Section structured cable network sks. What does SKS mean? Basic principles of building SCS

Installation of a local area network, which was made with high quality and at a high professional level, is the key to uninterrupted operation. computer technology all office staff.

Today it is almost impossible to imagine life without computers and the Internet. Century high technology obliges: in order to keep pace with competitors, and ideally overtake them, you need to apply all the latest information solutions in your business. Development digital technologies manifested itself, in particular, in small and medium-sized businesses. Without the presence of structured cabling systems (SCS), it is simply impossible to effectively carry out the company's activities. Today we will try to answer the primary questions related to the design and installation of SCS and LAN.

What does the installation of SCS include

It's complicated complex measures, which should begin with preliminary work.

The preliminary stage includes:

• installing a cable channel and preparing holes in the walls (this work can also take a lot of time, because it’s one thing to drill drywall, and another to ditch a channel in an old brick building);
• cable laying in the prepared channel;
• installation of the mounting structure and placement of the cable in the communication panel.

As a rule, the design of SCS is carried out in ready-made offices of constructed buildings. This allows you to immediately apply new technologies (refusal of copper cable in favor of fiber).

Cable laying is a business, the effectiveness of which depends on the qualifications of the performer (and often on his conscientiousness). Since the cable can be laid more complex and more in a simple way, many implementation companies offer a simpler (open) way by default, rather than a more complex (internal) one.

Of course, open method has its merits, but back side shortcomings. The cable remains visible. If necessary, it can be easily replaced (or removed altogether, if the office has undergone redevelopment and the cable should no longer run through the entire room). But much more aesthetic (and more practical) way of closed laying (in a box). First, it does not violate appearance premises. Secondly, the cable is much less subject to mechanical stress. The relative disadvantage of this method is that it requires significant financial investments.

LAN installation

Which is produced with high quality and at a high professional level, is the key to the smooth operation of computer equipment of all office employees.

The main factors to be considered when laying a LAN are as follows:

• determination of the purpose of creating a network (what function it should perform as a result);
• determining the required throughput;
• establishing the number of jobs;
• available expansion options.

At the stage of preparation for the installation of a LAN, it is also necessary to consider the presence, quantity and placement of additional equipment(adapters, routers, switches, etc.). Timely consideration of all of the above factors will help to avoid failures and minimize the number of equipment breakdowns.

Competent and carefully thought-out LAN laying in any office will provide high-quality productive work variety of office equipment. Even in the presence of a high load, the equipment will work with greater efficiency if the LAN was mounted by professionals.

Since it is not an exaggeration to say that almost every process in the operation of a small or medium-sized business is computerized, investing in quality LAN installation is a way to significantly reduce further costs.

The abbreviation SKS stands for structured cabling. According to the definition of standards, SCS is a universal telecommunications infrastructure of a building or a complex of buildings, designed to transmit signals of all types, including voice, information and video. SCS can be installed before users' requirements for data transfer speed become known and before the choice of network protocols.

The scope of SCS recommended by the standards is: 50 - 50,000 users and up to 1,000,000 m2 of office space. SCS may not be built in the entire building, but on a separate floor or part of the floor occupied by a separate tenant.

The process of building SCS is regulated by the following standards:

• EN 50173 - European standard
• ISO 11801 - international standard
• ANSI/EIA/TIA 568-B - American standard

Structured cabling provides long term services, combining ease of use, data quality and reliability. The introduction of SCS creates the basis for increasing the efficiency of the organization, reducing operating costs, improving communication within the company and the quality of customer service.

SCS, which meets the requirements of the standards, in comparison with separate information and telephone networks, has a number of advantages:

1. allows you to transmit speech and information signals;
2. ensures the operation of several generations of computers and network devices without the need to replace or upgrade the SCS;
3. provides for the use of any standard network equipment;
4. implements a wide range of data transfer rates from 100 Kbps for voice applications to 10,000 Mbps for information applications;
5. reduces labor costs for network maintenance due to ease of operation and administration;
6. admits simultaneous use several different types of network protocols;
7. provides a reduction in prices for standard structural elements and components;
8. allows you to realize the freedom of movement of users within the entire working area while maintaining access and personal data (addresses, internal and external phone numbers, passwords, access rights, classes of service, etc.);
9. has great reliability;
10. provides transparency - thanks to the documentation of the SCS, the work of the organization does not depend on an employee with exclusive knowledge of network connections.

