Sony has a lot of matrices for smartphone cameras in its arsenal, the range is constantly updated. Along with radically new solutions (like the IMX400, which supports shooting video at a speed of 960 FPS), matrices are also being produced, which are modified (improved or cheaper) versions of previous models. One of them was the Sony Exmor RS IMX386, which is actually an updated variation of the IMX286, released six months earlier.
Sony Exmor IMX386 is a photographic matrix located on the border of the middle and flagship price categories (closer to the flagships) in terms of marketing ranking. It has found application in smartphones priced at $250-500 released in late 2016 and early-mid 2017. The Sony Exmor IMX386 review will take you closer to the technical specifications and capabilities of this camera.
Specifications Sony Exmor IMX386
The basis of the Sony Exmor IMX386 is a CMOS-type matrix, made in 4:3 proportions, standard for photographic equipment. Its size is 1 / 2.9", the physical diagonal is 6.2 mm. The full resolution of the sensor is 3968x2976 pixels or 11.8 megapixels. There is a phase autofocus system with selective placement of the corresponding sensors (there is no Dual Pixel technology).
Due to the increased diagonal (compared to the most popular 1 / 3.06 ") and reduced resolution (against 13 MP), the camera has an increased pixel size. The dimensions of the pixel cell are 1.25x1.25 microns, which gives a 25% larger light-absorbing area than cameras with 1.12x1.12 microns: 1.56 microns versus 1.25 microns 2. In theory, this should give better quality and detail in low-light conditions, but we'll see how it works in practice later in the review.
Not all camera modules based on Sony IMX386 are equipped with an image stabilization system. Flagships have it, and middle-class models are equipped with sensors enclosed in a simpler case. The optics of the cameras are also different: based on the Sony IMX386, modules are created, the lenses of which contain 5 or 6 lenses, with an aperture from F / 1.6 to F / 2.2. Therefore, the final quality of photos and videos may vary on different devices.
Video recording from the camera can be carried out in resolution up to 4K. The maximum frame rate when recording video in Slow-Mo, with a reduced resolution, can reach 240 FPS, but is limited by the capabilities of the chipset. Therefore, in existing smartphones with Sony IMX386, the recording speed of clips is usually lower.
Smartphones with Sony Exmor IMX386 camera
As of the end of August 2017, only the leading Chinese smartphone manufacturers were interested in the Sony IMX386 matrix. Companies from Japan, Korea, Taiwan have not yet released their devices with such a camera, but Xiaomi and Meizu liked this sensor. Firms have created a number of devices of the middle and top class with such matrices.
In, the flagship of 2017, the main camera is based on the Sony IMX386. It is made as part of a module with a 4-axis optical stabilization system and a six-lens lens. The lens aperture is F/1.8. In the middle class, Xiaomi equipped phablets and . The main camera of both differs from the flagship in a simplified module system and cheaper optics. These smartphones do not have optical stabilization, the lens consists of 5 lenses, and the relative diameter of its pupil is F / 2.2.
Meizu also did not bypass the Sony IMX386. The first device with this camera was released in the summer of 2016. In it, the matrix is made in a body without OIS, with optics with an aperture of F / 2. The same configuration is used in the fashion glass midrange Meizu M3X. But in Meizu Pro 6S and Pro 6 Plus, a more advanced configuration of the main camera is used. The lens aperture has not been improved, but the module received a 4-axis optical stabilization system and laser autofocus.
The latest Meizu devices with this camera are the flagships Pro 7 and Pro 7 Plus. They use a dual camera based on color and black and white sensors Sony IMX386. Their optics has an aperture of F / 2, consists of 6 lenses.
Huawei and AGM have one device each with Sony IMX386 matrices. The first ones equipped it with a middle-class phablet, which is equipped with a dual camera. The main one of the pair is just the object of review. The module configuration is simple, without a stabilization system and five-lens optics with an aperture of F / 2.2.
The last presented smartphone equipped with Sony IMX386 is AGM X2. He has two of these matrices, color and black and white. The smartphone is not yet on mass sale, therefore there is still no detailed verified information about its cameras, but since the company is not the most famous, most likely, a simple module configuration is used, without OIS and improved optics.
