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Psi express cards. PCI-Express interface, its main characteristics and backward compatibility

29.09.2019 In contact with

What connectors are on the motherboard and what are they for. You will learn about this in this article.

CPU socket or socket

The processor socket is a large rectangular socket. As a rule, this connector is located at the top of the board.

Connectors are of various types. In order to install a processor on a motherboard, it must be compatible with the socket on the board.

There are cases when the socket type of the processor and the board are the same, but the board does not support this processor model. As a result, such a combination of motherboard and processor will not work.

processor socket or socket

Modern processors from Intel use the following types of sockets:

  • socket 1150
  • socket 1155
  • socket 1356
  • socket 1366
  • socket2011

Modern processors from AMD use the following types of sockets:

  • SocketAM3
  • socket AM3+
  • Socket FM1
  • Socket FM2

Connectors for installing RAM or slots

The RAM slots are long, vertical slots located to the right or either side of the processor. Modern motherboard RAM sockets are of the DDR3 type.

Older motherboards may use DDR2 or DDR1 sockets. All these types are not compatible with each other. Therefore, installing DDR3 in a DDR2 slot will not work.

PCI Express connectors

PCI Express slots are slots on the motherboard that are designed to install additional cards. These connectors are located on the bottom of the motherboard.

PCI Express connectors

There are several types of PCI Express connector: PCI Express x1, PCI Express x4 and PCI Express x16. In most cases, the PCI Express x16 slot is used to install video cards, and the remaining slots are used to install other expansion cards, such as sound cards.

There are three versions of PCI Express. These are PCI Express 1.0, PCI Express 2.0 and PCI Express 3.0. All of these versions are fully compatible. This allows new PCI Express 3.0 devices to be installed on older PCI Express 1.0 motherboards. The only limitation is the data transfer rate. When you install a new device in an older version of PCI Express, the device will run at the speed of the old version of PCI Express.

The PCI slot is the old connector for connecting expansion cards. Now it is practically not used and is installed only in some motherboards.

The PCI slot can be found on the bottom of the motherboard, next to the PCI Express slots.

SATA connectors are connectors designed to connect hard drives, SSD drives and disk drives.

These connectors are located at the bottom of the motherboard and in most cases are colored red.

There are three versions of SATA, they are SATA 1.0, SATA 2.0 and SATA 3.0. All these versions are fully compatible and differ only in data transfer speed. SATA 1.0 is 1.5Gb/s, SATA 2.0 is 3Gb/s, and SATA 3.0 is 6Gb/s.

The motherboard power connector is located to the right of the RAM. It can consist of 20, 24 or 28 pins.

Connect power from the power supply to this connector.

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"Manhunt1908"Mainboard support for the new PCI Express v.3.0 standard is not really its competitive advantage" We basically get that in PCI Express 3.0, in fact, it has no real advantages, and it will not increase the speed in modern games. then it’s no longer necessary or interesting for anyone, there is no increase, which means it sucks, but in addition to the gaming functions of the PCI Express v.3.0 standard, it has other functions, in particular USB 3.0 directly depends on the motherboard with the PCI Express support function v.3.0, after all, they themselves say that, Well, the presence of two or four USB 3.0 ports in a computer, by today's standards, is simply necessary, 3.0 is much faster than 2.0, many have tested this in practice. Like it or not, a motherboard with PCI Express v. 3.0 is needed, a lot of the latest technologies are tied specifically to this standard. It’s unlikely that someone will refuse to have such a solid list on board their motherboard, below!
SupremeFX IV
Perfect Sound
This motherboard boasts a high-quality audio system based on the built-in SupremeFX IV sound card, marked on the PCB with a special line. Capacitive capacitors and electromagnetic shielding contribute to the highest sound quality. In addition, the SupremeFX IV includes a dedicated headphone amplifier.

