Quite often, many users of computer systems are faced with the question of what system programs are. With knowledge of the principles of their work and correct use you can achieve a lot, well, at least avoid errors in the system or speed up (optimize) its work.
System programs for a computer: general concepts
As the name suggests, programs of this type are special utilities and regulation tools computer system- from diagnostics of all software and hardware components to maximum use absolutely all PC capabilities, even hidden ones.
In a sense, system programs and applications can be called a layer between the OS itself, installed software and hardware. Driver packages are a prime example.
In general, if we describe the programs in more detail, it is worth first dwelling on what they are, what functions are assigned to them.
Classification of system programs and their functions
If we talk about dividing system programs into classes according to their purpose, several main groups can be distinguished. So, system programs include (in different options classification): managing (resident and transit), processing, basic and service.
Considering the functions of the system software in general outline Without going into the intricacies of the principles of their work, we note that control applications are designed to use the internal data of the OS and are responsible for the correct functioning of all computing processes. Processing programs provide data exchange between the "operating system" and installed components(the most striking example is DirectX and driver sets). Basic programs- this is the minimum set of software required for the functioning of the system as a whole. Finally, service programs are also about improving the performance of modern computer systems.
Windows system programs
Concerning Microsoft Windows, they all have a certain minimum set of applications, which is installed in the computer system during the installation of the "operating system" itself.
If anyone does not know, the system programs themselves, for example, in Windows 7, can be found in the "Start" menu in the "Programs / Accessories / System Tools" section. In addition, there are two more directories here: "Administration" and "Maintenance". In all three directories are located system utilities designed to monitor, optimize, protect or restore the system, Reserve copy etc. It makes no sense to describe them in detail, since, as a rule, not every user turns to them, preferring applications third party developers... And this, I must say, has a certain meaning.
You cannot remove Windows system programs from your computer. Tricks like in Android OS, when, if you have root rights, you can delete any system component right up to the "OS" itself, do not work here. In principle, you can only uninstall applications that are user-installed... In general, this is correct, because after such an intervention, the entire system will simply cease to function.
Third party software
Windows OS is considered in the world almost the most widespread "operating system" in terms of the number of users. However, in terms of vulnerabilities, and the minimum set of functions, a huge number of imperfections and the absence of seemingly simply mandatory tools, it, unfortunately, is also ahead of everyone. It is probably for this reason that many system software developers create a huge number of utilities and software packages specifically for this OS. Judge for yourself, because according to by and large the same programs for system administrator are practically absent in Windows.
But there are also pitfalls here. The fact is that very often there is a system error "The program cannot be started (for such and such a reason or for no reason at all)". This is only due to the fact that each utility can be installed on systems, say, due to a discrepancy system requirements, different OS architecture and installed application (error: "... is not a Win32 application"), absence required drivers etc.
Nonetheless, the core system programs from third-party developers are much broader than from Microsoft. Consider basic applications, which every user of a computer system should have at his disposal.
Antivirus
As a rule, after the first installation or reinstallation of a system from scratch, the first thing to do is to install an anti-virus software package that could provide system protection at all levels, including tracking threats from the outside, penetration of viruses into the computer's RAM, monitoring the network or browsing the Internet, etc. etc.
What kind of program it will be, the user decides for himself. Now the choice is wide enough. Among the most popular antivirus packages the most famous can be distinguished: almost all software products Kaspersky Lab applications, Eset corporation applications (NOD and Smart Security), products such as Dr. Web, Norton Antivirus, AVG, Avira, Panda, Avast, etc.
Naturally, each of these packages has advantages and disadvantages. In addition, some applications are distributed completely free of charge and have no restrictions on use, others will have to pay, and very often a round sum. However, everyone decides for himself what to use.
Archivers
The second component of the required software, which must be installed on any system, is the program for working with archives. Most often, applications of this type are embedded in the Windows shell ( quick commands programs are in the context menus).
The most, in the opinion of many users and users, are WinRAR, WinZIP, 7-Zip and many others. Why install them? Yes, just because compressed archives are now ubiquitous. Even uploading files big size from the Internet is produced in the form of archived data.
