Tuning a 4g parabolic antenna. Panel Antennas

20.07.2019 Advice

The article will be useful to those who are looking for an antenna and equipment to enhance the mobile 3G and 4G Internet signal, or a repeater to enhance cellular communication.

The frequency of the 3G / 4G signal is the initial parameter in choosing an antenna. For example, you may not know the location of base stations on the ground - just pick up the signal and determine the direction by level by twisting the antenna. But if you do not know the frequency, then the signal may not be caught at all.

Important! All tests are recommended to be performed at the point of the planned antenna installation (with a laptop + modem, ideally on the roof), because indoors, the modem may not pick up a signal in the 2600 MHz (4G) range, but for an outdoor antenna it is the most effective!
Due to the fact that the methods for determining the frequency of GSM / 3G / 4G / 4G + differ, we will consider them separately.

1. Mobile method:

1. Androyd:
Attention! Turn off Wi-Fi!
To test the frequency, the built-in technical menu "Netmonitor" is used, which is called up by a personal code in each smartphone model. List of Android phones and codes such as * # 0011 # or * # * # 4636 # * # * or * # * # 197328640 # * # * can be found

For Samsung:Disable Wi-Fi, and select 3G or 4G LTE mode. In the field for entering the phone number, dial the combination: * # 0011 #, after which the phone will enter the service mode with a report on the signal of the BS to which you are connected.

3G parameter values:

uarfcn(can be denoted as RX): Channel number that defines the frequency. If the value is from 10562-10838, then you have 3G / UMTS 2100 MHz. If 2937-3088, then this is 3G / UMTS 900 MHz. In our case uarfcn = 10687 hence the frequency 3G = 2100.
EcIo (Ec / Io or Ec / No): the ratio of the signal level to the noise level in (the higher the indicator, the better). The lower the load (the network is free), the closer the EcIo indicator tends to 0. With an increase in the number of subscribers, the bandwidth decreases - the ratio deteriorates down to -12 ..- 14 dB, after which, according to the settings, 3G-> 2G switching can occur. Perhaps you should choose a direction to a freer tower. For 4G, this parameter is denoted as CINR .
RSCP:(Reference Signal Received Power) The strength of the received signal that your device receives when it is connected to the BS. -70 is good, -100 is bad.

4G LTE values:

Band: The frequency at which the 4G network tower operates. There are 3 of them in total. In our case Band: 7 this is the frequency 2600 MHz , if Band: 3 then 1800 MHz, and Band: 20- frequency 800 MHz... (Complete list of frequency bands.)
RSSI: Base value of signal strength At values RSRP= -120 dBm and below LTE connection may be unstable or absent at all.
CINR: The ratio of the level of the useful signal to the airborne noise. Everything is simple: the higher this value, the better the signal quality. If SINR below 0, then the connection speed will be low, since this means that there is more noise in the received signal than usefulness, which increases the likelihood of losing the LTE connection.

1.1 ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS FOR ADNROID:

Here, without a doubt, it is worth noting the CellMapper application capable of identifying and displaying on the screen the value of the operating frequency, information about the tower, about neighbors, display the tower on the map ( the option should be enabled"Calculate GSM / UMTS / LTE frequencies") As we already wrote, the frequency is displayed in the value Band. The signal level is indicated in the field Reference Signal Received Power(RSRP). To work with the application, you need to register for free on the site.

1.2 Displaying the signal level in standard USB Modem applications:

Information about the signal level is contained in almost any 3G / 4G LTE modem, for this it is enough to study the menu.

2. Testing using a USB modem (the most reliable):

However , the most effective and inexpensive and reliable way to establish the carrier frequency of the Internet signal remains a computer + modem with a HiLink interface or Stick ... Below is the testing methodMDMA program using firmware Stick which is usually on purchased locked modems of Russian telecom operators.

2.1 Working with MDMA program:

(communication parameters display window)

Important! Before starting the program MDMA (Mobile Data Monitoring Aplication) it is necessary to close all the "native" programs of the usb modem !!!

Once launched, the program will display the signal level, airborne noise, and base station parameters. Here, our goal is to determine which 3G & 4G LTE frequency the operator operates on, by enumerating them. By pressing the button"Band Config" we will call the window in which we will perform simple actions:

Change the parameter "Automatic" to "Custom"
3G put a tick on to start on UMTS 2100 click "OK" and follow the signal strength and registration in the network in the main window. If the name of the operator appears in the field, and a check mark appears next to "Registered", then your operator operates on the frequency UMTS 2100... If registration does not take place, we return to the leading step, uncheck the box UMTS 2100 and install on UMTS 900.
If, when choosing a parameter (for example, UMTS 900) the program generates an error, then your modem does not know how to work in this standard.
In 4G LTE network consistency and logic action similar to 3G, except that they are all conducted in the right area (LTE Bands).

