Key features of Adobe Photoshop. Create and open a document

30.05.2019 Advice

As promised, today we are talking about such a wonderful graphics editor like Adobe Photoshop. Photoshop - almost everyone used it. Nevertheless, in order to really master this program, in addition to brains, you will need time and perseverance, because there are so many opportunities. Meet - Photoshop, the most versatile graphic editor.

Adobe Photoshop by far the most popular image manipulation software. It was originally created to work in the field of printing and preparing images for printing. Now it is actively used in the following areas:

Web design
Cinematography
Television
Design
Drawing
Polygraphy
CG-art

Photoshop was originally a raster graphics editor, now it provides a lot of possibilities for working with both raster and vector graphics. Despite its broad capabilities, the program is closely related to other image processing tools. There is a whole line of products - Adobe Illustrator, Adobe After Effects, Adobe Premiere. It also interacts with programs of other developers.

History of the creation of Adobe Photoshop

The founding father of Photoshop is Thomas Knoll. As a student at the University of Michigan, this "bright head" in 1987 developed a prototype program called "Display". Success was not long in coming, and a year later Adobe Systems bought out the rights to the program. Noll was left as a developer, and Adobe Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990.

System requirements

The latest version of the program is Adobe Photoshop CC (2015.5.0), released in 2016. To install it on your machine, you need a processor with a clock speed of at least 2.2 GHz, at least 2 Gigabytes of RAM (recommended 8 GB), at least 2.1 Gigabytes of free hard disk space. The screen resolution must be at least 1024x768 (recommended - 1280x800). Photoshop is released for Mac OS X and Windows platforms.

The latest versions of Photoshop have a simpler and more intuitive interface in addition to the added features and improved capabilities. Starting with version CS4, it is possible to work with 3D files.

The program also provides work with video. Photoshop is a popular GIF animation tool.

What image formats does Photoshop work with?

As we said, Photoshop was originally a bitmap processing tool. Currently the program supports most raster formats (JPEG, TIFF, BMP, PCX, PSD), as well as some vector image formats (WMF). At the same time, the basic Photoshop format (PSD) is compatible with many other graphic editors. FSH supports such color models as RGB, LAB, Duotone, Multichannel, CMYK.

There are extended versions of the program that work with 3D files of the U3D, 3DS, OBJ, KMZ and DAE formats, as well as with the most common video formats.

Features of Adobe Photoshop

Program functions photoshop is truly diverse . Photoshop is both a powerful darkroom and digital imaging tool. With a set of basic tools such as Paintbrush, Airbrush, Pen and Pencil, you can draw and paint images. All of these tools provide the ability to adjust a number of parameters: stroke width, edge blur, hardness and softness.

When working with images, FS makes it possible to work with layers. You can create montages and collages from multiple images, editing each as a separate, independent layer.

Adobe Photoshop interface

Let's take a quick look at the main functionality. As you can see, on the right is the toolbar, on the left is the palette area, on top is the control panel, just below is the options panel, and in the middle is the workspace.

Control Panel provides access to main menu commands and interface control. Toolbar contains all the tools that can be used to edit the image. Parameters panel displays which tool is currently selected for work. The palette area contains all the tools for manipulating the image. For those who want to seriously navigate the program, we advise you to take a textbook and gradually study what this or that command is needed for.

Cons of the programAdobe Photoshop

The disadvantages of FS include the difficulty of mastering it for a novice user, the high cost of the product. Also note that Photoshop is not supported by Linux OS. Such negative aspects are quite relative, so despite this, FSH remains the leader in the graphics editors market.

Here are some examples of the possibilities of Photoshop. In the right hands, this program just works wonders. From editing ready-made photos to creating complex images from scratch. For example, retouching a photo in Photoshop. It was - it is. A few manipulations - and the result is obvious.

And here is the processing of a studio photo, carried out with the help of FS.

If you have a rich imagination, Photoshop will become an excellent assistant in the embodiment of the most daring ideas. Take, for example, the delightful work of photographer Eric Johansson. What do you think, with the help of what he creates his masterpieces? Of course, primarily through imagination. But what would the implementation of these ideas look like if it were not in the world of Photoshop?

Adobe Photoshop from scratch to god

After we got acquainted with the interface, many will ask, where to start studying the program itself? Photoshop luminaries advise: move from simple to complex. Start by learning the basic functions of Photoshop, and be consistent in learning them.

And finally, dear friends, advice from our experienced authors for all occasions: fewer words, more action. It doesn't matter if you want to master Adobe Photoshop from scratch, dream of learning how to play the guitar, or want to be the god of quantum mechanics - go ahead and do it instead of daydreaming. This is the only way to achieve the result. Do and remember that highly qualified specialists in their fields are ready to provide you with quality assistance in any field of knowledge.

Find out what's new in the latest version of Photoshop.

Photoshop version 2018 (20.0) introduces useful new features for designers, digital photographers and illustrators. This section provides a brief description of these features and links to more information.

Note.

Starting with the October 2018 release of Photoshop (version 20.0), 32-bit versions of Windows are no longer supported. Use earlier versions of Photoshop to work with 32-bit drivers and plug-ins. Links to previous versions of installers and updates.
With new function Automatic update Creative Cloud apps now automatically install available updates. You can manage update settings using the Creative Cloud desktop app. .
If you're upgrading from an earlier version of Photoshop, see special instructions and advice.

Easily mask images by placing them in frames. Use the Frame Tool (K) to quickly create rectangular or oval placeholders. You can also turn any shape or text into frames and fill them with images.

To frame an image, simply drag and drop an Adobe Stock asset or library asset from the Libraries panel or from your local drive. The image is automatically scaled to fit the frame. Content that fits within frames is always added as smart objects, allowing for reversible scaling.

