An example of using raspberry. What is No More Woof? Auto dashboard touchscreen

The Raspberry Pi is an innovative product from English developers. Their main goal was to popularize computer education among the general population, make programming a wider and more accessible discipline and encourage more people to create something new with the help of new technologies.

The product name Raspberry Pi stands for "raspberry pie", the manufacturing company has thus emphasized that this computer is intended primarily for children.

What this invention is, and what is the application of the Raspberry Pi in the modern world, we will talk about this below.

Raspberry Pi computer features

A Raspberry Pi device is a small, one-board computer without a case. The developers urge both children and adults to pay attention not only to the use of computers, but also to its study from the inside, and also propose to use imagination and do something of their own on the basis of this computer.

As the developers believe, the Raspberry Pi device should perform such educational goals:

• motivate students to develop programming skills;
• assist in the endeavors of young programmers;
• help experienced computer scientists discover new horizons and make new achievements in the field of programming.

In the home country of the Raspberry Pi device in the UK, the complete kit can be purchased for as little as £ 75. The kit itself consists of the following components:

• the Raspberry Pi model B mini-computer itself;
• micro-CD (8 gigabytes);
• keyboards;
• optical mouse;
• micro CD Card adapter;
• power supply;
• HDMI and micro USB cables.

The first batch of Raspberry Pi was produced in China, but since the end of 2012, production has been entirely moved to the UK, to a plant in Pencoid (Wales). On average, the plant produces about 40 thousand Raspberry Pi mini-computers per week.

Raspberry Pi Specifications

So what are the specifications of this unique computer without a case, let's find out:

Raspberry Pi Computer Applications for Home

The most common Raspberry Pi mini-computer is Model B with 215 MB of RAM. with Ethernet support... There is also one more modification of the device, in which the components are placed more compactly, it also has four USB ports, the number of GPIO input and output ports in it is significantly larger, in addition, there is no composite video output.

The areas of application of the Raspberry Pi computer are quite wide. Despite the fact that this device is not very powerful, it is also a fully functional computer. If you need a machine for solving simple tasks that do not require the use of powerful resources in terms of computing, then you can safely connect to the Raspberry Pi device standard machine elements:

• monitor;
• mouse;
• keyboard;
• connection of any Linux distribution kit.

At home, you can use a Raspberry Pi device for the following purposes:

• creating a home media server;
• as a storage server;
• as a "think tank" for automated machines or robots;
• as a home automation server (or smart home systems).

As we can see, the scope of the Raspberry Pi for private needs can be different. Basically, these are narrow-profile tasks related to the work of programmers or other developers. And if we talk about widespread use, then it is worth familiarizing yourself with the features of using the Raspberry Pi for home automation systems or the so-called smart home... Let's look at the practical side of this issue.

Any home automation system or the so-called smart home is quite complex and multi-structural. In addition to the fact that it is designed to carry out certain scenarios that are set by the user, it tends to make its own decisions in a certain emergency situation. We can safely say that such a system has the makings of artificial intelligence.

Many people today apply the concept of "smart home" to everything, for example:

• GSM alarm;
• water flow sensor;
• light control, motion sensors, etc.

All these phenomena can be part of the structure of home automation, but they cannot be it individually.

A home automation system ("smart home") includes the following components:

• central server;
• it is connected through the RS485 interface with controllers that are located in every room and premises of the house;
• certain control devices are connected to the controllers to protect, control and regulate the operation of the system.

Such a network architecture of this system is good in that the owner of the house does not need to stretch inconvenient wires from each device to the server, but just needs to connect the controllers to which they are connected via a single UTP cable. One pair of its wires is used for the RS485 interface, while the others power the sensors and controllers. It should be noted that the structure of work is provided in such a way that if one of the controllers or several fails, or even the operation of the central server is disrupted, this will not affect the operation of the system as a whole.

