GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

21.1. On trunk cable communication lines (with symmetrical and coaxial cables), NUPs are used, installed between the POUs. The type, design and installation location of the NUP are determined by the project depending on the type of cable, transmission system and groundwater level.

21.2. A maintenance-free amplification point consists of an above-ground and an underground part. The ground part is a metal booth measuring 1800x1800x2400, manufactured in a factory and sent to the track assembled or disassembled. The ground part of the NUP can also consist of five reinforced concrete panels mounted at the installation site. When assembling the ground part from panels, all structures are connected by electric welding.

The underground part, depending on the type of cable and transmission system, can be a single-walled tank or container of appropriate dimensions. Examples of LUP installation depending on the type of cable and equipment are shown in Fig. 21.1 - 21.3.

Rice. 21.1. Underground buried LUP for 4×4 cables using K-60P type equipment at: low ( A), high ( b) groundwater level and sand cushion at low groundwater levels ( V):

1 - tank; 2 - ground part; 3 - foundation blocks F-1; 4 - sand cushion; 5 - bulk soil; 6 - stairs; 7 - estimated groundwater level

Rice. 21.2. Underground, regulating and correcting NUP on cable KMB-8/6:

1 - tank; 2 - ground part; 3 - foundation blocks F-1; 4 - mounting loop; 5 - steel pipe Æ 75 mm l= 1500 mm for entry of protection wires; 6 - estimated groundwater level

Rice. 21.3. Underground NUP on cables MKSB, KMB-4 and KMB-8/6 (see designations in Fig. 21.2)

21.3. The base for a tank or container can be a set of reinforced concrete foundation blocks F-1. The tank can also be installed on draining soil without a foundation.

21.4. Filling of the sinuses around the tank should be carried out in layers of 20 - 30 cm with compaction. The soil under the corners or under the asbestos-cement pipes through which the cable is inserted into the NUP must be compacted especially well. Around the NUP they arrange embankment, turf and improve the territory.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK

21.5. The construction of the NUP is divided into preparatory and main periods of work.

21.6. During the preparatory period, work is carried out to clarify the locations of the NUP construction. Procurement and assembly of all necessary products and structures, transportation of tanks, precast reinforced concrete, materials, and structures are carried out.

21.7. During the main period, work is carried out on the construction of the NUP in accordance with the PPR schedule for the construction of the communication cable trunk in the following order:

a) linking and laying out the location for installing the NUP in accordance with the project;

b) digging a pit for a tank with soil reclamation;

c) laying foundation blocks (in the version with a foundation);

d) installation and securing of the NUP tank;

d) backfilling the pit. Installation of special layers and sprinkling (in the version without a foundation);

f) installation and fastening of corners and asbestos-cement pipes for cable entry;

g) installation and fastening of the ground part of the LUP, installation of the floor, laying of steps;

h) landscaping of the territory, turfing of slopes.

21.8. The NUP construction column can be an independent unit, subordinate to the management of the cable main construction site, and can be part of a mechanized cable laying column. In the first case, the column is fully equipped with everything necessary for construction; in the second case, when the mechanical column approaches the construction site of the NUP, some of the mechanisms (bulldozer, truck crane, electric welding unit, car) and specialists are allocated from its composition for digging a pit and constructing the NUP.

21.9. An independently working column for the construction of a NUP is a complex team, working under a team contract, and consisting of six to seven workers of the following professions: truck crane operator, excavator operator, bulldozer operator, drivers, structure installers, electric welder, cable welder. To reduce the size of the brigade, it is advisable to use specialists with related professions.

21.42. When the groundwater level is high, the lower layer 500 mm thick is made of layer-by-layer compacted soil. The remaining layers are poured according to the above scheme. Compaction of low-moisture soils should be carried out with watering.

21.43. To ensure a tight fit of the soil to the surface of the tank, the backfill should be made of homogeneous soil: sand, sandy loam, light and medium loam.

21.44. When using heavy loams and clays for backfilling, clods in the soil used for the compacted layer must be crushed beforehand.