Improved Content-Aware Fill

The new dedicated Content-Aware Fill workspace provides interactive editing for the perfect fill. You can now choose which source pixels to use and then rotate, scale, and flip using Adobe Sensei technology. It also supports full-resolution preview of the changes while you work and saving the results to a new layer.

Launching the Content-Aware Fill workspace

Open the image in Photoshop. Using any selection tool, create the initial area you want to fill.
On the menu bar, select Edit> Content-Aware Fill.

The default sample area is displayed in the document window within this workspace. It looks like a superimposed mask inside the image. You can change the sample area and the source area for pouring using the tools in the "Tools" panel (on the left side of the screen). In the Content-Aware Fill panel (on the right side of the screen), you can specify sample area settings, fill and output settings to obtain the desired fill result. As you make changes, the final result will immediately appear in the Preview panel at full resolution.

New Multiple Undo Mode

You can now use the keyboard shortcuts Control + Z (Win) / Command + Z (Mac) to undo multiple actions in a Photoshop document, just like in other Creative Cloud applications. The new multiple undo mode is enabled by default.

When Multiple Undo is on, the Edit menu displays the following commands:

Undo: Moves one step back through the undo chain. Use the keyboard shortcuts: Control + Z (Win) / Command + Z (Mac).
Redo: Moves one step forward. Use the keyboard shortcuts: Shift + Control + Z (Win) / Shift + Command + Z (Mac).
Toggle last state works in the same way as in the previous mode. Use the keyboard shortcuts: Alt + Z (Win) / Command + Z (Mac).

How do I revert to obsolete undo keyboard shortcuts?

(Photoshop)

To revert to legacy undo mode in Photoshop, do the following.

On the menu bar, select Editing> Keyboard Shortcuts.
In the dialog box Keyboard shortcuts and menus select and click OK.
Restart Photoshop.

(Adobe Camera Raw)

To revert to legacy undo mode in Adobe Camera Raw:

On the Photoshop menu bar, choose Editing> Preferences> File Handling.
In chapter File Compatibility click Camera Raw Preferences.
In the Camera Raw Settings dialog box, select the Use legacy undo keyboard shortcuts and click OK.
Restart Photoshop.

In the Edit menu, next to the Undo and Redo commands, the name of the step that will be undone is also displayed.
For example, Editing> Undo Editing Text.

The Step Forward and Step Backward commands have been removed from the Edit menu. These commands are still available from the sub-drop-down menu in the History panel. In addition, you can now undo layer visibility changes by default. Clicking the visibility icon in the Layers panel creates a state in the History panel. This behavior can be changed using the parameter Turn on undo to change the visibility of layers in the dialog box History panel options, which can be opened using the additional drop-down menu in the History panel.

Usability improvements

Checkpoint is hidden by default

By transforming objects, you can now easily move them around on the canvas. The control point, which used to appear when transforming objects, is now hidden by default. You can check the box Toggle checkpoint in the Options panel if you want to display a breakpoint.

You can now double-click a text layer with the Move tool to quickly start editing the text in your document. Now you no longer need to switch tools to edit text.

Autoapplication

Crop, transform, and place or type efficiently with auto-apply. You no longer need to press Enter (Windows) / RETURN (macOS) or click the Apply button in the Options bar to apply changes.

While cropping or transforming, do one of the following to automatically apply the changes.

Select a new tool.
Click an area outside the canvas in the document window.
Click outside the bounding box on the canvas.

When entering text on a text layer, do any of the following to automatically apply your changes.

Select a new tool.
Click a layer in the Layers panel. (This action automatically applies the changes and selects the layer.)

Default proportional transform

Photoshop now transforms most layer types (including Pixel Layers, Text Layers, Shape Layers, Bitmaps, Placed Smart Objects) proportionally by default. Shapes and paths that are vectors are still transformed by default without preserving proportions.

Now, to maintain the proportions of the layer while transforming, you no longer need to hold down the Shift key while dragging a corner handle to resize the selected layer. Dragging a corner handle while transforming will always resize the layer proportionally. Now holding down the Shift key while dragging a corner handle while transforming results in disproportionate resizing.

To resize a layer proportionally when transforming:

Select the layers you want to resize in the Layers panel.
Press Command + T (Mac) / Control + T (Win). Or choose Editing> Free Transform.
Drag a corner handle on the bounding box to resize the layer.
Apply changes.

How can I turn off the default proportional scaling when transforming layers?

To revert to the previous behavior of the transform function, do the following.

Use Notepad (Windows) or a text editor on Mac OS to create a plain text file (TXT).
Enter the following text into a text file:
TransformProportionalScale 0
(Windows) Save the file as " PSUserConfig.txt"to the Photoshop options folder . [Installation Drive]: \ Users \ [Username] \ AppData \ Roaming \ Adobe \ Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 \ Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 Settings \
(macOS) Do the following.
1. Save the file as " PSUserConfig.txt" on the desktop.
2. Press the Control key and click the PSUserConfig.txt file saved on the desktop. Choose Copy from the pop-up menu.
3. In Finder select Go> Go to Folder... In the Go To Folder dialog box, enter ~ / Library / Preferences / Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 Settings /
4. Paste the copied file to this location.
Restart Photoshop.

Prevent accidental movement of panels thanks to the work environment lock function

Use the new parameter Lock the work environment to prevent accidental movement of workspace panels, particularly when working in Photoshop on a pen tablet. To access this option, select Window> Workspace> Lock Workspace.

You can now scroll through the different blend mode options to see how they look in the image. Photoshop shows a real-time preview of the blend modes on the canvas as you scroll through the different blend mode options in the Layers panel and in the Layer Style dialog box.