GameFirst II
The GameFirst II function based on cFos Traffic Shaping technology will help you prioritize the use of the Internet channel by various applications. Having received the highest priority, online games will work as quickly as possible, without annoying "lags", and other online applications that have a low priority for using the Internet channel will not interfere with this. There is a user-friendly ROG-style GUI to access this feature.

Gigabit Ethernet controller
Intel network controllers are renowned for their stable and efficient operation at low CPU usage.

mPCIe Combo adapter and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth 4.0 controller
In order to save the main expansion slots, this motherboard is equipped with a special additional slot with mPCIe Combo adapter, which can connect devices with mSATA interfaces (such as solid state drive) and mPCIe interfaces (Wi-Fi, 3G / 4G, GPS, etc.) .). Moreover, the package already includes an mPCIe card with support for Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n and Bluetooth 4.0.

Fusion Thermo Cooling System
To cool the elements of the power system on this motherboard, a special ROG Fusion Thermo cooler is used, which consists of a copper water block, massive radiators and a heat pipe. Thus, it can be used both as part of a liquid cooling system and for conventional cooling with fans. > Learn more
ROG Connect

Interface for overclocking and setting ROG Connect
With the ROG Connect function, you can monitor the status of the computer and configure its settings in real time using a laptop by connecting the latter to the main system via a USB cable.

Extreme Engine Digi+ II
High efficiency digital power system
The Extreme Engine Digi+ II power management system delivers highly efficient performance with variable frequency PWM digital processor and memory voltage regulators. It also uses high quality capacitors from Japanese manufacturers. A reliable and powerful power supply system is the key to the successful operation of a computer in overclocking mode!

ROG CPU-Z
The new face of the famous utility
ROG CPU-Z is a customized version of the well-known information utility from CPUID. It provides the same functionality and system accuracy as the original, but with a unique Republic of Gamers-style interface. With ROG CPU-Z, you can get complete information about the processor and some other components of your computer.

Multi-GPU technologies
LucidLogix Virtu MVP
High speed in graphics applications
LucidLogix Virtu MVP Technology is Windows 7 software that automatically switches between the processor's integrated graphics core and a discrete graphics card. By putting a discrete graphics card into sleep mode when its resources are not needed, energy savings are achieved, the noise level from the computer decreases and the temperature inside the system unit decreases, which contributes to a more favorable operation of all components. In addition, you can use the integrated graphics core to accelerate the main graphics card, which allows you to increase performance by 60% (as measured by 3DMark Vantage). It is also worth noting that this technology is fully compatible with the Intel Quick Sync 2.0 video transcoding function.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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    Unlike the PCI standard, which used a common bus for data transfer with several devices connected in parallel, PCI Express, in general, is a packet network with a star topology.

    PCI Express devices communicate with each other through a medium formed by switches, with each device directly connected by a point-to-point connection to the switch.

    In addition, the PCI Express bus supports:

    • guaranteed bandwidth (QoS);
    • energy management;
    • integrity control of transmitted data.

    The PCI Express bus is intended to be used as a local bus only. Since the software model of PCI Express is largely inherited from PCI, existing systems and controllers can be modified to use the PCI Express bus by replacing only the physical layer, without modifying the software. The high peak performance of the PCI Express bus allows it to be used instead of AGP buses, and even more so PCI and PCI-X. The de facto PCI Express has replaced these buses in personal computers.

    Connectors

    • MiniCard (Mini PCIe) - A replacement for the Mini PCI form factor. Buses are output to the Mini Card connector: x1 PCIe, USB 2.0 and SMBus.
    • ExpressCard - Similar to the PCMCIA form factor. The x1 PCIe and USB 2.0 buses are output to the ExpressCard connector, ExpressCard cards support hot plugging.
    • AdvancedTCA is a form factor for telecommunications equipment.
    • Mobile PCI Express Module (MXM) is an industrial form factor created for laptops by NVIDIA. It is used to connect graphics accelerators.
    • Cable specifications PCI Express allow you to bring the length of one connection to tens of meters, which makes it possible to create a computer, peripheral devices which are located at a considerable distance.
    • StackPC is a specification for building stackable computer systems. This specification describes the StackPC, FPE expansion connectors and their relative position.

