What is the World Wide Web? n The World Wide Web is a global information space based on the physical infrastructure of the Internet and the HTTP data transfer protocol (from the English Hyper Text Transfer Protocol). n The word web and the abbreviation “WWW” are used to refer to the World Wide Web.
n. WWW provides the user with convenient access to most of the information archives on the Internet. A feature of this system is the mechanism of hypertext links, thanks to which the user can view materials in the order in which these links are selected.
History of the World Wide Web n Tim Berners-Lee is considered the inventor of the World Wide Web. In 1980 he worked as a software consultant for the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN). It was there, in Geneva, Switzerland, that he wrote for his own needs the Enquire program, which used random associations to store data and laid the conceptual foundation for the World Wide Web.
n In 1989, while working at CERN on the organization's internal network, Tim Berners-Lee proposed a global hypertext project now known as the World Wide Web. The project involved the publication of hypertext documents linked by hyperlinks, which would facilitate the search and consolidation of information for CERN scientists. To carry out the project by Tim Berners. Lee was invented by URIs, the HTTP protocol and the HTML language. These are technologies without which the modern Internet can no longer be imagined. n As part of the project, Berners-Lee wrote the world's first web server and the world's first hypertext web browser called World. Wide. Web ".
Search Engines n In the first months after the birth of the WWW, when the number of servers did not exceed several dozen, and the number of published WWW documents was several hundred, it was possible to "surf" the entire WWW web in two or three days and conduct an exhaustive search. , that is, find the information you need or make sure that it is not on the WWW at the moment. However, the colossal growth in the number of WWW-servers and the number of publications made the search for information by the "free floating" method a completely hopeless occupation. Fortunately, quite a few search engines have been developed to solve this problem.
All search engines can be conditionally divided into three groups: n directories (directories) of the Internet, n general search engines n specialized search engines
The Internet n directory is analogous to the subject index in the n n library: it allows you to find the most relevant WWW documents on a given topic. Examples of such systems are: Yahoo http: // www. yahoo. com / Magellan http: // www. mckinley. com / For example, if you are looking for something about optimal diets and dog food companies, you go to Yahoo at the above address and select the following sequence of categories from the hierarchical menu list: Business_and_Economy | Companies | Animals | Dogs | Food
General search engines n allow you to find documents on the WWW by keywords. n Currently, there are about ten general search engines. n Alta. Vista http: // altavista. digital. com / n Hot. Bot http: // www. hotbot. com / n Excite http: // www. excite. com /
Specialized search engines n allow you to find information located in other information "layers" of the Internet adjacent to the WWW, n Working with a search engine does not require the installation of any additional software on your computer. First, you need to load the start page of your chosen search engine into the viewer, just like any other WWW document. Further, if you are looking for information on one keyword, you can immediately enter it into the specially designated input field and send a request by clicking an on-screen button, usually called Search or Submit.
n The World Wide Web is made up of millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to the network and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data. In its simplest form, such a program receives an HTTP request for a specific resource over the network, finds the corresponding file on the local hard disk and sends it over the network to the requesting computer.
n To view the information received from the web server, a special program is used on the client computer - a web browser. The main function of a web browser is to display hypertext. The World Wide Web is inextricably linked with the concepts of hypertext and hyperlinks. Most of the information on the Web is hypertext. To facilitate the creation, storage and display of hypertext on the World Wide Web, HTML (Hyper. Text Markup Language), a hypertext markup language, is traditionally used. Work on hypertext markup is called typesetting, markup masters are called a webmaster or webmaster (without a hyphen).
n After the HTML markup, the resulting hypertext is placed into a file, such an HTML file is the most widespread resource on the World Wide Web. Once the HTML file is available to the web server, it is referred to as a “web page”. A collection of web pages forms a website.
n Hyperlinks are added to the hypertext of web pages. Hyperlinks help users of the World Wide Web to easily navigate between resources (files), regardless of whether the resources are located on a local computer or on a remote server.