2.2 Analysis with a universal modem with Hilink interface:

Here, the actions are similar to the previous example, the determination of the range is also carried out by enumerating the frequencies.

Go to Settings -> Network Settings, then select the standard (LTE, UMTS, etc.), set the "Manual" mode and start ticking the ranges, checking the RSSI signal strength on the parameters page.

Determination of the range in 3G networks:

Page with displaying signal parameters

It should be noted that there are times when the operator broadcasts the Internet directly intwo bands simultaneously. For example, in the city of Chekhov M.O. Tele2 in 4G operates in parallel at 800 and 2600 MHz. In this case, the RSSI power differs, while the main frequency remains 800 MHz. If you want to provide high speed, and use both frequencies for reception, you should use a multi-standard antenna supporting LTE - A technology simultaneously in 2 bands.

Along with the development of the mobile Internet, the emergence of new standards and modems, the program is also developing "Mobile Data Monitoring Application". If in the first versions of the program we could only determine the signal strength in dBm, now the program's capabilities are much wider. Now, using the MDMA program, we can learn the following things:

The frequency at which the base station operates
Data exchange mode between the modem and the base station
Signal level at the modem input
Signal to noise ratio

We suggest downloading the latest version on our website at the time of this writing - mdma_1.1.0.2. The developer stopped supporting the program and closed its website, since modern modems interact with Windows using the WEB interface, and not AT commands, which is what MDMA is focused on. The program does not require installation and consists of a single executable file that can be launched in the usual way or, if necessary, from the command line with additional parameters. For the program to work with the modem, it must first of all be properly installed in the system with the appropriate drivers and initialized. Run "mdma.exe". In most cases, the program automatically finds the modem and immediately displays a lot of information about the state in which the modem is registered on the network. If the MDMA modem does not see and there is access to it via the WEB-interface, then you most likely need it.

1. Often we do not know in what range the base station operates, and knowledge of the frequency is necessary when choosing and calculating an antenna. The MDMA program can help us with this. Press the button in the bottom row " Band config", the settings window will open. Depending on the model of our modem and the network in which it is registered with us, either the tab "GSM / UMTS Bands"or" LTE Bands"and the option" Automatic (All Bands)". We should switch from automatic to manual ( "Custom") mode, press "Uncheck all" and then sequentially go through the possible frequency options.

After pressing the button " OK"the modem is reinitialized in the network. By brute force, finding the frequency at which it was able to do this and getting the maximum signal level" as it was ", we find out the frequency of the base station. The only condition is that the modem should at least catch something in the absence of an external antenna Having learned the frequency, we can already select the appropriate antenna.

2. So, we have determined the frequency, have chosen the antenna. Now it was the turn to tune the antenna towards the base station. As we already noted in the article on tuning a CDMA antenna, first of all, we must be aware that a number of factors affect the speed, in addition to the signal level:

Loading the base station (BS) at the moment. First of all!
The quality of your modem (sensitivity, transmit power)
BS signal level at the receiving point
The presence and level of interference, or rather the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving point

All of this is true for networks too. UMTS and LTE since for the organization of multi-user access in the radio channel, a similar technology is used here W-CDMA... At the initial setting, we twist the antenna near the direction to the base station within 10 ° -15 ° and mark the signal level in the line " Rssi ". In addition, you need to watch out for the line" SNR ". Here we see two values. The first is the same signal level, basically it is the same or close to the RSSI value, the second is the signal-to-noise ratio. The smaller these negative values in absolute value, the better. Usually both values are correlated, but there are times when you have to look for a position with minimal interference.In addition, it must be remembered that the signal-to-noise ratio depends not only on the reception conditions, but also on the network congestion.

When setting the parameter " Connection Type "must be set to" 3G Only ", however, in difficult reception conditions, you may have to start tuning in GSM mode. In the line" RAT "we can see the 3G protocol by which the modem connected to the base. Having achieved the maximum quality of the connection, we can check if this is so at the final setting to the maximum speed. To do this, we launch something to download or an endless ping of some node and look at the line" Negotiated QoS ", there we see the approximate uplink and downlink speeds in kbps ... By turning the antenna within a small range, we finally find the best position.