Scroll through the blend mode options in the Layers panel.

Symmetry mode

Brush strokes for a perfectly symmetrical pattern. With the Paint Brush, Mixer Brush, Pencil, or Eraser tools, click the Butterfly icon () in the Options panel. Choose one of the available symmetry types: Vertical, Horizontal, Dual Axis, Diagonal, Wavy, Circular, Spiral, Parallel Lines, Radial or Mandala... As you paint, strokes are reflected in real time along the axis of symmetry, allowing you to create intricate, symmetrical patterns.

A pattern created using Mandala symmetry. (Designed by Mike Shaw.)

Color wheel for choosing colors

Use the color wheel to visualize the color spectrum and quickly select colors based on harmonies such as complementary and similar colors. From the additional drop-down menu in the Color panel, choose Color Wheel.

Home screen

You can quickly get started with Photoshop from the Home screen. Go to the home screen to learn about new features, connect to learning resources, and quickly return to open documents. You can go to the Home screen at any time by clicking the Home icon in the Options bar.

Improved in-app learning

After completing a lesson in the app (Learn panel), you can enhance your own images in less time.

Most requested features by users

Distribute distance (like in Adobe Illustrator)

Now you can distribute the distance between objects. Photoshop can already distribute objects by evenly positioning their center points. If the objects are of different sizes, they can now be positioned at the same distance from each other. For more helpful information on this topic, see Align and distribute layers .

(Left) Options for distributing the distance between objects in Photoshop. (Right) The distance between objects is distributed horizontally.

Mathematical operations in number fields

You can also perform simple math on any numeric fields. For example, you can now enter simple math operations such as “200/2”, which are immediately calculated as 100, and the final result is entered in the field. This is very useful when you need to quickly find a multiple of a specific value or divide a value. For more information see Use simple math on numeric fields .

An image with simple math in the Canvas Size dialog box.

Photoshop now preserves the beginning and ending of the name for long layer names, and replaces the central part with ellipsis (...). Previously, the end of a long layer name was replaced with an ellipsis (...).

Photoshop now puts an ellipsis (...) in the center of the long layer names.

Once again, Adobe has pleased us with the next improved version of Photoshop. CS5 opens up new perspectives for digital imaging, combining powerful photo tools, superior image extraction and coloring, and smart retouching.

1. Excellent painting effects (new)
The Mixer Brush tool, which lets you blend colors directly on the canvas, and adjust various brush options to paint strokes that simulate real textures, all for realistic painting effects.

2. Easy selection of difficult areas (new)
You can now select specific areas of images with just a few clicks. You can select complex areas such as hair, remove background colors around selected areas, and adjust masks using new tools.

3. Fill based on image content (new)
Remove any elements of the image with smart filling of the empty area, keeping in mind the content of the surrounding areas. This breakthrough technology takes into account image characteristics such as lighting, tones and noise, and perfectly fills in an area of a distant subject.

4. Puppet warp (new)
Fine tune tools to help you create more attractive images. For example, you can easily correct an ugly bend in your hand.

5. Automatic lens distortion correction (new)
Save time by automatically correcting lens distortion, chromatic aberration and vignetting. Photoshop CS5 supports the EXIF standard, which allows you to take into account the type of digital camera and lens for fine-tuning.

6. Automatic lens distortion correction (improved)
Perform reversible image noise removal while preserving color adjustments and clarity, add grain for a more natural look in digital images, enjoy more flexible post-crop vignetting and other image processing features — all with the Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 6 plug-in.

7. Improved handling of HDR images (improved)
Create photorealistic or fantastic HDR images with unprecedented levels of control, precision and blazing speed. Achieve superior quality with automatic false image removal, more flexible tone mapping and adjustments, and make single exposure images look like high dynamic range images.

8. Improved media management (improved)
Easily manage your media with more flexible batch rename, and have direct access to content related to the content you're currently processing using the customizable Adobe Mini Bridge panel that's part of Photoshop.

Greetings to all blog readers and visitors!

As you know, in the Photoshop program you can both edit photos and create your own drawings with excellent graphics, making them unique and alive. In order to master this program you need some knowledge and skills, thanks to them you can easily cope with any tasks in Photoshop.

Where are the tools in Photoshop?

First, you need to learn the basic Photoshop tools and remember what functions they perform.

So let's get started!

Eyedropper Tool

The eyedropper tool is activated by a hotkey "I"

We need an eyedropper to determine the color of the object, its shade. For example, you like the color of the sky in your photo. By clicking on it with an eyedropper, we will see this color. This can be done with any thing in an open place of a photograph or image.

Type Tool

The "Text" function is called by a hotkey "T"

You probably already guessed what it is for. It is needed to enter text anywhere in the image, with any font and language.

Burn Tool

Dimmer activated by hotkey "O"

An essential tool for working with photographs. Using it, you can create shadows and emboss objects. The more you use it in one place, the darker the color.

Dodge Tool

Called by hotkey "O"

Clarifier, the opposite of a dimmer. It makes the color lighter and clearer. It plays well in contrast to photographs of a cloudy sky or stormy sea. Before using it, choose a brush size and color tone.

Smudge Tool

A simple and straightforward tool in Photoshop. With its help, we can smudge paint on the image itself or on its edges as with our finger and give the picture a blur effect.

Blur Tool

This tool is designed to be used in manual mode to refine your masterpieces. With it, you can blur the sharp edges of an object. The longer you act on the image, the more blurry it becomes.

Paint Bucket

Called by hotkey "G"

The tools in this group are used to fill a selected area with a foreground color or a selected pattern, and also to apply a gradient to a specified surface.