Benefits: n The World Wide Web is superior to all available media today as a global media. This superiority is due to the following: n first, WWW resources are not limited in thematic diversity, they can contain a wide variety of information; n secondly, it is possible to provide a "download" of video films, musical compositions, performances, etc. into the home computer; n thirdly, software that organizes intercontinental games has already become widespread, allowing you to intervene in the plots of television programs, to create your own virtual world. And this means that the use of information via the Internet is gaining global interactivity.
Multimedia: n information includes not only text, but also 2D and 3D graphics, video and sound.
Ways of active display of information on the World Wide Web n Information on the web can be displayed both passively (that is, the user can only read it), and actively - then the user can add information and edit it.
The methods of actively displaying information on the World Wide Web include: n guest books, n forums, n chats, n blogs, n wiki projects, n content management systems. n It should be noted that this division is rather arbitrary. So, say, a blog or a guestbook can be viewed as a special case of a forum, which, in turn, is a special case of a content management system. Usually the difference is manifested in the purpose, approach and positioning of a particular product.
Organizations involved in the development of the World Wide Web and the Internet in general World Wide Web Consortium, W 3 C The Internet Engineering Task Force, IETF Internet Society, ISOC International Organization for Standardization, ISO n Web Standards Group, WSG n The Web Standards Project n Unicode Organization n The Semantic Web Community Portal nn
Leisure and hobbies n Despite the fact that the WWW was originally intended for "serious" purposes, at the moment the overwhelming part of the information available there belongs to the sphere of leisure and hobbies. Finding and posting your hobbies on the WWW is worthwhile. In this way, you will find many friends and like-minded people all over the world and establish a lot of useful personal contacts.
World Wide Web, World Wide Web, WWW, Web, Web are all names for the same service that was invented in 1991 and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer hypertext documents and other files from a Web server to clients.
The popularity of the WWW is due to the fact that it was the first way to get information of any kind from the Internet in an intuitive and beautiful way. At the moment, this technology has developed a lot and, perhaps, it has no competitors.
The working principle of WWW is as follows. The user runs a program that understands the HTT protocol and a special language in which WWW content is created. This program is called the "HTML page viewer", or in English - browser (browser). At the same time, HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is a "hypertext markup language", that is, the language with which hypertext is created. Next, the user types in the address of the www-server. The browser asks the server to return the document located at this address. The server is serving the document. The browser receives the document, processes it and, if it contains pictures, also asks the server to give them to it, like other materials in the document. This document is usually called a page, as well as a WEB-page, or HTML-page. After that, the browser processes all the received data and shows the finished page on your screen.
Some elements of the page (test, pictures, buttons) can be links. If you click on them, then your browser will send a request to the server indicated in the link to ask him for the document, which is also indicated in it. This way you can move from document to document, from server to server, which turns the entire Internet into one giant Network, linking documents and servers to each other with hyperlink threads. In addition, the page may contain places for entering some information and a link to a program on the server that should process this information. For example, you can enter your full name. and the address of the person and click the "Get phone" button.
Then your browser will send this data to the program on the server, which will process it (in this case, find a suitable phone) and return HTML pages with the processing result.
The vast majority of interactive WEB-pages and sites are built on this principle.
A site is a set of pages united under one domain name. For example: www.ipform.ru is a site, and www.ipform.ru/index.html is an HTML page /index.html on the site www.ipform.ru. The WWW itself is not very capable, but the use of programs that process user requests makes its possibilities enormous. Writing such programs, as well as creating beautiful, easy-to-use pages, is the work of web developers.