21.45. If there are silty soils or a thick layer of plant soil on the sites, it is necessary to construct an embankment from imported soil.

21.46. To drain surface water from the structure, a drainage tray up to 0.3 m deep is installed along the contour of the backfill with discharge into a low-lying part of the surrounding area. The slopes of the tray should be 0.8 from the backfill boundary

1m.

INSTALLATION AND SECURATION OF THE GROUND PART OF THE LUP

21.47. Before installing the ground part of the LUP, the completeness of its brackets, bolts and other parts must be checked.

21.48. The ground part of the NUP is mounted after filling the pit cavity to ground level. Installation of the ground part of the LUP is carried out using a truck crane. Installation of the ground part of the LUP from separate metal panels can be done manually.

21.49. Inside the ground part of the NUP, a wooden panel floor is arranged from panels laid on a well-compacted adobe preparation. The protective layer of soil above the tank must be at least 790 mm.

21.50. After all installation work has been completed in the NUP, the surrounding area should be landscaped.

PROTECTIVE WELLS FOR NUP

21.51. To protect the metal casing of NUP K-60P-4 (cable 1×4) from mechanical damage, a protective well is provided.

Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru

The protective well for the NUP can be made of brick (Fig. 21.10, a) or reinforced concrete (Fig. 21.10, b).

Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru

Rice. 21.10. Brick (a) and reinforced concrete (b) protective well on NUP equipment K-60-4:

1 - ground part; 2 - vinyl plastic glass; 3 - asbestos-cement pipe Æ 325 mm and l = 1400 mm; 4 - concrete pad M100; 5 - metal pipe Æ 25 mm and l = 350 mm; 6 - protective corner 75×75×7; 7 - cable; 8 - reinforced concrete bars B-24; 9 - blind area; 10 - mounting loop; 11 - strand made of reinforcing steel Æ 6 mm; 12 - brick well; 13 - reinforced concrete ring; 14 - hatch; 15 - paws; 16 - reinforced concrete belt; 17 - compacted bulk soil.

21.52. The protective well for the metal body of the NUP is built from red brick M-75, wall thickness 250 mm. The basis for the brick walls are prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels. Legs made of 75×75 angle steel, 100 mm long, are embedded into the masonry along the top of the well, to which a light-type cast iron hatch is welded using E-42 electrodes. The thickness of the seam should be 6 mm. Along the contour, the hatch is reinforced with three reinforcing steel rods with a diameter of 6 mm, connected through 150 mm by transverse reinforcing steel rods of the same diameter. The structure is filled with M200 concrete mortar.

21.53. The outside of the protective well is plastered, coated twice with hot bitumen, and the entire height is embanked with compacted soil, on top of which a turf or plant layer 15 cm thick is laid. Then perennial grasses are sown and a pavement is arranged in the lower part of the embankment. The seams are sealed on the inner surface of the well.

21.54. A protective well made of a prefabricated reinforced concrete ring is constructed according to the same principle as a brick one. The base also serves as prefabricated timber lintels. The outer walls and precast concrete blocks in contact with the ground are coated with bitumen.

21.55. The LUP body is attached to the base of the foundation with reinforcing steel with a diameter of 6 mm (Fig. 21.10, a, c, node A). After completion of the installation work, the protective well is covered with a floor slab and an embankment of local soil and a blind area are arranged around it.

21.56. Container NUP system K-300 is installed on a reinforced concrete slab. The container lid must be above the upper flood water level and at least 250 mm from the ground level. The NUP container body is secured to the foundation with a tie made of reinforcing steel with a diameter of 6 mm (Fig. 21.11, node A).

Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru

Rice. 21.11. Underground unit for MKTS cable with compaction equipment K-300:

1 - container; 2 - ground part; 3 - reinforced concrete base slab; 4 - columnar foundation; 5 - mounting loop; 6 - container mounting loop; 7 - lifting loop of the base plate; 8 - strand made of reinforcing steel Æ 6 mm

21.57. To protect the container from external influences, a ground metal booth made of thin sheet steel (walls, ceilings) is installed above it. All metal parts of the LUP must be protected from corrosion.