Move tool

Activated by hotkey "V"

This tool is needed in order to move layers, shapes, selected areas both on the surface of the canvas and for dragging from one object to another.

Rectangular Marquee and Elliptic Margin tools

Activated by pressing the "M"

Tools of this group are necessary for any object or part of it for further editing.

Lasso tools

Activated by pressing the "L" key

"Lasso", unlike the oval and rectangular selection tools, allows you to select an arbitrary area by hand. Most often, this tool is used for manual selection and subsequent cutting of an object along the contour.

Magic Wand Tool

Called by pressing the hotkey "W"

With the help, you can significantly speed up the work of selecting a specific area of the object. That is, this tool analyzes the entire image and selects monochrome pixels.

Consider the Frame Tool

Activated by hotkey C.

With this tool we also make pictures.

Simply put, we crop the picture at the edges or cut out a fragment of a given size from a large image.

Consider the Brush tool

The brush is activated with the "B" key.

I plan to write a separate article about this tool in more detail. And here I will only say that it is the most functional Photoshop tool and has a large number of features and settings.

Clone Stamp tool

Activated by the "S" key.

With the help, as with the usual clerical stamp, you can transfer the imprint of the image from one part of the picture to another. That is, we copy a certain part of the image or transfer the whole object and paste it into another part of the image.

With the "E" key we activate the Eraser tool.

As well as the tools of the "brush" group, they are quite functional and have a lot of their own settings. An eraser, by analogy with a regular stationery, is used to erase unnecessary parts of the image.

Pen tool

Activated by the "P" key

Use a tool in this group to precisely select objects or shapes, and to create complex paths.

Hand Tool

Called by the "H" key and serves to move large documents in the workspace of the Photoshop program. For example, for scrolling landing page layouts.

Scale tool

Activated with the "Z" key.

This tool is used to zoom in or out of a document or some part of it during editing.

FSBEI HPE "Mordovian State

Pedagogical Institute named after M.E. Evseviev "

FACULTY OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

COURSE WORK

in informatics

MAIN GRAPHIC EDITOR FEATURES ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

full-time student

group MDI-110 A.A. Lukyanov

Speciality:050202.65 "Informatics" with an additional specialty050203.65 "Maths"

Work supervisor:

Cand. ped. Sci., Associate Professor

E.A. Molchanova

signature date initials, surname

Grade __________________

Saransk 2014

Content

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………

1 BASIC INFORMATION ABOUTADOBEPHOTOSHOP……………….…………

1.1 General characteristics …………………………………….. …………………

1.2 Key features………………………………... .... …………………

1.3 Applications ………………………………………. …………………

2 ADOBEPHOTOSHOP

2.1 Interface ………………………………………………………………………

2.2 Operationwithfiles ……………………………………………………………

2.3 …………………………………………………………

2.4 Basic tools………………………………… …………………

2.5 Filters… …………………………………………………… …………………

ADOBEPHOTOSHOP…………

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………...

LIST OF USED SOURCES ……………………………………

V INTRODUCTION

Currently, the software market is full of various programs and editors that allow you to process and edit digital photos. It is sometimes very difficult for a person who does not understand very well the features of certain software tools to understand this variety of software. However, the correct choice of software for solving a specific problem of processing photographs is one of the keys to the success of obtaining finished photographs. Speaking about graphic editors, first of all, it should be noted that all digital images are subdivided into vector and point ones. In the first case, images are built from various geometric elements or primitives (segments, triangles, rectangles or circles). Therefore, vector graphics allow you to easily manipulate the scale of the image without any geometric distortion, and therefore is widely used to build fonts, hand-drawn images, in design and publishing work.But in the research work, all the material will be devoted to raster graphics.

A raster graphic editor is a specialized program designed for creating and processing images. Such software products have found wide application in the work of illustrators, in preparing images for printing by typographic method or on photographic paper, publishing on the Internet. Bitmap graphics editors allow the user to draw and edit images on the computer screen, as well as save them in various bitmap formats, such as, for example, JPEG and TIFF, which allow you to save bitmap graphics with a slight decrease in quality through the use of lossy compression algorithms, PNG and GIF that support good lossless compression, and BMP that also supports compression (RLE), but is generally an uncompressed "pixel by pixel" description of an image. In contrast to vector editors, bitmaps use a matrix of dots to represent images (bitmap ). However, most modern bitmap editors contain vector editing tools as auxiliary ones.

All this is reflected in the object and subject of the course work.

Object of study -graphics editorAdobePhotoshop... Research subject - basicpossibilities, work with images, graphic editorAdobePhotoshop.

The purpose of the course work is to study theoreticalbasics of workgraphic editor, hisfunctionalityandconsider the mainways.

To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following particular tasks:

Examine the main characteristics;

Consider the main opportunities;

Identify areas of application;

Expand the main functions;

Examine the features of workAdobePhotoshop

Consider examples of tasks,using the basics of a graphics editor.Research methods: analysis of educational, special and methodological literature, study of the software packageAdobePhotoshop, mastering perfect skills of working withgraphic editor.

1 BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

AdobePhotoshop is a program for creating and processing raster graphics, in other words, a graphics editor. Raster graphics are any image that consists of individual pixels of different colors - photographs in a camera, pictures on websites, sprites in games - in general, the bulk of all graphics are raster. All this Photoshop perfectly opens and provides an incredible number of tools for working with images. Photoshop itself is just a collection of tools that come together. But everything is done so thoughtfully and accurately that a real working laboratory is created for an artist or designer. There are drawing tools - various brushes and fills, tools for inserting and working with text, for vector graphics ... The latest versions even allow you to load 3D models in popular formats created in 3D graphics editors.