Examples of photos from a camera based on Sony IMX386
To evaluate what the Sony IMX386 matrix is capable of in a mid-range smartphone and flagships, we offer a selection of photos taken from it. For shooting examples, Xiaomi Mi6 and Mi Max 2 equipped with this matrix were used. The photos were taken in approximately the same lighting conditions in order to be able to see and see how the quality and aperture ratio of the optics affect the quality of the pictures.
Flash shot on Xiaomi Mi6
Night, dark, flash photo (Mi MAX 2)
Daytime, overcast, shot in the shade of trees on Xiaomi Mi6 (1300 lx)
Daytime, overcast, shot in the shade of trees on Mi MAX 2 (1300 lx)
Daytime, overcast & Shot on Mi6 (2000 lux)
Day, cloudy. Mi MAX 2 (2000 lx)
Day, cloudy. Mi6 (5000 lux)
Day, cloudy. Mi MAX 2 (5000 lx)
As you can see, despite the identical IMX386 matrices, Xiaomi Mi6 slightly outperforms Mi MAX 2 in image quality. In addition to the matrix, an important role is played by the chipset, software, optics, and so on.
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It should be noted that Sony has been optimizing smartphones for MediaTek chipsets, so the Xperia M5 has been annoying customers for a long time with a variety of “glitches”, by today's standards, the Helio X10 processor is slow, and it works in the M5 not at the limit. The case heats up with or without, autonomy leaves much to be desired. But the proprietary shell is comfortable, the cameras are of high quality, the display is bright and clear, and the prestige of such a smartphone in “glamorous” circles is much higher than that of any Huawei or Xiaomi. Official distributors have gone crazy and are asking for a completely ridiculous 25 thousand rubles for the old Sony, but the "gray" sellers of the Xperia M5 Dual are estimated at 15-16 thousand - quite a fair price for such a model.
ZTE Nubia Z11 mini S
ZTE has the Nubia luxury division, which in turn has the flagship Z11 series, which has a simplified version of the Z11 mini, which recently underwent an update in the house that Jack built. We should pay tribute to the Chinese - Z11 mini S differs radically from Z11 mini and only for the better.
A very nimble smartphone with a brutal body with red accents. You can’t really find fault with the characteristics: a fast Snapdragon 625, 4 GB of RAM, 64 or 128 GB on the internal drive. And it’s also nice that ZTE (whose “hands are sharpened” more for setting up the sound path than for camera algorithms) made a grand gesture and equipped the Z11 mini S with a 22-megapixel rear camera based on the Sony IMX318 sensor. The much more expensive ASUS ZenFone 3 Deluxe and Xiaomi Mi Note 2 are equipped with the same sensor, if you are not in the know.
Sony has a lot of matrices for smartphone cameras in its arsenal, the range is constantly updated. Along with radically new solutions (like the IMX400, which supports shooting video at a speed of 960 FPS), matrices are also being produced, which are modified (improved or cheaper) versions of previous models. One of them was the Sony Exmor RS IMX386, which is actually an updated variation of the IMX286, released six months earlier.
Sony Exmor IMX386 is a photographic matrix located on the border of the middle and flagship price categories (closer to the flagships) in terms of marketing ranking. It has found application in smartphones priced at $250-500 released in late 2016 and early-mid 2017. The Sony Exmor IMX386 review will take you closer to the technical specifications and capabilities of this camera.
Specifications Sony Exmor IMX386
The basis of the Sony Exmor IMX386 is a CMOS-type matrix, made in 4:3 proportions, standard for photographic equipment. Its size is 1/2.9″, the physical diagonal is 6.2 mm. The full resolution of the sensor is 3968x2976 pixels or 11.8 megapixels. There is a phase autofocus system with selective placement of the corresponding sensors (there is no Dual Pixel technology).