Programs for testing the system and its components
Of course, one could limit ourselves to using only "native" Windows tools, but they give out far from full information about the state of the system and its components. For example, if you enter the menu "My Computer" / "Properties", there you can see only the basic parameters of the "hardware" and the installed "operating system".
The same goes for DirectX. Although the information is more detailed here, it is still far from what can be squeezed out of third-party applications. The only nice thing is that DirectX allows you to perform special tests on some Plug & Play devices.
You can determine the system load or get more detailed information in the tabs of the "System Configuration" menu called by the "msconfig" command, use the "System Information" in the Control Panel, or, finally, use the combination Ctrl keys+ Alt + Del, which calls the Task Manager (monitoring running processes, load on CPU and RAM, etc.).
It is much easier to use utilities like Everest or something else that not only give detailed characteristics installed equipment, but can also track changes in its physical parameters in real time.
In addition, this also includes some programs for the system administrator, whose task is reduced to monitoring the status local network, her correct functioning, prevent the penetration of threats or unauthorized access to network computer terminals and servers.
Optimizers
System programs for optimization are very important. Probably, this does not need to be explained to anyone. Over time, the system begins to slow down in most cases due to trash accumulated there or computer garbage... It could also be caused by a large amount of fragmented data. Of course, you can use standard OS tools Windows type cleaning or but, as practice shows, they are less effective than third-party software products.
The registry is even worse. Windows doesn't have a single tool to clean it up. And manually deleting or correcting incorrect or outdated entries and keys is absolutely thankless. So it is possible to "plant" the entire system.
As a rule, almost all utilities of this type are universal packages, which contain a fairly large set of tools for all occasions. It can be a program for system errors in terms of fixing them, the same defragmenter hard disk, a garbage cleaner on a hard disk or in RAM in the form of constantly hanging processes and services, an optimizer or defragmenter system registry, allowing without damage to the system to remove all unnecessary and streamline its structure for more quick access, an uninstaller that removes installed applications completely and completely, leaving no trace of their presence after them (which cannot be said about the "native" Windows uninstaller), updating drivers and much more.
As you can see, the versatility and ease of use of such software packages is evident. The most famous applications this type is considered CCleaner, Advanced System Care, Glary utilities, Ashampoo WinOptimizer etc.
The convenience of working with them also lies in the fact that almost all of them have special treatment search and automatic fixing of problems "in one click".
Backup and recovery software
System programs for creating backups data on a hard disk, drivers or an image of the state of the "operating system" are as important as all other system software. With the help of such copies, you can restore Windows health in a matter of minutes. Also, while saving images of hard disk, its logical partitions, or removable media, you can not lose important information even if the hard drive, flash drive or removable hard drive fails USB type HDD.
The Windows operating system itself has this feature. You can create special disc recovery or use the "System Restore" menu, for example, from the Control Panel. But here, too, there are failures. Sometimes recovery is impossible due to the presence of errors on the hard disk, moreover, in the area where the snapshot was saved, which is taken as control point recovery. At the same time, even checking the disk with automatic correction errors does not give the desired result.
Special system utilities like Acronis help here. True Image, which is rightfully considered one of the most functional in terms of using the capabilities in the operations performed and fine settings as well as most imaging applications ( Daemon tools, UltraISO, Alcohol 120% or the same package Nero Burning ROM).
Additional options
Finally, among additional funds for comfortable work, you should install sets of codecs and decoders for watching video and listening to audio (in addition to standard drivers devices). The most famous package is considered to be K-Lite. Codec Pack.
Must be present Adobe flash Player to play some types streaming video on the Internet, as well as programs like Adobe reader to work with files PDF format, which today are among the most common in their field. Although the second application does not apply to the system ones, its presence is required.
Majority technical documentation or the user manual is distributed in this format.
Conclusion
Were described only the basic system programs, applications and utilities, which are simply necessary for the correct functioning of the entire computer system and optimize its work. Of course, there are many more different kinds system utilities designed to solve specific problems. But it is simply impossible to describe all of them. V this review we only deal with the most essential set.
