| 7 classes | Lesson planning for the academic year (according to the textbook by N.D. Ugrinovich) | Final control work. Reserve
Lessons 34 - 35
Final control work. Reserve
Tasks with a selective answer:
1. The processor processes the information provided:
1.
in decimal number system
2.
in English
3.
in Russian
4.
in machine language (in binary)
2. If the sanitary and hygienic requirements of a computer are not observed, the following computer device may have a harmful effect on human health:
1.
Printer
2.
monitor
3.
system unit
4.
mouse
3. In order to preserve information, hard magnetic disks must be protected from:
1.
low temperature
2.
atmospheric pressure drops
3.
Sveta
4.
shock during installation
4. In order to preserve information, floppy magnetic disks must be protected from:
1.
low temperature
2.
magnetic fields
3.
Sveta
4.
atmospheric pressure drops
5. In order to preserve information, laser discs must be protected from:
1.
low temperature
2.
magnetic fields
3.
pollution
4.
Sveta
6. A computer program can control the operation of a computer if it is located:
1.
in RAM
2.
on floppy disk
3.
on CD
4.
on hard drive
7. File is:
1.
data in RAM
2.
programs or data on disk named
3.
program in memory
4.
printed text
8. When quick formatting a floppy disk:
1.
all data is erased
2.
disk defragmentation in progress
3.
disk surface is checked
4.
disk directory is being cleaned up
9. When fully formatting a floppy disk:
1.
all data is erased
2.
disk directory is being cleaned up
3.
disk becomes system
4.
disk defragmentation in progress
10. During disk defragmentation, each file is written:
1.
in odd sectors
2.
in arbitrary sectors
3.
mandatory in consecutive sectors
4.
in even sectors
11. When computers are turned off, all information is lost:
1.
on floppy disk
2.
on hard drive
3.
on CD
4.
in RAM
12. The system disk is required for:
1.
operating system boot
2.
storing important files
3.
file systematization
4.
computer virus treatment
13. During the loading of the operating system, the following occurs:
1.
copy operating system files from a floppy disk to a hard disk
2.
copy operating system files from CD to hard drive
3.
sequential loading of operating system files into RAM
4.
copying the contents of RAM to the hard drive
14. Driver is:
1.
computer device
2.
program that ensures the operation of the device
3.
programming language
4.
application program
15. The top of the hierarchical folder system of the Windows GUI is the folder:
1.
Desktop
2.
disk root directory
3.
My computer
4.
network environment
16. Raster graphic images are formed from:
1.
lines
2.
circles
3.
rectangles
4.
pixels
17. Vector graphics lend themselves well to scaling (resizing) because:
1.
high spatial resolution is used
2.
they are formed from graphic primitives (lines, circles, rectangles, etc.)
3.
they are made up of pixels
4.
a palette with a large number of colors is used.
Answers:
1-4 2-2 3-4 4-2 5-3 6-1 7-2 8-4 9-1 10-3 11-4 12-1 13-1 14-2 15-1 16-4 17-2electronic computing device for processing numbers;
a device for storing information of any kind;
multifunctional electronic device for working with information;
device for processing analog signals.
2. Computer performance (speed of operations) depends on:
monitor screen size
clock frequency of the processor;
supply voltage;
keystroke speed;
the amount of information being processed.
3. Processor clock speed is:
the number of binary operations performed by the processor per unit of time;
the number of cycles performed by the processor per unit of time;
the number of possible processor accesses to RAM per unit of time;
the speed of information exchange between the processor and the input / output device;
speed of information exchange between the processor and ROM.
4. The "mouse" manipulator is a device:
input of information;
modulation and demodulation;
reading information;
to connect the printer to a computer.
5. Read-only storage device is used for:
storing the user program during operation;
recordings of especially valuable application programs;
storage of constantly used programs;
storage of computer boot programs and testing of its nodes;
permanent storage of especially valuable documents.
6. For long-term storage of information is used:
RAM;
CPU;
magnetic disk;
drive.