Not always the base closest to you can give the highest speed. The distant base can be less congested, support a more advanced and high-speed protocol, the route towards it can be less noisy. Therefore, if you have several bases within reach, it makes sense to try them all and choose the best in speed and less loaded.

If you decide to purchase a narrowband 4G antenna, you should pay attention to the parameters of the base station, intended for use by the operator.

It is necessary to choose an LTE amplifier, taking into account the frequency of operation of mobile towers and cellular communications.

Today, there are 5 major mobile Internet providers.

Beeline
Megaphone (WiFire)
Tele2 (Rostelecom)

Choosing a 4G antenna for one of these operators, you need to understand at what frequency it works.

For example, for the Yota operator, in all regions, the operating frequency is 2500 - 2700 MHz. With the rest of the operators, everything is not so simple, they can work both in the range of 2500 - 2700 MHz, and at frequencies of 1800 MHz, and even 800 MHz.

In practice, one and the same operator can distribute mobile 4G Internet in several frequency ranges at once. To understand the specific range of a cellular operator, you can make a small test using available tools, a 4G modem or a phone (with LTE support).

Using the example of a modem (Huawei e3372), it looks like this:

We connect our 4G modem to the computer, install the drivers necessary for its operation (if required).
We go into its modem settings - item "Network settings"
In point " Preferred Mode:"Choose -" LTE only "
Further in the column “ LTE bands:"- we can choose from the proposed list of frequencies 800, 1800, 2600, etc.
After each selection, click "Apply"

After this procedure, the modem will try to reconnect using the selected parameters. If he succeeded, then the operator supports this broadcasting range 4 G of the Internet.

You can, of course, also call the operator of cellular services, which provides access to 4 G the internet. But they are not obliged to answer such questions, but usually they go to meet their subscribers.

Choose the right one 4 G equipment to improve the quality of mobile Internet.

4G antennas for various frequency ranges, you can choose from the link -

Also, our managers will help you with the right choice.

In this topic, I would like to consider options when buying a 4G antenna will be really reasonable, where the antenna will be useful and effective, and where you will simply spend money.

To begin with, let's briefly consider the principle of how what works.
When purchasing a modem of a mobile operator, it does not matter if it is MTS, Beeline or Megafon. We may face the problem of slow 4G internet or a complete lack of it.

What influences this?

1. Although the cellular industry is quite developed, there are still many places where there is no normal connection.
The reason for this is the great remoteness of the base towers of the cellular operator.
2. There are often cases when the tower is in line of sight, a couple of hundred meters away, but 4G Internet still works very poorly.
3. It also often happens when the signal is of an average level, is stable, and the Internet is working very slowly.
4. The Internet works well at times, and at times starts to slow down.

In these cases, there is a need for an antenna for a 4G modem.

How does it all work?

In the first case, due to the large distance of the tower, the standard antenna in the modem cannot cope (due to insufficient gain). Here contact connection, external antenna can help out. Due to special adapters (pigtail), the antenna is connected to the modem. The pigtail, in turn, switches the modem from the standard antenna to the external one. With sufficient gain, the modem will stabilize or a missing signal will appear.
This is taking into account that the antenna gain will be sufficient, and the antenna itself will be directed towards the tower of the cellular operator you are using.

In the second case, the situation is as follows. Any equipment, for correct operation, is designed for certain operating conditions. Similarly, mobile towers are designed for a certain N-th number of active users. For example, the tower is designed for 1000 active Internet users, while the speed is 70 MB. But there are an order of magnitude more users, the speed is divided, the speed is not enough, hence the problems with slow 4G Internet.

What's the solution? Will 4G antenna help you here?
The antenna, in its work, is directional (you yourself can choose the direction where it will be directed). At a time when the standard antenna of the 4G modem is omnidirectional and will connect to the nearest tower, not being guided by the speed of the Internet.

The situation will change when you tune in to your operator's less congested base station.

In the 3rd and 4th cases, weather conditions may affect. The location of your modem in the house or apartment.

But there is also one BUT!
Under these conditions, and before buying a 4G antenna, check some conditions if possible.

The Internet from the modem worked for a while, and then it stopped!
1. In this case, do not rush to buy an antenna. Check if the traffic on your tariff has run out, unless of course it is unlimited.
2. Check the operation of your modem on another device (computer or laptop).
3. Test your internet connection on another 4G device.
4. Call your mobile operator's service provider and report the speed problem.

It also happens that a banal change of the cellular operator helps and the quality of the Internet will be high without any antennas.