A mini-computer Raspberry Pi in this system and is the central server... You need to install a Web server on it, with the help of which any user through his mobile device (smartphone, tablet or laptop) can, through a regular browser, have data about all the processes that take place in the house and manage these processes. The user has access to the server by means of a login and password through a home local network or through a global network, if you enter it through a Wi - Fi device.

To the serial port of the UART device through a matching device through the RS485 interface, controllers are connected, which are equipped with a different set of pins or inputs. You can also connect a GPS model to the same interface and use it to access the system through a mobile or landline telephone connection if the user is in an area where there is no Internet access. Access is also allowed through a password, as in the previous case. Another device on the network is radio module, with the help of which all radio sensors and remote controls can be linked to a common system.

So, the current version of a home automation system based on a Raspberry Pi computer consists of a central server and controllers with an RS485 interface, which are needed to communicate with the server. Their description looks like this:

Now let's find out how the Raspberry Pi was used by the inventors. to create innovative products... Let's take a look at some of them.

Constructor Kano

The Kano construction set for children is not just an ordinary construction set, it is a modular computer, even a child can assemble such a puzzle. The constructor kit includes the following:

Thus, even a child can assemble a computer by himself, which is then connected to a monitor or TV. via HDMI port.

Such a constructor was originally created for children, but has become popular among adults as well. Funds for the development and implementation of this project were raised through a fundraising platform for creative inventions. Thanks to the assembled computer, you can perform the following actions:

• record music;
• watch videos in HD format;
• write programs;
• create your own games.

Flying device SkyJack

Other inventors based on the Raspberry Pi computer created the SkyJack drone, which is controlled via a Wi-Fi connection. Such a device is capable of taking helicopter altitude, tracking the paths of military helicopters and controlling them, it can also intercept radio signals and create interference with it. However, despite such possibilities, the device is allowed for mass use due to its small range.

Poppy: robot alien

Poppy's robot was 3D printed by the French company INRIA Flowers... The robot is controlled by a Raspberry Pi mini-computer. The design of the robot repeats the biological structure of a person, it has joints, a spine and tendons, its gait is similar to that of a human, it walks, stepping from heel to nose and uniformly controlling the center of its gravity.

What is No More Woof?

The No More Woof is an underdeveloped device based on the Raspberry Pi. With his help, the owner will understand what his dog wants. So, the device will be attached to the head of the animal and work on the principle of an electroencephalograph, that is read information from a dog's head and transfer it to the owner via the Raspberry Pi. It is not yet known when such a device will be ready and how it will be used exactly, but such headsets, albeit not so perfect, have already been used by professional dog handlers.

Everyone can see that with the advent of the new millennium, the interest in computers among the new generation and not only is exclusively consumer. Children do not want to learn to program and create something new, but want to be exclusively "users". The Raspberry Pi developers are confident that their device will restore people's former interest in the study of computational sciences and force them not only to use new technologies, but also to create them.

This article, long enough even for a blog, describes the first steps of an already middle-aged "IT specialist" on the path of mastering the newest approach to information education in schools and universities of developed countries - physical computing on the devboard Raspberry Pi, in order to make it accessible to his beloved child and native school.

Along the way, for the first time in my life I had to get acquainted with an alternative "Wintel" hardware platform (Raspberry Pi 3 based on an ARM processor), learn to work in an unfamiliar operating system (Rasbian OS based on Debian Linux), make friends with a new programming language (Python ), remember the basics radio electronics.

As a result, for only 3.5 tr. and a month of waiting, my child has a powerful enough tool that is unique in its educational capabilities, combining a quiet 4-core computer the size of a credit card, a web server, a media center, a control center for smart home sensors, a laboratory for mastering the basics of programming, robotics and radio electronics is an almost ideal solution for a school computer science circle.
At the same time, all programs on it are initially free and are available in a wide variety from online repositories, and viruses do not exist in principle.