Photoshop allows you to quickly and efficiently edit a photo, create a montage, and even draw a picture from scratch. As a tool for an artist, it may seem not as convenient as specially designed graphic editors, but this is only at first glance. The program has all the necessary tools for drawing, ranging from a simple pen, with a changeable and easily customizable "brush", to a variety of color palettes that allow you to "mix" colors in any proportion. There are also vector graphics tools that can often make your work much faster and easier. And if you do drawing at a professional level, then the program makes it easy to connect a graphic tablet and fully realize your fantasies.From the earliest versions, Photoshop was conceived as an easily extensible program. This means that it allows you to easily connect different modules developed by third-party programmers, and there are hundreds and thousands of them. If there are not enough tools in the standard set of Photoshop, and they are usually quite enough for any request, then you can use some exotic filters, brushes, palettes. All of this is in a huge amount on thousands of sites on the Internet, and many can be downloaded absolutely free of charge.

1.3 Applications

Photoshop is such a convenient and powerful program that today almost anyone who is somehow related to graphics has this program on their computer. Web designers develop all site graphics in it, programmers - all beautiful icons and game characters pleasing to our eyes, photographers - correct unsuccessful photos, removing "red eyes" and correcting brightness, contrast or color balance Photoshop is often needed by almost everyone.In this regard, it is clear that knowing the basics of Photoshop for someone who uses a computer not only for games is as important as knowing how to type in Word. These two programs are one of the most essential in the recruitment of any more or less literate "user". Therefore, it is required to master this program as well. Fortunately, with its convenience Photoshop has won such love of users that thousands of sites dedicated to it have been created, hundreds of books have been written for both beginners and professionals, hundreds of hours of training videos have been filmed. All this is easily accessible to everyone, moreover, with any level of training. Even someone who knows absolutely nothing about graphics can master it and learn a lot. You just need to try to get to know this program better and the world of computer graphics can captivate you for a long time.

2 BASIC FUNCTIONS, OPPORTUNITIES AND PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

2. 1 Interface

Drawing

1. Main panel. This is where all the functionality is located.Photoshop... Starting with saving a file and ending with filters and custom window settings.

2. Tool settings panel. Responsible for setting the properties and settings of the currently used tool.

3. Currently open documents (files).

4. Switch of working environments.

5. Toolbar. Here are the main toolsPhotoshop.

Drawing

6. Palettes. Additional information, options, settings, and also the layers panel is located here. Palettes are very flexible to customize to the needs of the user.

2.2 Working with files inAdobePhotoshop

Let's start with the simplest and most commonplace - creating and saving a new document. So we openedPhotoshop, and the first thing to do in order to get started is to create a new document. This is done simply, in the File -> New (New) menu

The same can be done with the Ctrl + N keyboard shortcut, which is much faster and more convenient. After that, such a simple window will open (Fig. 3).

Drawing

Here you can set the file name, width and height (width and height), and also specify the units of measurement (pixels, centimeters, millimeters, etc.). Then you can set the resolution (rezolution) - it determines the quality of your future image. By default, it can stand for example at 72 pixels / inch, but if you need to print an image in a large format, you will need to set this value to 120 or more (depending on how large the format will be). Color Mode sets the image mode: RGB, CMYK, Lab, etc., and Background Contents sets the background fill color.

Now let's move on to the save procedure. The save function is found in the same menu File -> Save or Save As. Save as differs from Save only in that it will display a window with saving settings each time, while Save will ask only 1 time - the first time (Fig. 4).

Drawing

If you want to save the current document with all layers and shapes in order to be able to return to editing it later, you need to save the file in its own formatPhotoshop.psd

2.3

Adjustment layers in Photoshop almost completely duplicate the menu Image (Image) -> Adjustments (Correction). With one caveat - adjustment layers apply effects and changes over the image without changing it. This feature is a huge plus, since you can always go back to a certain effect and correct it. Of course, if you use Image -> Adjustments, then to make any changes you will have to go back in history and do it all over again, because in the case of a normal image correction, all the effects are applied directly to the image.

Figure 5

You can create an adjustment layer from the layers panel (Fig. 5).

2.4 Basic tools Adobe Photoshop

Consider one of the main editor tools ... Brush tool inPhotoshoplocated in the toolbar on the left (Fig. 6).

If the brush is active, a quick brush settings menu will appear on top, it looks like this (Fig. 7).

Figure 6

Figure 7

What settings does this menu offer us.

The first is brush type... Click on the arrow next to the brush icon and we will see a list of brush types:

Figure 8

Figure 9

Select the Fuzzy Cluster Loose brush and paint it several times across the canvas (Fig. 9).

This is a barbed wire brush. Standard inPhotoshop has just over a dozen of these brush types installed. They are used quite rarely, but, nevertheless, some of them are quite interesting (Fig. 10).

Figure 10

If we click on the arrow in this menu, we will see a list of options (Fig. 11). Here we can select sets of brushes, each of which stores certain types, like those discussed above. By clicking on the Preset Manager, we will get into the set editor, in which you can change the current set of brushes inPhotoshop(Fig. 12).

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

The Size parameter is responsible for the size of the brush. We can change it by moving the slider, or by entering the value in the field manually. The Hardness parameter controls the hardness of the brush. We can also choose ready-made options for brushes from the window. Now let's look at the available options, they are expanded by clicking on the arrow (Fig. 14).

Figure 14

At the bottom of the list are the standard and downloaded brush sets. By clicking on the Preset Manager we get to the brush manager (Fig. 15).

Figure 15

Shown here are the brushes in the current set. By clicking on the Load button, we can add brushes from another set to the current one. And if you select several brushes, then by clicking on Save Set, you can create your own set from them.