    PCI Express X1

    Mini PCI-E

    Mini PCI Express is a PCI Express bus format for portable devices.

    There are many peripherals available for this connector standard:

    Mini PCI Express SSD

    • Power supply 3.3 V

    express card

    ExpressCard slots are currently (November 2010) used to connect:

    • SSD drive boards
    • Video cards
    • 1394/FireWire controllers (iLINK)
    • docking stations
    • measuring instruments
    • memory
    • Memory card adapters (CF, MS, SD, xD, etc.)
    • Mice
    • Network adapters
    • Parallel ports
    • PC Card/PCMCIA Adapters
    • PCI extensions
    • PCI Express Extensions
    • remote control
    • SATA controllers
    • Serial ports
    • Smartcard adapters
    • TV tuners
    • USB controllers
    • Wi-Fi wireless network adapters
    • Wireless broadband internet adapters (3G, CDMA, EVDO, GPRS, UMTS, etc.)
    • Sound cards for home multimedia and professional audio interfaces.

    Protocol description

    To connect a PCI Express device, a bidirectional point-to-point serial connection is used, called a line (English lane - lane, row); this differs sharply from PCI, in which all devices are connected to a common 32-bit parallel bidirectional bus.

    Competing Protocols

    In addition to PCI Express, there are a number of high-speed standardized serial interfaces, to name but a few: HyperTransport, InfiniBand, RapidIO, and StarFabric. Each interface has its adherents among industrial companies, as protocol specifications have already spent significant amounts of money, and each consortium seeks to emphasize the advantages of its particular interface over others.

    A standardized high-speed interface, on the one hand, should be flexible and extensible, and on the other hand, should provide low latency and low overhead (that is, the packet overhead should not be large). In essence, the differences between interfaces lie precisely in the trade-off chosen by the developers of a particular interface between these two conflicting requirements.

    For example, additional overhead routing information in a packet allows organizing complex and flexible routing of the packet, but increases the overhead for packet processing, also reduces the throughput of the interface, and complicates the software that initializes and configures devices connected to the interface. If it is necessary to provide hot-plugging of devices, special software is needed that would track changes in the network topology. Examples of interfaces that are adapted for this are RapidIO, InfiniBand, and StarFabric.

    At the same time, by shortening the packets, it is possible to reduce the delay in data transfer, which is an important requirement for a memory interface. But the small size of the packets leads to the fact that the proportion of overhead fields of the packet increases, which reduces the effective throughput of the interface. An example of this type of interface is HyperTransport.

    The position of PCI Express is between the described approaches, since the PCI Express bus is designed to work as a local bus, rather than a processor-memory bus or a complex routed network. In addition, PCI Express was originally conceived as a bus logically compatible with the PCI bus, which also introduced its own limitations.

    PCI Express is a bus that is used to connect a variety of components to a desktop PC. With its help, video cards, network cards, sound cards, WiFi modules and other similar devices are connected. The development of this bus was started by Intel in 2002. Now the non-profit organization PCI Special Interest Group is developing new versions of this bus.

    At the moment, the PCI Express bus has completely replaced such obsolete buses as AGP, PCI and PCI-X. The PCI Express bus is located at the bottom of the motherboard in a horizontal position.

    What is the difference between PCI Express and PCI

    PCI Express is a bus that was developed from the PCI bus. The main differences between PCI Express and PCI lie at the physical level. While PCI uses a common bus, PCI Express uses a star topology. Each PCI Express device is connected to a common switch with a separate connection.

    The software model of PCI Express largely repeats the PCI model. Therefore, most existing CI controllers can be easily modified to use the PCI Express bus.