An excursion into the history of teaching computer science at school and university

Since the late 90s, in one way or another, I have been taking part in the development of the process of informatization of education in schools and universities.
In the late 80s, being a high school student, he "hooked" the beginning of the introduction of computers into school education. Then these were computer classes based on the BK 0010 microcomputer and the DVK-2 teacher's computer. I learned basic programming with enthusiasm. There were practically no books on it then. Together with the teacher, I had to study everything from brochures and "by the method of a scientific poke". Before leaving school, the IBM Pilot Schools project came to Chuvashia. Fortunately, a computer class based on IBM PS / 2 was delivered to one of the schools in Novocheboksarsk (No. 14). Then it was like a miracle - a real "IBM PS" computer with a "mouse", floppy drive and a gorgeous 256-color screen! The teacher's computer had a 286 processor, 1 megabyte of RAM, and a 40MB hard drive (which seemed so big compared to a floppy drive that we didn't know if it could be filled to capacity at all). Everything was accompanied by a dot matrix printer - "a miracle of hostile technology."
Then there were 5 "perestroika" years of study at the university, where during the educational process I got acquainted with the Cuban SM computers (the same ones with coils for data recording and heavy metal keyboards). But just in those very years, universities in Western grats began to receive modern computers IBM PC-XT 286 and IBM PC / AT 386. Again I was shocked while studying Pascal, working in Norton Commander and mastering the LaTex hypertext typesetting environment.
Working for several years at school after graduating from the university, I had the good fortune to observe how in the computer science classrooms BC 0010 are gradually replaced by new, much more powerful Pentium computers with a graphical Windows operating system and office programs "on board". But children continue to learn Basic and Pascal on them ...
By occupation, he was one of the first in his hometown to go to the Internet and immediately realized that he was the future. He began to create websites, develop Internet projects, got acquainted with Linux - the main operating system of the Internet and Perl - then the most popular programming language for Internet applications.
For some period of time, he moved away from school education. Approximately 10 years later, I found the time and desire to organize a computer astronomy circle in my native school (now a gymnasium). Almost before my eyes, the old Pentiums and Celesrons in the computer class, thanks to a presidential grant, were replaced by powerful dual-core laptops. The curriculum already included office suites and graphic editors, the basics of working on the Internet and familiarity with HTML. But the old Basic and Pascal also remained ...
And now the second decade of the new millennium is already in the yard. My daughter grew up to take computer science lessons. From her I learned that in schools they still learn the basics of working in Windows and ... programming in Borland Pascal ...
Meanwhile, all over the world, children of primary school age are already writing programs for Android, creating Internet services in the super popular Python language and controlling smart homes based on Linux-devboard "s with SoC processors from smartphones ...
Asked questions to representatives of the education system, what is the problem of stagnation with the introduction of teaching modern technologies in schools? I have not heard a monosyllabic answer to this question. I understood only one thing, that due to the unpopularity of the profession of a teacher of computer science among advanced youth, the lengthy process of writing curricula and manuals, retraining the teaching staff and refurbishing computer classes, in the near future nothing will shine for my child at school if ... technologies, at least as extracurricular or Olympiad work, will not be taken up by enthusiasts. Luckily for me, I am an enthusiast myself, and my first computer science teacher is also one of them. You just need to help start somewhere ...

Arduino vs Raspberry Pi

After googling a little, I found out that physical computing, the basis of IoT technology (Internet of Things), has become the most modern area of ​​information education all over the world in the last couple of years. This topic began to develop rapidly thanks to the emergence of an inexpensive but powerful enough Raspberry Pi hardware platform and associated infrastructure - a huge community of teachers and ethnosians, countless starter guides and tutorials, thousands of developers of various libraries, a wide range of ready-made extensions and sensors. Prior to the Raspberry Pi in school education abroad, the topic of mastering the basics of cybernetics and physical computing based on Arduino microcontrollers was actively promoted. As a result, there is now a rich selection of different sensors for Arduino, allowing children under adult supervision, for example, to construct robotic platforms in order to arrange primitive "robot races". In principle, the Arduino topic is relevant to this day, but as an initial part of the process of teaching physical computing, programming and cybernetics. The Raspberry Pi is the next, much more advanced, virtually unlimited level ...