What is standard m abundant fifth generation networks or 5G? This is a standard for mobile networks that will take them to a fundamentally different level. Many claim that fifth generation networks will appear around 2018. But developments on them are underway at all times.

For instance:

Ericsson is testing a device with support for the 5G communication standard. The data transfer speed of the new gadget is about 2 GB per second. While the device looks like a closet, but after all the tests, Ericsson promises to shrink the giant to the size of a smartphone or tablet.

As for the development time, it can be noted that between the implementation of the 3G / 4G standard the difference is about 7-8 years. From here we can say that 5G networks will thus appear around 2018.

What are the fundamental differences between networks of the fifth and previous generations? The first, and most obvious, is an increase in speed (at least by an order of magnitude), a decrease in latency, a significant increase in network capacity, which is necessary to meet the constantly growing demand for the Internet. The trend is that in the future, everything will be connected to the network: from a variety of sensors to cars.

The next point is to highlight the transition to a network model where the subscriber is the main one, and not the base station. In existing networks, the subscriber has to adapt to the network himself: the signal is too weak - move. The fifth generation networks will use smart antennas capable of changing the radiation pattern depending on the needs of subscribers in specific conditions. For example, if one subscriber is being served in a cell at a given time, the data for him will go through a narrowly directed channel, which will increase the signal-to-noise ratio and will increase the data transfer rate.

The third point is the transition to the region of millimeter waves. The spectral resource is limited; it is extremely difficult to find the necessary frequencies in the ranges traditional for mobile communications. Naturally, large frequency ranges will be required to significantly increase the data rate. The way out of this situation is the transition to the region of tens of GHz. Many people know that with an increase in the operating frequency, the communication range, that is, the cell size, decreases rapidly. Therefore, from the third point, we can conclude: fifth generation networks will be used in places where there is a demand for high-speed data transmission. Don't expect full coverage.

The next point is to highlight such technology as MIMO. Its essence lies in the use of several antennas at the transmitting and receiving sides. This technology dates back to third- and fourth-generation communications specifications. In most LTE networks, MIMO operates in 2x2 mode, that is, two antennas for transmission, two for reception. What are the advantages of this technology? In the 2x2 mode, data is transmitted through two independent channels at once, which allows you to almost double the transmission speed. At the moment there are smartphones that support 4x4 mode. Unfortunately, it is impossible to increase the number of antennas indefinitely due to the small size of smartphones. Another problem is the need to transmit service signals from each antenna, which reduces the efficiency of the technology.

The fifth point is to cancel the possible implementation of the technology "D evice to D evice ". It is not uncommon for subscribers to communicate from tens of meters away from each other. Thanks to the application of this technology, only signaling traffic will pass through the operator's network, allowing the tariffication of such calls, and the data itself will pass directly between the devices. This is the essence of technology.

What will the network of the future look like? 5G networks will be used in places where there is a demand for high-speed Internet, in cities. For general coverage, networks of previous generations will be used.

Work on fifth-generation networks is underway all over the world, but Europe is the driving force. The funds allocated by the EU for development are incomparable with those allocated in the rest of the planet. According to the plans of the developers, by the end of 2015, the requirements for the fifth generation standard should be formed.

On the benefits of mobile Internet for Yur. Persons.

In this article, we would like to draw the attention of the heads of firms, organizations, restaurants and hotel complexes.

Today, Internet connection for Yur. Persons are expensive in terms of the initial payment for connection and further monthly maintenance.

Using a simple formula, let's compare the cost.

The monthly fee for wired Internet is on average 1,000 rubles per 1 Mb / s, for comfortable work you need at least 10 Mb / s, here the monthly cost runs out into a tidy sum for the company's budget.

As for the mobile Internet, you pay a fixed cost per month for up to 1,000 rubles, and the speed here is from 10 Mb / s, depending on the area, to 40 Mb / s, and the cost does not change.

The equipment is also not tied, neither to us, nor to the operator. Gsm communication. The company moved, took the equipment and installed it in a new place.

So all the equipment will pay off in the first month of use.

On the benefits of mobile Internet Internet for physical. Persons.

Of the advantages is the mobility of equipment. You use it at home. But a long-awaited vacation comes, well, or a business trip (you need to go to another city, region, etc.)

You can take only a modem with you, the unlimited tariff is valid throughout Russia (you do not need to additionally connect and pay for something).

You will always be online, whether you are on the road or when you reach your destination.

The Internet plays an important role in our time. A lot is attached to the World Wide Web (communication, acquaintances, work, study, etc.).

