More recently, a new device from Sony has appeared on the market that will turn any surface into a holographic touch screen. This is not just another high-tech gadget, but an incredibly useful and convenient thing in the household. And there is no doubt that the novelty will be appreciated by both men and representatives of the beautiful half of humanity.

From the very moment when science fiction writers first came up with holographic images, engineers and scientists have tried to recreate this technology. In recent years, the efforts of enthusiasts in this area have been raised to an unprecedented scale. This is facilitated primarily by the technological progress of recent years in areas potentially close to the issue. Despite the fact that today no one has succeeded in creating full-fledged holograms (such that just like in "Star Wars"!), There are already extremely interesting samples on the market. One of these was the recent creation of the company Sony - Xperia Touch projector.

What is this curious novelty, and how is it generally related to holograms? The point is, the Xperia Touch is a touch-enabled projector. Unfortunately, it does not yet provide a volumetric image, but it is capable of transmitting an interactive image. This means that the user can physically interact with the projected image in the same way as he interacts with any touch screen on a smartphone or tablet.

There will be a myriad of uses for the Xperia Touch in every home. The gadget can be safely used instead of some kind of screen, for example, instead of a computer monitor or even a TV. More importantly, there are many applications for the Xperia Touch, as the projector transforms any surface, such as a wall or table, into a touchscreen. This is great for homework, food preparation, and many other activities.

The projector is controlled both directly and from a mobile device. It is also important that the Xperia Touch can be connected to a Wi-Fi network. This allows you to surf the internet. The projector allows you to leave messages and reminders for loved ones, including graphics. It has its own data bank. The device weighs only 932 grams, and its dimensions are 69 x 134 x 143 mm. The maximum diagonal projected onto the surface of the screen is 23-inches. The device can also act as an incredibly powerful stereo speaker. Works both from the mains and from the lithium-ion battery.

Ananenko Ilya

The work examines the creation of a holographic pyramid from a smartphone and improvised materials.

Download:

Preview:

MOU "Mogoytuyskaya secondary school No. 1 named after V.R. Glasko"

NPK for younger students "I am a researcher"

Research work on the topic

"Creation of a holographic 3D-projector"

Completed by: Ananenko Ilya,

2nd grade student

Head: I. V. Baranova

smt. Can you

2017 year

1. Introduction
2. What is a hologram and a projector?
3. 3D - holographic projectors in the modern world.
4. The practical part. Creation of a holographic projector.
5. Conclusion.
6. List of sources.

Applications.

1. Introduction

In fantasy cartoons, we often see bright, translucent screens that are controlled by gestures and voice commands. For example, in the cartoon "Alice Knows What to Do" they show a school, an apartment, a telephone, city streets, where her dad appears in any place by Alice's voice, although he is on another planet. Very interesting!

And on TV they show concerts where a person is dancing on the stage, although he is not there. I decided to find out what it is. Mom and Dad replied that this is a hologram, and it appears with the help of a special apparatus - a projector, which is very expensive and is rarely used by anyone at home. For me, all these words and objects turned out to be incomprehensible: a hologram, a projector. And why can't you do all this yourself, at home?

Incomprehensible questions and the desire to do something unusual have become the topic of my research work.

Object of study: holographic 3D projector.

Subject of study:... holographic images. Objective of the project: to design a holographic 3D projector at home.

Tasks:

1. find out what a projector and a hologram are;
2. find out if holographic 3D projectors are used in the modern world;
3. using a smartphone and a pyramid to construct a 3D projector;
4. test the product (in front of classmates);
5. draw conclusions.

Hypothesis: if you create a 3D projector with your own hands, it will be possible to demonstrate video holograms at home.

Practical significance:We can use the assembled product for entertainment at birthdays, at school holidays. And also with the help of the projector we have created, in the future we will be able to visualize models of various objects of the world around us in the lessons. For example, in the lessons of the surrounding world in work in pairs or groups.

2. What is hologram and projector?

Not a single sci-fi cartoon film, in which the action takes place both in the near and in the very distant future, can do without holographic devices. Hologram Is a three-dimensional three-dimensional image, which, in fact, helps the characters to communicate with each other.

