To process textual information on a computer, text editors are used. Text editors allow you to create, edit, format, save and print documents.
Notebook
StarOffice Writer
Adobe pagemaker
Microsoft Office Publisher
Microsoft FrontPage
Text editors are programs for creating, editing, formatting, saving and printing documents. A modern document may contain, in addition to text, other objects (tables, diagrams, pictures, etc.).
Editing - transformation, providing the addition, deletion, movement or correction of the content of the document. Editing of a document is usually done by adding, removing, or moving characters or pieces of text.
Formatting - This is the design of the text. In addition to text characters, formatted text contains special invisible codes that tell the program how to display it on the screen and print it on a printer: what font to use, what style and size of characters should be, how paragraphs and headings are formatted. Formatted and unformatted texts are somewhat different in nature. This distinction must be understood.
In formatted text, everything is important: the size of the letters, and their image, and where one line ends and another begins. That is, formatted text is inextricably linked with the parameters of the sheet of paper on which it is printed.
Paper and electronic documents. Documents can be paper or electronic. Paper documents are created and formatted for the best presentation when printed on a printer. Electronic documents are created and formatted for the best presentation on the monitor screen. The gradual replacement of paper document flow with electronic is one of the trends in the development of information technology. Reducing paper consumption is beneficial in conserving natural resources and reducing environmental pollution.
The formatting of paper and electronic documents can vary significantly. For paper documents, the so-called absolute formatting is adopted. A printed document is always formatted to fit a printed sheet of a known size (format). For example, the width of a line in a document depends on the width of the paper. If the document was prepared for printing on large-format sheets, then it cannot be printed on small sheets of paper - part of the document will not fit on them. In a word, formatting a printed document always requires a preliminary selection of a sheet of paper with subsequent binding to this sheet. For a printed document, you can always accurately name (in any unit of measurement) the sizes of fonts, margins, spacing between lines or paragraphs, etc.
For electronic documents, the so-called relative formatting is adopted. The author of the document cannot predict in advance on what computer, with what screen size the document will be viewed. Moreover, even if the sizes of the screens were known in advance, it is still impossible to predict what the size of the window in which the reader will see the document will be. Therefore, electronic documents are made to fit the current window size and formatted on the fly.
The author of an electronic document also does not know what fonts are available on the computer of the future reader, and therefore cannot rigidly specify in what font the text and headings should be displayed. But he can specify such formatting that on any computer headers will appear larger than the text.
Relative formatting is used to create electronic documents on the Internet (called Web pages), and absolute formatting is used to create printed documents in word processors.
Formatting paragraphs .
Paragraph from a literary point of view, it is a part of the text, which is a fragment of a work that is complete in meaning, the end of which serves as a natural pause for the transition to a new thought.
In computer documents, a paragraph is any text that ends with an end-of-paragraph control character. Entering the end of a paragraph is provided by pressing the [Enter] key ().
Formatting paragraphs allows you to prepare a properly and beautifully designed document.
In the process of formatting a paragraph, the parameters of its alignment are set (the alignment reflects the position of the text relative to the page margins), indents (the entire paragraph can have indents on the left and right) and spacing (the distance between the lines of the paragraph), the indentation of the red line, etc.
Formatting the font (characters).
Symbols - these are letters, numbers, spaces, punctuation marks, special characters. Symbols can be formatted (change their appearance). Among the main properties of symbols are the following: font, size, style and color.
Font Is a complete set of characters for a specific style. Each font has its own name, for example Times New Roman, Arial, Comic Sans MS. The font unit is a point (1 pt = 0.367 mm). The font sizes can be changed within a wide range. In addition to the normal (normal) style of characters, bold, italic, and bold italic are usually used.
Bitmap and vector fonts are distinguished by the way they are presented in a computer. Bitmap methods are used to represent bitmap fonts, font characters are groups of pixels. Bitmap fonts can only be scaled by specific ratios.
In vector fonts, symbols are described by mathematical formulas and their arbitrary scaling is possible. Among vector fonts, TrueType fonts are the most widely used.
You can also set additional parameters for formatting characters: underlining characters with different types of lines, changing the appearance of characters (superscript and subscript, strikethrough), changing the distance between characters.
If you plan to print a document in color, you can set different colors for different groups of characters.
The file format determines how text is stored in a file. The simplest text file format (TXT) contains only characters (numeric character codes), while other formats (DOC, RTF) contain additional control numeric codes that provide text formatting.
Let's take a look at some of the most common text file formats.
Text Only (TXT). The most versatile format. Saves text without formatting, inserting only paragraph control characters into the text. This format is used to store documents that must be read in applications running on various operating systems.
Rich Text Format (RTF) text. A universal format that retains all formatting. Converts control codes into commands that can be read and interpreted by many applications, as a result, the information volume of the file increases significantly.
Word Document (DOC). The original format of the currently used version of Word. Preserves formatting completely. Uses 16-bit character encoding, which requires the use of Unicode fonts.
Word document 2.0, Word 6.0 / 95 (DOC). Original formats of previous versions of Word editor. When converting from Word 97/2000 format, formatting is not completely preserved.
