Priority directions of the development of science in the Russian Federation. The concept of "critical technology", "production technology"

• 1. Basic and critical military and industrial technologies for the creation of advanced types of weapons, military and special equipment.
• 2. Basic technologies of power electrical engineering.
• 3. Biocatalytic, biosynthetic and biosensor technologies.
• 4. Biomedical and veterinary technologies.
• 5. Genomic, proteomic and post-genomic technologies.
• 6. Cellular technologies.
• 7. Computer modeling of nanomaterials, nanodevices and nanotechnologies.
• 8. Nano-, bio-, informational, cognitive technologies.
• 9. Technologies of nuclear energy, nuclear fuel cycle, safe management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel.
• 10. Bioengineering technologies.
• 11. Technologies for diagnostics of nanomaterials and nanodevices.
• 12. Technologies for access to broadband multimedia services.
• 13. Technologies of information, control, navigation systems.
• 14. Technologies of nanodevices and microsystem equipment.
• 15. Technologies of new and renewable energy sources, including hydrogen energy.
• 16. Technologies for obtaining and processing structural nanomaterials.
• 17. Technologies for obtaining and processing functional nanomaterials.
• 18. Technologies and software for distributed and high-performance computing systems.
• 19. Technologies for monitoring and predicting the state of the environment, preventing and eliminating its pollution.
• 20. Technologies for prospecting, exploration, development of mineral deposits and their extraction.
• 21. Technologies for the prevention and elimination of natural and man-made emergencies.
• 22. Technologies for reducing losses from socially significant diseases.
• 23. Technologies for creating high-speed vehicles and intelligent control systems for new types of transport.
• 24. Technologies for creating a new generation of rocket-space and transport equipment.
• 25. Technologies for creating an electronic component base and energy-efficient lighting devices.
• 26. Technologies for creating energy-saving systems for transportation, distribution and use of energy.
• 27. Technologies for energy efficient production and conversion of energy using fossil fuels.

The basis for this list was the priority directions of the development of science, technology and technology in the Russian Federation:

• 1. Security and counter terrorism.
• 2. Industry of nanosystems.
• 3. Information and telecommunication systems.
• 4. Life sciences.
• 5. Advanced types of weapons, military and special equipment.
• 6. Rational use of natural resources.
• 7. Transport and space systems.
• 8. Energy efficiency, energy saving, nuclear energy.

To assess the state and trends of innovation and its impact on the economic support of the national economic security of the country, it is proposed to use indicators that, in our opinion, comprehensively reflect the current state of affairs and the dynamics of development in this area (Table 3.1). The indicators are divided into two groups. The first group - indicators of potential, which characterize the existing potential and prerequisites for the implementation of scientific, technical and innovative activities. The second group - indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the implementation of the existing potential.

The problem of macro-innovation security includes the problem of choosing and adjusting state scientific and technical priorities.

The mechanism for the formation of state scientific and technical priorities in various countries has significant features associated primarily with their economic and political situation in the world, the specifics of socio-economic development and the goals set at this time stage, the prevailing internal traditions of regulating economic and innovation processes.

The economic and political position of the country in the world is manifested in the following main points:

• - taking the place of a leader or dependent state in a particular military-political or economic union;
• - the degree of militarization of the ongoing foreign policy;
• - the geopolitical position of the state;
• - foreign economic and foreign trade orientation of the state.

Table 3.1

Dynamics of the main safety indicators of the scientific and technical sphere

A state that plays the role of a superpower on the world arena and in whose political channel other states follow, in the formation of scientific and technical priorities, first of all, takes into account the need to create a scientific and technical reserve that would allow it to maintain and maintain this status. Otherwise, the leading position will be taken by another state with all the ensuing consequences. Another aspect is the need to assume a number of costs for the development of large-scale scientific and technical programs, the implementation of which is beyond the power of other states of the bloc, with their subsequent use by these states on certain conditions.

The priorities of a state that does not pretend to be a leader are different. First of all, the emphasis is on conducting research that ensures economic independence, the required level of educational and cultural development, and maintaining defense sufficiency.

The military-political aspirations of the state, which determine the corresponding trends in changing the structure of the economy and scientific research, are quite significant. A significant portion of R&D spending goes to the military sector with the aim of achieving leadership in this area. The degree of militarization is influenced by various factors, and not necessarily the main one is the degree of aggressiveness of the state. In particular, we are talking about the geopolitical position of the state. If it is located in a relatively calm region and has no claims to other countries, the priorities of science, as a rule, are more focused on solving state economic problems.