Due to the increased diagonal (compared to the most popular 1 / 3.06 ″) and reduced resolution (against 13 MP), the camera has an increased pixel size. The dimensions of the pixel cell are 1.25x1.25 µm, which gives a 25% larger light-absorbing area than cameras with 1.12x1.12 µm: 1.56 µm2 versus 1.25 µm2. In theory, this should give better quality and detail in low-light conditions, but how it works in practice - we'll see later in the course of the review.
Not all camera modules based on Sony IMX386 are equipped with an image stabilization system. Flagships have it, and middle-class models are equipped with sensors enclosed in a simpler case. The optics of the cameras are also different: based on the Sony IMX386, modules are created, the lenses of which contain 5 or 6 lenses, with an aperture from F / 1.6 to F / 2.2. Therefore, the final quality of photos and videos may vary on different devices.
Video recording from the camera can be carried out in resolution up to 4K. The maximum frame rate when recording video in Slow-Mo, with a reduced resolution, can reach 240 FPS, but is limited by the capabilities of the chipset. Therefore, in existing smartphones with Sony IMX386, the recording speed of clips is usually lower.
Smartphones with Sony Exmor IMX386 camera
As of the end of August 2017, only the leading Chinese smartphone manufacturers were interested in the Sony IMX386 matrix. Companies from Japan, Korea, Taiwan have not yet released their devices with such a camera, but Xiaomi and Meizu liked this sensor. Firms have created a number of devices of the middle and top class with such matrices.
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Kensuke Mashita: "I'd love to put a one-inch sensor and G Master lens in a smartphone."
Since 2015, the editors of the site began to talk seriously about smartphones, because the camera in these gadgets has become not just a tool in the hands of a photographer. Today we can state that yesterday's smartphone users with a good camera are gradually switching to amateur and professional cameras.
Sony Mobile offered us an exclusive interview with Kensuke Mashita, Senior Manager of the Sony Mobile team. Mashita-san is responsible for the technologies used in the Sony Xperia smartphone camera unit.
We tried to ask him the most important questions about Sony Xperia cameras, smartphone cameras in general and where mobile photography is going to go next.
- Has the compact camera segment died with the rise in smartphone sales?
The market for compact digital cameras is falling. Our colleagues at Sony Digital Imaging are now focusing on high end compact cameras. On the other hand, smartphones occupy the position of low-end and mid-range compacts. And I think this trend will continue.
- What are the prospects for smartphones in the photo market?
Smartphones today have achieved fairly high image quality, comparable to compact cameras that were released a few years ago. But a smartphone is more than just a camera: it has connectivity, advanced graphics and processing power more powerful than cameras, a DSP, a large display and a simple interface. Therefore, smartphones are completely different, they give us a new experience. For example, if it were not for the development of this market, there would be no selfie. We have to look and find new scenarios that are available not so much to the camera, but to the smartphone as a camera and a mobile device with mobile and wireless networking capabilities.
- To what extent is the smartphone camera today the reason for buying a new device or replacing an old one?
According to our research, the most motivating factors for purchasing a new smartphone are device design, camera, and battery life. These three factors are central to the buyer and they work in tandem. The Russian market is especially focused on smartphone design. This is called show off, when the main goal is not to enjoy the appearance of the gadget, but some kind of boasting. This is where self-expression comes into play through device design.
The camera is just as important because it allows you to show off your best self, your accomplishments and your surroundings.
It's no secret that Sony Semiconductors is a major supplier of sensors for mobile cameras. How is Sony Mobile related to this company?
Yes, all major manufacturers use Sony sensors in their smartphones. But each of them installs sensors with different characteristics. Of course, in mobile photography, the sensor is important, but so is the optics. Because all the restrictions apply to it, including the thickness of the smartphone.
In most Sony smartphones, the camera does not protrude from the body, but in iPhone and other devices, the camera protrudes by a millimeter or more. Our designers strive to ensure that nothing protrudes and that the functions and capabilities of the smartphone do not suffer. For the buyer, design is extremely important, and we try to find a balance. But believe me, it's very difficult.
I can't say which Sony sensor is the best today. Sony Mobile's strategy has previously focused on a high resolution of 23 megapixels. But today, most manufacturers put sensors with a resolution of 12 megapixels, including Samsung and Apple. This is the difference in approaches, because Sony used a high resolution because of the greater image stabilization capabilities, better picture quality when it is zoomed in. Of course, in such scenarios, our camera outperforms 12-megapixel sensors. But on the other hand, the physical size of the pixel is very important.