7. Storing information on external media is different from storing information in RAM:
the fact that information can be stored on external media after the computer is turned off;
volume of information storage;
the possibility of protecting information;
ways to access stored information.
8. During the execution of the application program, the following is stored:
in video memory
in the processor
in RAM;
in ROM.
9. When the computer is turned off, the information is erased:
from RAM;
from ROM;
on a magnetic disk;
on CD.
10. A floppy drive is a device for:
processing commands of the executable program;
reading/writing data from external media;
storing commands of the executable program;
long-term storage of information.
11. To connect a computer to the telephone network, use:
modem;
plotter;
scanner;
Printer;
monitor.
12. Software control of computer operation involves:
the need to use the operating system for synchronous operation of hardware;
execution by the computer of a series of commands without user intervention;
binary encoding of data in a computer;
the use of special formulas for the implementation of commands in the computer.
13. File is:
an elementary information unit containing a sequence of bytes and having a unique name;
an object characterized by a name, value and type;
set of indexed variables;
set of facts and rules.
14. The file extension, as a rule, characterizes:
file creation time;
file size;
the space occupied by the file on the disk;
the type of information contained in the file;
the location where the file was created.
15. Full path to the file: c:\books\raskaz.txt. What is the name of the file?
books\raskaz;.
raskaz.txt;
books\raskaz.txt;
txt.
16. The operating system is -
a set of basic computer devices;
programming system in a low-level language;
software environment that defines the user interface;
a set of programs used for operations with documents;
programs for the destruction of computer viruses.
17. Programs for pairing computer devices are called:
loaders;
drivers;
translators;
interpreters;
compilers.
18. System diskette is required for:
for emergency boot of the operating system;
file systematization;
storing important files;
computer virus treatment.
19. Which device has the highest information exchange rate:
CD-ROM drive;
HDD;
floppy disk drive;
RAM;
processor registers?
2. There are 4 red and 28 black dice in a basket. How much information is conveyed by the message that the red cube was drawn?
3. When compiling the message, a 16-character alphabet was used. What will be the information volume of such a message if it contains 5120 characters?
4. The message takes 5 pages. Each page has 80 lines. Each line has 40 characters. Find the information volume of such a text if a 256-character alphabet was used in its compilation.
5. Express 32 MB in bits and 16 GB in bytes.
6. Solve the equation a) 4 GB=2^x bytes=2^y bits; b) 8^x KB=32 GB
7. The modem transmits data at a rate of 7680 bps. The transfer of the text file took 1.5 minutes. Determine how many pages the transmitted text contained if it is known to be in 16-bit Unicode and there are 400 characters per page.
8. What code format is applicable for encoding an alphabet in which there are 299 characters?
9. An alphabet is given ( # D W K J % * + = > $ @ & ; ). Encode it in the smallest possible byte format.
10. Some device transmits one of seven signals per second. How many different 3s messages can be sent using this device?
(1. 5,2 . 10,3. 15,4 . 20).
3. How is the decimal number 8 10 written in the octal number system (X 8)? Make a translation of the code.
(1. 101 2 . 83. 10 4 . 11115 . 1A)
4. What will be the value of variable A after executing the ASSIGNMENT command? Perform calculations.
B=A + 5
A = A + B
(1 . 15,2 . 10,3. 20, 4 . Will not change).
5. A variable in programming is considered to be fully specified if it is known ...
(1. name, type 2 . name, value 3. type, value 4 . type, name, value).
6. In the process of editing TEXT, changes ...
(1. Font size 2 .paragraph options 3. character sequence 4 . page settings).
7. The palette in the graphics editor is ...
(1. line, circle, rectangle 2 . select, copy, paste
3. pencil, brush 4 . color set).
7. What is the most common EXTENSION in the name of TEXT files?
(1 . *. EXE 2 .*.bmp 3. *.com 4. *. txt).
8. In a text editor, when setting page parameters, ...
(1. size, style 2 . indent, spacing 3. fields, orientation 4 . style, pattern)
(1. font size, 2 . file type, 3. paragraph options, 4 . page sizes, 5 . File name).