In accordance with the international standard ISO / IEC 11801, a structured cabling system includes three subsystems:

• the main subsystem of the complex of buildings;
• the main subsystem of the building;
• horizontal subsystem.

The backbone subsystem of the building complex serves to connect the cable systems of buildings. The main transmission medium is optical fiber (single-mode or multi-mode).

The main subsystem of the building connects the distribution points of the floors. The building backbone uses multi-mode optical fiber, multi-pair and four-pair cables of the " twisted pair".

The horizontal subsystem includes distribution panels and switching cables of the distribution point of the floor, horizontal cables and telecommunications connectors. It provides unification of subsystem subscribers into common network and access to mainstream resources. The transmission medium of the horizontal subsystem is electrically conductive cables of category 5 and above. Fiber optics are also allowed.

The SCS design procedure is a multi-stage process. SCS design can be divided into two stages - architectural and telecommunications. The main task of the architectural design stage of the SCS is to prepare the conditions and conduct surveys on the territories of the proposed facility in order to determine best options location of cable routes and SCS subsystems. At the telecommunications design stage of the SCS, the calculation is made individual components specific SCS in accordance with the needs of the customer.

SCS installation is a responsible procedure that determines the level technical parameters components of the cable system and the duration of their compliance with the requirements of the standards. SCS installation work must be carried out by qualified specialists.

Below is a list standard works performed during the installation of SCS:

• Making through holes in walls and ceilings
• Mounting cable channels(cable ducts, skirting boards, etc.)
• Installing a Cable Tray System Under a False Ceiling
• Laying trunk and horizontal cables
• Connecting horizontal cables to socket modules
• Assembly of telecommunication cabinets and racks
• Connecting horizontal and trunk cables to switching equipment
• Testing SCS lines
• The final stage of SCS installation is the commissioning of the cable system.

Even a well-installed system can lead to partial or complete inoperability. network infrastructure due to hidden defects in the system components, which can only be detected by the results of special testing. In the process of such testing, all SCS lines (or channels) are checked using a cable analyzer for compliance with the requirements of SCS standards. Application testing is also possible.

Team Computers provides a full range of testing and certification services for category 5 and category 6 structured cabling systems.

Testing is performed using the Fluke DTX-1800 cable analyzer from Fluke Networks.

The cost of the finished system consists of the cost of the components and materials used, as well as the cost of design, installation and testing of the SCS.

For a preliminary calculation of the cost of a particular project and obtaining commercial offer you should contact our managers by phone 258-00-71 (in Moscow) or e-mail. This service is usually provided free of charge.

In preparing this article, materials from the site were used

The current categories of copper unshielded twisted pair cabling, defined by the international standard ISO / IEC 11801 and the American standard ANSI / EIA / TIA 568-B are categories 3, 5 and 5e, 6, 6a, categories 7, 7a (ISO 11801 international standard), and since June 2016 cat.8 ( cable standard ANSI/TIA-568-C.2-1). Some networks still use legacy Category 1 and Category 2 cables.

Category3 represents 4-pair cable for building telephone and local networks 10BASE-T and token ring, supports data transfer rates up to 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps using 100BASE-T4 technology at a distance of no more than 100 meters, meets the requirements of the IEEE 802.3 standard.

Category 4 twisted pair cable consists of 4 twisted pairs, used in token ring, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T4 networks, data transfer rate does not exceed 16 Mbps over one pair, is not used now.

On cable twisted pair category 6 it is possible to organize transport over the network at a speed of 10 Gigabit / s at a distance of 30-55 meters.

SCS category6A organizes data transmission over the network at a speed of 10 Gigabit / s, using technology 10 gigabit ethernet(10GbE), at a distance of up to 100 meters. Cat. 6a supports new standard wireless Wi-Fi - IEEE 802.11ac. This standard allows you to increase the data transfer rate up to one Gb / s.

Twisted pair 8th cat. differs from the TIA 568-C.2 standard in shorter length and fewer connection points. Category 8 channel configuration includes two modular jacks. Maximum length fixed horizontal cable - 24 m. The total length of modular equipment cords 24 AWG - a maximum of 6 m.

In such channels to connect active equipment interconnections are used, at the ends of which only one piece of switching equipment is involved: a patch panel port or a socket.
Twisted pair 8th cat is used to organize the physical infrastructure of the data center with the topology "top of rack" (each cabinet is installed network switch) and “end of row” (the end cabinet in each row plays the role of a distributor and is equipped with patch panels with horizontal cable pulling to the rest of the cabinets in this row).
The ANSI/TIA-568-C.2-1 cable standard for Category 8 (Cat 8), effective since 2016, specifies requirements for a twisted-pair channel up to 30 m. 45.