Works 4.0 for Windows (WPS). The original format of the integrated system Works 4.0. When converting from Word format, formatting is not completely preserved.
HTML document (HTM, HTML). Storage format for Web pages. Contains control codes (tags) of the hypertext markup language.
Lexicon format (LX). The original format of the Russian text editor Lexicon.
The choice of the required format of the text document or its transformation is performed during the process of saving the file.
1. What is a text editor?
2. What are the main functions of a text editor?
3. What is text editing?
4. What is text formatting?
5. What is the difference between TXT, RTF, DOC text file formats?
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In the discipline "Informatics"
On the topic "Modern technologies and processing tools
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Moscow - 2009
Table of contents
- Introduction
- 1. Text editors
- 2.1 Window composition
- 3.1 Create document
- 3.3 Save and print
- Conclusion
- Applications
Introduction
Despite the wide possibilities of using computers to process a wide variety of information, programs designed to work with text are still the most popular. When preparing text documents on a computer, three main groups of operations are used: input operations, editing operations, and document execution.
Programs designed to process textual information are called text editors. A text editor (processor) provides a very wide range of possibilities for manipulating text documents. The main functions of text editors and processors are: input and editing of text characters; the ability to use different character fonts; copying and transferring part of the text from one place to another; automatic page numbering; creating tables and building diagrams; spelling check of words and selection of synonyms; construction of tables of contents and subject indexes; printout of the finished text on a printer, etc.
Today, almost all powerful text editors are part of the integrated software packages designed for the needs of the modern office. For example, Microsoft Word is part of the most popular office suite Microsoft Office. The Microsoft Word program is designed to perform work on the creation of documents that include various elements that have a hierarchical organization with the provision of work at the level of individual components, the document as a whole, combining the information of several files in the form of a main document.
1. Text editors
1.1 Concept and general purpose
To process textual information on a computer, general-purpose applications are used - text editors.
Text editors are programs for creating, editing, formatting, saving and printing documents. A modern document may contain, in addition to text, other objects (tables, diagrams, pictures, etc.).
Simple text editors (such as Notepad) allow you to edit text and do basic font formatting.
More advanced text editors, which have a whole range of document creation capabilities (for example, search and replace characters, spell checkers, insert tables, etc.), are sometimes called word processors. An example of such a program is Word from the Microsoft Office suite.
Powerful word processing programs - desktop publishing systems - are designed to prepare documents for publication. An example of such a system is Adobe PageMaker.
Editing text is the whole range of operations for internal and external work on the text. Each text can be "cut", i.e. cut pieces out of it, "glue" them, insert parts from other texts into the working material, change their places, etc. You can change the position of text on the page, the format of lines and paragraphs, insert illustrations (pictures, graphs, diagrams, etc.) into the text. ).
1.2 Types of text editors
Modern word processors provide the user with ample opportunities for preparing documents.
The most famous text editors can be roughly divided into 3 groups:
1. general-purpose processors ("Lexicon", Microsoft Word, Word Perfect, etc.)
2.editors of scientific papers (ChiWriter, TeX, etc.)
3.Editors of source codes of programs (Multi-Edit, built-in editors of programming systems BASIC, Pascal, etc.)
Let's take a closer look at several general processors. WordPad is not particularly powerful. You will not find any excesses inherent in, for example, Microsoft Word. It also does not have any special formatting capabilities: it does not support such a simple function as aligning text on both edges, but it copes quite successfully with writing a letter, an abstract and other tasks. This editor has several control elements: a text menu, a button operation bar, a formatting bar and a control bar (Appendix 1).
With WordPad you can: work with fonts; save texts, both in your own format and in other formats; insert pictures of formats into the text.
Notepad - a word processor allows you to create simple files without formatting (Appendix 2).
Most often, notepad is used to check, and in some cases write, HTML code for web pages. This is due to the fact that notepad writes only pure character code without formatting to its file, which is very convenient for programmers.
And sometimes it's viewing. dll ,. inf ,. cfg and. bat files, which are small in size but important in content.
Microsoft Word is the foundation of any office and the most needed and popular program in the whole Microsoft Office. With the help of Word, you can not only type text, but also arrange it to your liking: include tables and graphs, pictures, and even sounds and video images.
2. Text editor Microsoft Word
2.1 Window composition
Word (often MS Word, WinWord or simply Word) is a text editor released by Microsoft as part of the Microsoft Office package. The first version was written by Richard Brodie in 1983.
Word is one of the most advanced programs in the class of word processors, which provides hundreds of operations on text and graphic information. You can place text, pictures, tables, charts and graphs in a Word document, and automatically correct spelling and grammatical errors in the text.
After starting Word, a new document named Document 1 opens, which is located in the central part of the Main window and is the work area. Here you can type and correct the desired text.
The Microsoft Word window consists of the following elements:
title bar, menu bar, toolbars, measuring rulers, scroll bars, text box, status bar (Appendix 3).
The title bar displays the name of the active document.
The menu bar contains the following items: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Service, Table, Window, Help.