    In addition, the PCI Express bus supports new features such as:

    • Hot plug devices;
    • Guaranteed data exchange rate;
    • Energy management;
    • Control of the integrity of transmitted information;

    How the PCI Express Bus Works

    The PCI Express bus uses a bidirectional serial connection to connect devices. Moreover, such a connection can have one (x1) or several (x2, x4, x8, x12, x16 and x32) separate lines. The more such lines are used, the more data transfer speed the PCI Express bus can provide. Depending on the number of lines supported, the sort size on the motherboard will differ. There are slots with one (x1), four (x4) and sixteen (x16) lines.

    Visual demonstration of PCI Express and PCI slot dimensions

    At the same time, any PCI Express device can work in any slot if the slot has the same or more lanes. This allows you to install a PCI Express card with a x1 slot in a x16 slot on the motherboard.

    The throughput of PCI Express depends on the number of lanes and the bus version.

    One way / two ways in Gbps
    Number of lines
    x1 x2 x4 x8 x12 x16 x32
    PCIe 1.0 2/4 4/8 8/16 16/32 24/48 32/64 64/128
    PCIe 2.0 4/8 8/16 16/32 32/64 48/96 64/128 128/256
    PCIe 3.0 8/16 16/32 32/64 64/128 96/192 128/256 256/512
    PCIe 4.0 16/32 32/64 64/128 128/256 192/384 256/512 512/1024

    If you need to choose a video card or, call us and we will help!

    PCI- Express (PCIe,PCI-E)- serial, universal bus first unveiled July 22, 2002 of the year.

    Is an general, unifying a bus for all nodes of the motherboard, in which all devices connected to it are adjacent. Came to replace an obsolete tire PCI and its variations AGP, due to the increased requirements for bus bandwidth and the impossibility for reasonable means to improve the speed performance of the latter.

    The tire acts like switch by simply signaling from one point to another without changing it. This allows, without obvious loss of speed, with minimal changes and errors send and receive a signal.

    Data on the bus goes simplex(full duplex), that is, simultaneously in both directions at the same speed, and signal along the lines flows continuously, even when the device is turned off (as a constant current, or a bit signal of zeros).

    Synchronization constructed by the redundant method. That is, instead of 8 bit information is transmitted 10 bit, two of which are official (20% ) and in a certain sequence serve beacons for synchronization clock generators or error detection. Therefore, the declared speed for one line in 2.5 Gbps, is actually about 2.0 Gbps real.

    Nutrition each device on the bus, selected separately and regulated using technology ASPM (Active State Power Management). It allows, when the device is idle (without a signal) underestimate its clock generator and set the bus to reduced power consumption. If no signal is received for a few microseconds, the device considered inactive and switches to the mode expectations(time depends on device type).

    Speed ​​characteristics in two directions PCI- Express 1.0 :*

    1 x PCI-E~ 500 Mbps

    4x PCI-E~ 2 Gbps

    8 x PCI-E~ 4 Gbps

    16x PCI-E~ 8 Gbps

    32x PCI-E~ 16 Gbps

    *Data transfer rate in one direction is 2 times lower than these indicators

    January 15, 2007 PCI-SIG released an updated specification called PCI Express 2.0

    The main improvement was in 2 times increased speed data transmission ( 5.0 GHz, against 2.5GHz in the old version). Improvements have also been made point-to-point communication protocol(point-to-point), finalized software component and added system program monitoring for tire speed. At the same time, it preserved compatibility with protocol versions PCI-E 1.x

    In the new version of the standard ( PCI-Express 3.0 ), the main innovation will be modified coding system and synchronization. Instead of 10 bit systems ( 8 bit information, 2 bits service), will apply 130 bit (128 bit information, 2 bits official). This will reduce losses in speed from 20% to ~1.5%. Will also be redesigned synchronization algorithm transmitter and receiver, improved PLL(phase-locked loop).Transmission speed expected to increase 2 times(compared to PCI-E2.0), wherein compatibility will remain with previous versions PCI-Express.

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