Now let's look at the opacity and pressure settings of the brush inPhotoshop(Fig. 16).

Figure 16

The Opacity parameter sets the opacity of the brush (Fig. 17). A value of 0% corresponds to a completely transparent brush, 100% to a completely opaque brush.

The Flow parameter sets the pressure on the brush: 0% - just barely pressure, 100% - full pressure.

Figure 17

Rectangular Marquee Tool (Rectangular selection). Creates a selection in the form of a rectangle. Useful when you need to select a square or rectangular area. For example, a simple building, a book, a box, and so on (Fig. 18).

Figure 18

Figure 19

Please note that if you hold down the Shift key while creating a rectangular selection, the selection will be in the form of a perfect square (Fig. 19).

Elliptical Marquee Tool (Elliptical selection). Creates an ellipse or circle selection. Useful for selecting round objects such as the iris of the eyes, for example (Fig. 20).

By analogy with a rectangular selection, if you hold down Shift, you get a perfectly even circle.

Figure 20

Single Row Marquee Tool (Select a single row) and Single Сolumn Marquee Tool (Select a single column). These 2 tools create a selection of one row or column of pixels. The width is 1px (Fig. 21).

Now let's look at the properties of the selection tools inPhotoshop.

Figure 21

I must say about the important properties that are inherent in all selection tools inPhotoshop:

1. Moving and transforming selections

For clarity, let's create a simple square selection (Appendix 1, Fig. 1). Now, by hovering the mouse over it, we can move it as we like, and a small rectangle icon will appear near the cursor (Appendix 1, Fig. 2).

Let's pay special attention to the fact that it is possible to move the selection only when any of the tools of the tab of simple selections is active. If, say, the Move Tool is active, then the already selected piece of the image will be moved, and not the selection itself (Appendix 1, Fig. 3).

2. Interaction of secretions

Like vector shapes, selections can interact with each other. And this is very convenient. Interaction settings are located in the top menu of the tool:

Figure 22

In the first New Selection mode (New selection) each new selection will discard the old one. This is the standard mode. But then the situation is much more interesting. In the mode Add to Selection (Add to selection) each new selection will be added to the existing one. Let's see, these are 2 rectangular selections in modeAdd to Selection (Fig. 22). They merged into one. The next mode is Substract to Selection. This mode works exactly the opposite with respect to the previous one. It subtracts each subsequent selection from the existing one (Fig. 23).

Figure 23

The last mode, Intersect with Selection, leaves the selection only at the intersection (Fig. 24).

Figure 24

The ability for selections to interact with each other is very useful in practice.

3. Feathering

This is a rather important parameter that determines the blurring of the border of the selected area. It is set by the Feather parameter:

Let's take a look at the image cut without feathering (0px) (Appendix 1, Fig. 4) and with 80px feathering (Appendix 1, Fig. 5). The difference is obvious.

4. Selection style.

Using a selection style inPhotoshopyou can fix the size or ratio.

Fixed Ratio. If you set the ratio for example 10 to 20, then the selection will be created exactly in this proportion, we can only adjust the size (Fig. 25).

Figure 26

Figure 25

Fixed Size Creates a selection with a predefined size (Fig. 26). These 2 options are useful when you need to make many selections in the same proportions or sizes. Please note that this setting is available only for simple selections (rectangle, ellipse, column, row).

We continue to studyselection of objects inPhotoshop, and the next group of tools "Lasso". There are 3 such tools in total:

Figure 27

Lasso Tool. This is a classic lasso. With its help, a selection of an arbitrary shape is created, and we draw it ourselves, similarly to how we do it with a brush (Fig. 27). Lasso is designed for leisurely work. Each bend is required to be carefully drawn. Plus, it takes some skill. However, if you master the lasso well, it becomes one of the most powerful selection tools in your hands.Photoshop... The lasso is especially useful in combination with other selection tools such as the Quick Selection Tool andMagic Wand Tool, when you need to fix automatic shortcomingsPhotoshop.

Figure 28

Polygonal Lasso Tool. Polygonal lasso - the shape of the selection is created with straight lines. A very handy tool for selecting buildings and any other objects that do not have roundness (Fig. 28).

Magnetic Lasso Tool ( Magnetic lasso ). Once a very popular and useful tool, now, after the introduction of the Quick Selection Tool, it is almost never used (at least by me). The principle of operation is that the selection boundaries are attracted to the object that we want to select. The tool does a good job with contrasting areas, but it starts to err when the boundaries of the object are indistinct or almost the same tone as the background. All that is required to select an object is to draw along its contour (Appendix 1, Fig. 6).

The magnetic lasso has special settings:

Width - The area of influence of the magnetic lasso. Determines the precision of the selection. If you need a more precise selection, set a smaller value for the width. Expressed in pixels (px).

Сontrast (Contrast) -The higher the value of this parameter, the more contrasting should be the image for selection.

Frequency - Determines how often the anchor points will be created. The lower the value, the more points will be created. And, accordingly, the more accurate the selection will be. However, too many points are not recommended. Next, we disassemble “Magic Wand ”and quick selection.

1. Quick Selection. The most advanced and user-friendly tool. Its name fully justifies. For quick selection inPhotoshopbetter not to come up with. It is based on the same principle of contrast as Magnetic Lasso, however selection is made with a special brush (the size of which is adjustable). In this case, special accuracy is not required,Photoshopitself will "fit" the edges and most of the selection. You just need to start painting over the desired area. For example, this selection took exactly 1.5 seconds (Appendix 1, Fig. 7).

While the same selection with a magnetic lasso takes about 15-20 seconds. Not to mention the rest of the tools we've reviewed.