Today in a narrower, scientific sensehologram is a special kind of photography, which are created under special lighting, similar to three-dimensional images. A holographic photograph can even be created without much difficulty in practice. The main thing is the mechanism for creating a multidimensional, at first glance, image. A holographic effect is provided with the help of a semitransparent mirror that separates the laser beams into two clear beams. The latter are also called by scientists the subject and reference wave. The first wave reflects the photographed object and hits the film, and the second meets it on the film itself, while bypassing the object from other angles. This is how, in principle, a 3D hologram is created.

With ordinary photographs, everything is always extremely simple. The eye perceives the image as it is only on the plane. In turn, the laser light of the hologram reproduces all the necessary categories of the image - density, color, lighting - and gives a full-fledged image from any point from which you can look at it. You just can't make a hologram like a photograph. I will study this issue in more detail when I study physics in high school.

To see or reproduce a hologram, a special apparatus is required - projector. What is it?

Projector - appliance designed to createImages small flat object on a large screen. Speaking of projection equipment, it should be noted that any projection system consists of parts such as a projected object, a lens and a light source (laser).

The very word projector and projection comes from the Latin "projicio", which means "I throw forward." This phrase describes the operation of a traditional projector that "throws forward" or projects an image onto a screen.

Projectors are used to display images. They can be used at concerts, laser shows, in schools, at presentations, for advertising products, in medicine. They can be conditionally divided into: flat (the image is flat, on one side) and volumetric (we can see the image of an object from different sides).

The types of projectors can be seen in Appendix 1.

1. 3D - holographic projectors in the modern world

The very process of creating holograms and holographic projectors is quite complicated and requires a lot of study. However, technologies are now beginning to develop that make it possible to create such projectors. They are already in use in the modern world.

The holographic laser mini-projector is used in nightclubs for discotheque organizations, in stores to attract customers. It can be used to create complex laser patterns and 3d corridors combined with smoke effects.

Today, holographic projectors are widely used in advertising. Surely, many have seen how at the presentation of a new car, the presenters show the so-called laser show. A small video is played in front of the gathered people, the image of which is three-dimensional, and all events develop as if in front of the audience. In fact, the visible image is a hologram projected by a projector.

Holographic pyramids are now widely used.

Where can the equipment be placed to create a holographic pyramid with 3D projections inside? It can be various entertainment centers or shopping areas, it can be exhibition halls or presentation events.

In addition, today quite often such pyramids are installed in crowded places: train stations, airports, hotels, restaurants, bars, cafes. Holographic 3D pyramids are already firmly entrenched abroad, and they can be found at any exhibition. They are used to display 3D commercials of a product, or just a 3D mockup, such as a phone, camera, building, or whatever. Also, such pyramids have another purpose - a virtual showcase, which is guaranteed to attract interest in the video being played.

4.Practical part. Creation of a holographic projector.

We assumed that a 3D holographic projector could be made at home and obtained a volumetric image using a pyramidal holographic projector.

Having studied the videos on the Internet, we decided to construct a model of such a projector and test it.

To make a projector, we need:

• glue "Titan";
• utility knife or scissors;
• film for lamination;
• mobile phone (smartphone);
• black cardboard;
• thin glass;
• hollow plastic tubes;
• holographic video.

Manufacturing progress:

1) we make a stencil of the side of the pyramid;

2) first, temporarily glue the stencil on double-sided tape to transparent plastic;

Please note that the angle of inclination of the side faces of the pyramid must be exactly 45 degrees.

4) repeat this operation three more times to end up with four identical blanks;

5) when the blanks for the 3D illusion are ready, free them from the backing and glue them together to get a pyramid;

6) we make a table from tubes, thin glass and black cardboard;

7) an optical pyramid is placed in the center of the smartphone screen and the corresponding video clip is launched. The video for the hologram must be exclusively on a black background.

We make a viewing of a volumetric holographic image.

That's all. The holographic projector is ready!

Photo of the manufacture in Appendix 2.

By the way, such a small factory-made pyramid costs about 2,000 rubles on the Internet. However, it turns out that you can save money and make such a holographic projector that will work on the basis of a phone with your own hands.