10. What is one megabyte (1 MB)? Perform unit conversion.
(1. 1,000,000 bits 2 . 1,000,000 bytes 3. 1024 KB, 4 . 1024 bytes 5 . 1000 KB).
11. Writing and reading information in floppy drives is carried out using ...
(1 . magnetic head, 2 . laser, 3. thermoelement, 4 .touch sensor).
12. What is one Kilobyte (1 Kb)? Perform unit conversion.
(1. 2 10 bytes 2 . 10 3 bytes 3. 1000 bits 4 . 1000 bytes 5 . 2 8 bits).
13. The full path to the file C:\DOC\PROBA.TXT is set
What is the name of the directory where the PROBA.TXT file is located?
(1. DOC2 . PROBA.TXT 3. C:\DOC\PROBA.TXT 4 . TXT 5 . txt).
14. How is the decimal number 3 10 written in the binary number system (X 2)?
(1. 002 . 10 3. 014 . 115 . 100).
In order to preserve information, optical (laser) CDs and DVDs must be protected from;
(1 . lowering the temperature 2 . magnetic fields, 3. Sveta, 4 . pollution).
16. Calculate the sum of the numbers 11 2 + 11 8 + 11 10 = X 10
(1. 232 . 303. 334 . 24).
17. The processor processes information ...
(1. in decimal number system, 2 . in the binary system,
3. in Basic language 4 . in text form).
18. In a text editor, the main parameters when setting a font are ...
(1. size, style, 2 . indent, spacing, 3. fields, orientation,
4 . style, pattern, 5 . underlining, color).
19. The value of a boolean variable can be:
(1 . any number 2 . any text, 3. true or false, 4 . table).
20. Amount of information (calculate), which is required for binary encoding of a color pattern (256 colors) with a size of 10X10 pixels, is equal to ...
(1. 100 bits 2 . 100 bytes 3. 800 bits 4 . 800 bytes 5 . 1024 bits).
21. Information capacity of CD-ROMs can reach…
(1. 650 MB 2 . 1MB, 3. 1GB, 4 . 640 KB 5 . 5 MB).
22. In spreadsheets (Excel), the CELL NAME is formed ...
(1. from the column name, 2 . from the string name, 3. from the column and row name,
4 . arbitrarily, 5 . from the row and column names).
23. Computer performance (speed of operations) depends on ...
(1 . display screen size, 2 . cpu frequency, 3. supply voltage,
4 .keystroke speed, 5 . the strength of the electric current in the wires).
24. Which device can have a harmful effect on human health?
(1. Printer, 2 . monitor, 3. system unit, 4 . modem, 5 . scanner).
25. A file is...
(1. unit Of Information, 2 . program in RAM 3. printed text, 4 . program or data on disk).
26. What does the ASSIGN command change?
(1. variable value ,2 . variable name, 3. variable type, 4 . algorithm type).
27. In spreadsheets (Excel), by dragging the "mouse" a group of cells A1: B3 is selected. How many cells are in this group?
(1 .6,2 . 5,3. 4, 4 . 3,5 . 2).
28. A modem transmitting information at a speed of 28800 bits per second can transmit two pages of text with a volume of 3600 bytes within ...
(1. 1 second 2 . 1 minute 3. 1 hour 4 . 1 day 5 . 5.6 minutes).
29. Which of the documents is an ALGORITHM (the procedure is followed)?
(1. safety regulations, 2 .instruction for withdrawing money from an ATM, 3. timetable, 4 . class list, 5 . payroll sheet).
30. A variable in programming is considered to be fully specified if it is known ...
(1 . type and name ,2 . name and meaning 3. type and value 4 . name, type, and value).
31. Which command is not available on the FILE menu of a text editor?
(1 .page numbers.. 2 . create 3. open,
4 . page settings 5 . preview).
32. When you turn off the computer, all information is erased ...
(1. on a floppy disk 2 . on CD-ROM, 3. on the hard drive 4 . in RAM).