Foreign trade and foreign economic specialization of the state leaves a significant imprint on the choice of scientific priorities. If it specializes in the export of science-intensive products, then the priorities are aimed at ensuring leadership in "breakthrough" fields of science in order to ensure subsequent leadership in the creation of complex high-tech, science-intensive products. When it comes to the export of traditional technology, it is not always necessary to carry out independent scientific research, and in some cases it is possible to use their results obtained in other countries.

"On the Procedure for Making Foreign Investments in Business Societies of Strategic Importance for Ensuring the Defense of the Country and the Security of the State" to approve the attached list of technologies that are of great socio-economic importance or are of great importance for the defense of the country and the security of the state (critical technologies).

2. To recognize as invalid the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2008 N 1243-r (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, N 35, Art. 4068).

Chairperson
Government of the Russian Federation
D. Medvedev

Approx. ed: the text of the order was published in the "Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation", 07/30/2012, N 31, art. 4403.

The list of technologies that are of great socio-economic importance or important for the defense of the country and the security of the state (critical technologies)

1. Basic and critical military and industrial technologies for the creation of advanced types of weapons, military and special equipment
2. Basic technologies of power electrical engineering
3. Biocatalytic, biosynthetic and biosensor technologies
4. Biomedical and veterinary technologies
5. Genomic, proteomic and post-genomic technologies
6. Cellular technologies
7. Computer modeling of nanomaterials, nanodevices and nanotechnologies
8. Nano-, bio-, information, cognitive technologies
9. Technologies of nuclear energy, nuclear fuel cycle, safe management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel
10. Bioengineering technologies
11. Technologies for diagnostics of nanomaterials and nanodevices
12. Technologies for access to broadband multimedia services
13. Technologies of information, control, navigation systems
14. Technologies for monitoring and predicting the state of the environment, preventing and eliminating its pollution
15. Technologies of nanodevices and microsystem equipment
16. Technologies of new and renewable energy sources, including hydrogen energy
17. Technologies for ensuring the protection and life of the population and hazardous facilities in case of threats of terrorist manifestations
18. Technologies for processing and disposal of man-made formations and waste
19. Technologies for search, collection, storage, processing, provision, distribution and protection of information
20. Technologies and software of distributed and high-performance computing systems
21. Technologies for the production of metals and alloys with special properties used in the production of weapons and military equipment
22. Technologies for the prevention and elimination of natural and man-made emergencies
23. Technologies for prospecting, exploration, development of mineral deposits and their extraction
24. Technologies for obtaining and processing structural nanomaterials
25. Technologies for obtaining and processing functional nanomaterials
26. Technologies for creating biocompatible materials
27. Technologies for creating high-speed vehicles and intelligent control systems for new modes of transport
28. Technologies for the creation and processing of composite and ceramic materials
29. Technologies for the creation and processing of crystalline materials
30. Technologies for the creation and processing of polymers and elastomers
31. Technologies for creating membranes and catalytic systems
32. Technologies for creating a new generation of rocket-space and transport equipment
33. Technologies for creating an electronic component base and energy-efficient lighting devices
34. Technologies for creating energy-saving systems for transportation, distribution and use of energy
35. Technologies for creating energy-efficient engines and propellers for transport systems
36. Technologies to reduce losses from socially significant diseases
37. Technologies for energy efficient production and conversion of energy from fossil fuels
38. Technologies for environmentally friendly resource-saving production and processing of agricultural raw materials and food products

Critical RF technologies
(Critical Technologies)

"... No state, no matter how rich it may be, is able to develop research and development in all areas without exception. The most important condition for the implementation of an effective state scientific and technical policy is the concentration of scientific potential, financial and material resources in priority areas of development Science and technology Priority areas of development of science and technology are understood as the main areas of research and development, the implementation of which should provide a significant contribution to the social, scientific, technical and industrial development of the country and the achievement of national socio-economic goals due to this.

In each of the priority areas of development of science and technology, more specific applied areas, called critical technologies, can be distinguished. Critical technologies are cross-sectoral in nature, create essential prerequisites for the development of strategic technological areas of research and development, and together make the main contribution to the solution of key problems in the implementation of priority directions of development of science and technology. One of these technologies is nanotechnology. The choice of critical technologies takes into account the forecast of the most promising directions for the development of science and technology in order to achieve maximum returns in the field of innovation.