With the development of dual cameras in smartphones, many different solutions have appeared on the market. For example, thanks to zoom lenses, the quality of the approximation has become an order of magnitude higher. We can say that a new era of mobile photography has begun, and in the next generation we will show our vision. Unfortunately, I cannot share the details of our new strategy, but we will change something in the near future.
The relationship between Sony Mobile and Sony Semiconductors has traditionally developed in such a way that we received a top-end sensor on exclusive terms. IMX300 got to us, with the IMX400 the same situation. This interaction will continue in the future. We act as a leader who tests new technologies.
G8142 SETTINGS: ISO 40, F2, 1/500 s
G8142 SETTINGS: ISO 40, F2, 1/500 s
G8142 SETTINGS: ISO 40, F2, 1/500 s
How popular are the new features of the Motion Eye camera unit (predictive shooting, super slow motion video shooting and tracking autofocus during continuous shooting), built on the basis of the Sony Exmor IMX400, with smartphone buyers?
The Sony Exmor IMX400 processor has a sensor with a stack memory of 128 megabytes, and thanks to this it is possible to record video in super slow motion mode, to carry out predictive shooting. With our camera you can see what the human eye cannot see.
Unfortunately, not much time has passed since the release of the first smartphone with Motion Eye (- ed. note). Not enough data has been collected yet. We have an idea how many people take photos on a smartphone, and how many videos. Now we are trying to find out how many people use super slow motion. We found that at the time of getting to know a smartphone, many people try to evaluate the recording at a speed of 960 frames per second. Our goal is to make interest in know-how permanent. I think Sony's Super Slow Motion is beyond expectations. Some would say that this was done only to attract the attention of buyers, but we really wanted to create something new.
The most common argument of those who do not like Sony Xperia is: “All smartphones have a Sony sensor (Samsung, Huawei, iPhone and others), but they all shoot much better than Sony Xperia smartphones.” Do you have an understanding why this is happening?
Unfortunately, in mobile photography it is impossible to achieve the best quality in different conditions. Quality may vary depending on shooting conditions, functions used. Cameras with a 12-megapixel sensor and a larger pixel size do better in low light conditions, but if you shoot a daytime landscape, you can achieve more detail due to the higher resolution of the sensor. In my opinion, if you shoot landscape, Sony Xperia will win, but in some scenarios we can lose to competitors. The question of approach is also important here. With our smartphone, you can take a good picture in the dark, and its resolution will be one and a half times higher. We focus on high resolution as it provides better image stabilization.
If we made the same camera as other brands, perhaps there would be haters of a different order who would get to the bottom of the truth and find the difference in the performance of our camera compared to competitors.
Unfortunately, most pay attention to "laboratory" camera tests, but it's better to look at real photos. Sometimes one conflicts with the other. Of course, our priority is user experience.
At the same time, we listen to the feedback of our users. For example, in the Sony IMX400, the resolution was reduced from 23 to 19 megapixels, thereby slightly increasing the pixel size. We tried to find a compromise and improved the situation with shooting in low light conditions. At the same time, super slow motion and stack memory appeared. Thanks to the latter, the situation with video recording, including HDR, has improved. This is only possible with memory. Soon we will have another improvement, which is kept secret for now.
All Sony Xperia cameras are tested in over 100 different scenarios. Lighting conditions at the same time are different in different parts of the world. In Russia, daylight tends to zero, so high-quality shooting in low light conditions is extremely important for us. At the same time, there are different shades of light: people want to look good in photographs, so that the skin looks not only natural, but also beautiful. Across the planet, similar feedback is being accumulated from the regional offices of Sony Mobile. It's impossible to standardize, but work is underway. The camera functions according to some average algorithm, a compromise is reached.
G8342 SETTINGS: ISO 40, F2, 1/2000 s, 4.4mm equiv.
Why does Sony Mobile ignore the optical image stabilization in the main camera and continue to use their electronic SteadyShot system?