The File menu contains commands that you can use to create, open, or save documents. Using the Edit menu, you can edit the document. The View menu allows you to select the form of presentation of the document on the screen and control the indications of the elements of the main window of Word. The Insert menu allows you to insert various objects into the text: footnotes, notes, forced page breaks, pictures, graphics, etc. You can use the Format menu to format the text. The Tools menu contains commands for checking spelling and correcting typos in a document. The Table menu contains all the commands you need to work with tables. Using the Window menu, you can switch from working on one document to working with another and change the arrangement of document windows in the main Word window. The Help menu contains everything you need to get help with Word.
The horizontal control ruler is used to set tab stops and indents in selected paragraphs, as well as to adjust the width of columns in newspaper-type documents. By moving the mouse, the lower triangles on the ruler, you can set the right and left paragraph indentation. Likewise, using the upper triangle, you can set the "red line".
To the right and bottom of the document, there are vertical and horizontal text scroll bars. They are used in cases where all the text does not fit on the screen and requires scrolling up - down or left - right.
At the bottom of the main window of Word there is a status bar, which displays information about the position of the text cursor in the document and about the current mode of operation.
Word is a multi-window processor. This means that you can open several documents at the same time, some of them can be ready-made files, and some of them are blanks (without a name, but with the designations Document1, Document2, etc.)
2.2 Features of Microsoft Word
The features of Word include:
1.creation of tables;
2. development of forms and macros;
3. copying objects;
4. work with large documents, etc.
The main functions of Word for working with a text document:
· Typing
Correction of typed text
Cutting out pieces of text, memorizing them
Finding the necessary words or sentences in the text
Replacing words one with another partially or completely
· Text formatting
Automatic pagination
Select part of the text F, TO, H font.
Tabulation of lines
The ability to see the text on the screen in finished form
· Wide range of fonts.
· Ability to insert formulas, tables, figures into the text.
· Automatic search and correction of grammatical errors, etc.
Not only spelling is checked, but also declension, conjugation, and punctuation. The specified word is compared with its spelling in the dictionary and in case of any inconsistencies it is displayed on the screen for editing. In this case, the user is offered a choice: to make a correction; ignore the error; add the given word to the auxiliary dictionary.
3. Working with information in Microsoft Word
3.1 Create document
The easiest way to create a new document is to use templates. Templates are standard templates for documents of a certain type that are used to facilitate the preparation of documents. Templates allow you to create and store universal forms of documents of various types: letters, memos, powers of attorney, payment orders. Starting to compose a certain document, first the template of this type of documents is called, and only then it is filled in. At the same time, drawing up a document comes down to filling out certain fields with text. Once made on the basis of standards, a template can be reused in the future to create documents of a certain type.
In order to edit an existing document, you must first open it. Once the document is open, it can be edited, printed, or simply read.
The most commonly used operations in a word processor are copying, moving, and deleting pieces of text. The technology for performing these operations includes several stages: selection of a part of the text; transferring the selected fragment to the intermediate storage buffer; moving the cursor to the desired place in the document; copy the selection from the clipboard to the location in the document indicated by the cursor.
Also in Word it is possible to delete a character, word, line, piece of text by first selecting the corresponding element of the text, and then using either keys
For the convenience of work, there is still a rollback operation. To implement this operation, the word processor records a sequence of actions to change the text in the form of sequential steps. With a special rollback command, the user can return the document to the state that was several steps ago. The depth of possible rollback depends on the power of the computer used and other reasons.
3.2 Editing and formatting
Editing is a transformation that adds, deletes, moves or corrects the content of a document. Editing of a document is usually done by adding, removing, or moving characters or pieces of text. AND Formatting is a transformation that changes the presentation of a document. Any document consists of pages, therefore, at the beginning of work on a document, it is necessary to set the values of the page parameters: format, orientation, margins, etc. The A4 page format (21x29.7 cm) is standard. There are two possible page orientations - portrait and landscape. For ordinary texts, portrait orientation is more often used, and landscape orientation for tables with a large number of columns (Appendix 4).
3.3 Save and print
The save operation writes the edited document in RAM to disk for permanent storage. The type of the saved document is usually assigned automatically by the word processor. In a word processor, Word assigns the document a type. DOC (Appendix 5).
An important factor in protecting the generated documents is the autosave function, which can be performed as a normal save operation or as a special operation to save the current state of the word processor in a special file. In the latter case, upon an abnormal termination, this state can be restored, including the contents of all windows, the position of cursors in windows, etc.
Document printout - creates a hard (paper) copy of a document. To print a finished text document, go to the File menu and press the Print command. After setting the required parameters, confirm and click OK (Appendix 6).
Conclusion
Recently, computer technology has been advancing very intensively, and this contributes to the rapid development of software. Every six months, products are released with many innovations. Likewise, text editors do not stand still. Each time, more and more functions are included in these programs. But their development is set in such a way that with each new version the program retains the previous set of features and the user can use both old and new functions, the latter were introduced only to facilitate work with the program.