The hologram that we receive in the holographic installation we have assembled is four flat images of one object, created from four different sides. These four images, falling into one point, are perceived by the human eye as a single volumetric image.

Consider the process of obtaining one of these four images. It is similar to the process of obtaining an image in a flat mirror. A mirror can be any smooth, shiny surface that reflects light. But most mirrors are made from sheets of glass, the back of which is coated with a thin layer of reflective materials or metals, including silver. We see everything around us because light waves reflect off objects and enter our eyes, creating images that our brain recognizes. You see yourself in the mirror because the light waves bouncing off your body are re-reflected by the mirror's shiny surface and into your eyes. But this double reflection creates a strange effect - everything seems to be turned in the opposite direction. If, for example, you bring an open book to the mirror, you will see the text printed in it not from left to right, but, on the contrary, from right to left. In the same way, this double reflection of light allows you to see yourself in a window pane or on the surface of standing water.

In the same way, a hologram is created: four parts of the video are reflected in four sides of the prism, merging into one volumetric image.

5. Conclusion

Working on the topic of our research, we managed to find out what a hologram and a projector are. We also learned whether holographic projectors exist in the modern world and what they are used for.

Using a smartphone and materials at hand, we managed to create a 3D holographic projector construction and assemble an experimental sample. We also demonstrated it in class. The guys watched with interest and asked questions.

Thus, our hypothesis was confirmed - it became possible to demonstrate video holograms at home.

1. List of sources

1. Bibliographic description: Alekseev VE, Malgarov II Self-made holographic 3D pyramid // Young scientist. - 2016. - No. 4.1. - S. 107-109.

Annex 1

Overhead projector - used to display photographs on the screen.

Movie projector - used to display films on the screen.

Multimedia projector - used in schools to display information from a computer, laptop, etc.

Kodoscope - used to project a photo or text onto any plane

3D projector - displays the image on the screen, used with 3D glasses.

Mini 3d projector

holographic 3d projector - used for holographic advertising

Appendix 2

clipping template

making the sides of the pyramid

assembling the pyramid

assembling the base for the pyramid on black cardboard on glass

Introduction
In fantasy cartoons, we often see bright, translucent screens that are controlled by gestures and voice commands. For example, in the cartoon "Alice Knows What to Do" they show a school, an apartment, a telephone, city streets, where her dad appears in any place by Alice's voice, although he is on another planet. Very interesting!
And on TV they show concerts where a person is dancing on the stage, although he is not there. I decided to find out what it is. Mom and Dad replied that this is a hologram, and it appears with the help of a special apparatus - a projector, which is very expensive and is rarely used by anyone at home. For me, all these words and objects turned out to be incomprehensible: a hologram, a projector. And why can't you do all this yourself, at home?
Incomprehensible questions and the desire to do something unusual have become the topic of my research work.

Object of study: holographic 3D projector.

Subject of study: holographic images.

Objective of the project: to design a holographic 3D projector at home.

Tasks:
1) find out what a projector and a hologram are;
2) find out if holographic 3D - projectors are used in the modern world;
3) using a smartphone and a pyramid to construct a 3D projector;
4) test the product (in front of classmates);
5) draw conclusions.

Hypothesis: if you create a 3D projector with your own hands, it will be possible to demonstrate video holograms at home.

Practical significance: We can use the assembled product for entertainment at birthdays, at school holidays. And also with the help of the projector we have created, in the future we will be able to visualize models of various objects of the world around us in the lessons. For example, in the lessons of the surrounding world in work in pairs or groups.