Test
by discipline: "Informatics"
System programs
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… ... 3
1.System software... Concept and functions …………………… 4
2. Operating system. Composition and purpose ………………………………… ... 5
3. Programming systems …………………………………………………… ..7
4. Service programs ………………………………………………………… 8
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………… ... 9
References ……………………………………………………………… 10
INTRODUCTION
Computers are universal devices for information processing. Unlike a telephone, tape recorder or TV, which perform only the functions that are predetermined in them, personal computers can perform any actions to process information. To do this, it is necessary to compose an exact and detailed sequence of instructions for the computer in a language it understands, i.e. a program for how to process information. The computer itself does not possess knowledge in any area of its application; all this knowledge is concentrated in programs executed on the computer. Therefore, the often used expression "computer made" means exactly that a program was executed on the computer that allowed performing the corresponding actions.
Changing programs for a computer, you can turn it into a workplace for almost any specialist, play any game. During their execution, programs can use various devices for data input and output.
Thus, for effective use of a computer, it is necessary to know the purpose and properties of the programs required when working with it. The purpose of this test work is the study of system programs.
1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE.
CONCEPT AND FUNCTIONS
Programs running on a computer can be divided into several categories:
Application programs that directly ensure the performance of the work necessary for users: editing texts, drawing pictures, processing information arrays;
Instrumental systems (programming systems providing the creation of new programs on a computer);
System programs that execute various secondary functions, for example, making copies of the information used, issuing reference information about the computer, checking the performance of computer devices.
In this way, software Is a set of programs and rules with all related documentation, allowing you to use computing machine for solving various tasks. System software Is a complex software modules, many of which come with your computer.
By functional purpose in system software, three components can be distinguished: operating systems (OS), programming systems and service programs.
Operating system - a set of programs that provide computer control, planning the effective use of its resources and solving problems as instructed by users. This system can be considered as a software continuation and extension of the personal computer hardware.
Programming system - a set of software tools that automate the development and debugging of programs.
2. OPERATING SYSTEM. COMPOSITION AND PURPOSE
To run any program on a computer, you need at least two resources: RAM(OP) for storing commands and data and a microprocessor (MP) for executing program instructions. The specified resources can be provided to the program by the programmer, if he manually places commands and data in the OP and enters the information into the machine to start the MT. However, this method is not acceptable for large programs since is very time consuming and slow. The operating system of a computer is designed to free the programmer from the painstaking work associated with the allocation of computer resources, control of its hardware and organization of program execution. It can ensure the operation (functioning) of the computer in one of three modes:
1. One-program mode. In this mode, all computer resources are presented to only one program that performs data processing.
2. Multi-program mode . When a computer operates in a multi-program mode, several programs, independent of each other, process data simultaneously. At the same time, programs share resources among themselves. The basis of the multiprogramming mode is the combination of the MP operation in time and the execution of manipulations with peripheral devices. The advantage of multi-program mode compared to single-program mode is more efficient use resources. There are several programs in the computer's RAM at the same time, but at any given time the MP executes only one.
3. Multitasking mode. In some cases, it is necessary that the implementation of several programs was coordinated and subordinate to the achievement of one common goal. To do this, the OS must have tools that allow tasks to interact with each other. The operating system in which these tools are implemented provides multitasking functionality.
The purpose of the operating system. The main purpose of the OS, which ensures the operation of a computer in any of the described modes, is the dynamic allocation of resources and their management in accordance with the requirements of computing processes. A resource is any object that can be shared by the operating system between computing processes in computer. Distinguish between hardware and software resources. Hardware includes a microprocessor, random access memory and peripherals; To software resources – available to the user software tools for managing computational processes and data. The operating system mediates between the computer and the user, analyzes the user's requests and ensures their execution.
3. PROGRAMMING SYSTEMS
A programming system is a set of tools that automate the development and debugging of programs, and includes programming languages, translators from these languages, libraries of subroutines. Each computer has its own programming language - the language of machine programs and can directly execute programs written only in this language. As a numeric language, machine language is not very useful for programming, because requires a lot of time from the programmer. For this reason, programming languages that do not coincide with machine languages have become widespread. To languages high level include Pascal, C, BASIC, and others. Assembler languages play a special role. Assembly language is usually used by system programmers.
A program written in a programming language other than a machine must be converted into a form suitable for execution by a computer. This transformation is called broadcast. A program that converts the original module into an objective program for machine language called a translator. In addition, translators carry out parsing the program that is being broadcast. They can also debug and optimize programs, issue documentation for the program, and perform a number of other service functions.