The settings are pretty familiar:

Figure 29

Quick selection has 3 modes of operation: new selection, add to selection, subtract from selection. You are already familiar with these modes. Next comes the brush settings. Here, too, everything is pretty standard: brush size and hardness, spacing, angle and shape. With size and rigidity, everything is clear. Spacing (Intervals) are used to determine the spacing between brush strokes, the smaller this value, the smoother the tool will work. The angle and shape are practically unnecessary parameters in everyday work, which set the angle of rotation of the brush and its shape.

2. Magic Wand (Magic wand). It works on the principle of highlighting pixels that are similar in color and tone. Has a special parameter Tolerance (Tolerance), which determines the degree of similarity of the color of the pixels. The higher the value, the more pixels will be selected. For example, this selection is made with Tolerance 32 (Appendix 1, Fig. 8). And this is with Tolerance 120 (Appendix 1, Fig. 9).

The Contiguous option determines whether only pixels that are in close proximity to each other are selected, or pixels around the perimeter of the entire canvas.

3.Parameter Refine Edge

The Refine Edge option is available for any selection and is a very important option. You can call it by clicking on the corresponding button:

Let's look at this parameter in operation with a specific example. Open any image and select any object in any of the above 120 ways (Appendix 1, Fig. 10).

Click on the Refine Edge button, we will see the settings window. Now let's analyze it in a little more detail (Fig. 30).

Figure 30

Figure 31

At the very top is the View Mode group of elements. The parameters in this group are for your convenience only. View indicates on which background to present the result (Fig. 31).

The Marching Ants will show a preview on the original background.

Overlay will fill the background with a semi-transparent red color.

On Black - on a black background.

On White - on white.

Black & White - makes the selection white and the background black.

On Layers - transparent background.

Reveal Layers - will show the whole image.

Let's choose the display of the result on a white background (Appendix 1, Fig. 11).

The Show Radius checkbox will show the radius of the current selection.

Next comes the most important parameter - Edge Detection. If you check the Smart Radius checkbox and set a value other than zero,Photoshopwill make the edges of the selection smoother and more correct. For comparison, let's look at the selection without this parameter (Appendix 1, Fig. 12). Noticing the angularity? And now the same thing, but with a clever radius of 1.5px (Appendix 1, Fig. 13).

Next come options such as Smooth, Feather, Contrast and Shift Edge. Anti-aliasing makes the edges of the selection softer, with feathering already familiar. Contrast has the opposite effect of anti-aliasing, i.e. makes edges sharper and harder. And Shift Edge lets you move the edges of the selection inward or outward.

Decontaminate Colors removes the debris around the selection (white halo, background areas, etc.) (Appendix 1, Fig. 14).

Dismantled all possible ways to selectPhotoshop, and almost all of their settings.

Let's talk about deforming images. Deformation is a change in proportions and position in space. VPhotoshopdeformation tools are in the menu Edit -> Transformation (Fig. 32).

Figure 32

Let's immediately pay attention to 3 points - Rotate 180, 90 CW and 90 CCW. The first one rotates the image 180 degrees, the second 90 degrees clockwise, the third also 90 degrees, but counterclockwise.

Flip Horizontal and Flip Vertical “reflect the image” just like you see it in a mirror (Appendix 2, Fig. 1).

The Scale tool resizes the image:

Rotate allows you to rotate it.

Skew (Skew) deforms the image in the form of a parallelepiped (Appendix 2, Fig. 2).

Distort (Distortion) allows you to deform the image in such a way as to create the effect of perspective (Appendix 2, Fig. 3).

Perspecive - almost the same, only 2 points are scaled at once.

Warp (Distortion) - the most interesting type of deformation, you can move any part of the image (Appendix 2, Fig. 4).

You can quickly access the deformation by pressing the Ctrl + T hotkey.

Next, let's talk about working with text.Let's talk about working with text inPhotoshop... The Type Tool is responsible for the use of text, which has several varieties:

Vertical Type Tool - writes vertically.

HorizontalandVertical Type Mask Tool -writesmask.

To write something, you must first define an area for the text, for this, select the Horizontal Type Tool (ordinary horizontal text), left-click on the canvas, and, without releasing it, create a rectangle.

Now we can write text inside this rectangle. Let's turn to the text tool settings.

The first button (Toggle Text Orientation) allows you to change the direction of the text (horizontal or vertical):

Figure 33

Then comes the list of installed fonts and the style (bold, italic, etc.). Then the size of the text (in scientific size), which is indicated in paragraphs (60 pt) and the anti-aliasing method.

Next, we can see the usual alignment (left, right or center) and the color of the text. To change the color of the already printed text, you need to select it and double-click on the colored square, after which the color palette will appear.

The next option is a little more interesting - it's deformation:

Figure 34

Here you can set the shape according to which the text is deformed and the amount of deformation. It is worth noting that the text can also be launched along the vector path, for this you just need to select the text tool and bring it to the raster line.

And the last thing is the character and paragraph settings (Fig. 35).

Figure 35

Here you can set the line and letter spacing (spacing), stretch each individual character (use carefully, or do not use at all), make all characters in the text uppercase, set superscript characters, etc. In the settings of the paragraph, we will find such standard things as an indent from the edge and a red line.

Now let's take into account the "Healing Brush" and the stamp.

The Healing Brush and Stamp are the main tools of the retoucher.

Both of these tools are used to restore part of an image using another part of it. How it works? Let's see an example:

Let's say we need to remove the paint bucket from the image. Take the Clone Stamp Tool (Stamp), hold down the Alt key, the cursor takes the form of a sight, click on the spot next to the brush lying in the bucket. Release Alt and click a couple of times in the place that we want to erase (brush in the bucket) (Appendix 3, Fig. 1).