Accounting for PoE needs in Category 8 copper SCS

Twisted pair cables cat. 8, using conductors of large cross section, is characterized by the ability to transmit currents significantly larger, than in other systems, while due to the shielding, such cables heat up less - more precisely, they remove heat more efficiently. Other things being equal, such cables can be assembled into bundles bigger size than the previous categories, and for PoE applications this is an important consideration.

There are two more Cat. 8.1 and cat. 8.2.

Twisted pair cat. 8.1 Fully compatible with Cat.6A cable, provides data transfer rates up to 40Gbps when using standard 8P8C connectors. This category of cable has either an overall shield or shields around each F/UTP or U/FTP pair. Is under development.

• Twisted pair cat. 8.2. fully compatible with cat.7A cable, provides data transfer rates up to 40 Gbps using standard 8P8C or GG45/ARJ45 and TERA connectors. This category of cable has an overall shield and shields around each F/FTP or S/FTP pair. Is under development.

	Frequency range	Applications	Year of adoption of the standard
		1 pair, used only for voice/data transmission via modem (not suitable for modern systems)/	Obsolete Standard
		2 pairs, 4 Mbps on Token ring and Arcnet networks (not suitable for modern systems). Sometimes found in telephone networks.	Obsolete Standard
		10BASE-T, 100BASE-T4 Ethernet
		token ring 16Mbps	1993, obsolete standard
		100Base-TX (Fast Ethernet) ATM 155
		Fast Ethernet (100BASE-TX), Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T)
		Gigabit Ethernet 2.5 Gbps
		10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-T)	specification for
		10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-T)	specification for given type cable approved only by the international standard ISO 11801
	1600 - 2000 MHz	40GBase-T supporting IEEE 802.3bq
	1600 - 2000 MHz		in developing
	1600 - 2000 MHz	100 Gigabit Ethernet (40GBASE-T)	in developing

Development of SCS standards

2010

ANSI/TIA-1179 Healthcare Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard. The standard recommends the use of systems of the highest category to ensure the highest possible service life and reduce the costs associated with replacing obsolete cables. For new installations, these are category 6a cables and connectors.

ANSI/TIA-942-A is the telecommunications infrastructure standard for data centers. TIA-942-A includes TIA-942 and two supplements that recognize coaxial cables and recommend category 6a as the minimum acceptable for the data center.

ANSI/TIA-4966 Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for educational institutions. Cat. 5e is recognized, cat. 6a recommended for expansion functionality wired and wireless networks connections.

Correspondence of cable and connector categories to application classes

The ISO/IEC 11801 and TIA/EIA-568-B standards specify cables and connectors by category. Categories are defined maximum frequency signal that the corresponding connectors and cables are designed for. Higher category cables and connectors support all applications that are designed to work on lower category cables.

The main differences between communication lines of various categories

Parameter
frequency range, MHz
Attenuation, dB
Return loss, dB
Propagation delay, ns

The practice of applying standards for cabling systems

Modern cable systems are built taking into account rigidly determined international industry standards. In addition, the Russian Federation has its own SCS standards. Standards for the development of SCS are increasingly used in modern networks, since they spell out the basic requirements for the creation of highly reliable communication networks.

To ensure the guaranteed quality of building cable systems, it is especially important for contractor companies to strictly comply with design standards, procedures that involve the installation of SCS, processes for preparing documentation, administering and operating systems. In connection with these priorities, SCS standards are conditionally divided into requirements for design, installation and administration.

Design standards prescribe the conditions of the transmission medium and the parameters of the connectors used, as well as the quality of the line and channel, the permissible cable lengths, the methods of connecting conductors, the topology and functional elements structured cabling system. A special group includes industrial standards for the construction of SCS, which define the rules for the design and operation of cable networks in various sectors of the economy.

Traditionally, the main processes for the development of international industry standards are carried out by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The current reference document for structured cabling is ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-Ay, the commercial building telecommunications cabling standard.

The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) operates in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization. CENELEC countries adopt European design standards as national requirements without any amendment.

In the industrial sector of the economy, there is a need for specialized interfaces for managing and controlling structured networks. Therefore, to develop industrial SCS interfaces, the international association TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) and the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) committee joined together several years ago. The purpose of the joint activity of this group is to develop standards for the creation and use of telecommunication infrastructures for industrial buildings, complexes and campuses, commercial buildings or structures created according to a unique project.