The structure and principles of the World Wide Web
Graphic representation of information on the World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is formed by millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to the network and uses the hard disk protocol and sends it over the network to the requesting computer. More sophisticated web servers are capable of dynamically allocating resources in response to an HTTP request. To identify resources (often files or their parts) on the World Wide Web, uniform resource identifiers are used in English. Uniform Resource Identifier). Uniform resource locators are used to locate resources on the network. Uniform Resource Locator). Such URL locators combine URI identification technology and the English domain name system. Domain Name System) - domain name (or directly. The main function of a web browser is displaying hypertext. The World Wide Web is inextricably linked with the concepts of hypertext and hyperlinks. Most of the information on the Web is precisely hypertext. To facilitate the creation, storage and display of hypertext on the World Wide Web is traditionally used English language HyperText Markup Language), hypertext markup language. Work on hypertext markup is called typesetting, a markup master is called a webmaster or a webmaster (without a hyphen). After HTML markup, the resulting hypertext is placed in a file, such an HTML file is the most widespread resource on the World Wide Web. Once the HTML file is available to the web server, it is referred to as a “web page”. A collection of web pages forms a website. Hyperlinks are added to the hypertext of web pages. Hyperlinks help users of the World Wide Web to easily navigate between resources (files), regardless of whether the resources are located on a local computer or on a remote server. Web hyperlinks are based on URL technology.
World Wide Web Technologies
In general, we can conclude that the World Wide Web is based on "three pillars": HTTP, HTML and URL. Although recently HTML has begun to lose ground and give way to more modern markup technologies: XML. XML (eng. eXtensible Markup Language) is positioned as a foundation for other markup languages. To improve the visual perception of the web, CSS technology has become widely used, which allows you to set uniform styles for multiple web pages. Another innovation worth paying attention to is the English resource designation system. Uniform Resource Name).
A popular concept for the development of the World Wide Web is the creation of the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is an add-on to the existing World Wide Web, which is designed to make information posted on the network more understandable for computers. The Semantic Web is a concept of a web in which every resource in human language would be provided with a description that a computer can understand.... The Semantic Web provides access to well-structured information for any application, regardless of platform and regardless of programming languages. Programs will be able to find the necessary resources themselves, process information, classify data, identify logical connections, draw conclusions and even make decisions based on these conclusions. If widely distributed and properly implemented, the Semantic Web can revolutionize the Internet. To create a computer-understandable description of a resource, the Semantic Web uses the RDF format (eng. Resource Description Framework ), which is based on the English syntax. RDF Schema) and English. Protocol And RDF Query Language ) (pronounced like "Sparkle"), a new query language for fast access to RDF data.
History of the World Wide Web
Tim Berners-Lee is considered to be the inventor of the World Wide Web, to a lesser extent, Robert Kayo. Tim Berners-Lee is the author of HTTP, URI / URL and HTML technologies. In the year he worked in fr. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, Geneva (Switzerland), he wrote the Enquire program for his own needs. "Inquire", loosely translated as "Investigator"), which used random associations to store data and laid the conceptual foundation for the World Wide Web.
There is also the popular concept of Web 2.0, which summarizes several directions of the development of the World Wide Web.
Ways to actively display information on the World Wide Web
Information on the web can be displayed both passively (that is, the user can only read it), and actively - then the user can add information and edit it. The methods of active display of information on the World Wide Web include:
It should be noted that this division is very arbitrary. So, say, a blog or a guestbook can be viewed as a special case of a forum, which, in turn, is a special case of a content management system. Usually the difference is manifested in the purpose, approach and positioning this or that product.
In part, information from sites can also be accessed through speech. In India, testing has already begun on a system that makes the text content of pages accessible even to people who cannot read or write.
Organizations involved in the development of the World Wide Web and the Internet in general
Links
- Berners-Lee's famous book "Weaving the Web: The Origins and Future of the World Wide Web" online in English
Literature
- Fielding, R .; Gettys, J .; Mogul, J.; Fristik, G .; Mazinter, L .; Leach, P .; Berners-Lee, T. (June 1999). " Hypertext Transfer Protocol - http: //1.1". Request For Comments 2616. Information Sciences Institute.