As you can see, it has disappeared, and in its place is now the texture of the wall. Now let's try to erase the bucket itself. First, we take a sample of the wall protrusion, and replace it with part of the bucket.

The main rule of the retoucher is not to use the same sample more than 3-4 times, otherwise it starts to catch your eye. It is best to take samples more often and from different locations. We continue to wash the bucket (Appendix 3, Fig. 2).

The bucket was removed, but as you can see, there was a disaster with the texture: it disappeared, besides, the transitions between the light and dark parts of the wall are too obvious. What to do? The Healing Brush Tool comes to the rescue. The difference between a Healing Brush and a Stamp Brush is that it works much smoother and retains the texture and color of the surface when used. For example, when retouching faces in photographs, I always use the Healing Brush. The stamp is needed only for rough work, when you need to remove some object from the image. So, take a Healing Brush and start working with it by analogy with a stamp. The principle is the same (Appendix 3, Fig. 3).

Now the texture is more or less restored, and the transitions have softened. If you look from afar and do not know that there was once a bucket here, then almost nothing is noticeable (Appendix 3, Fig. 4).

This concludes the conversation about the Healing Brush and the Stamp.

Let's talk about fill and gradient.Fill is an important yet simple tool:

Figure 36

It has one purpose - to fill the selected (or not selected) area with a given color. Using the fill is very simple, select a color (Fig. 36).

and click on the canvas. That's it, the filling is done. The filling of the selected area is done in the same way: select a color, select an area of the image and fill it (Fig. 37).

Figure 37

However, this tool has some settings (Fig. 38).

Figure 38

The first option allows you to choose from the drop-down list how to fill the area - with the foreground color or texture. Next comes the selection of the blending mode. Then the opacity of the fill is set. Actually, that's all there is to know about the Paint Bucket Tool.

Dodge and Burn Tool

Another couple of important tools for a retoucher, the purpose of which is to lighten / darken an area of the image.

Let's look at the basic settings of these tools (Fig. 39).

Figure 39

As for any tool of the Brush class, you can change the size and hardness of the clarifier and darker. Then comes the Range parameter, which allows you to set which tones the tool will affect (highlights, mid-midtones, dark shadows). Exposure sets the dimming / dimming strength. And finally, the Protect Tones checkbox sets the preservation of the tonality of the image.

2.5 Filters Adobe Photoshop

First, let's define what the filters are inPhotoshop... A filter is a tool for changing an image. Modification can mean blurring or sharpening, stylizing, bumping, changing colors, and much, much more. All filters are presented in the corresponding Filter menu (Fig. 40).

Moreover, note that in the screenshot provided, standard filters are marked with a red frame, and those downloaded and installed additionally are marked with blue. We will only talk about standard filters. There are a lot of additional ones. Some of them are paid, others are not.

Photoshop Artistic Filters

This section contains 15 filters (Fig. 41).

Figure 40

All filters in this group are designed to simulate different drawing methods. Click on any of these filters and a detailed configuration window will appear. In this window, we can not only customize the selected filter, but also go to another filter from the current (or even from another) group. However, not all filter groups are presented in this window, some have their own interface.

Figure 41

We're talking about such filter groups as Blur, Noise, Pixelate, Render, Sharpen, Video and Others.

3 EXAMPLE OF WORKING WITH IMAGES IN ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

Using theoretical material, we will create an "Invitation" of new students to the institute at the physics and mathematics faculty, in a graphic editor. The first thing to do is create a new A4 document. Then fill the background with a gradient to get a similar background (Fig. 42). Insert the text of interest to us and adjust its effects to blend it with the background. Go to - Layer Style - Stroke and adjust the color and size of our stroke (Fig. 43). Next, let's insert some photos, placing them with different slopes. Then go to - Layer Style - Outer Glow and adjust the color and size of our glow. Now the photos are highlighted in purple (Fig. 44). Next, let's add some more effects to the top photos of our work and draw a glowing line. We take the tool - Pen (Pen tool) - and draw curves in the photos.

Figure 44

Drawing 43

Figure 42

Now select - Brush - set to "soft" - 2px... Go back to - Pen and right-click on our bend, select - Stroke the path, set - Brush, click - OK and our line is revealed in which we set - Outer glow, select the size and color - Yellow. It turns out like this (Fig. 45).

Figure 45

Drawing 47

Figure 46

Now let's add some abstraction. Let's find a couple of sources (Fig. 46, 47). We insert them into our work and in the parameters of the layer insert on the first image set the parameter - Overlap (Fig. 48). On the second abstraction image, set the parameter - Point light (Fig. 49).

Figure 48

Figure 49

Thus, the work is completely ready and this is what happened (Fig. 49)

Figure 50

CONCLUSION

In this study, work was done with the aim of studying theoreticalbasics of workgraphic editor, hisfunctionalityandconsider the mainwaysworking with images in practice.

Graphics editorAdobe PhotoshopIs a huge setopportunities helping in working with any images and photographs. This is a very well thought-out program for both the average user and the experienced designer. Its user-friendly interface allows you to adjust the work, saving a lot of time.Photoshopallows you to work with very high quality images, which have a sufficiently high resolution, and allows you to maintain this quality after editing. It also allows you to open and save various image formats, which is very important for any design work in print. The available settings allow the user to customize the graphical editor for himself startingfromzoom in / out with the mouse wheel, ending with the color and size of the interface icons.

All this is easily accessible to everyone, moreover, with any level of training. Even someone who knows absolutely nothing about graphics can master it and learn a lot, as thousands of websites have been created dedicated toAdobe Photoshop, hundreds of books have been written, for both beginners and professionals, hundreds of hours of training videos have been filmed.

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