Today, Word is one of the most advanced programs in the class of word processors, which provides for hundreds of operations on text and graphic information. Using Word, you can quickly and with high quality prepare any document - from a simple note to the layout of a complex publication.
List of used literature
1 ... Ostreykovsky V.A., Informatics, M .: Higher school, 2001-319s.
2 ... Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, Microsoft Word // Russia 09/27/2008 - http: // ru. wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word
3 ... Simonovich S.V., Computer Science: Basic Course, 1st ed., St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003-640s.
4 . Stepanov A.N., Informatics: Textbook for universities, 5th ed., St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007-768s.
5 . Makarova N.V., Informatics and ICT: Textbook, initial level., St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008-160s.
Applications
Appendix 1. WordPad
Appendix 2.
Appendix 3. Elements of the Word window
Appendix 4. Page parameters
Appendix 5. Saving the document
Appendix 6. Printing the finished document
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receives by means of: 1) special devices; 2) organs of touch; 3) hearing organs; 4) thermometer. 3. An example of textual information is: 1) multiplication table on the cover of a school notebook; 2) illustration in the book; 3) the rule in the native language textbook; 4) photography; 4. Translation of a text from English into Russian can be called: 1) the process of storing information; 2) the process of obtaining information; 3) the process of protecting information; 4) the process of information processing. 5. Exchange of information is: 1) doing homework; 2) watching a TV program; 3) observation of the behavior of fish in the aquarium; 4) talking on the phone. 6. The number system is: 1) a sign system in which numbers are written according to certain rules using symbols (numbers) of a certain alphabet; 2) an arbitrary sequence of numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; 3) the sequence of digits 0, 1 is infinite; 4) a set of natural numbers and signs of arithmetic operations. 7. The binary number 100012 corresponds to the decimal number: 1) 1110 2) 1710 3) 25610 4) 100110 8. The number 2410 corresponds to the number: 1) 1816 2) BF16 3) 2016 4) 1011016 9. The unit of information is taken as: 1) 1 byte; 2) 1 bit; 3) 1 baud; 4) 1 cm. 10. Which of the devices is intended for information input: 1) processor; 2) printer; 3) keyboard; 4) monitor. 11. Computer viruses: 1) arise in connection with failures in the hardware of the computer; 2) are of biological origin; 3) are created by people specifically to damage the PC; 4) are the result of errors in the operating system. 12. An algorithm is: 1) the rules for performing certain actions; 2) a set of commands for the computer; 3) a protocol for a computer network; 4) a description of the sequence of actions, the strict execution of which leads to the solution of the problem in a finite number of steps. 13. The property of the algorithm, which consists in the absence of errors, the algorithm must lead to the correct result for all admissible input values, is called: 1) efficiency; 2) mass character; 3) discreteness; 4) limb. 14. The property of an algorithm that the same algorithm can be used with different input data is called: 1) efficiency; 2) mass character; 3) limb; 4) determinism. 15. Text editor - a program designed for: 1) creating, editing and formatting text information; 2) working with images in the process of creating game programs; 3) management of PC resources when creating documents; 4) automatic translation from symbolic languages into machine codes. 16. The main functions of a text editor include: 1) copying, moving, destroying and sorting text fragments; 2) creation, editing, saving and printing of texts; 3) strict adherence to spelling; 4) automatic processing of information presented in text files. 17. A cursor is: 1) a text input device; 2) a key on the keyboard; 3) the smallest display element on the screen; 4) a mark on the monitor screen indicating the position at which the text entered from the keyboard will be displayed. 18. Text formatting is: 1) the process of making changes to the existing text; 2) the procedure for storing text on disk as a text file; 3) the process of transferring textual information over a computer network; 4) a procedure for reading a previously created text from an external storage device. 19. The text typed in a text editor is stored on an external storage device: 1) in the form of a file; 2) encoding tables; 3) catalog; 4) directories. 20. One of the main functions of the graphic editor is: 1) image input; 2) storage of the image code; 3) creating images; 4) viewing the output of the contents of the video memory. 21. The elementary object used in the raster graphics editor is: 1) screen point (pixel); 2) rectangle; 3) circle; 4) a palette of colors. 22. A spreadsheet is: 1) an application program designed to process data structured in the form of a table; 2) an application program for image processing; 3) a PC device that manages its resources in the process of processing data in tabular form; 4) a system program that manages PC resources when processing tables. 23. A spreadsheet is: 1) a set of numbered lines and columns named by letters of the Latin alphabet; 2) a set of rows and columns named by letters of the Latin alphabet; 3) a set of numbered rows and columns; 4) a set of rows and columns, named by the user in an arbitrary way. 24. Select the correct formula entry for the spreadsheet: 1) C3 + 4 * E 2) C3 = C1 + 2 * C2 3) A5B5 + 23 4) = A2 * A3-A4
Storing, processing and transmitting texts is an area in which computers are used very widely and for a long time.
Computer typing and editing have become the primary means of preparing texts for writers, journalists and students. Working with text using a computer is much more convenient than writing by hand or typing on a typewriter - if only because it is much easier to make any changes to the finished text.