With the expansion of cities, the construction of cottage settlements, garden partnerships and the private sector on the outskirts of the city and not only. The question is how to connect to the Internet.

There are giants providers that pull fiber and connect neighborhoods, streets, and high-rise buildings. When the question arises about connecting the Internet to a private house or cottage, the price is measured in more than ten thousand rubles, queuing, filling out many contracts and waiting.

There is an alternative solution!

Now mobile 4 is actively and rapidly developingG (LTE) the Internet . As for the speed policy, they compete with dignity. ADSL Internet (via a telephone line), and in some cases also fiber (there are more individual cases and more related to the monthly cost - this is especially important for legal entities).

Our company is engaged in the sale and installation of wireless equipment for connection 4 G (LTE ) the Internet to private homes and offices.

With many years of practice and solving various problems related to connecting the Internet, we can advise you, if necessary, select the necessary equipment and even go out and measure the signal level and speed in your area.

We have a flexible system of bonuses and discounts! You can be sure of the quality and performance of our equipment absolutely free of charge. We can demonstrate all the work of the equipment to you in our office. Or you can see for yourself (all equipment is given a 2-week test period).

In most cases, there is a communication problem in Garden Partnerships or cottage settlements located on the outskirts of the city, and standard solutions do not always help to solve this problem. Not always acquiring USB a modem with a SIM card, it is possible to comfortably use the Internet. Distances from the towers of mobile operators do not give the desired speed indicators.

But now, nothing stands still. There is a solution to increase the signal 4 g , which is achieved by an amplifier of the signal and speed of the mobile Internet.

In two glories about how it works!

Let's say you purchased a modem from MTS or Megafon (Beeline, Iota), it doesn't matter if you connected it to a laptop or a stationary PC, everything was established, we press the connection (so far everything is according to plan). The Internet is connected, but when you try to open a Yandex page or check your mail, a wait is required, it can take place with the presence of interruptions in the Internet connection and a loss of signal (we are not even talking about watching videos).

In this situation (someone may be familiar with it), there is a way out by connecting external devices (antennas 4 G (lte ) amplifiers). They act as a focusing signal in a certain direction. With the help of the antenna, the signal effect is increased several times (the connection becomes stable) and even bad weather will not affect our signal in the future.

If you look at, you can see in it the so-called pigtails (they come in different types CRC 9, TS 9, MS 156, etc.), its essence is to switch the internal antenna of the modem (less powerful) to the external (more powerful).

Frequency of all operators, which is under 3 G that's under 4 G identical, so that the antenna and equipment are universal for the Megafon mobile Internet, Yota , Beeline, MTS and others. Another advantage is that it can be easily mounted and dismantled (it is convenient to use it in rented housing and offices).

In the next article, we will look at the benefits of mobile Internet for legal entities. and Phys. Persons.

For most districts, settlements and outskirts of the city, connecting to the global network turns out to be quite problematic. The way out of the situation is satellite or Mobile Internet.

Some providers, in an effort to expand their coverage, offer dial-up connection (ADSL technology), since there is a telephone connection in almost all settlements, but the trend that you often hear lately is "Sorry, there is NO free line!"

In this regard, I would like to talk in this article about mobile internet 4G / 3G / 2G, since it is the most affordable financially and globally expanding the coverage of cellular operators.

The cost of connecting this Internet will cost on average from 1200 - 1700 rubles. depending on the region and mobile operator.

What difficulties can you face when purchasing and connecting our Internet:

With the acquisition of complexity, there is not any, salons that offer this service are now in abundance - "USB modems + free month of Internet as a GIFT", this is the slogan of most of them.

But it is worth paying attention when purchasing a modem for a remote area (settlements, villages, townships, etc.), that with a poor signal level, unstable connection, we may need to connect additional equipment (antennas, irradiators, etc.). In this case, we need modem with an external antenna input, so counting on the trouble, when purchasing a modem, we buy it immediately with an antenna outlet.

Choosing a tariff: there are individual needs. Someone has a lot of 4GB, but someone 30 GB is not enough for a week :)

Tariffs for Rostov-on-Don can be viewed:

Well, suppose we did it!

We connected the modem, installed the firmware and here we have two options:

1. Everything worked! Fine! The Internet works, the signal is satisfactory, the speed is satisfactory. For convenience, we can connect a Wi-Fi Router so that the Internet is distributed wirelessly over a certain radius of the model there are various / 3420, / Omni, etc. in any computer store, you will be advised what is better to take and what is compatible with your model 4G / 3G / 2G modem.