33. In what direction from the monitor screen is the harmful radiation maximum?
(1. forward from the screen ,2 . down from the screen 3. from the screen back 4 . from the screen up).
34. The FIELD type (numeric, text, etc.) of spreadsheet data (Excel) is determined by…
(1. field name, 2 . field width, 3. the number of lines 4 . data type).
35. What line will the Pentium II record occupy after SORTING in ascending order in the Winchester field?
| A computer | RAM | Winchester | |
| Pentium | 2 GB | ||
| 386DX | 300Mb | ||
| 486DX | 800Mb | ||
| Pentium II | 4GB |
(1 . 1,2 .2,3. 3, 4 . 4).
36. Which of the objects can be a CONTRACTOR (performs instructions)?
(1. moon, 2 . map, 3. Printer, 4 . book).
37. In a text editor, the COPY operation is possible after ...
(1. setting the cursor to a certain position, 2 . save file, 3. file printouts, 4 . highlighting a piece of text 5 . removing unnecessary characters in the text).
38. In order to preserve information, CD-ROMs must be protected from ...
(1. cold, 2 . pollution, 3. magnetic fields, 4 . changes in atmospheric pressure).
39 . .The main element of the spreadsheet is…
(1 .cell, 2 . line, 3. column, 4 . table).
40.Raster graphic file contains a black and white image with 2 shades of gray. Picture size 10 X 10 points. Calculate the information volume of this file.
(1. 400 bits, 2.100 bits, 3. 100 bytes, 4. 400 bytes)
41. A modem that transmits information at a speed of 28800 bits per second can transmit in 1 second (calculate)….
(1. Two pages of text (3600 bytes), 2. Drawing (36 kb),
3. Audio file (360 KB), 4. Video file (3.6 MB).)
42. E-mail allows you to send ... ..
(1. messages only, 2. files only, 3. video images,
4. messages and attachments)
43. An e-mail address on the Internet is set: [email protected] mtu-net.ru
What is the name of the owner of this email address?
(1.ru, 2. User name, 3. mtu-net.ru, 4. mtu-net)
44. The result of calculations in cell C1 will be:
(1. 4 , 2. 3 3. 2 , 4.1 )
47. An information (sign) model is:
(1. anatomical model, 2. building model, 3. ship model, 4. chemical formula.)
48. Which scheme is valid for the logical function F(A,B) =
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A floppy disk (English floppydisk) or a floppy disk is a small amount of information carrier, which is a flexible plastic disk in a protective (plastic) shell. Used to transfer data from one computer to another and to distribute software.
In the center of the floppy disk there is a device for gripping and rotating the disk inside the plastic case. A floppy disk is inserted into a disk drive that rotates the disk at a constant angular velocity.
In this case, the magnetic head of the drive is installed on a certain concentric track of the disk, on which the recording is made or from which the information is read. The information capacity of a modern floppy disk is small and amounts to only 1.44 MB. The speed of writing and reading information is also low (only about 50 KB / s) due to the slow rotation of the disk (360 rpm).
In order to preserve information, floppy magnetic disks must be protected from strong magnetic fields (for example, do not put a mobile phone next to a floppy disk) and heat, since such physical influences can lead to demagnetization of the media and loss of information.
Currently, floppy disks with the following characteristics are most widely used: diameter 3.5 inches (89 mm), capacity 1.44 MB, number of tracks 80, number of sectors on tracks 18 (Diskettes with a diameter of 5.25 "are now used very rarely, so their capacity does not exceed 1.2 MB, and besides, they are made of less durable material). up to a speed of 360 per minute. The diskette itself rotates in the drive, the magnetic heads remain stationary. The diskette rotates only when it is accessed. The drive is connected to the processor through the floppy disk controller.
Recently, three-inch floppy disks have appeared that can store up to 3 GB of information. They are made using the new Nano2 technology and require special hardware for reading and writing, which is not yet included in the standard package when buying a PC.