If we installed optical stabilization in a smartphone, there would be many photos in which moving objects are very blurred due to the increase in shutter speed. This does not happen with SteadyShot. Yes, it might look spectacular, but I'm not sure that everyone will like it. SteadyShot gives us the ability to shoot at fast shutter speeds and avoid most blur. Automation itself understands what to do: if there is a dynamic plot in the frame, then the shutter speed will be minimal; if the picture is more static, the shutter speed increases. Of course, in normal conditions and in the absence of moving objects in the frame, smartphones with optical image stabilization shoot better than Sony, but here again we are talking about different scenarios.
- In what proportions and what affects mobile photography: sensor, optics, post-processing algorithms?
Sensor - 30%, optics - 30%, image processor (ISP) - 30% and post-processing algorithms - 10%. It all depends on the type of processor. For example, there is almost no post-processing in SLR cameras. Smartphones have technical limitations, so processing and post-processing is very important.
Any module developed in Sony Mobile is shown in the Digital Imaging division. They test our functions and issue some kind of certificate of conformity.
Sony Mobile is the only brand on the market, with the exception of the Google Pixel 2 smartphone, which completely ignores the dual camera trend. Why is this happening? When to expect a dual camera from Sony?
We monitor various trends. There are ideas for creating triple, quadruple cameras, combinations of different cameras. We introduced the stacked camera to the world. In our opinion, it gives a better experience than the dual camera. Technology in processors and graphics is evolving, as is the camera. In the near future, it will be time to show the dual camera. Perhaps Sony will surprise you.
G8142 SETTINGS: ISO 40, F2, 1/5000 s
- When will the Camera app on Sony Mobile devices become more convenient?
We work not only for professionals, but also for a general audience that is not so well versed in various settings.
If we talk about manual settings, then for most users there are enough parameters such as shutter speed, ISO, focus, white balance and exposure. All this is in our application. But there are more advanced and demanding users. I can't go into details, but there will be changes to the app in the near future.
At this point, Mashita-san asked us what we would like to see in Sony smartphones. Our answer was simple: RAW format.
- I would like to know your attitude to testing DxOMark. At the moment, Sony smartphones are not even in the top ten.
We are always looking at the scoreboard and feedback from this site. Some of their comments help us a lot. But I'm not sure if their tests can be 100% useful for most people in their use cases. Your colleagues at DxOMark have been giving us a lot of feedback while developing the testing policy, and it has been really helpful in many ways. In September, however, the benchmark changed to include scores for optical zoom and background blur, and of course the new system focuses on the dual camera. We have always taken and continue to take this platform seriously, but we want to look at a new method for distributing ratings, to understand the logic and trends. Time needs to pass.
In fact, we are talking not only about DxOMark, but also about other laboratory tests and methods that are used on the market. In my opinion, real shots show the camera performance better than any tests. We will continue to observe the methodology, look at the results, and perhaps turn to them again for feedback.
G8342 SETTINGS: ISO 40, F2, 1/1600s, 4.4mm equiv.
What are the technical limitations in mobile phone cameras today? Is it possible to see some kind of major breakthrough? For example, a one-inch matrix (as they did in the Panasonic CM-1) or a real telephoto lens. If you dream up, what would you like to see in a mobile camera? And what can actually happen?
In my opinion, a one-inch sensor in a smartphone camera is a great solution. But for sure, because of this, the thickness of the case and the weight of the gadget will increase. An optical telephoto lens also requires more space. And today the market offers us a solution in the form of a dual camera. But this is not enough for us. Most likely, in the near future the size of the sensors will not change. Perhaps the problems will somehow be solved by double, triple and “smart” cameras with artificial intelligence and machine learning.
I think that increasing the camera module is the next step in smartphone building. But if you dream up, then a one-inch sensor is great, but it is very difficult to insert it into a smartphone case. It may make sense to separate the smartphone and the camera, but Sony had it in the QX series. Maybe something will change in optics: G Master will be used instead of G Lens optics. The cost of such a smartphone will be very beneficial for us, but people will most likely not appreciate it. Technically, such an implementation is possible.