What is a hologram and a projector?
Not a single sci-fi cartoon film, in which the action takes place both in the near and in the very distant future, can do without holographic devices. A hologram is a three-dimensional three-dimensional image, which, in fact, helps the characters to communicate with each other.
Today, in a narrower, scientific sense, a hologram is a special kind of photographs that are created under special lighting, similar to three-dimensional images. A holographic photograph can even be created without much difficulty in practice. The main thing is the mechanism for creating a multidimensional, at first glance, image. A holographic effect is provided with the help of a semitransparent mirror that separates the laser beams into two clear beams. The latter are also called by scientists the subject and reference wave. The first wave reflects the photographed object and hits the film, and the second meets it on the film itself, while bypassing the object from other angles. This is how, in principle, a 3D hologram is created.
With ordinary photographs, everything is always extremely simple. The eye perceives the image as it is only on the plane. In turn, the laser light of the hologram reproduces all the necessary categories of the image - density, color, lighting - and gives a full-fledged image from any point from which you can look at it. You just can't make a hologram like a photograph. I will study this issue in more detail when I study physics in high school.
To see or reproduce a hologram, you need a special apparatus - a projector. What is it?
A projector is a device designed to create an image of a small flat object on a large screen. Speaking of projection equipment, it should be noted that any projection system consists of parts such as a projected object, a lens and a light source (laser).
The very word projector and projection comes from the Latin "projicio", which means "I throw forward." This phrase describes the operation of a traditional projector that "throws forward" or projects an image onto a screen.
Projectors are used to display images. They can be used at concerts, laser shows, in schools, at presentations, for advertising products, in medicine. They can be conditionally divided into: flat (the image is flat, on one side) and volumetric (we can see the image of an object from different sides).
The types of projectors can be seen in Appendix 1.
1.3D - holographic projectors in the modern world
The very process of creating holograms and holographic projectors is quite complicated and requires a lot of study. However, technologies are now beginning to develop that make it possible to create such projectors. They are already in use in the modern world.
The holographic laser mini-projector is used in nightclubs for discotheque organizations, in stores to attract customers. It can be used to create complex laser patterns and 3d corridors combined with smoke effects.
Today, holographic projectors are widely used in advertising. Surely, many have seen how at the presentation of a new car, the presenters show the so-called laser show. A small video is played in front of the gathered people, the image of which is three-dimensional, and all events develop as if in front of the audience. In fact, the visible image is a hologram projected by a projector.
Holographic pyramids are now widely used.
Where can the equipment be placed to create a holographic pyramid with 3D projections inside? It can be various entertainment centers or shopping areas, it can be exhibition halls or presentation events.
In addition, today quite often such pyramids are installed in crowded places: train stations, airports, hotels, restaurants, bars, cafes. Holographic 3D pyramids are already firmly entrenched abroad, and they can be found at any exhibition. They are used to display 3D commercials of a product, or just a 3D mockup, such as a phone, camera, building, or whatever. Also, such pyramids have another purpose - a virtual showcase, which is guaranteed to attract interest in the video being played.

The practical part. Creation of a holographic projector.
We assumed that a 3D holographic projector could be made at home and obtained a volumetric image using a pyramid holographic projector.
Having studied the videos on the Internet, we decided to construct a model of such a projector and test it.
To make a projector, we need:
... glue "Titan";
... utility knife or scissors;
... film for lamination;
... mobile phone (smartphone);
... black cardboard;
... thin glass;
... hollow plastic tubes;
... holographic video.
Manufacturing progress:
1) we make a stencil of the side of the pyramid;
2) first, temporarily glue the stencil on double-sided tape to transparent plastic;
3) then, using a clerical knife or scissors, we will make deep cuts and then cut out.
Please note that the angle of inclination of the side faces of the pyramid must be exactly 45 degrees.
4) repeat this operation three more times to end up with four identical blanks;
5) when the blanks for the 3D illusion are ready, free them from the backing and glue them together to get a pyramid;
6) we make a table from tubes, thin glass and black cardboard;
7) an optical pyramid is placed in the center of the smartphone screen and the corresponding video clip is launched. The video for the hologram must be exclusively on a black background.
We make a viewing of a volumetric holographic image.
That's all. The holographic projector is ready!
Photo of the manufacture in Appendix 2.
By the way, such a small factory-made pyramid costs about 2,000 rubles on the Internet. However, it turns out that you can save money and make such a holographic projector that will work on the basis of a phone with your own hands.
The hologram that we receive in the holographic installation we have assembled is four flat images of one object, created from four different sides. These four images, falling into one point, are perceived by the human eye as a single volumetric image.
Consider the process of obtaining one of these four images. It is similar to the process of obtaining an image in a flat mirror. A mirror can be any smooth, shiny surface that reflects light. But most mirrors are made from sheets of glass, the back of which is coated with a thin layer of reflective materials or metals, including silver. We see everything around us because light waves reflect off objects and enter our eyes, creating images that our brain recognizes. You see yourself in the mirror because the light waves bouncing off your body are re-reflected by the mirror's shiny surface and into your eyes. But this double reflection creates a strange effect - everything seems to be turned in the opposite direction. If, for example, you bring an open book to the mirror, you will see the text printed in it not from left to right, but, on the contrary, from right to left. In the same way, this double reflection of light allows you to see yourself in a window pane or on the surface of standing water.
In the same way, a hologram is created: four parts of the video are reflected in four sides of the prism, merging into one volumetric image.