Priority directions for the development of science, technology and technology in Russia and the list of critical technologies in Russia were first formulated in 1996 with the participation of hundreds of experts - representatives of academic, university and industrial science, as well as industry. The selection and clarification of priorities is a dynamic, living process, which is due to the very specifics of science and technology. Therefore, constant attention is paid to their timely revision. The latest list of priority areas and critical technologies was approved by the President of the Russian Federation on May 21, 2006:

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS for the development of science, technology and technology in the Russian Federation:

Security and counter terrorism.
- Living systems.
- Industry of nanosystems and materials.
- Information and telecommunication systems.
- Advanced weapons, military and special equipment.
- Rational use of natural resources.
- Transport, aviation and space systems.
- Energy and energy saving.

LIST of critical technologies of the Russian Federation:

Basic and critical military, special and industrial technologies.
- Bioinformation technologies.
- Biocatalytic, biosynthetic and biosensor technologies.
- Biomedical and veterinary technologies for life support and protection of humans and animals.
- Genomic and post-genomic technologies for creating drugs.
- Cellular technologies.
- Nanotechnology and nanomaterials.
- Technologies of nuclear energy, nuclear fuel cycle, safe management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel.
- Bioengineering technologies.
- Technologies of hydrogen energy.
- Technologies of mechatronics and the creation of microsystem equipment.
- Technologies for monitoring and forecasting the state of the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
- Technologies for new and renewable energy sources.
- Technologies for ensuring the protection and life of the population and hazardous facilities in the event of a threat of terrorist manifestations.
- Technologies for processing, storing, transferring and protecting information.
- Technologies for assessing resources and predicting the state of the lithosphere and biosphere.
- Technologies for processing and utilization of technogenic formations and waste.
- Software production technologies.
- Technologies for the production of fuels and energy from organic raw materials.
- Technologies of distributed computing and systems.
- Technologies to reduce the risk and mitigate the consequences of natural and man-made disasters.
- Technologies for creating biocompatible materials.
- Technologies for creating intelligent navigation and control systems.
- Technologies for the creation and processing of composite and ceramic materials.
- Technologies for the creation and processing of crystalline materials.
- Technologies for the creation and processing of polymers and elastomers.
- Technologies for creating and managing new types of transport systems.
- Technologies for creating membranes and catalytic systems.
- Technologies for creating new generations of rocket and space, aviation and marine technology.
- Technologies for creating an electronic component base.
- Technologies for creating energy-saving systems for transportation, distribution and consumption of heat and electricity.
- Technologies for creating energy efficient engines and propulsion systems for transport systems.
- Technologies for environmentally friendly resource-saving production and processing of agricultural raw materials and food products.
- Technologies for environmentally safe development of deposits and mining. "

4 hours ago, Emergencies and Response Funds have been allocated to help victims of wildfires in the Trans-Baikal Territory Order of April 29, 2019 No. 859-r. 55.31 million rubles are allocated from the reserve fund of the Government of Russia for social support of victims of wildfires in the Trans-Baikal Territory.

5 hours ago, Gas production, transportation, export. LNG industry. Gasification On the investment project for the construction of a marine transshipment complex of liquefied natural gas in the Murmansk region Order of April 26, 2019 No. 834-r. The plan for the implementation of the investment project "Marine transshipment complex of liquefied natural gas in the Murmansk region" was approved. The investment project includes the construction of two floating gas storage facilities, an auxiliary pier and the necessary onshore infrastructure. The preliminary estimate of the cost of the investment project is 70 billion rubles. The implementation period is 2023.

April 26, 2019, State policy in the field of research and development The charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been updated Resolution of April 25, 2019 No. 496. In order to bring the RAS charter in line with the changes in the legislation, the goals of the activity, the main tasks, functions and powers of the academy have been adjusted.

April 26, 2019, Labor Relations. Social partnership in the world of work A set of actions was approved to stimulate employers and employees to improve working conditions and preserve health Order of April 26, 2019 No. 833-r. It is envisaged, in particular, to disseminate best practices to reduce industrial injuries, to encourage employers to improve working conditions and preserve the health of workers, and to introduce a healthy lifestyle in labor collectives. The complex will be implemented jointly with the All-Russian Association of Employers "Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs" and the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia.