However, it should be pointed out that the adopted regulatory documents are always observed during the construction of SCS, adjusted for each specific facility.

For instance, international standards(ISO) allow an increase in the length of lines over 90 meters and determine the permissible length of electrically conductive channels in the range from 100 to 3000 meters. But in practice, restrictions on the length of highways are conditional. Depending on the type of object, its location and parameters.

It was repeatedly mentioned how it is necessary to carry out work related to the installation of SCS (or structured cabling systems). Therefore, it is worth understanding the very concept of SCS, as well as understanding how exactly they stand out from all those existing on this moment cable systems? This article gives complete definition this concept, the properties of the SCS, as well as the cumulative principles related to their construction, are indicated.

What is an SCS?

A structured cabling system (SCS) is a multifunctional complex of certain cable routes of urban structures (or a separate building), various premises, which is designed to perform the function of connecting equipment for various purposes over a long period of time. The main characteristics of SCS include versatility, as well as a long period of work.
In addition, SCS:

• capable of ensuring the functioning of communication of various systems (telephone, video surveillance, fire alarm, computer network, as well as burglar alarms);
• stationary, it is deployed for a long period of time (from 5 years);
• does not depend on the type of connected equipment.

What is included in the SCS?

As a rule, SCS is built using communication equipment related to passive type, including:

SCS includes:

• special switching nodes (acting as connection points for various network equipment related to the active type);
• cable lines (laid cable wiring both vertically and horizontally);
• workplaces (where telephony devices and various office equipment are directly connected).

SCS in multi-storey buildings are presented in the form of switching nodes located on each separate floor, and cable lines are laid vertically between them, while using horizontal wiring, the switching node of a separate floor is connected directly to those located on given level jobs. And all switching nodes are connected to a single switching center of the whole building. An external communication line approaches this place.
To date, all SCS are standardized, in the process of designing modern cable trunks, as well as connection points various equipment, conventional models of sockets are used, a cable of a certain type. As a rule, all workplaces are equipped with at least 2 sockets designed to connect various types of computer equipment, telephones. At the same time, the sockets are installed so that the length of the patch cord used to connect all kinds of equipment is not more than 5 m.

Important requirements for SCS

Among the most necessary requirements requirements for currently used SCS buildings include their fire safety. When laying a cable route, as well as choosing the type of cable, it is important to take into account fire safety rules.

The requirements associated with the length of modern cable lines are established taking into account the type of cable used. To date, SCS does not apply up to category 5, but this cable limited along the length of a horizontal cable route to 90 m. However, using a fiber-optic network, this route can be stretched over a length of more than 300 meters. SCS is usually designed with a large number connections than required, so that in the future, when expanding the urban infrastructure, it would not be necessary to carry out auxiliary large-scale work.

All horizontal and vertical wiring lines in the SCS must be designed so that they can be quickly re-switched.

In addition, all cable lines must be securely hidden: lay the cable in special technological wells located behind raised floors or ceilings, protect them with a special box.
After the installation of structured cabling systems (SCS), absolutely all available communication lines in the cable system must be tested for endurance, as well as for the degree of compliance with certain international technical standards.
More detailed information for cable products and components of SCS you can get from our specialists.

SCS is a universal information technology (IT) infrastructure that determines directions in the design of cable systems based on requirements end users. Modern company unable to do without Email, local, computing and telephone networks, without databases, without access to the Internet or ICQ. All this is necessary to solve topical business tasks and all this is the infrastructure of Information Technology (IT) or SCS, the versatility of which is laid down during design and is able to influence the efficiency of work in the future, expand and “shrink” with business requirements and always remain a reliable support for the stable development of any organization.

Represents cable wiring, implemented in accordance with certain standards. The main difference between SCS and LAN is its independence from the applications that will be used later, which allows it to support wide range applications. Compliance with SCS standards makes it possible to integrate into a single information structure:

• computer (LAN) and telephone network(TS);
• means of security and fire alarms (OPS);
• security video surveillance (SOVN) and IP video surveillance;
• access control system (ACS) and sound alert;
• television and radio, etc.

Structured cabling system - a universal cabling system of a building (or a complex of buildings), built according to the rules defined by international standards:

• ISO/IEC 11801:2002(E), Information Technology Generic Cabling for Customer Premises ( information technology general cabling of customer premises).
• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard

SCS can be built on the basis of many products various manufacturers using two main signal transmission media- copper twisted pair and fiber optics.