2. Everything is sadder here. The modem does not connect or does not see the network at all. What to do in this case? Here our modem with an antenna output will just come in handy. There are also a lot of antennas, you can talk a lot about them, well, this is not included in the format of this article.

Depending on the quality of the antenna and the gain, the problem should be resolved.

In general, this is everything! The problem with the Internet in a Private House, a summer cottage has been resolved. The average cost of all the joy will be:

Modem - 1200 - 1700 rubles,

Wi-Fi router - 1600 - 3700 rubles,

Antenna - 1700 - 3000 rubles.

I will give a coverage area: Rostov-on-Don and region.

MTS MOBILE INTERNET COVERAGE AREA

1. Close the standard modem control program before starting MDMA. It may be using the port it needs for MDMA to work.

2. Open the device manager, go to the COM ports section and see what number the COM port has with the name "ZTE NMEA Device". I have this COM4.

3. Create a shortcut to mdma.exe and open its properties. On the "Label" tab, in the "Object" field, add / port: COMx where x is the number of the "ZTE NMEA Device" COM port.

As many people know, Wi-Fi allows you to access the Internet using a local network and without the use of various wires. The main purpose of using a Wi-Fi antenna is to enhance the wireless signal. Sometimes, in your office, home, country house or any other room, the signal may be too weak. If this is the case, then a Wi-Fi antenna is a great way to solve the problem.

With this antenna, you can easily connect to wireless networks at home, at work or while dining out. In addition, web pages will respond faster and data will transfer faster. Wi-Fi also allows you to connect your access point to the network, organizing a local network for online games with friends, for example. At the same time, a wireless connection still costs a lot less.

Today, more and more users prefer laptops to desktop computers, enjoying the opportunity to go with their electronic “friend” wherever they go. At the same time, to connect to a wireless network, you only need to install your Wi-Fi antenna, connect a network card to your laptop and connect the devices with a cable. The usual USB connection is also successfully used for such purposes.

The internet is used for a myriad of reasons. Today it is necessary to stay in touch on work, school and educational matters in order to shop or communicate, have fun. And Wi-Fi helps people constantly, and wherever, to stay online, while getting a good connection. As already mentioned, local access points and portable points provide access to a wireless network, but Wi-Fi is far from being available everywhere. A Wi-Fi antenna increases the broadcast range and thus solves this common problem.

What could be more interesting and functional than a Wi-Fi antenna for a personal laptop? Such mobility allows you to use it in a car, truck or in a trailer, stopping in the most remote places, in parking lots and not only, while remaining on the World Wide Web.

In big cities, apartment buildings, high-rise buildings - questions about wireless Internet do not even arise, large providers (TTK, Dom.ru, SamTel, etc.) have taken care of this.

And we will talk about how to solve this issue in the country, in the office (if it is in the industrial zone), in the village (farm, collective farm).

Where, that is, it is possible to solve this issue using a telephone line, ADSL modem - router. BUT! Not everywhere, not everyone has a telephone!

Here a well-known USB modem will come to our aid (now there are a lot of them 3G / 4G (LTE) / SkyLink).

What is better to choose and how to make them friends with a Wi-Fi router? There are a lot of modems, well, let's not dive into the old days and talk about the current 4G (LTE) modems, the same is all for 3G usb modems.

What we need?

4G modem and Wi-Fi router!

What is better to take from routers?

The choice is not great, but it is there! TP-Link 3220, 3420, Keenetic Zyxel 4G II.

Any of these routers works great with modems.

But there are times when everyone is connected, set up a Wi-Fi security key (so that the neighbors are not happy), but there is no Internet (.

There is no need to get upset, but in a few mouse clicks and waiting 40 seconds. Updating the router's firmware.

Where can I find the firmware? On the official website, the main thing is not to be mistaken with the version.

Everything should work with a bang! If the Internet needs to be spread over stationary PCs without wi-fi, this is not a problem either, we will use a twisted pair cable, or we will purchase a Wi-Fi bar (PCI) or USB.

We have all the Internet, everyone is happy, scattered around the corners, some for a laptop, some for a tablet.

We load tanks, skype, social networks ... and then seconds, minutes of waiting (((

There IS Internet, but NO speed ... ..

Now what?

But there is a way out too! It is no longer a secret that there is a miracle antenna signal amplifiers.

There are various narrow - directional, with a wide range of action, panel, etc.

Which ones work?

They ALL work)

But for every case, there is a better solution.