You can understand how the Raspberry Pi and Arduino differ, in their own way, by comparing their capabilities.

Arduino- this is not a full-fledged computer single-task single-core microcontroller with a small amount of RAM, low processing power, lack of multimedia and network capabilities, but low power consumption and high reaction speed in time-critical projects. To control the Arduino, a computer or laptop with a USB port is required, which significantly increases the starting budget for one training place. To program the Arduino, you will need to learn a C-like language. The Arduino is enough for a quick reaction to a signal from the sensor, for example, to turn the wheel of the robot in the other direction. But the Arduino will no longer be able to control the robot via the Internet and process the route.

Raspberry Pi (v3 Model B)- a full-fledged 4-core single-board computer with 1GB of RAM and the ability to connect external drives via USB, running a modern Linux system, with advanced multimedia (Open GL, HD-Video) and communication (WiFi, Bluetooth, Ethernet) capabilities. With some reservations, the Raspberry Pi can be successfully used as a full-fledged student / student computer, on which, in addition to the main task of physical computing, you can listen to music, watch HD videos, surf the web, work with documents in office editors, and read e-books and so on ... And at the same time, apart from the monitor (which can be a regular LCD TV with a VGA / HDMI connector), USB keyboards and mice, the cost of one training place based on Raspberry Pi starts from 2, 5 tr. On the Raspberry Pi, you can learn the basics of programming in any language. By default, Python, Scratch and Node-RED are preinstalled on it, but nothing prevents you from installing LAMP with PHP, Ruby, Java and other popular development environments through the convenient interface of the Debian program repository. Also on the Raspberry Pi, as a full-fledged Linux computer, you can install a lot of useful free and useful programs for mastering, including the Apache web server, the basis of the modern Internet, the Blender 3D design environment, The Gimp graphic editor, Xara-X vector editors and Inkscape, Scribus publishing system. In addition, the Raspberry Pi has a GPIO interface for controlling sensors originally designed for Arduino. Moreover, if you need instant response to events and ADC conversion of the signal, you can connect an Arduino to the Raspberry Pi and control the sensors through it!
As a result, the Raspberry Pi is the most affordable personal computer for students and at the same time an advanced hardware and software platform for the "Internet of Things".

1. Purchase a Raspberry Pi starter kit

So, having figured out that bypassing the Arduino stage it is worth starting right away with the Raspberry Pi, I came to the decision to buy a starter kit for initial acquaintance, mastering the basics of work and the basics of physical computing in Python, in order to then demonstrate all this at school and interest the enthusiastic teachers. as well as advanced learners. Thus, my epic with the Raspberry Pi began.

Fortunately for Russians, all Raspberry Pi models, including the most advanced v3 Model B, as well as the necessary components for it, can be ordered with delivery on aliexpress.com.

At a minimum, you can only order the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B board itself with delivery at a price of 2200r. To get started, you will need a power supply (charger for cell / tablet) with a miniUSB connector, giving an output current of 1A-1.5A, an LCD monitor or TV with an HDMI connector, a USB keyboard and mouse.

I decided to add 1.2 tr. and buy the necessary set of components with which the Raspberry Pi will become more convenient, productive, compatible and efficient. First of all, it is worth buying a set of heatsinks to remove heat from the SoC processor and memory, so that they do not overheat on complex tasks and do not reduce the system performance by sequentially disconnecting the processor cores and reducing the clock frequency.
It is also highly recommended to buy some kind of inexpensive case to avoid inconvenience and to keep children out of trouble. I took the original Model R1 case in crimson white.
To start mastering the basics of physical computing with the Raspberry Pi, you should immediately order a starter kit of sensors and a circuit board with a loop for the GPIO interface, which you cannot buy in local stores. On aliexpress.com there are ready-made kits consisting of sensors, a circuit board with a ribbon cable and an adapter, connecting wires, LEDs, buttons and resistors. But they seemed a little expensive to me ... Therefore, I took almost everything separately, and I decided to buy LEDs, buttons and resistors in the nearest radio car.