Still, the restrictions in SLR and mirrorless cameras are much less than in smartphones. But computing power is on the side of smartphones. Cameras have their own development path, smartphones have their own. Cameras should be comfortable and ergonomic, and they usually cost more than smartphones.
Sony is a leading manufacturer of digital photographic equipment. In the world of smartphones, its matrices for cameras are supplied to many companies both in finished form (in a case) and in the form of a “semi-finished product” - the sensors themselves, the modules on the basis of which are assembled by another company (like O-Film). One of the flagship matrices of 2016 is the Sony Exmor IMX298, which was liked by several manufacturers and used by them in their top smartphones. To learn more about the capabilities of this sensor, its review will help.
Specifications Sony Exmor IMX298
The Sony Exmor IMX298 technical description for potential customers is in the public domain, so it was not difficult to get acquainted with the official characteristics of the matrix. According to the document, the Sony Exmor IMX298 is a CMOS sensor and belongs to the BSI (Back Illuminated) type. Matrices of this type are characterized by improved, in comparison with conventional CMOS, photosensitivity. The camera supports phase detection autofocus, but it's not a full-fledged DualPixel.
The total size of the matrix is 6.433x4.92 mm, the diagonal of the effective area is 1/2.8 vidicon inches, which is equivalent to 6.521 mm. This size is standard for 16 MP mobile matrices, so the pixels have the classic dimensions of 1.12x1.12 microns. The real resolution of the Sony Exmor IMX298 sensor is 4720x1600 pixels, that is, almost 17 MP. Some of them are used for official needs (like electronic image stabilization), so only resolution up to 4672x3520 pixels or 16.44 MP is available for shooting.
Since smartphone camera software is designed to shoot in two formats, with frame proportions of 4:3 and 16:9, the resolution of the received frames will be even lower. Video shooting in theory can be carried out by a matrix even in full resolution at a frequency of 30 FPS, and the bitrate of the camera's system bus reaches 1.5 Gb / s. But since the capabilities of the camera are the most common video format (16:9), only 4K resolution (up to 4096x2160) with the same 30 FPS is actually available for use. When using FullHD resolution, the maximum frame rate increases to 60 frames per second.
An interesting feature of the Sony Exmor IMX298 is support for dual-matrix synchronization. But despite its presence, dual cameras with this sensor inside are not currently on the market.
Smartphones with Sony Exmor IMX298 camera
Since the launch of the Sony Exmor IMX298 matrix, many smartphones have been equipped with it. One of the first was Huawei Mate 8, released in November 2015. Other well-known camera smartphones based on Sony Exmor IMX298 are Xiaomi Mi5, OnePlus 3 and 3T, ZTE Nubia Z11 in all modifications, Asus ZenFone 3 series smartphones, LeEco Le Pro 3 and the best-selling Chinese smartphone of 2016 – Oppo R9. Devices less known to us that use such a camera sensor are Vivo Xplay 5, Vivo X7.
One of the latest devices that uses the Sony Exmor IMX298 matrix is the LG V20. Some sources report IMX234 (as in LG G5), but this is not true: the specified matrix has wide aspect ratio and its shots are limited to 2988 pixels in height. Since the LG V20 is capable of taking photos with a height of 3492 points, there can be no IMX234 in it.
Most of these smartphones are equipped with a basic matrix variant manufactured by Sony. Therefore, they use optics with an aperture of F / 2, and the module has an optical stabilization mechanism. However, it seems that some Chinese decided to save money and used a simplified version of the matrix: there is no optical stabilizer in Vivo and LeEco devices.
The capabilities of the Sony Exmor IMX298 camera are determined (and sometimes limited) by the quality of software optimization. For example, LG V20 was rated by DXOMark experts at 85 points, Xiaomi Mi5 received 79 points, and ZTE Nubia Z11 - 78 points. If we consider the potential of the camera from the perspective of a simple user, then the Sony Exmor IMX298 is a high-quality flagship sensor that takes good photos. Only the flagships of Samsung or Apple can surpass it in terms of shooting quality.
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