If the distance from the city is large, it is better to use a narrow-directional antenna, if not, then a panel antenna is quite suitable, even with a small gain.

What is the trick of this device?

Nothing))) Thanks to special adapters (pigtails), the internal antenna of the modem turns off and switches to the external one, and here everything is obvious. Their amplification is many times greater, and this is the result of increasing the signal level and speed.

As a result, we have a stable Internet, for reasonable money, with wireless wi-fi distribution.

#MIMO #LTE # 3G # 4G #WiMAX #IEEE # Wi-Fi #UMTS #CDMA #Wireless

MIMO stands for Multiple Input Multiple Output) - A method of spatial coding of a signal, which allows to increase the channel bandwidth, in which data transmission is carried out using N antennas and their reception by M antennas. The transmitting and receiving antennas are spaced apart enough to achieve weak correlation between adjacent antennas.

Definition of MIMO systems

In modern communication systems, there is a need to increase the bandwidth, for example, in cellular communication systems, high-speed local area networks, etc. The bandwidth can be increased by expanding the bandwidth or increasing the radiated power. However, the applicability of these methods has drawbacks, since due to the requirements of biological protection, limited power source power (relevant for mobile devices) and electromagnetic compatibility, power increase and bandwidth expansion are limited.

Therefore, if in communication systems the possible / permissible increases in the radiated power and the expansion of the frequency band do not provide the required data transfer rate, then one of the most effective ways to solve this problem can be the application with weakly correlated antenna elements. Communication systems that use such antennas are called MIMO systems (Multiple Input Multiple Output)

Application of MIMO technology

WiMAX

WiMAX (English Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications technology designed to provide universal wireless communication over long distances for a wide range of devices (from workstations and laptop computers to mobile phones). It is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which is also called Wireless MAN (WiMAX should be considered a slang name, since it is not a technology, but the name of the forum where Wireless MAN was agreed upon).

The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, an organization that was founded in June 2001 to promote and develop WiMAX technology. The Forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology providing high-speed wireless network access, an alternative to leased lines and DSL." The maximum speed is up to 1 Gbps per cell.

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) (literally from English - long-term development) is a project for the development by the 3GPP consortium of a standard for improving mobile data transmission technologies CDMA, UMTS. These improvements can, for example, increase speed, efficiency of data transfer, reduce costs, expand and improve services already provided, and also integrate with existing protocols. The data transfer speed according to the 3GPP LTE standard in theory reaches 326.4 Mbit / s (demo 1 Gbit / s on equipment for commercial use) for download and 172.8 Mbit / s for upload; in the standard, 173 Mbit / s for reception and 58 Mbit / s for upload are set.

The 3GPP LTE standard, which most often means its version 9 and earlier, is not formally a fourth generation (4G) wireless standard, since it did not meet all the conditions of the International Telecommunication Union regarding 4G. However, the LTE Advanced standard, which refers to release 10 and later releases of LTE, has been approved by the ITU as a standard that meets all the requirements of fourth generation wireless communications, and is included in IMT-Advanced. The 3GPP LTE standard began to be referred to as pre-4G, that is, the preliminary version of the 4th generation standards.

Together with the WiMAX Release 2 standard (or simply WiMAX 2, which is more often used as the name of the IEEE 802.16m standard), LTE Advanced is currently all the standards approved by IMT-Advanced.

For the information thanks to our Wikipedia (LTE) (MIMO) (WiMAX)

Immediately after purchasing a 3G / 4G antenna, the first thing everyone thinks about is: How to install a 3G / 4G antenna? How to set up a 3G / 4G antenna? Which way to point the antenna? In this article, we'll take a closer look at all of this.

The higher the better.

To begin with, it is immediately necessary to understand that outdoor antennas, as the name suggests, should be installed outdoors, i.e. on the street and raised as high as possible. Why is it necessary to raise the 3G 4G antenna high?

The thing is that the 3G / 4G signal is subject to:

1) attenuation due to obstacles (foliage of trees, grass absorb electromagnetic waves quite well, since they are 90% water),

2) attenuation due to the remoteness of the tower, the farther the operator's tower, the correspondingly more difficult it is to achieve a good signal level and, as a consequence, the speed of the Internet;

3) reflection (neighboring buildings / structures, their roofs reflect electromagnetic waves well).

Therefore, to reduce the impact of external factors on the received signal, the 3G / 4G antenna should be raised as high as possible!

Determination of the direction of the 3G / 4G antenna.