My online shopping list:
1. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B with a 2.5A power supply and two heatsinks for the processor and memory - 2412r.
2.bredaboard with 40-wire cable and adapter - 282r.
3. HDMI2VGA adapter - 233r.
4. Case, model R1 - 280r.
5. A starter set of 16 sensors - 510r.
6. A set of connecting wires - 186r.
Total: 3900r. (at prices for February 2017 at the ruble exchange rate of 57.70)

After about a month of waiting, all ordered components arrived safe and sound.

Before turning on the Raspberry Pi for the first time, there are a few mandatory procedures that must be done. Attention! Before removing the board from the ESD bag, be sure to discharge static electricity from your hands by touching the water faucet or exposed radiator, or you could burn sensitive electronics.
First you need to glue the heatsinks on the processor and memory chip. It is not difficult: first, peel off the protective film from the radiator, then carefully place it over a microcircuit corresponding to it in size and lower the radiator onto it without effort. It is not necessary to press the radiator against the microcircuit, it will hold on well anyway.
Then you need to assemble the case from the parts and place the board in it. When assembling the case, we install the top cover and the side with cutouts for USB connectors after inserting (with some effort) into the slots of the Raspberry Pi board.

3. Installing Rasbian OS

Since the Raspberry Pi comes without a preinstalled operating system and its own storage medium by default, you will need to buy it, and download and install the system yourself.
A microSD card of at least class 6 (write speed 6MB / s) with a volume of at least 8MB is used as a system disk for the Raspberry Pi. On the Internet, they advised to immediately buy a class 10 card in order to avoid possible problems with the installation of the OS and the operation of the Raspberry Pi.
At a nearby computer stand I bought a Sundisk grade 10 microSD card with an 8GB capacity.
Then I downloaded the Raspbian operating system (based on Debian Jessie) from https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/. Opt for Raspbian Jessie with PIXEL, a graphical distro with a bundle of software to get you started.
As it turned out, the downloaded image, when unpacking from the archive, expands to 4GB and cannot be written on a disk with the FAT32 file system due to restrictions on the maximum size of single files.
I had to connect an external USB drive with NTFS file system and unpack the Raspbian OS image onto it.
To write an image to an SD card, it was required to download the Win32DiskImager program at the address and connect the microSD card to the computer via a USB card reader.
The program interface is outrageously simple: in the "Image File" line you need to specify the Raspbian OS image on the disk, select the microSD card in the "Device" drop-down list and press the "Write" button. By the way, from time to time the same program should make a backup copy of the microSD card by inserting it into the card reader, choosing the path to save the image in the "Image File" field, specifying the name of the disk in the Device drop-down list under which the microSD card was defined and selecting the command "Read ".

4. First launch

After successfully completing the recording process, insert the microSD card into the corresponding slot of the card reader on the Raspberry Pi, connect the monitor via an HDMI cable or HDMI2VGA adapter, connect the keyboard and mouse to the lower USB connectors, and only then connect the power supply. Since the Raspberry Pi does not have a power button, plugging / unplugging the power supply turns the device on and off. Just in case, I'll write in advance that before turning off the power on the Raspberry Pi, it is advisable to correctly shut down the OS so that there are no errors at the next startup.
To my deep regret and horror, after connecting the power to the Raspberry Pi, the screen saver of the Pixel graphical shell did not light up on the monitor, but a tirade of text "curses" popped up, ending with the line "kernel panic" with an error number.
Googling on my smartphone, I immediately found out that, apparently, the Raspberry Pi does not like my microSD card (as it later turned out, the read / write speed is not enough for the normal operation of the Raspbian OS). While re-writing the Raspbian OS image to the SD card, I noticed that the write speed does not exceed 4MB / sec (corresponds to the 4th class of an SD card).
When I turned on the Raspberry Pi again with the ill-fated card, I saw "kernel panic" again. I had to go to the stall and change it after some explanations to the less "branded" Prestigio microSDHC 8GB class 10 (U1). On a "freshly bought" microSD card, the OS image was written twice as fast at a speed of about 9.5 MB / s. When turned on with it, the Raspberry Pi immediately displayed a welcome window and after a few seconds of loading, I was happy to see the X-Windows interface on the display with a beautiful screensaver in the form of a deserted road heading towards the rising sun.
Apparently the Sundisk card turned out to be fake ...