April 23, 2019, Environmental safety. Waste management Changes in the pricing procedure in the field of solid municipal waste management Resolution of April 13, 2019 No. 446. The decisions made are aimed at reducing the payment of citizens for the removal of MSW, which is especially important in those regions where a significant part of the payment is made up of costs for their transportation, ensuring the possibility of revising the long-term parameters of tariff regulation in the field of MSW management in the event of a corresponding order from the regulatory authorities.

April 22, 2019, Business Wednesday. Development of competition A new edition of the standard for the development of competition in the constituent entities of the Federation was approved Order of April 17, 2019 No. 768-r. The purpose of the adopted decision is to increase the efficiency of the work of regional authorities in the field of competition development.

April 22, 2019, Technological development. Innovations The Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies for 2019–2027 was approved Resolution of April 22, 2019 No. 479. The main goals of the Program are a comprehensive solution to the problems of the accelerated development of genetic technologies, including technologies for genetic editing, the creation of scientific and technological groundwork for medicine, agriculture and industry, and the improvement of the system for the prevention of biological emergencies and control in this area.

April 22, 2019, Housing policy, housing market Criteria have been established, provided that the developer has the right to attract funds from participants in shared construction without using escrow accounts. Resolution of April 22, 2019 No. 480. Criteria were approved that determine the degree of readiness of an apartment building or other real estate object and the number of contracts for participation in shared construction, subject to which the developer is given the right to raise funds from participants in shared construction without using escrow accounts under agreements for participation in shared construction submitted for state registration after July 1, 2019. The purpose of the decision was to ensure the completion of residential buildings in cases where it is possible to complete shared construction according to the old rules, that is, without using escrow accounts.

April 22, 2019, Disabled. Barrier-free environment On actions to support and develop the rehabilitation industry Resolution of April 12, 2019 No. 436. Russian manufacturers of innovative rehabilitation products will be reimbursed for part of the costs of testing such products with the participation of disabled people. The decisions taken are aimed at improving the quality of domestic production rehabilitation means.

April 22, 2019, Disabled. Barrier-free environment The terms of providing disabled people with technical rehabilitation equipment have been shortened Resolution of April 13, 2019 No. 443. In order to minimize the terms of providing disabled people in need of palliative care with serial production of technical means of rehabilitation (TCP), the terms for considering an application for a disabled person and providing him with technical assistance have been reduced to seven days. Previously, these terms were 15 and 30 days, respectively.

April 20, 2019, Higher, postgraduate and continuing education On budgetary allocations for the completion of construction and reconstruction of dormitories of the Moscow State Technical University. N.E.Bauman Resolution of April 16, 2019 No. 455. For the completion of the construction of the dormitory complex in 2019-2020, budget allocations are allocated in the amount of 1,085.3 million rubles. This will create an additional 1,350 places in student dormitories.

April 19, 2019, Government statistics The Federal Statistical Work Plan has been updated Order of April 10, 2019 No. 680-r. The purpose of the decisions taken is to optimize the composition of statistical work performed by Rosstat and other subjects of official statistical accounting, to improve the quality of meeting information needs in official statistical information, and to reduce the reporting burden on respondents.

April 18, 2019, Protective measures in foreign trade On protective measures in trade and economic relations with Ukraine Resolution of April 18, 2019 No. 460-25. Government Decree No. 1716-83 of December 29, 2018 introduced a ban on the import of goods into the territory of Russia, the country of origin of which is Ukraine, or moved through the territory of Ukraine, and a list of such goods was approved.

April 16, 2019, National Project "Demography" On budgetary allocations to support families at the birth of children in the Far East Orders dated April 13, 2019 No. 743-r, No. 744-r. In order to implement the federal project "Financial support for families at the birth of children" of the national project "Demography" in the constituent entities of the Federation that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District, 3146.26 million rubles are allocated from the reserve fund of the Government for a one-time payment at the birth of the first child, the provision of regional maternity capital at the birth of the second child, monthly payments at the birth of the third and subsequent children.

April 16, 2019, Budgets of the subjects of the Federation. Interbudgetary relations On the provision of subsidies to the Trans-Baikal Territory for the payment of wages to public sector employees Order of April 11, 2019 No. 698-r. Funds are allocated to the Trans-Baikal Territory to ensure the payment of wages to public sector employees.