A structured cabling system SCS can be implemented both in the environment of a group of buildings and in a separate building. It can consist of three subsystems that can be connected in a network with a star topology.

Topology

SCS is cabling implemented in accordance with certain standards. The main difference between SCS and LAN is its independence from the applications that will be used later, which allows it to support a wide range of applications.

Compliance with SCS standards makes it possible to integrate a computer network, LAN, telephone network, security and fire alarms, security video surveillance and IP video surveillance into a single information structure; access control and sound warning system ; television and radio, etc.

The service life of such infrastructure is immeasurably longer than that of individual devices networks, and the greater the understanding of the need to invest in structured cabling and enterprise security systems, the greater the savings you can expect in the long run. The construction of the computer network itself may have several different topologies: star, common bus, a tree or be looped and, for example, within the same building it differs into a horizontal component and a main one.

Horizontal cable system- a floor system of a building connecting telecommunication sockets in the workplace (Work Area - WA) with a horizontal cross-section (Floor Distribution - FD) located in the telecommunications room. FD can be located on the same or adjacent floor.

Backbone cabling inside the building- cable system (SCS), connecting each horizontal cross (FD) inside one building with the main (Campus Distribution - CD) or building cross (Building Distribution - BD).

Backbone cable system between buildings- a cable system linking buildings in a group of buildings environment. Each external trunk cable runs from the main distribution box (CD) (usually located in the central building) to the intermediate distribution box (BD).

SCS design

When designing SCS, we will ensure the productive and efficient use of the workspace by optimizing its four main elements, namely: structure, systems, services and management, as well as the relationship between them.

One of our activities is the implementation of the entire range of works on the design, supply and installation of equipment for the creation of Data Processing Centers (DPC): low-voltage cable systems, uninterruptible power supply systems, systems for monitoring and maintaining specified climatic conditions, network equipment, servers and data storage systems ; to create reliable security systems: video surveillance, fire alarm, access control and management, we use turnkey solutions for integration with IT systems, which allows you to optimize costs and expand the capabilities of existing equipment.

Installation of SCS

We use proven technologies, equipment and materials from certified manufacturers. We reduce construction works on SCS installation to a minimum, are aimed at the final result, letters of thanks and recommendations from Customers are the main indicator of our qualification.

Company specialists OOO "EngineeringGroup" they will install the SCS, test it, and if certification of the installed SCS equipment is required, they will issue warranty card and help you maintain and maintain your system. We are sensitive to the wishes of the Customer, and always try to do a little more than he expects.

Advantages of the Customer when working with us

Why we are trusted

	Low prices . We really offer low prices and even more so with a complex order or when you re-apply, because you are working not with intermediaries! the cost of the project when ordering installation work! Equipment cost and Supplies much less than competitors due to experience and sales volumes. The first year of maintenance (TO-1 and TO-2) we refer to as a guarantee and for our Customers it is free of charge!
	Project department . Our GUI department is the basis of all creative undertakings necessary to create a modern high-quality product. Designers are the first to carry out an individual approach to each object being developed, perform a quick and high-quality calculation, detailed study technical documentation, carry out "author's supervision" and support of the adopted engineering solutions.
	Freedom of choice . We are not associated with the supply of any specific equipment, we have our own warehouse and many different suppliers. We introduce equipment at the facilities only from those manufacturers whose equipment meets all the requirements of the client in terms of reliability, efficiency, safety and price. The engineering systems installed by us allow you to reduce your costs at the construction stage, during operation and when building the system in the future.
	Full-time specialists. Our engineers and installers working at the facilities work on a permanent basis, all work from installation to commissioning is carried out independently without the help of random installation teams. Our engineers are not sellers of passing services and additional work but trained professionals focused on results.
	Legality. Our activity is fixed legally, we are always ready to provide you with the necessary permits, permits, licenses and certificates. The absence of intermediaries allows to reduce the terms of acceptance technical solutions and ultimately save you money.
	Service center. We have been providing services for you since 2009. maintenance and repair of complex modern engineering systems, has diagnostic equipment, a stationary workshop, its own warehouse for spare parts and replacement stock. The qualifications of our employees allow us to quickly repair and put into operation almost any security system, and the mobility of the teams and the presence of several strong points allow us to arrive on site emergency repairs within 2 hours in Moscow.
	Individual approach for us it is sensitivity to the customer's expectations, full mutual understanding, reliability of cooperation, efficiency and achievement of a common goal. We strive for long-term and mutually beneficial cooperation.