4. SERVICE PROGRAMS
Service programs expand the capabilities of the OS. These are commonly referred to as utilities. Utilities (utilities) - present the user with aids to maintain the computer. They perform necessary checks software and hardware and provide the collected information in a convenient visual form. There are separate utilities used to solve one maintenance function and multifunctional utility suites. Nowadays, Norton Utilities (Semantec) is often used in DOS and Windows environments.
Drivers (drivers) are programs that complement operating systems to provide services to peripheral devices. Drivers are loaded into computer memory when the operating system is loaded or installed by controllers. For example, the ru.com keyboard driver switches from the Latin alphabet to Russian and vice versa.
Antivirus designed to protect data from destruction computer viruses and elimination of the consequences of infection. Among the anti-virus programs, the most popular are AIDSTEST, Dr.Web and Adinf, which are included in the set of Dialog-Nauka JSC (I. Danilov), AVP - Anti Viral Toolkit PRO (E. Kaspersky) and Norton AntiVirus(Semantec). Anti virus programs run on different sets of viruses, and there is no duplication of checks, therefore, for reliability, they are used together.
Archivers are used to create a smaller copy of files and combine a copy of multiple files into one archive file. They, through the use of special methods of information compression, create archive files... Among a large number well-known archiving programs are currently most often used by ARJ (Robert Jung), WinRar (Eugene Roshal), LH (Haruyasi Yoshizaki) and others. They differ from each other in the degree of information compression, speed and packing methods.
CONCLUSION
Thus, system software is a collection of software and language tools. System software is designed to control the operation of a computer, allocate its resources, maintain a dialogue with users, assist them in computer maintenance, as well as to partially automate the development of new programs.
V modern world it is no longer possible to imagine a work and home environment without a computer. Thanks to this machine, or rather the programs embedded in it, important processes interaction between humans and technology. The user takes a number of actions that allow him to solve the task at hand, for example, write text, draw a picture, create a table. Today, absolutely everything is computerized. It is impossible to imagine working in an office, school, or any other institution without a PC. Fortunately or unfortunately, communicating with a computer has become a part of life.
System programs control the processor, input, output, memory of a computer or laptop. They are intended for all users and are designed so that a PC can run them. Operating systems, which are also Windows programs, manage resources on the computer. There are utilities among the system ones. They are auxiliary, complement the capabilities of the computer OS and can independently solve certain problems.
What's this?
Windows system programs run various functions, service disks, check the performance of the computer and its devices. For example, drivers perform many critical user tasks. They are used to connect different devices... All system programs can be divided into three categories.
- Applications edit texts, images, process information.
- Instrumental create new programs.
- System ones perform a number of additional functions, for example, create copies of ready-made information, issue reference information, check the operability of all PC devices.
The computer software is the control center. It consists of specific programs: operating systems, service and programming.
Where can I download?
System programs for a computer can be easily downloaded for free on the Internet. The danger lies in the fact that system files on various sites may contain malicious, virus programs. Before downloading unknown files, make sure they are reliable and will not harm your computer.
Programs
System programs include: utilities for tracking operations performed on files and calls to the registry (RegMon, FileMon), programs for cleaning the registry (RegCleaner). Various programs are launched using Resplendid Resolver. Tracking data on running processes is controlled by Process Explorer. During system start Windows editing and the display is provided by Autoruns.
In addition, system programs create symbolic links, launch applications, and perform a number of other actions. For example, Avira System Speedup created for Windows platforms, is looking for obsolete, not used for a long time program files and removing them. The peculiarity is that it increases the speed of the operating system.
The famous antivirus program Avast Free Antivirus detects viruses on your computer's hard drive, downloads, memory and blocks them. The databases are updated regularly via the Internet. Avast has a clear and simple interface. System utilities CCleaner for Windows clean the junk in the computer OS, delete temporary and unused files.
How to install?
Installation of system programs requires certain skills and knowledge from the user. You can entrust this to specialists, or try to download and install the necessary complex yourself. Typically installed system drivers, operating system(Windows), utilities, plugins, system resuscitators, BIOS. To install popular program Windows 7, decide from what it will run: from a disk or flash drive. After starting the installation window will appear. Select what is suggested in the lines, click "Next" and "Install". Agree with license agreement, click Next. Select the "Full Installation" type.