Electronic copying of texts - both on computer media and transmission over computer networks - has become a powerful engine of freedom of speech throughout the world. Any opinion, any message, presentation of any idea has now become possible to disseminate quite quickly and widely, and this does not require an expensive and cumbersome typography.
Text Document Is an information block containing text as basic information. But a text document does not always contain only text. It may contain additional information such as tables of contents, links, headings, different types of fonts, as well as graphics, tables, etc.
The main text input tool is the keyboard. There are text recognition systems that allow you to translate text printed on paper into electronic form, as well as voice input systems, which should ensure understanding of any dictation (however, at the moment, this is a very difficult technical task).
Entering text into a computer and changing it is called editing, and programs that allow you to enter and change text are called text editors. Any test editor allows you to: enter text from the computer keyboard; change already entered text (for example, correct typos, enter new words or phrases, delete existing ones, etc.); save text in a file, as well as read previously saved text.
Programs that allow you to work not only with text, but also with additional information, are called word processors. They allow you to see the document as it will be printed. This display of the document is calledWYSIWYG(from the English " What You See Is What You Get"-" you get what you see ").
As a rule, word processors are included in the so-called office suites (packages) of software. Having learned the principles of working with any one word processor, we can work with any other.
There are several well-known suites of office programs. Most common Microsoft Office ... It includes the most famous programs - word processor Microsoft Word (Figure 40), a table processor - Microsoft Excel and others. Office suite created by the company Microsoft ... It is the largest American software company, it owns, in particular, the operating system Windows.
Figure 40 - Interface with Microsoft Word 2007
However, several problems arise here: the main ones are the price and dependence on a foreign manufacturer. Legal use Microsoft Office is very expensive. Cheap CDs are illegal and illegal to distribute. The package lacks these shortcomings. OpenOffice. org ... It is free, which means that it can be legally copied and even sold, as well as studied and refined. So, the Russian version was prepared by the Russian team. There are versions OpenOffice. org for all modern operating systems, not just for Windows ... It can be used under control Linux or another free operating system and on computers iMac. Into the OpenOffice package. org word processor included OpenOffice. org Writer.
Let's consider and compare the main features of word processorsMicrosoft Word 2007 and Openoffice. org Writer 3.0 .
Word processors allow you to insert pictures, formulas, sound and video files, spreadsheet files, presentations, and other objects. This feature is based on the technology of "embedding and linking objects" ( OLE- Object Linking and Embedding), which allows you to create complex documents from different types of data, ensure the joint work of several applications in the preparation of one document, copy and transfer objects between applications.
A word processor is a multifunctional word processing program (with elements of desktop publishing capabilities).
Let's briefly describe interface window processor OpenOffice. org Writer . The pictographic menu is a line of icons that duplicate frequently used operations, which are also available in the main menu. Coordinate rulers are located above the window and to the left of the document. Using the coordinate ruler, which is located above the window, you can change the paragraph indents, the length of the set line and the width of the columns. The status bar is at the bottom edge of the window OpenOffice. org Writer ... In the process of data entry, it displays information about the position of the input cursor, etc. On the monitor screen, text can be displayed in different scales and in different forms, the "View" menu is responsible for this. In general, the interface window OpenOffice. org Writer can be compared to a window Word 2003.
The main replacement for menus and toolbars in Word 2007 serves as "tape". It is designed to make commands easier to access and consists of tabs associated with specific goals or objects. Each tab, in turn, consists of several groups of interconnected controls. Compared to menus and toolbars, the Ribbon can hold significantly more content — buttons, collections, dialog box items, and so on.
In addition to the standard set of tabs that are displayed on the "Ribbon", there are two more types of tabs that are displayed in the interface depending on the task being performed. Contextual tools let you work with an element that is highlighted on the page, such as a table, image, or graphic. When you click on such an item, the associated set of contextual tabs, highlighted in color, will appear next to the standard tabs. Tabs applications replace the standard set of tabs when switching to specific views or content presentation modes, such as Preview.
Along with tabs, groups and commands, in Word 2007 applies menus and toolbars familiar to users from previous versions Word. For example, the button “ Microsoft Office "Located in the upper left corner of the application Word serves to call the menu for working with files (commands "New", "Open", "Save", etc.) and a menu that allows you to set various parameters of the word processor ... Quick Access Toolbar by default located in the upper left part of the application window Word and is designed for quick access to the most frequently used functions. You can customize the Quick Access Toolbar by adding new commands to it. Dialog box buttons Are small icons that may appear in some groups. By clicking such a button, a corresponding dialog box or task pane opens, containing additional parameters related to this group.
Editing text in a word processor is to delete, add, copy and move fragments of text, as well as check spelling using keyboard keys or the icon menu. There are two types of copying and moving sections of text: manual technique and using the clipboard. Clipboard Is a piece of RAM that temporarily holds cut or copied text or graphics. Copy or move sections of text inWordare performed using the menu commands: "Home / Cut" or "Home / Copy" and the command "Home / Paste". Copy or move sections of text inOpenoffice. org Writerare performed using the menu commands: "Edit / Cut" or "Edit / Copy" and the command "Edit / Paste".