- Berners-Lee, Tim; Bray, Tim; Connolly, Dan; Cotton, Paul; Fielding, Roy; Jackle, Mario; Lilly, Chris; Mendelssohn, Noah; Orcard, David; Walsh, Norman; Williams, Stewart (December 15, 2004). " Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One". Version 20041215. W3C.
- Polo, Luciano World Wide Web Technology Architecture: A Conceptual Analysis. New Devices(2003). Retrieved July 31 2005.
Notes (edit)
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what the "World Wide Web" is in other dictionaries:
World-wide web
World wide web- Ne doit pas être confondu avec Internet. Le World Wide Web, litteralement la "toile (d'araignée) mondiale", communément appelé le Web, parfois la Toile ou le WWW, est un système hypertexte public fonctionnant sur Internet et qui ... Wikipédia en Français
World wide web- ˌWorld ˌWide ˈWeb written abbreviation WWW noun the World Wide Web COMPUTING a system that allows computer users to easily find information that is available on the Internet, by providing links from one document to other documents, and to files…… Financial and business terms
World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web (WWW) is the most popular and interesting service on the Internet, a popular and convenient means of working with information. The most common name for a computer on the Internet today is www, more than half of the Internet's data traffic comes from WWW. The number of WWW servers today cannot be estimated accurately, but according to some estimates there are more than 30 million. The growth rate of WWW is even higher than that of the Internet itself.
WWW is a worldwide repository of information in which information objects are linked by a hypertext structure. Hypertext is primarily a system of documents with cross-references, a way of presenting information using links between documents. Since the WWW system allows these documents to include not only text, but also graphics, sound and video, a hypertext document has become a hypermedia document.
A bit of WWW history. The World Wide Web (WWW) is one of the important components of the World Wide Web. And she has her own story.
It is interesting. Switzerland is home to the European Laboratory for the Study of Physical Particles (CERN). In 1980, a man named Tim Bernes-Lee, then working at Cerne, began developing a project for a global computer network that would provide physicists around the world with access to various information. It took nine years. In 1989, after many years of technical experimentation, Mr. Tim proposed a specific option, which was the beginning of the World Wide Web, or WWW for short.
Over time, many realized that such services could be used by different people, not just physicists. The WWW grew rapidly. Many people helped her with this: some developed hardware, others created software that developed the WWW, and others improved communication lines. All this allowed her to become what she is now - the "World Wide Web".
Principles of client and server operation. WWW works on the principle of client-server, more precisely, client-servers: there are many servers that, at the request of the client, return a hypermedia document - a document consisting of parts with various representations of information (text, sound, graphics, three-dimensional objects, etc.) ), in which each element can be a link to another document or part of it. Links in WWW documents are organized in such a way that every information resource on the global Internet is unambiguously addressed, and the document you are reading at the moment is capable of linking both to other documents on the same server and to documents (and, in general, to Internet resources ) on other computers on the Internet. Moreover, the user does not notice this and works with the entire information space of the Internet as a whole.
WWW links point not only to documents specific to the WWW itself, but also to other services and information resources of the Internet. Moreover, most WWW client programs (browsers, navigators) not only understand such links, but are also client programs for the corresponding services: FTP, gopher, Usenet news, e-mail, etc. Thus, the WWW software is universal for various Internet services, and the WWW information system itself plays an integrating role.
Let's list some of the terms used in the WWW.
The first term, html, is a set of control sequences of commands contained in an html document and defining the actions that the viewer (browser) must perform when loading this document. This means that each page is a regular text file containing text that is visible to everyone, and some instructions for the program, invisible to people in the form of links to other pages, images, servers. Thus, questionnaires, registration cards are filled in, sociological surveys are carried out.
The second term is URL (uniform resource locator). This is the name of the very links to information resources of the Internet.
Another term is http (hypertext transfer protocol). This is the name of the protocol over which the WWW client and server communicate.
WWW is a direct access service that requires a full-fledged Internet connection and, moreover, often requires fast communication lines if the documents you are reading contain a lot of graphics or other non-textual information.