It's turn to choose HDD... Its usual volume is 35 Gigabytes. Click "New" - "Apply" - "Next". Installation starts system files and the process of setting up the operating system. When finished, you can set a username and password, change the date, time and other parameters. If anyone is wondering how to reinstall a system program, uninstall it completely from your computer. Go to "Control Panel" - "Add or Remove Programs", restart your computer and start a new operation.
Operating system
What system programs are there? One of the most important is the operating system, which controls the computer and consists of a whole set of programs. She also plans the efficient use of PC resources, expands its hardware. The operating system independently allocates computer resources, manages, organizes the work and provides the computer with normal functioning in three modes: single-program, multi-program and multitasking.
The main purpose of the operating system is to provide normal work computer in any of the three modes. In addition, the system must dynamically allocate and manage resources in accordance with computing processes. Resources can be hardware and software. The former includes RAM, peripheral devices, a microprocessor, and the latter, any software that helps to manage data and processes. The operating system is the intermediary between the user and the computer. She analyzes requests and fulfills them.
Most computers today run the Windows operating system. For example, Windows 2000 Professional belongs to the new generation and is used to conduct business on the Internet. Its advantages are ease of use, reliability, economy and safety.
Service
These programs increase the capabilities of the operating system, ensure smooth operation of the PC, automation of development, and include a programming language, libraries and translators. Service programs are also called utilities. They are involved in the maintenance of the computer. The service providers check the hardware and software and provide the user with the collected data. There are multifunctional and separate sets of utilities for Windows. Service programs include drivers, archivers and antiviruses.
Drivers are an add-on to the operating system. They serve peripherals. They are loaded into the PC memory and installed by the controllers. One example is the keyboard driver.
Antiviruses protect computer data from viruses. They destroy the consequences of infections and prevent danger.
Archivers create copies of files, reduce them in size, combine them and place them in separate package... In this case, special data compression methods are used. One of the most popular archivers is WinRar.
Utilities
System programs include a set of utilities. Translated from Latin, utillitas means "benefit." They are really of great benefit to the computer. These are utilities that provide the user with Additional services... For example, using the disk defragmentation utility, its work is optimized, which has a positive effect on speed. The checker scans the correctness of the information on the disk, which is contained in the tables, and also searches for errors. The compaction utility creates and maintains compressed disks. The optimization program changes the location of the files so that you can get to them faster.
Windows 10
System programs for Windows 10 must be suitable for a specific operating system. The new OS has updated interface, including the Start menu. It can be customized, resized, managed, deleted unnecessary items, add the ones you want. Windows 10 has new center notification that appears on the right side of the desktop. In the center, you can find complete information about the operation of the OS, as well as learn about the problems that have arisen.
Virtual voice assistant, or the Cortana assistant, can help you plan important events, book hotel rooms and even keep up a conversation with the user. In addition, in Windows 10 appeared new browser, which will compete with many. Key features Microsoft Edge- high speed of work, data processing, convenient and beautiful interface. A new version supports hybrid PCs, it is possible to create multiple virtual desktops. V better side the email client has also changed. Now the user can format correspondence texts, use new tools, images and markers.
Peculiarities
System software programs enable the computer to perform a variety of tasks and run smoothly. Personal computers are devices that process data. They do not have any knowledge, but perform actions written in a programming language they understand. It is the utilities that perform all the tasks on the computer. Each user creates working space independently, by downloading certain programs. For example, an accountant on a computer will have computing programs, the designer has photo editors. What tasks it will perform depends on their variety and number on the PC. If you want to use your device effectively, you need to know what programs are available and how to work with them.
Functions
System programs solve the problem of communication between the user and the computer, increase the efficiency of the PC, provide comfortable work... The operating system includes additional functions: managing computer resources, providing a set of commands for user convenience, providing a clear interface. They share resources between user, organization, and processes. In addition, the programs execute protective function, guarantee the security of rights, reserve devices, data, monitor the stability of the OS.
Performance
The way the new Windows system programs work is a measure of performance. It is rated on a scale from 1.0 to 7.9 points. The evaluation is performed by the operating system, which provides the final data in the form of a table. The performance index is determined by the smallest indicator of the tested component.