Text formatting contains the ability to select the following parameters: font, paragraph, fill, lists, frames, style, etc. The font parameters, in turn, include: typeface (picture), style, size (point size). Each typeface has its own name, for example, Arial, Times New Roman, Tahoma. Fonts can be straight and slanted. Italic fonts are often referred to as italics. Vertical font size is measured in “points,” one point equal to 1/72 of an inch — approximately 0.353 mm. The 10 point font - called the tenth point - is often used in books. A typewriter typed the text in fourteenth point, and this font size is often used today in the preparation of various documents.
Text formatting v Openoffice. org Writeris performed using the "Format / Symbols / Font" menu, and inWordusing the "Home / Font" menu.
The text can be located in several columns... Format / Columns menu inOpenoffice. org Writercalls a dialog box in which you can select the number of columns, width and spacing for each, set them the same in width, or set the width of each. The "Apply" button will allow you to style not the entire text, but only the selected part. Page Layout / Columns menu onWordallows you to do the same.
The word processor allows split a document into two or more sections if you want to set different page formatting options (margins, paper size, page orientation - portrait or landscape) for different sections. For this inOpenoffice. org Writerthe command "Insert / Section" is used before and after the formatted section, and inWord team Insert / Break Page. By default, formatting is applied to the entire document.
ParagraphIs a piece of text between two pressings of the Enter key. The paragraph has several customization options. Its formatting makes it possible to set the paragraph indentation - otherwise it is also called the "red line", indents to the right and left, spacing before and after a paragraph, and line spacing. When formatting a paragraph, it is not necessary to select it in advance, it is enough that the cursor is at any point in the paragraph. Formatting a paragraph vOpenoffice. org Writeris performed using the "Format / Paragraph" menu, and inWordusing the menu "Home / Paragraph".
Styledesign is a named set of design parameters settings (font, paragraph). If you need to design a paragraph, most often use a ready-made style or the "Format / Styles" menu inOpenoffice. org Writeror by the menu command "Home / Styles" inWord.
The word processor is equipped with formula editor MS Equation, which allows you to create formula expressions and insert them into the text when you select the menu item "Insert / Formula". VOpenoffice. org Writerthis allows you to do the command "Insert / Object / Formula".
To work with tables the "Table" menu is used inOpenoffice. org Writerand the Insert / Table menu in Word. When working with a table, you can change its parameters (height and width of cells), add and remove columns, rows and cells, as well as edit the contents of each cell in the table, which may contain text, number, formula or picture.
Openoffice. org Writerallows you to create own drawings using the "Draw" toolbar ("Insert / Toolbars / Draw"), Word using the "Insert / Shapes / New Canvas" command.
In addition to your own drawings, word processors allow you to embed ready-made images into documents using the "Insert / File" command inOpenoffice. org Writer and the "Insert / Picture" menu item in Word.
In a voluminous document using a word processor, it is convenient to create table of contents. This tool allows you to quickly move through the text by selecting one of the items on the first page of the document. To do this, select the "Insert / Table of Contents and Index" menu inOpenoffice. org Writer... Use the Format / Styles / Styles and Formatting menu to create a heading style for the table of contents. To update the table of contents in the context menu, use the "Update field / Update whole" command. Word uses the "References / Table of Contents" commands.
For preservation of a document created in a word processor, press the button with the image of a floppy disk on the icon menu bar or use the File / Save menu. The "File / Save As" command allows you to save a file under a new name in Word, and the " Office/Save" or "Office/Save" and "Office/Save as" vOpenoffice. org Writer.
Authors and Developers word processing software do not stand still, periodically creating new improved versions of their products. In particular, the version is already available to users. Microsoft Office Word 2010, which has an interface in the form of a "ribbon", but added commands for processing images and improving text effects (for example, glow, reflection, shadows).
There are other text editors as well, for example: StarWriter, Bred, Crypt Edit, KeyNote, Squall Pro, TextViewer, WinVi ... They, as a rule, take up less disk space and are often distributed free of charge, but they have a smaller set of functions (for example, for editing images), but their capabilities are quite sufficient for typing and editing small text data.
A text editor is a simple word processing program. The text editor is handy for creating small messages and texts. Text consists of letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and special characters that you can enter using your computer keyboard. Photos, drawings, pictures, diagrams and tables cannot be processed by a text editor.
MS-DOS Editor is the simplest text editor included in all versions of MS-DOS starting from 5.0. The keyboard is used as an input and control device. MS-DOS Editor is a DOS application and only processes "canonical" format text files. However, the program's interface and editing techniques (including working with the clipboard) are mostly in accordance with the Windows standard. Therefore, you can consider this editor as a toy Windows application, after working with which, it is easy to move on to the powerful MS Word processor. You can specify the name of an existing or newly created text file as a command line argument. To finish working with the editor, you must select the command (File-Exit).
The Word Pad editor that comes with Windows isn't particularly powerful. You will not find any excesses inherent in, for example, Microsoft Word. It also does not have any special formatting capabilities: Word Pad does not even support such a simple function as aligning text to both edges.