Conclusion
Working on the topic of our research, we managed to find out what a hologram and a projector are. We also learned whether holographic projectors exist in the modern world and what they are used for.
Using a smartphone and materials at hand, we managed to create a 3D holographic projector construction and assemble an experimental sample. We also demonstrated it in class. The guys watched with interest and asked questions.
Thus, our hypothesis was confirmed - it became possible to demonstrate video holograms at home.

Ever since Princess Leia in Star Wars. Episode IV: A New Hope "appeared in the form of a hologram, a lot has changed. The technologies of the future are now: for example, the 3D telepresence technology we saw in Star Trek. Portals for pseudo-holographic video conferencing, tablets with holographic displays and affordable holographic projectors are coming soon. Art Electronics decided to figure out how the technology of holography will develop and whether we will soon live in the future that science fiction has invented.

A hologram is a three-dimensional image that is created using a laser. A hologram essentially reproduces an image of a three-dimensional object. You literally see a real object, but this is just a picture. A holographic object can be bypassed, given depth, which 3D technology cannot do. Unlike holograms, 3D uses a stereo effect when viewing two flat images. The stereo effect is the psychophysiological effect of the brain interpreting different (due to a shift in the observation position) images from two eyes.

A hologram is formed in the air, and a 3D image is an illusion of volume that is created on a flat screen. Holography can be hybrid: 3D holography, or pseudo-holography - when you can walk around the image, and it will change as if you were walking around a holographic object. This illusion is possible thanks to cameras with motion controllers and 3D projection onto a cylindrical screen.

Despite the fact that a modern person is surrounded by entire ecosystems of technologies, it is not yet possible to get used to 3D technologies: some viewers quickly get tired of their eyes,. However, one cannot but agree that the future of visual technologies lies in volume and realism.

The trend for three-dimensionality has embraced not only the field of cinema, marketing, but also television.

Researcher Daniel Smalley from MIT Media Lab proposed a technology for holographic television based on the use of an optical chip. You can even see diagrams and descriptions on his blog.

One of the 2D images that make up David Smalley's holographic stereogram

Japanese developers have already proposed a variant of holographic TVs, which should become popular by 2020. Back in February 2006, Japanese scientists were working on the so-called "realistic 3D images."

Pseudo holography

Pseudo-holographic technology TeleHuman, or "stereo-Skype", allows you to talk with holographic images, make meetings like in a movie "Star Wars".

This technology was developed by the research group of professor Roela Vertegaala from the laboratory Human media lab at the canadian university Queen "s University... The technology is not as complex as one might think.

TeleHuman consists of several 3D cameras with motion sensors Microsoft Kinect, a 1.8m high acrylic cylindrical display, a 3D projector and a convex mirror. Two people in different geographic locations stand in front of their cylindrical portal-pods. 3D cameras with motion controllers Microsoft Kinect mounted on the top of the cylinder captures a person, continuously converts data into an image and in real time transmit a full-size three-dimensional image to the interlocutor's cylindrical display. The cylindrical portal does not show the hologram yet. This is only a screen, but it is able to show a person in 360 degrees - if desired, the interlocutor can be seen from the side and from the back.

Holographic display tablets

Christopher East from the company WaterWorks created a visualization of the idea of ​​a phone with holographic technology. East is convinced that such a phone will not only be indispensable for presentations and the work of designers and architects, but also become an important tool in the fields of marketing, urbanism and education.