This information can be used to improve the productivity of your computer. If you want to view the performance index on Windows 7, click on the "Computer" icon located on the desktop, right click mouse and select "Properties".
Deleting
Removing system programs is necessary if they are infected with viruses, are not used, or are filling up disk space. If you need to uninstall the Windows operating system due to installing two operating systems at the same time or reinstall it again, first decide which one you want to keep. For example, you have installed different versions- 7 and 8.
- During the uninstallation process, all programs on the computer must be closed.
- Go to desktop, press combination Win keys+ R, enter msconfig in an empty line and confirm the "Ok" command.
- In the window that appears, go to the "Download" tab, select the operating system that you are leaving, click "Use as default".
- Next, select the system you are going to get rid of and click "Remove".
- A small window will appear, select "Restart".
- After the computer restarts, the abandoned system will start working.
- Next, you will need to format the old files on the hard drive "C" in the partition where the second operating system was located. This radical method, which will delete all information stored there, including system programs for your computer. Be careful!
The correct functioning of your PC must be monitored at all times. It is worth considering the fact that software is gradually shaking the brains of the computer, in which a huge number of errors accumulate. System errors, in turn in best case slow down the speed of your PC. Therefore, to solve this problem, the most correct move would be to download a system program for Windows 7 to "fix bugs"
The most necessary and useful analytical programs for the normal functioning of your system.
Antivirus
It is the antivirus that should be the cornerstone of ensuring the safety of all your data. Today, you can download an antivirus for free on many different sites, but the most optimal solution among antiviruses is Avast Free Antivirus.
Archivers
The purpose of the archiver is to compress data, for their further compact storage, or sending via the Internet to an electronic medium. The most qualitative among archivers is positioned by the WinRAR program, which, in spite of the free base, has a fairly wide range of possibilities. Download free archiver for Windows 7 | | 8.1 | | Mac Os | Linux | Android | Windows Phone | Apple iOS (iPhone / iPad / iPod) in Russian is also available on our website. There are analogs with even greater capabilities, such as 7-Zip and WinZip, but they are paid archivers.
Data recovery software
Every user once faced the problem of accidental deletion precious files from HDD or flash media. But do not be upset over trifles. After all, all you need to do is download special program recovery deleted files and data from the hard drive.
Computer diagnostics
Today, computer diagnostics is an integral part of the process of servicing all components installed in the system. As a rule, such utilities can be easily found by searching in open spaces World wide web, and these utilities are distributed completely free, that is, free of charge. Considering the fact that today on the network you can find a huge number of all kinds of online utilities for diagnosing PCs, the question of downloading may not be raised.
File manager
File managers are a category of programs designed to manage all files located on a computer or on remote server... If you constantly work with files and actively move them from place to place, then you just need to install a file manager. Total Commander is the most versatile and functional file manager... Despite the fact that it belongs to the list paid programs, it can be used without activation by pressing a special button when starting the program.
Computer optimization programs
It is very important to know that it is from the optimization of a personal computer that the vital activity of the system and the speed of the computer itself depend. For correct work systems, together with programs for diagnosing a computer, so-called tweakers are used today. Tweakers are free utilities to optimize your personal computer. And remember, system optimization is very important!
Remote computer control
Control by specialists over the operation of a personal computer using a local network or using a remote desktop via the Internet is called remote computer control. In general, the goal remote control the computer stands in its constant presence working condition... Performance support is carried out through regular diagnostics of problems, timely elimination of viruses and simply in remote administration.
Codecs
To be able to view multi-format video materials, you need to download and install the K-Lite Codec Pack. Now the Internet is simply replete with a variety of formats such as "mkv", "mov" and many others. Considering the moment that Current Package it is absolutely free and it will not be difficult for you to find and download it. Moreover, the bundled codecs have attached wide range MediaPlayer Classic player settings and now you can watch your favorite movies in all formats.
System utilities
Last but not least, you should be reminded of great program, such as AIDA64 Extreme, which provides the user with almost all information about installed components on the personal computer... Among other things, it can be used to conduct tests for stability or performance. Conditionally this program is paid, because without activation a large number of available functions remains locked. However, remaining in free mode functions are quite enough to obtain the necessary data on their components.