The rapid development of the Internet, which began in the early 90s, is largely due to the emergence of the new WWW technology. This technology is based on the hypertext technology, which is widespread on all computers connected to the Internet.
When using hypertext technology, the text is structured and the words-links are highlighted in it. When the link is activated (for example, using the mouse), the transition to the text fragment specified in the link or to another document takes place. So, we could transform our text into hypertext by highlighting the words "hypertext technology" in the first paragraph and fixing that when this link is activated, there will be a transition to the beginning of the second paragraph.
WWW technology allows you to navigate not only within the original document, but also to any document located on this computer and, most importantly, to any document on any computer connected to the Internet at the moment. Documents implemented using WWW technology are called Web pages.
The structuring of documents and the creation of Web pages is carried out using the HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) language. The Word text editor allows you to save documents in the format of Web pages. Web browsing is carried out using special browser viewers. Currently, the most common browsers are Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Opera.
If your computer is connected to the Internet, you can download one of the browsers and go on a trip on the World Wide Web. First, you need to download a Web page from one of the Internet servers, then find the link and activate it. This will load a Web page from another Internet server, which may be located in a different part of the world. In turn, you can activate the link on this web page, the next web page will load, and so on.
The Internet is growing at a very fast pace, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to find the information you need among tens of millions of documents. To find information, special search engines are used, which contain accurate and constantly updated information about the content of tens of millions of Web pages.
Already today, the number of Internet users reaches 3.5 billion people, which is almost half of the world's population. And, of course, everyone knows that The World Wide Web has finally enveloped our planet... But until now, not everyone can say whether there is a difference between the concepts of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Oddly enough, many are absolutely sure that these are synonyms, but well-trained guys can give reasons that will diminish this confidence.
What is the Internet?
Without going into complex technical details, we can say that The Internet is a system that connects computer networks around the world... Computers are classified into two groups - clients and servers.
Clients are called ordinary user devices, which include personal computers, and laptops, and tablets, and, of course, smartphones. They send a request, receive and display information.
All information is stored by servers, which can be classified according to different purposes:
- web server,
- postage,
- chats,
- radio and television broadcasting systems,
- file sharing.
Servers are powerful computers that run continuously. In addition to storing information, they receive requests from customers and send the required response. At the same time, they process hundreds of such requests.
Also in our brief educational program it is necessary to mention it is worth mentioning internet providers that provide communication between the client and the server. A provider is an organization with its own Internet server to which all of its clients are connected. Providers provide communication via telephone cable, leased line or wireless network.
This is how you get to the Internet. Is it possible to do without a provider and connect directly to the Internet? Theoretically, you can! You will have to become your own provider and spend a huge amount of money to get to the central servers. So do not scold your Internet provider for high rates - these guys also need to pay for many things and spend money on equipment maintenance.
The World Wide Web has entangled the whole world
The World Wide Web, or simply the web - the "web". Actually it is represented by a huge number of linked pages. This link is provided by links through which you can jump from one page to another, even if it is located on another computer connected to.
The World Wide Web is the most popular and largest service on the Internet The World Wide Web uses special web servers for its work. They store web pages (you see one of them now). Pages linked by links, having a common theme, appearance, and usually located on the same server are called a website.
To view pages and documents of the web, special programs are used - browsers.
It is the World Wide Web that includes forums, blogs and social networks. But directly its work and existence is provided by the Internet ...
Is the difference big?
In fact, the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web is quite large. If the Internet is a huge network that connects millions of computers around the planet to share information, then the World Wide Web is just one way to exchange this information. In addition to ensuring the operation of the World Wide Web, the Internet allows you to use e-mail and various instant messengers, as well as transfer files via FTP,
The Internet is what connects numerous computer networks.
The World Wide Web is all pages that are stored on special servers on the Internet.
Conclusion
Now you know that the World Wide Web and the World Wide Web are different things. And most importantly, you will be able to show off your mind and explain to your friends what the difference is.