Holographic events

The entertainment industry is reaching new heights with mapping and holographic technologies. You can even arrange concerts for artists who are no longer alive. Hologram speeches Tupaca Shakura at the festival Coachella 2012 or Michael Jackson at the music award Billboard Music Awards in 2014 became a sensation, but for the organizers they turned out to be too expensive so far.

Joint performance of the hologram of Tupac Shakur and Dr. Dre, 2012

The academic community has also taken an interest in holographic technology for events and is using it as both an educational and a marketing tool. Holographic projectors are very popular in the market. They show holograms in 360 degrees and allow you to interact with them: twist, zoom in and out, watch the menu.

3 x 3 m hologram produced by four projectors ViTech

Holographic projector Holo

Holographic teleportation

Company Microsoft presented the process of holographic teleportation, or, more simply, the transmission of a three-dimensional image of the interlocutor at a distance by scanning it in real time and creating a 3D model with textures stretched over it.

Holoportation technology from Microsoft

This is possible only if there are two rooms that are equipped with special cameras. Such communication can be recorded on the hard disk of the computer and reviewed. Moreover, you can see the scene from all sides, as if present inside it, as well as reduce or enlarge 3D models.

Tactile hologram

Specialists of the Japanese scientific laboratory Digital nature group created a hologram that you can safely touch with your hands.

Tactile hologram Digital nature group

In the series "Star Trek" the sensation of touch was created by force fields, but Japanese researchers used femtosecond lasers. The effect of a safe to the touch hologram was achieved by reducing the duration of laser pulses and the transition from nanoseconds to femtoseconds - millionths of a billionth of a second. A holographic image is made up of tiny volumetric elements called voxels. A voxel is a point of light emitted by a plasma that is created when air is ionized by a laser.

The listed technologies from cinema only confirm optimistic forecasts about the future of holographic technologies. Hollywood releases several science fiction films every year. Who knows what technologies still await us in the fantastic future.

Pseudo-holography and holography for communication: telepresence technologies

Soon it will be possible to talk to 3D images of your colleagues and friends in much the same way as in Star Trek. Already today, this allows the pseudo-holographic technology TeleHuman, which was developed by the research group of Professor Roel Vertegaal from the Human Media Lab at Queen's University of Canada."Stereo-Skype". TeleHuman allows people in different parts of the world to communicate with a three-dimensional image of the interlocutor, standing in front of each other. "Why Skype when you can talk to a full-length 3D holographic image of your interlocutor?" - asks Professor Vertegaal. What do they think about it in Skype and 300 million Skype users, one can only guess. (I recall an old and not very censorship joke about "The old man-father decided to divide the inheritance between his three sons." Wow ",- said the fourth son "). In general, it is logical to expect from Skype a special interest in 3D telepresence technologies.

How does it work? It turns out that the technology is not as complex as one might think, the team itself says in a press release. consists of several 3D cameras with Microsoft Kinect motion sensors, a 1.8m high acrylic cylindrical display, a 3D projector and a convex mirror. Two people in different geographic locations stand in front of their cylindrical portal pods. 3D cameras with Microsoft Kinect motion controllers mounted on top of the cylinder capture a person, continuously convert data into an image and transmit a full-size 3D image in real time to the interlocutor's cylindrical display. The cylindrical portal does not show the hologram yet. This is only a screen, but it is able to show a person in 360 degrees - if desired, the interlocutor can be seen from the side and from the back.

Illustration and video: Human Media Lab

1. Thanks to volumetric "vision", 3D cameras with Microsoft Kinect motion controllers transmit a three-dimensional image of the interlocutor in motion in real time. 2. A 3D projector creates a three-dimensional image of the interlocutor on a cylindrical display. 3. In this case, the illusion arises thatin the center of the portal formedinterlocutor hologram, although in fact this technology does not create a hologram.

In addition to pseudo-holography, vigorous development of the technology of direct holographic telepresence in a communication context is expected. Almost everything is ready for this. An IBM study found 3,000 techno experts surveyed are confident: holographic calls- technology that will enter the market in the next five years. Perhaps they will actively talk about it already in 2014. In particular, the Polish company Leia Display Systems is working on the technology of holographic calls.