21.58. The ground metal part of the NUP is installed on a prefabricated reinforced concrete columnar foundation.

21.59. The floors in the above-ground part of the NUP are made of wooden panels TsP-1, laid on a compacted adobe base.

21.60. Before entering the NUP, reinforced concrete blocks are laid on a sand bed.

includes:

Structurally, NRP-K12 is made in the form of a cast iron container, consisting of a body and a lid. An air valve is installed on the lid of the container, through which air is pumped into the container, and a connector for connecting an official communication device. To connect the NRP-K12 to the main cable, the housing is equipped with an input consisting of a sealed coupling and two TG-50x2xO.7 clamp-belts. The switchboard also contains an SPD low pressure indicator, a locking button and a strip with resistors for the telemonitoring system.

The block diagram of the RL block is shown in Figure 1. The block includes two RLs for two transmission directions, a remote power supply receiver and linear transformers.

Figure 1. Block diagram of the NRP-K12 linear regenerator unit

Let's consider the block diagram of a linear regenerator and the timing diagrams of its operation. Figure 2. The digital signal, weakened and distorted as it passes through the cable pair, through the balun transformer Tr1 enters the input of the linear corrector LC, which includes an adjustable artificial RID line, a correction amplifier KU, an automatic control device for the AGC level and a pulse separation device according to the polarity of the UR. The KU amplifier corrects the shape of the digital signal pulses at the maximum attenuation of the previous regeneration section in such a way that at the output of the amplifier the pulses have a bell-shaped shape, an amplitude of 2.4 V with a width at half the amplitude, equal to the duration of the clock interval. The attenuation of the RIL is set. AGC system so that when the attenuation of the cable circuit changes, the amplitude of the pulses at the output of the LK remains unchanged.

The corrected bipolar digital signal is converted by a separation device into unipolar sequences of positive and inverted negative pulses. These sequences are sent to the inputs of the decision making devices of the reactor control system; and RUg, where code symbols are identified. Restoration of pulses in shape, duration and time position occurs in the output pulse generator FVI. The regenerated pulses from the FVI are combined in the balun transformer Tr2 and are supplied to the input of the next regeneration section.

Figure 2. Block diagram a) and timing diagrams of operation (b) RL

Telemonitoring devices allow you to monitor up to 10 NRPs using a special pair.

Figure 3. Scheme for determining the location of a cable break along the DP circuit

Control questions:

1. Purpose of SALT
2. Appointment of DP
3. Functionality of PO-2.
4. Show the signal paths when transmitting information
5. Draw a diagram in coordination mode and explain.
6. Draw a circuit in DP mode and explain the purpose of capacitors.
7. Purpose of PDKR.
8. What is the purpose of service communication, the routes of passage of the SS.
9. Purpose of the station regenerator RS.
10. What is telemonitoring intended for? Draw a diagram of how telemonitoring is organized.

Test questions:

1. What function does the DP perform?

A) provides food to the NRP; B) provides food to the PIU; C) provides power to the OLT; D) provides food to the TC; E) carries out coordination of the NRP:

Unattended regeneration and amplification points of transmission lines are designed to accommodate transmission system equipment (regenerators, amplifiers, switching and radio transmission equipment), power supply equipment, input and termination of communication cables, power supply cables and cable terminals.

After the Great Patriotic War, multiple telephony systems over symmetrical cables became widespread on the long-distance telephone network of the former Soviet Union. At the end of the 50s, industry completed the development of K-60 equipment using vacuum tubes. In the early 60s, mass serial production of this equipment began. The amplifiers of maintenance-free amplification points (NUP) of the K-60 equipment used electronic tubes with a guaranteed service life of 5000 hours.
In 1960, TsNIIS (now NPO "Dalnyaya Svyaz") completed work on the creation of primary unattended amplifier stations using transistors for 24- and 60-channel transmission systems (NUP K-24P and NUP K-60P) for a single-quadruple cable. At the end of 1964, the K-60P equipment was put into production.