Floppy device
Floppy disks vary in size and capacity. By size, the division is made into floppy disks with a diameter of 5.25 "(," - the sign of an inch) and floppy disks with a diameter of 3.5". In terms of capacity - on double density floppy disks (in English doubledensity, abbreviation - DD) and high density (highdensity, abbreviation - HD).
A 5.25” floppy disk consists of a protective plastic sleeve with a magnetically coated plastic disk inside. This disk is thin and bends easily, which is why floppy disks are called floppy disks. Of course, you cannot bend a floppy disk, and this is prevented by a protective envelope. The floppy disk has two holes - a large one in the center and a small one next to it. The large hole is for rotating the magnetic coated disc inside the envelope. This is done by a motor inside the drive. The inside of the protective envelope is covered with lint, which collects dust from the magnetic disk as it rotates. The small hole is used to count the revolutions of the disk inside the disk drive. The envelope has a longitudinal slit on both sides, through which a disc with a magnetic coating is visible. Through this slot, the magnetic head inside the drive touches the drive and writes or reads data from it. Data is written to both sides of the disc. Never touch the surface of the magnetic disk with your fingers! By doing this, you can ruin it by scratching or greasy. If you turn the floppy disk with the slot facing you, label side up, you will see a small rectangular cutout on the top right side of the envelope. If you seal it with pieces of sticky paper (usually sold with floppy disks), then the disk will be write-protected. Usually this notch should be free, it should be sealed only on floppy disks with important data.
The device of a 3.5” floppy disk is slightly different. Its protective sleeve is made of hard plastic, so it is more difficult to bend or break such a floppy disk. The magnetic disk is not visible because there are no open holes. There is a slot for the magnetic head to access the disk surface, but it is covered with a latch. The latch is held closed by a spring. It is not necessary to open it with your hands in order to avoid damage to the magnetic disk. Inside the drive, the latch opens automatically. The floppy disk has a small latch for write protection. You will see it at the top left of the floppy sleeve if you hold the floppy disk with the large latch facing you, label side down. The down position for the write latch is normal, in this state the floppy disk is not write-protected. To disable writing data to the floppy, slide this latch up, which will open a small square hole in the floppy.
How to write to floppy disk
The method of recording binary information on a magnetic medium is called magnetic coding. It lies in the fact that the magnetic domains in the medium line up along the tracks in the direction of the applied magnetic field with their north and south poles. Usually, a one-to-one correspondence is established between binary information and the orientation of magnetic domains.
Information is recorded along concentric tracks (tracks), which are divided into sectors. The number of tracks and sectors depends on the type and format of the diskette. A sector stores the minimum piece of information that can be written to disk or read. The sector capacity is constant and is 512 bytes.
magnetic disk drive
The main function of the computer's external memory is the ability to store a large amount of information (programs, documents, audio and video clips, etc.) for a long time. A device that provides writing / reading information is called a drive or a drive, and information is stored on media (for example, floppy disks).
In floppy disk drives (NGMD or floppy disks) and hard disk drives (HDD or hard drives), the basis for recording, storing and reading information is the magnetic principle, and in laser disk drives - the optical principle.
Flexible magnetic disks.
Flexible magnetic disks are placed in a plastic case. This storage medium is called a floppy disk. A floppy disk is inserted into a disk drive that rotates the disk at a constant angular velocity. The magnetic head of the drive is installed on a certain concentric track of the disk, on which information is written (or read).
The information capacity of a floppy disk is small and amounts to only 1.44 MB. The speed of writing and reading information is also low (about 50 KB / s) due to the slow rotation of the disk (360 rpm).
In order to preserve information, floppy magnetic disks should be protected from strong magnetic fields and heat, as this can lead to demagnetization of the media and loss of information.
Hard magnetic disks.
Hard disk (HDD - Hard Disk Drive) refers to non-replaceable disk magnetic drives. The first hard drive was developed by IBM in 1973 and had a capacity of 16 KB.