5. Acquaintance with Debian Linux, initial setup of Raspbian OS, installation of useful programs

Armed with a couple of manuals in Russian and English, downloaded from various geek resources, I decided to devote a weekend evening to the initial setup of a convenient working environment on the Raspbian OS.

First of all, a few words about the Debian Linux console are worth saying. It is accessible via the LXTerminal button on the top panel of the Raspbian OS interface.
In the Linux console, commands are entered for operating the OS, installing, starting and removing programs, making manual edits to the settings of the OS itself and its individual components. Most commands require administrator access (root access) to run successfully. To do this, type "sudo" before the command.
Some operations in Raspbian OS are only accessible from the console.
First of all, this is access to the raspi_config system configuration program. It is in it that the initial configuration of the Raspbian OS is made.
To start the system setup program, open LXTerminal and enter the command in the console:
sudo raspi-config

First of all, you need to select the "Expand Filesystem" command to expand the OS file system to the entire available space of the microSD card.
Then you should definitely change the default root password to access the system via the console and via SSH using the "Change User Password" command. From kosoli it is given by the command "sudo passwd root".
Then it is worth starting the SSH server in order to be able to log into the Raspberry Pi via the SSH terminal protocol from another PC using the "SSH" command in the "Advanced Options" window.

It is very important to immediately change the locale (interface language) to Russian and add a Russian keyboard layout.
This is done in the "Internationalization Options" window. The locale is changed by the "Change locale" command.
You must select the locale ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8. Changing the keyboard layout is done by the "Change keyboard layout" command. Next, you will have to select the desired layout in a new window (ru_RU.UTF-8), in the next window set the hotkeys for changing the layout, each time confirming the selected actions by clicking the "Tab" key of the keyboard to the "Enter" button of the program window and pressing "Enter" on the keyboard ...
It is also worthwhile in the "Advanced options" window to go to the "Audio" menu item and select in the new window the default sound output option to the internal 3.5mm jack in order to listen to sound through headphones connected to the standard Raspberry Pi audio connector.
After completing the settings, select the "Finish" button and agree to reboot the system.

The next step in configuring Raspbian OS is to update its program base and installed components.
To do this, we sequentially enter the following commands in the console, waiting for the completion of each of them until a green prompt for console input appears.
Updating the program base:
apt-get update
Updating installed programs
sudo apt-get upgrade
Removing the libraries remaining after uninstalling programs, accompanying programs, etc.
sudo apt-get autoremove
The second command usually takes 10-15 minutes to complete.
Remembering my previous experience in Linux, I hastened to install the file manager Midnight Commander.
sudo apt-get install mc
Without it, navigating through the system folder structure with the "cd" command is slow and inconvenient.

To be on the safe side, a beginner should always have a quick reference guide to basic Unix commands at hand ...

Ctrl + C - exit an open console program (if no other keys are provided)
Shift + Ins - paste text into the console
Ctrl + Ins - copy the selected text from the console
sudo - comes before a command and runs it as root
- shutdown
sudo shutdown -h now - immediately shutdown the system and start the shutdown process
sudo shutdown -h 21:55 - system shutdown and shutdown at 21:55
sudo shutdown -h now - shutdown Raspberry Pi
sudo su - open command prompt as root
sudo -i - open command prompt as root
sudo cp - copy a file (with the -r switch, recursive copy)
sudo mv - move file
cat - output the contents of a file / files
cd - Go to the desired folder. For example cd / home / pi
chmod - change the rights to use the file; u (means the user who owns this file), g (group of files) and o (other users), as well as r (read), w (write), and x (execute)
chmod u + x - sets permission to the owner of the file to execute it
sudo chown pi: root - change the user and / or group of users who own this file, for example, the user to pi, and the group to root.
dir - will show the contents of the current folder
pwd - will show your current location
date - will show the time and date
cal - will show the calendar for the current month
cal -y - will show the calendar for the current year
wget - download a file to the current directory. For example wget http://mysite.com/myfile.deb
sudo apt-get update - will update the list of packages from the repository
sudo apt-get upgrade - will update installed packages
sudo apt-get install<название> - program installation<название>from Debian repository
sudo apt-get remove<название> - uninstalling the program<название>
info<название>-display of information about the program
apt-cache search<запрос> - search in the Debian-repository database for a program or utility with a description<запрос>
apt-cache search screen capture- search for programs to create screenshots
sudo apt-get install mc - install file manager Midnight Commander (Mc)
sudo apt-get install links - installation of the Links text browser
udo apt-get install scrot - installation of the utility for screenshots
scrot -d5 - create a screenshot after 5 seconds
sudo apt-get install synaptic - Install the Synaptic Package Manager
sudo apt-get install x11vnc - install VNC server
x11vnc -desktop: 0 - start a VNC server for remote control via a VNC client, for example realVNC (http://www.realvnc.com/download/viewer/)
top - start the task manager
sudo nano - edit a file
sudo nano /boot/config.txt - edit the Raspberry Pi startup settings file
ifconfig - utility for configuring network interfaces
iwconfig - View information about wireless devices
sudo iwlist wlan0 scan - Wi-Fi scan
cat / proc / cpuinfo - see information about the processor
cat / proc / meminfo - Displays detailed information about the Raspberry Pi memory
cat / proc / partitions - shows the size and number of partitions on your SD card or HDD
cat / sys / devices / system / cpu / cpu0 / cpufreq / sca ling_cur_freq- information about the frequency of the processor
<имя_программы>--help- displaying help for the program
vcgencmd measure_temp - Shows CPU temperature
free -o -h - will show how much free system memory is available
vcgencmd get_mem arm && vcgencmd get_mem gpu- will show the distribution of memory between the processor and GPU
lsusb - list of connected devices
mkdir newDir - create directory newDir
rmdir oldDir - remove empty oldDir directory
rm<имя_файла>- deleting a file / folder (with the -r switch, recursively deleting the contents of a folder)
& - runs a command in the background
curl - downloads a file either from the server or to it
grep "pattern" * .txt - search in files by mask and given pattern
ping<имя_сервера>- checking server availability
df -h - free and used disk space on connected devices
scp myfile.txt [email protected]: - copying the file myfile.txt to the device [email protected] via SSH to the / home / pi / folder
scp [email protected]: myfile.txt.- copying the file myfile.txt from the device [email protected] to the current folder via SSH
scp * .txt [email protected]: - copy all text files from device [email protected] to the current folder via SSH
dd if = / dev / sdd of = backup.img - create a backup image of an SD card or USB drive (/ dev / sdd)
dd if = / dev / sda of = / dev / sdb bs = 4096- byte-by-byte copying of data from device to device (dd if = / dev / zero of = / dev / sda bs = 4k - sda disk cleanup)
dd if = myfile of = myfile conv = ucase- converting the file to upper case
dd if = myfile of = myfile conv = lcase- converting the file to lower case
ls -l | dd conv = ucase - Convert command output to uppercase
apt-mark showauto> autopackagelist.txt- creating a list of preinstalled applications
apt-mark showmanual> manualpackagelist.txt- creating a list of manually installed applications