The K-60P system is widely used on intrazonal networks to operate over a symmetrical cable with conductors with a diameter of 1.2 mm.
Conversion of currents of conversational frequencies 0.3 - 3.4 KHz into a linear frequency spectrum 12 - 252 KHz is carried out by three conversion stages - one individual and two group. Using two pairs of two cables, 60 HF channels can be organized in the linear spectrum up to 252 kHz.
The operating range of the system is 12,500 km (i.e., it is intended to be used on the backbone section of the primary network). Up to 12 NUPs can be located in the OUP-OUP section. The length of the reinforcement section is up to 19 km.

The maintenance-free amplification point of the K-60P-4 transmission system, used on symmetrical single-four high-frequency cables of the ZKP, ZKA, MKS, MKSA types, consists of an underground vinyl plastic cup in which the amplification equipment is located, and a surface metal case where the input cable devices are located. In the lower part of the ground housing there are inlet pipes through which the ends of the single-quad stub cables are removed from the LUP. Inside the housing, the ends of the stub cables end in gas-tight connectors, which are used to connect to station devices. The inlet pipes with stub cables are carefully sealed to protect the LUP from moisture penetration into it. The inclusion of the NUP in the line is carried out by installing couplings at the junction of the stub cables with the linear cables.

In the diagram below:
1 - body; 2 - protective concrete (brick) well; 3 - hatch; 4 - embankment; 5 - load-bearing plate; 6 - blind area; 7 - inlet steel pipes; 8 - asbestos-cement pipe; 9 - stub cable; 10 - coupling; 11 - linear cable

Details about the K-60PZh system

27.08.2015

*****
NUP - “bunkers”, “cache”, “little holes” for one around us or where to hide for a while.

In the ward, the question periodically comes up about a place and a way to sit for a short time, hide, let’s say take a break from the obsessive attention of the most dangerous animals - two-legged predators of different colors and materials - wool, tarpaulin, etc., or to escape from bad weather and animals.

There are collectors - it’s dangerous, unsanitary, in addition, people without a fixed place of residence and former intelligent people cooperate with...

While driving along the highway or walking, you probably noticed and paid attention to mysterious incomprehensible fungi and booths sticking out of the ground.

This NUPs - unattended regeneration (reinforcement) points— points at which regeneration (digital transmission system) or amplification (analog or digital transmission system) of the signal is carried out.

Physically represents a container (for example, a barrel) buried in the ground at a shallow depth, in which a regenerator or amplifier is placed. A buried container usually has a superstructure (wooden, brick, iron or reinforced concrete). The location of the regenerator or amplifier in the upper part of the superstructure is also common. Within the city limits, it is possible to locate the NRP/NUP in a building, in an underground metro station or in a distribution cabinet.

In addition to regeneration/reinforcing equipment, the NRP/NUP may contain power supply equipment (external or remote), batteries, heating, ventilation and air conditioning devices, lighting devices, telecontrol devices (control of air pressure in the cable and in the cylinder, control of closing doors and covers, control of the presence of water in the chamber, temperature control, humidity control, power control), equipment for maintaining cables under excess air pressure, electric compressor units, compressed air cylinders.

Due to the collapse of the system and the change of equipment, many NUPs are abandoned, looted and neglected.
But the old systems still work for the villages, technological communication between gas workers, oil workers, power engineers (sometimes they also have underground)
Inside there may already be a PCM or DSL regenerator of the Orion type.

ATTENTION! Don't open it, don't touch it if it works. If you have already opened it, then take a photo as a souvenir - but don’t take it apart, look at it - close it as it was. NOTHING TO TAKE THERE!

Be sure to ventilate. There were cases when idiots suffocated.

In addition, if God forbid this is “special communications”, then the consequences of curiosity may be sad, before lethal.
Please don't be monkeys!

Here's what they look like:
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Best regards, Yaroslav. avtokanal.com