But with most of the daily tasks - writing a letter, a student's essay, making a greeting card - Word Pad copes quite successfully.
With the help of Word Pad you can: work with fonts, use a variety of styles and colors of fonts; save texts, both in your own format and in other popular formats (including Microsoft Word); insert pictures of various formats into the text.
The Word Pad has several controls: the Text Menu at the top of the window, then the action button bar, even lower is the formatting bar, and below, just above the typing window, is the Control Ruler.
Notepad - a word processor allows you to create simple files without formatting, in addition, viewing and most changes in system configuration files can be done using notepads. Like all programs, Notepad has its drawbacks.
Most often, notepad is used to check, and in some cases write, HTML code for web pages. This is due to the fact that notepad writes only pure character code without formatting to its file, which is very convenient for programmers. And sometimes it is viewing ..dll, .inf, .cfg and .bat files, which are small in size, but important in content.
Microsoft Word is the foundation of any office and, perhaps, the most needed and popular program in the whole Microsoft Office. This program is installed on almost every PC and has become the de facto standard in word processing. Using Word as an example, it is very convenient to study the interface of all other Microsoft Office programs.
The scope of Word is very wide. With the help of Word, you can not only type text, but also arrange it to your liking: include tables and graphs, pictures, and even sounds and video images. Word will help you compose a simple letter and a complex volumetric document, a bright greeting card or ad unit. We can say that Word is applicable almost everywhere where you need to work with text. In addition, the latest versions of Word added very advanced tools for working with hypertext documents and documents intended for publication on the Internet.
A word processor is a more powerful word processing program. In a word processor, you can write letters, stories, poems, reports, books, etc.
Any text created using a text editor, as well as non-textual materials (graphics, sound fragments) included in it, are called a document. The document can be an article, report, invitation, etc. When working on a network, parts of the same document can be stored on different computers located far from each other.
Hypertext is a way of organizing a document so that you can quickly find the information you need. It is often used in the construction of online help systems and computer versions of large reference books and encyclopedias. The main objects of a text document are: symbol, word, line, paragraph, page, fragment.
Word is an arbitrary sequence of characters (letters, numbers), limited on both sides by service characters (space, comma, brackets).
A paragraph is an arbitrary sequence of characters, ending with a special end-of-paragraph character. Empty paragraphs are allowed.
A fragment is a number of adjacent symbols that can be considered as a whole. A fragment can be a single word, line, paragraph, page, or even all of the text you enter.
Typing (entering) text, as a rule, is carried out using the keyboard. The role of paper is played by the computer screen. The place for entering the next character of the text is indicated on the screen using a blinking rectangle - the cursor.
When typing on a computer, a person does not follow the end of a line: as soon as it is reached, the cursor automatically jumps to the beginning of the next line. In order to go to the entry of a new paragraph, press the key
Editing is the next step in preparing a document on a computer. When editing a text, we review it to make sure everything is correct, correct any errors found and make the necessary corrections.
Program text editors are designed to edit programs in a particular programming language. They are often built into a programming system in some programming language.
Text editors, and are designed for program texts, and perform the following functions:
interactive text viewing;
editing program lines;
copying and transferring blocks of text from one place to another;
copying one program or part of it to a specified location in another program;
contextual search and replacement of text substrings;
automatic search for a string containing an error;
printout of the program or its necessary part;
Document editors are programs for processing documents, focused on working with texts that have a document structure, i.e., consisting of sections, pages, paragraphs, sentences, words. Consequently, editors for document processing provide functions focused on the structure of the document, namely:
the ability to use different character fonts;
setting arbitrary line spacing;
automatic word wrapping to the next line;
automatic page numbering;
processing and numbering of lines;
printing page headers and footers (headers and footers);
alignment of the edges of the paragraph;
typing in multiple columns;
creating tables and building diagrams;
spell checking and selection of characters;
There are a large number of text editors, from simple to complex. Among the most common editors in the world, Microsoft Word, Word Perfect, WordStar stand out. LEXICON was distributed among simple text editors in Russia at a certain period of time.
Saving documents
In the process of saving documents, it is necessary, first of all, in the hierarchical file system of the computer to select the disk and the folder in which the document file is to be saved.
Text editors allow you to save documents in external memory and read them from external memory to RAM.
In addition, you must select a file format that determines how text is stored in the file.
Universal formats:
TXT format ( text only, extension in txt file name) is the most versatile text format.
Files saved in this format can be read by applications running on various operating systems. The advantage of this format is the small information volume of the files, but the disadvantage is that the results of text formatting are not saved.
RTF format ( extended text format, extension in file name rtf) is also a universal text file format in which formatting results are saved. The disadvantage of this format is the large information volume of the files.
DOC format ( Word document, extension in the doc file name) is the original Microsoft Word text editor format. Formatting results are fully preserved in this format. This format is actually universal, as it is understood by almost all text editors.
The Web page format (extension in the file name htm or html) is used to store Web pages in computer networks, since files in this format have a small information volume, and at the same time the formatting results are saved.