April 16, 2019, Selected issues of national defense On the indexation in 2019 of individual payments to military personnel and employees of law enforcement agencies Resolution of April 12, 2019 No. 435. A decision was approved to index the amount of insurance premiums, one-time benefits and monthly compensations to certain categories of military personnel and persons equated to them by 4.3% from January 1, 2019.

April 16, 2019, Regulation of insurance activities On the procedure for compensation for damage for housing lost as a result of an emergency situation using the voluntary insurance mechanism Resolution of April 12, 2019 No. 433. The minimum amount of obligations of the insurer for the risk of loss of residential premises as a result of an emergency was established and the rules for calculating the maximum amount of damage to be reimbursed within the framework of compensation programs for damage to residential premises using the voluntary insurance mechanism were approved. The procedure for the formation of a list of tax expenses and their assessment was approved Resolution of April 12, 2019 No. 439. It has been established that an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of tax expenditures will be carried out.

April 15, 2019, Organization of the health care system. Health insurance On changes in the Program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for 2019 and for the planning period of 2020 and 2021 Resolution of April 12, 2019 No. 440. Amendments have been made to the Program of State Guarantees of Free Provision of Medical Care to Citizens for 2019 and for the Planning Period of 2020 and 2021, aimed at increasing the availability of palliative care, as well as specifying guarantees when citizens undergo preventive medical examinations, including as part of clinical examination.

PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

On the approval of the priority directions for the development of science, technology and technology in the Russian Federation and the list of critical technologies of the Russian Federation

Document with changes made:
.
____________________________________________________________________

In order to modernize and technological development of the Russian economy and increase its competitiveness

I decree:

1. Approve the attached:

a) priority directions for the development of science, technology and technology in the Russian Federation;

b) a list of critical technologies of the Russian Federation.

2. The Government of the Russian Federation to ensure the implementation of this Decree.

3. This Decree comes into force from the date of its signing.

President of Russian Federation
D. Medvedev

Priority areas for the development of science, technology and technology in the Russian Federation

1. Security and counter terrorism.

2. Industry of nanosystems.

3. Information and telecommunication systems.

4. Life sciences.

5. Advanced types of weapons, military and special equipment.

6. Rational use of natural resources.

6_1. Robotic complexes (systems) for military, special and dual-use.
(The item was additionally included by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 16, 2015 N 623)

7. Transport and space systems.

8. Energy efficiency, energy saving, nuclear energy.

List of critical technologies of the Russian Federation

1. Basic and critical military and industrial technologies for the creation of advanced types of weapons, military and special equipment.

2. Basic technologies of power electrical engineering.

3. Biocatalytic, biosynthetic and biosensor technologies.

4. Biomedical and veterinary technologies.

5. Genomic, proteomic and post-genomic technologies.

6. Cellular technologies.

7. Computer modeling of nanomaterials, nanodevices and nanotechnologies.

8. Nano-, bio-, informational, cognitive technologies.

9. Technologies of nuclear energy, nuclear fuel cycle, safe management of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel.

10. Bioengineering technologies.

11. Technologies for diagnostics of nanomaterials and nanodevices.

12. Technologies for access to broadband multimedia services.

13. Technologies of information, control, navigation systems.

14. Technologies of nanodevices and microsystem equipment.

15. Technologies of new and renewable energy sources, including hydrogen energy.

16. Technologies for obtaining and processing structural nanomaterials.

17. Technologies for obtaining and processing functional nanomaterials.

18. Technologies and software for distributed and high-performance computing systems.

19. Technologies for monitoring and predicting the state of the environment, preventing and eliminating its pollution.

20. Technologies for prospecting, exploration, development of mineral deposits and their extraction.

21. Technologies for the prevention and elimination of natural and man-made emergencies.

22. Technologies for reducing losses from socially significant diseases.

23. Technologies for creating high-speed vehicles and intelligent control systems for new types of transport.

24. Technologies for creating a new generation of rocket-space and transport equipment.

25. Technologies for creating an electronic component base and energy-efficient lighting devices.

26. Technologies for creating energy-saving systems for transportation, distribution and use of energy.

27. Technologies for energy efficient production and conversion of energy using fossil fuels.

Document revision taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Codex"