Hard magnetic disks are several tens of disks placed on the same axis, enclosed in a metal case and rotating at a high angular velocity. Due to the many tracks on each side of the disks and a large number of disks, the information capacity of hard drives can exceed the information capacity of floppy disks by tens of thousands of times and reach hundreds of GB. The speed of writing and reading information from hard disks is quite high (about 133 MB / s) due to the fast rotation of disks (7200 rpm).
A hard drive is often referred to as a hard drive. There is a legend explaining why hard drives have such a fancy name. The first hard drive, released in America in the early 70s, had a capacity of 30 MB of information on each work surface. At the same time, the magazine rifle of O. F. Winchester, widely known in the same America, had a caliber of 0.30; maybe the first hard drive rumbled during its work like an automatic machine or it smelled of gunpowder - it’s not clear, but since then hard drives have been called hard drives.
Failures occur during the operation of the computer. Viruses, power outages, software errors - all this can cause damage to the information stored on your hard drive. Damage to information does not always mean loss of it, so it is useful to know how it is stored on the hard drive, because then it can be restored. Then, for example, if the boot area is damaged by a virus, it is not at all necessary to format the entire disk (!), but, after restoring the damaged area, continue normal work with the preservation of all your priceless data.
Hard disks use rather fragile and miniature elements. To preserve the information and performance of hard drives, it is necessary to protect them from shocks and sudden changes in spatial orientation during operation.
Laser drives and disks.
In the early 80s, the Dutch company Philips announced a revolution in the field of sound reproduction. Its engineers came up with something that is now very popular - These are laser discs and players.
Over the past few years, computer compact disc (CD) readers, called CD-ROMs, have become an almost indispensable part of any computer. This happened because a variety of software products began to take up a significant amount of space, and supplying them on floppy disks turned out to be prohibitively expensive and unreliable. Therefore, they began to be supplied on CD (the same as regular music).
Laser disk drives use the optical principle of reading information. On CD (CD - Compact Disk, compact disc) and DVD (DVD - Digital Video Disk, digital video disc) laser discs, information is recorded on one spiral track (like on a gramophone record) containing alternating sections with different reflectivity. The laser beam falls on the surface of a rotating disk, and the intensity of the reflected beam depends on the reflectivity of the track section and acquires the values 0 or 1. To preserve information, laser disks must be protected from mechanical damage (scratches), as well as from contamination. Laserdiscs store information that was recorded on them during the manufacturing process. Writing new information to them is not possible. Such discs are produced by stamping. There are CD-R and DVD-R discs that can only be written to once. On CD-RW and DVD-RW discs, information can be written/overwritten multiple times. Disks of different types can be distinguished not only by marking, but also by the color of the reflective surface.
Recording to CDs and DVDs using regular CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs is not possible. This requires CD-RW and DVD-RW devices that can be read-write-once and read-write-overwrite. These devices have a sufficiently powerful laser that allows you to change the reflectivity of surface areas during the recording of the disc. The information capacity of a CD-ROM reaches 700 MB, and the speed of reading information (up to 7.8 MB/s) depends on the disk rotation speed. DVDs have a much larger information capacity (single-layer single-sided disc - 4.7 GB) compared to CDs, because. lasers with a shorter wavelength are used, which allows you to place optical tracks more densely. There are also double-layer DVDs and double-sided DVDs. Reading speeds of 16-speed DVD drives are currently up to 21 MB/s.
Flash based devices.
Flash memory is a non-volatile type of memory that allows data to be written and stored on chips. Devices based on flash-memory have no moving parts, which ensures high data safety when used in mobile devices.
Flash memory is a microchip placed in a miniature package. To write or read information, the drives are connected to a computer via a USB port. The information capacity of memory cards reaches 1024 MB.
|
Media type |
Media capacity |
Transfer rate (MB/s) |
Hazardous effects |
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Magnetic fields, heating, physical impact |
|||
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hundreds of GB |
Impacts, change of spatial orientation in the course of work |
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650-800MB |
scratches, dirt |
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up to 17GB | |||
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Flash based devices |
up to 1024 MB |
USB 1.0 - 1.5 USB 1.1 - 12 USB 2.0 - 480 |
Supply overvoltage |