Modern text editors are "able" to automatically paginate and number pages. They "monitor" the size of the margins and adjust the spacing between lines, offer a choice of font options.
Document formatting
Formatting is used to make the content of the document more understandable and expressive. Symbols 4 are the main objects that make up a text document, therefore, first of all, it is necessary to correctly set the basic parameters that determine their appearance: font, size, style, color.
A font is a complete set of letters of the alphabet with a common style. The picture style is called a typeface.
Each font has its own name, for example Times New Roman, Arial, etc.
Font style is an additional means of emphasizing a font on a print, for example, underline, italic, bold.
Bitmap and vector fonts are distinguished by the way they are presented in a computer. In addition to the usual style of characters, bold can be used , italic and bold italic styles.
Font size - the unit of measurement for the font size is a point (1pt = 0, 367) mm. Font sizes can be changed over a wide range (usually from 1 to 1638 points), with most editors using the default 10 pt font.
The color of the symbols. If you plan to print a document in many colors, you can set different colors for different groups of characters, selected from the palette offered by the text editor.
Formatting a paragraph
The paragraph highlights its part in the text, which represents a complete fragment of the document, the end of which serves as a natural pause for the transition to a new thought. In computer text documents, a paragraph ends with an end-of-paragraph character. The end of a paragraph is entered by pressing the Enter key.
A paragraph can consist of any set of symbols, pictures, and objects from other applications. Formatting paragraphs allows you to prepare a properly and beautifully designed document.
Alignment of paragraphs. Alignment reflects the position of the text relative to the page margins. There are four most commonly used paragraph alignment methods: Left, Center, Left, and Width.
First line indent (red line). Most often, a paragraph begins with a first line indent. The indentation can be of various types: positive, negative and zero.
Positive indentation - the first line of a paragraph begins to the right of all other lines of the paragraph, used in normal text.
Negative indentation - the first line comes out to the left of the rest of the lines, used in dictionaries and definitions.
Zero - Applies to centered paragraphs and regular text.
Indents and spacing.
The entire paragraph can be indented left and on right, which are measured from the borders of the page margins. The line spacing can be changed by setting different line spacing values.
Numbered and bulleted lists
Lists are a convenient option for formatting paragraphs according to a single template and are used to place various lists in a document.
Automatic creation of bulleted and numbered lists can be performed using the List ... command on the Format menu, by selecting the required tab (Bulleted, Numbered, Multilevel) in the List dialog box that opens, as well as the required type of bullet or type of list numbering. The same can be done directly with the corresponding buttons (Numbered list, Bulleted list).
Numbered lists - list items are sequentially designated using numbers (Arabic or Roman) and letters of the Latin or Russian alphabets.
Bulleted lists - list items are indicated using bullets (special characters).
Multilevel lists - can be used to display hierarchical lists. In multilevel lists, lower-level lists (nested lists) are inserted into higher-level list items
Formatting styles
For each paragraph, you can set your own formatting options for the paragraph, characters, lists. With this approach, changing the formatting parameters for each paragraph must be done separately and manually.
However, when creating multi-page documents, it’s more convenient to use formatting styles. Each formatting style is assigned a name and all the necessary formatting options for the font, paragraph, or list are set. If you set the options for a formatting style and then apply it to a selection in the document, then all paragraphs in the selection will automatically receive the formatting options specified by that style. If you need to change the paragraph formatting options, all you need to do is change the style's formatting options.
In the process of creating a document, headers are created in it. Different formatting styles are used for headings to differ in appearance from each other, as well as from the body text.
After creating a large document, it is advisable to insert a table of contents into the document, which will allow you to better navigate the content of the document. A table of contents is a list of headings contained in a document, with an indication of the pages.
Tables are used when creating text documents containing a large number of the same type of names, numerical data or images with a text signature.
Rows, columns, cells.
Tables are made up of rows and columns, at the intersection of which cells are formed. Table cells can contain data of various types.
The easiest way is to draw a table.
1- Enter the menu table and select item Draw table... After that, the cursor takes the form of a pencil, with which the table is drawn in the text.
You can create a table in Word text in another way: go to the menu table and select item Create table, specify the exact number of the required number of columns and rows, and then click OK.
2- The borders of the table expand automatically as the cells are filled with text. But the size of any element of the table can always be changed manually by hooking it with the mouse and stretching its borders.
3- Using the item, Sorting menu table, you can arrange the rows of the table in the desired order.
4- Calling the Context menu of the table, allows you to delete and add columns and rows. Using item AutoFormat menu table you can give your table a more sophisticated look by using the Word Table Forms Library.
Of course, Word cannot be called an editor ideally suited for working with tables. To work with tables with advanced features, another Microsoft Office component is recommended - the Excel spreadsheet editor. Moreover, Word and Excel can work closely together. You can insert Word text into an Excel table, and vice versa, a table made in Excel can be easily inserted into Word text.
Inserting an Excel document into the text is carried out through the button Insert Excel Table on the Operations Panel of Microsoft Word.
