application interface. Based on the type of information being processed, IT is divided into:
1) Hardware-software tools that provide graphical display and exchange of information. 2) The system interface is a set of methods for interacting with a computer using an operating system, which can be implemented with customization. 3) The command interface is the easiest to use and implements the system prompt for command input. 4) Interface WIMP windows image menu pointer - displays images of programs and action menus. And the choice of the icon using the pointer, of course. 5) The speach image language knowledge interface moves a request from one search image along semantic semantic links. 6) The application interface implements some functional information technology. By interface we mean:
