“Graphic image” - Z. Illustrative graphics Drawing using a computer based on the use of graphic editors. Monitor. Pseudographic printing on an iconic printing device in the form of a mosaic of symbols. Colored. Pixel. Design graphics Preparation of drawings in the process of designing technical structures.
"Computer Image" - Mapping night tone to day tone. Reconstruction of the head shape from photographs (3). IP -> CV -> CG. Scene reconstruction and photomontage. Reconstruction of the head shape from photographs. At the input and output of the image The simplest examples: changing the brightness, saturation, contrast of images. Organization of the course.
“Engineering graphics” - During the Renaissance, the laws of linear and aerial perspective were theoretically substantiated. Petrine reforms of the early 18th century. accelerated the development of graphic culture in Russia. The theoretical foundations of descriptive geometry are associated with the name of G. Monge (1746-1818). One of the first known works on engineering graphics was the treatise “10 Books on Architecture” by the Roman engineer Vitruvius (1st century BC).
“Raster images” - Encoding of raster graphic information in the decimal number system. RT: No. 39 (1), p. 31. Objective: 4. Insignificant zeros. Introduction to the principles of coding black-and-white and color raster images. 12. 11. Raster coding of graphic information. Types of computer graphics. 06/04/2012. 00001001.
“Types of computer graphics” - Types of computer graphics. Vector graphics are object-based. Raster. View – Scale – Custom – 800% View – Scale – Show Grid. Line. The simplest element is an equilateral triangle. Vector graphics. Smallest element. Triangle. Start – programs – standard – paint. Draw any picture in vector and raster form.
“Graphic files” - Butterfly.psd. Raster - raster. Raster – vector (tracing) Corel TRACE. Butterfly.tiff. Vector – raster (rasterization) Adobe Photoshop. Butterfly.doc. Graphic file formats. Vector formats -. Raster formats. Convert files from one format to another. Vector - vector.
There are 19 presentations in total
These two files (on the left and on the right (just a white background)) are BMP - pictures that have the same information volume!!! (the size of the file does not depend on the degree to which the picture is filled with objects, since each pixel is encoded in both pictures). BMP format BMP - (Windows Bitmap) was developed by Microsoft as compatible with all Windows applications. This is a “pure” raster format, where every pixel is encoded, therefore, of all raster formats, it is the “heaviest” (i.e., having the largest information volume). Advantages: high quality images Disadvantages: very large file size, which makes it very difficult or impossible to store and transfer, especially to the Internet Raster graphics formats
JPEG format JPEG - (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a raster file compressed in a special way (with loss of quality). JPEG looks for smooth color transitions by processing 8-pixel square blocks. Instead of actual values, JPEG stores the rate of change from pixel to pixel. He discards color information that, from his point of view, is poorly perceived by the human eye, averaging some values. The higher the compression level, the more data is discarded and the lower the quality. The format is hardware independent. Only the final version of the work should be saved in JPEG, because each resaving leads to more data loss (discarding) and turning the original image into mush. Advantages: high quality images with small file sizes (compressing images tens and hundreds of times). The most common format, used for storing photographs and posting full-color images on the Internet. Disadvantages: does not support image transparency, image blur occurs with a high degree of compression. Raster graphics formats
GIF format GIF - (Graphics Interchange Format) - created specifically for transferring images to the Internet by CompuServe. GIF can store images in indexed color mode (up to 256), i.e. By moving to the GIF format, we reduce the number of colors and file size (in cases where a simple picture does not require millions of colors). File compression is performed by replacing a sequence of identical characters with one multiplied by the number of repetitions (LZW algorithm). In addition, a GIF file can contain not one, but several raster images, which Internet browsers can load one after another with the frequency specified in the file. This is called GIF animation. Advantages: small file size, support for transparency and animation of drawings, the most popular format on the Internet (design of Web pages, banners). Disadvantages: the main limitation of using GIF is the small number of reproducible colors (up to 256). This is clearly not enough for printing. Raster graphics formats
Example of GIF animation: The picture contains 3 layers (frames), in each of which one of the colors is “lit”. GIF “can” show frames (layers) one by one, creating the effect of a traffic light switching. GIF allows you to save files using interlaced scanning. When using this method, the browser first shows every 8th line, then every 4th, every 2nd, and finally the full image is loaded. At the same time, a visitor to your page will be able to understand what is drawn in this picture without waiting for it to fully load, which is very convenient. An example of interlaced loading of a picture on the Web page Raster Graphics Formats
PSD format The PSD format is a standard format of the Adobe Photoshop package and differs from most conventional raster formats in its ability to store layers. The format supports alpha channels, layers, outlines, transparency, vector labels, etc. Perfect for transferring or storing images containing specific elements unique to Adobe Photoshop. The main disadvantage is that it is hardware dependent. Raster graphics formats
PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors.
Raster graphics formats TGA format TGA (Targa) is the name of the graphics adapter from Truevision, which was the first to use the TGA format. The format can store images with a color depth of up to 32 bits. Along with the standard three RGB channels, the TGA file has an additional alpha channel to represent information about the transparency of the image. Information may be compressed. The main advantage is that the format is used by software products of many well-known companies in the world of computer graphics.
TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most widespread and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is the best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3. x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and typesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, there is a gain in output time.
Let's summarize... the BMP format is very high-quality graphics, but a large file size; JPEG format – the most suitable for storing high-quality images and photographs, an acceptable ratio of quality and file size; The JPEG format is usually used for high-quality pictures containing thousands and millions of colors (up to 16.7 million shades); The convenience of using JPEG images is that by changing the quality of the image, you can control the degree of file compression; the browser is able to load JPEG images only linearly, from the top line to the bottom; The GIF format is best suited for images that contain a small number of different colors; Let's sum it up...
The interleaved GIF image first loads at a low resolution and then gradually improves in quality as the entire image appears. This way, the user can see the gist of the image before the entire image appears; One of the colors of GIF images can be made transparent so that the background color of the current browser window can be seen; The TIFF file format is used as a universal format for exchanging digital images; PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format is an alternative to the GIF format, but allows you to save millions of colors in an image; Let's sum it up...
Graphics optimization The meaning of graphics optimization is to reduce the information volume of a graphic file, especially for posting it on the Internet. Let us remember that the file size depends on the image size in pixels and color depth: Therefore, you can reduce the image volume (optimize) in the following ways: reducing the image size in pixels (A × B); reducing color depth I (using fewer colors); file compression (compression) using special methods, discarding part of the color information, using GIF formats. Graphics Optimization FILE SIZE (V) = A ×B ×I
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Slide 3
BMP format BMP - (Windows Bitmap) was developed by Microsoft as compatible with all Windows applications. This is a “pure” raster format, where every pixel is encoded, therefore, of all raster formats, it is the “heaviest” (i.e., having the largest information volume). Advantages: high quality images Disadvantages: very large file size, which makes it very difficult or impossible to store and transfer, especially on the Internet. These two files (left and right (just a white background)) are BMP - pictures that have the same information volume! !! (the size of the file does not depend on the degree to which the picture is filled with objects, since each pixel is encoded in both pictures). Raster graphics formats
Slide 4
JPEG format JPEG - (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a raster file compressed in a special way (with loss of quality). JPEG looks for smooth color transitions by processing 8-pixel square blocks. Instead of actual values, JPEG stores the rate of change from pixel to pixel. He discards color information that, from his point of view, is poorly perceived by the human eye, averaging some values. The higher the compression level, the more data is discarded and the lower the quality. The format is hardware independent. Only the final version of the work should be saved in JPEG, because each resaving leads to more data loss (discarding) and turning the original image into mush. Advantages: high quality images with small file sizes (compressing images tens and hundreds of times). The most common format, used for storing photographs and posting full-color images on the Internet. Disadvantages: does not support image transparency, image blur occurs with a high degree of compression. Raster graphics formats
Slide 5
GIF format GIF - (Graphics Interchange Format) - created specifically for transferring images to the Internet by CompuServe. GIF can store images in indexed color mode (up to 256), i.e. By moving to the GIF format, we reduce the number of colors and file size (in cases where a simple picture does not require millions of colors). File compression is performed by replacing a sequence of identical characters with one multiplied by the number of repetitions (LZW algorithm). In addition, a GIF file can contain not one, but several raster images, which Internet browsers can load one after another with the frequency specified in the file. This is called GIF animation. Advantages: small file size, support for transparency and animation of drawings, the most popular format on the Internet (design of Web pages, banners). Disadvantages: the main limitation of using GIF is the small number of reproducible colors (up to 256). This is clearly not enough for printing. Raster graphics formats
Slide 6
Example of GIF animation: The picture contains 3 layers (frames), in each of which one of the colors is “lit”. GIF “can” show frames (layers) one by one, creating the effect of a traffic light switching. GIF allows you to save files using interlaced scanning. When using this method, the browser first shows every 8th line, then every 4th, every 2nd, and finally the full image is loaded. At the same time, a visitor to your page will be able to understand what is drawn in this picture without waiting for it to fully load, which is very convenient. An example of interlaced loading of a picture on the Web page Raster Graphics Formats
Slide 7
PSD format The PSD format is a standard format of the Adobe Photoshop package and differs from most conventional raster formats in its ability to store layers. The format supports alpha channels, layers, outlines, transparency, vector labels, etc. Perfect for transferring or storing images containing specific elements unique to Adobe Photoshop. The main disadvantage is that it is hardware dependent. Raster graphics formats
Slide 8
PNG format This format, created specifically for use on the Internet to replace GIF, compresses graphic information without loss of quality. Unlike GIF, it compresses raster images not only horizontally, but also vertically, which provides a higher compression ratio. The color depth can be any, up to 48 bits (RGB, for comparison, is 24), and smoothly transitioning transparency is supported. The PNG file records gamma correction information. Gamma is a certain number that characterizes the dependence of the brightness of your monitor screen on the voltage on the electrodes of the kinescope. This number, read from the file, allows you to enter a brightness correction when displaying. It is needed so that a picture created on a Mac looks the same on a PC and on Silicon Graphics. Thus, this feature helps implement the main idea of WWW - the same display of information regardless of the user’s equipment. PNG files can be made by all major graphics editors Raster graphics formats
Slide 9
TGA format TGA (Targa) is the name of the graphics adapter from Truevision, which was the first to use the TGA format. The format can store images with a color depth of up to 32 bits. Along with the standard three RGB channels, the TGA file has an additional alpha channel to represent information about the transparency of the image. Information may be compressed. The main advantage is that the format is used by software products of many well-known companies in the world of computer graphics. Raster graphics formats
Slide 10
TIFF format TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - the hardware-independent TIFF format is one of the most widespread and reliable today; it is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh in one way or another related to graphics. TIFF is the best choice when importing raster graphics into vector programs and publishing systems. It has a full range of color models available from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional Pantone colors. TIFF can save Photoshop vectors, Alpha channels for creating masks in Adobe Premiere video clips, and a lot of other additional data. The biggest problems are usually caused by LZW compression, sometimes used in TIFF. A number of programs (for example, QuarkXPress 3.x and Adobe Streamline) cannot read such files; in addition, they may take longer to output to printers and phototypesetting machines. Only if the file is compressed 3-4 times, there is a gain in output time.
Slide 11
Let's summarize... the BMP format is very high-quality graphics, but a large file size; JPEG format – the most suitable for storing high-quality images and photographs, an acceptable ratio of quality and file size; The JPEG format is usually used for high-quality pictures containing thousands and millions of colors (up to 16.7 million shades); The convenience of using JPEG images is that by changing the quality of the image, you can control the degree of file compression; the browser is able to load JPEG images only linearly, from the top line to the bottom; The GIF format is best suited for images that contain a small number of different colors; Let's sum it up...
Slide 12
To sum it all up... the interleaved GIF image is loaded at low resolution at first, and then gradually improves in quality as the whole image appears. This way, the user can see the gist of the image before the entire image appears; One of the colors of GIF images can be made transparent so that the background color of the current browser window can be seen; The TIFF file format is used as a universal format for exchanging digital images; PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format is an alternative to the GIF format, but allows you to save millions of colors in an image; Let's sum it up...
Slide 13
Graphics optimization The meaning of graphics optimization is to reduce the information volume of a graphic file, especially for posting it on the Internet. Let us remember that the file size depends on the image size in pixels and color depth: Therefore, you can reduce the image volume (optimize) in the following ways: reducing the image size in pixels (A × B); reducing color depth I (using fewer colors); file compression (compression) using special methods, discarding part of the color information, using GIF formats. Graphics Optimization FILE SIZE (V) = A ×B ×I
Bit MaP image (BMP) is a universal raster graphics file format used in the Windows operating system.
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) - raster graphics file format, supported by all major graphics editors. Includes a lossless compression algorithm.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) - raster graphics file format. Includes a lossless compression algorithm. Recommended for storing images with a limited number of colors. Used to place graphics on Web pages on the Internet.
Portable Network Graphic (PNG) - a raster graphics file format similar to the GIF format. Recommended for placing graphics on Web pages on the Internet.
Graphic formats
Jointfiles Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) - a raster graphics file format that implements an effective compression algorithm (JPEG method) for scanned photographs and illustrations. The compression algorithm allows you to reduce the file size by tens of times, but leads to irreversible loss of some information. Used to place graphics on Web pages on the Internet.
Windows MetaFile (WMF) is a universal vector graphics file format for Windows applications. Used to store a collection of Microsoft Clip Gallery graphics.
Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) - vector graphic file format. Recommended for printing and creating illustrations in desktop publishing systems.
CorelDRaw files (CDR) - original vector format
Questions:
What is the difference between raster and vector graphics?
Determine the information volume of the file to store this image:
64 bits=8 bytes |
List the image properties that should be saved
in GIF format.