In which direction to direct the 3G / 4G antenna? Some people think that the nearest cell tower is the very direction where you need to point the 3G / 4G antenna, in fact, this is not entirely true, there are many 3G / 4G operators and it is difficult to guess which operator is using this or another tower, plus in addition, there are towers that work only in 2G and GSM networks, i.e. for cellular communication, they will not work for us. So it is required to determine the direction based on the measurements of the 3G / 4G signal level, separately for each case.

Determining which direction you need to direct the antenna is simple, you need to connect it to your 3G / 4G modem, connect the modem via USB to your laptop and climb to the highest point of the house, usually the roof.

Find a relative or friend to help you.

Climb with the antenna as high as possible, meanwhile your assistant will be near the laptop and look at the signal level on it. Mobile phones can be used to communicate with each other.

Gently rotate the antenna 10-15 degrees, pause for a few seconds and see / ask the assistant what the 3G / 4G signal level is. Therefore, by rotating the antenna 360 degrees, you will understand in which direction or directions (if there are many), you have a strong 3G / 4G signal. If you find that you have several antenna positions with good signal strength, measure the speed in each of these positions and determine in which direction you have an operator tower with the fastest Internet connection. Note that it is not always the tower from which a more confident signal level shows a higher speed of 3G / 4G Internet!

In addition to the signal level (RSSI-Received Signal Strength Indication), there are other parameters by which you can more accurately tune the 3G / 4G antenna: RSRQ, RSRP, SINR. These parameters are available in the settings of universal 3G / 4G modems, which allows you to achieve a more precise adjustment of the antenna direction.

Let's see what each of these parameters mean:

RSRQ(Reference Signal Received Quality) - characterizes the quality of the received pilot signals. Measured in dBm (dBm). RSRQ is related to the strength of the RSSI signal, so observing the strength of the RSSI signal will suffice.

RSRP(Reference Signal Received Power) - the average value of the received pilot signals (Reference Signal) or the level of the received signal from the Base Station. The RSRP value is measured in dBm (dBm). RSRP is directly related to the level of the RSSI signal, so it will be sufficient to focus on the RSSI.

For 4G: SINR(Signal to Interference + Noise Ratio) or CINR(Carrier to Interference + Noise Ratio); for 3G ECIO (Ec / Io) or Ec / No- the ratio of the (useful) signal to noise. In other words, the signal-to-noise ratio. The SINR value is measured in dBm (dBm). A value of 0 dBm means that the signal and noise are equal, a positive number means that the signal is stronger than the noise, negative means that it is weaker. You should pay attention to the SINR values when setting up a 3G / 4G antenna. As you can imagine, the higher this value, the higher the speed you can get from the 3G / 4G antenna.

Test all operators (MTS, Beeline, Megafon, Yota, Tele2, etc.).

Quite often we hear that in a particular area a certain operator catches better than others and shows a higher speed, and some generally argue that a certain operator is the leader in Internet speed throughout Russia. All these statements are often unfounded. We have repeatedly dispelled such speculations, offering to test all operators and find out in practice which of them shows the higher speed. To do this, you do not need to buy modems and SIM cards of all operators (MTS, Beeline, Megafon, Iota, Tele2 and others), it is enough to have one universal modem and SIM cards of several operators (SIM cards can be borrowed from relatives, friends, acquaintances) they are for you it will take a short time (maximum a couple of hours) to test the signal. You should be aware that the 3G / 4G antenna must be configured for each operator separately, i.e. inserted the operator's SIM card, turned the antenna 360 degrees (stopping every 10-15 degrees), found out where the signal is better and measured the speed. Yes, this will increase the setup time, but after spending a little more time, you will get 3G / 4G internet at the speed of a good wired internet!

Check the speed limit on your modem and tariff.

To achieve the maximum speed of 3G / 4G Internet, you must have the most modern equipment, in our case it is a modem. This applies to 3G modems, if you purchased it for a long time, then most likely the speed on it is technically limited (for example, 7 Mbps or 14 Mbps), so you will not get a higher speed. You can find out its technical characteristics on the Internet (Yandex, Google for help) by simply typing the name of the modem into a search engine (the name of the modem is usually written under the cover or on the back side). If your modem does not support speeds higher than 20 Mbps, then purchase a 3G / 4G modem from digit .tv since it supports maximum speed on 3G and 4G networks.

You should also make sure that your chosen operator does not "cut" the Internet speed. You can find out about this by contacting the support service of your operator.

Installation of 3G / 4G antenna.

How and on what to fix the 3G / 4G antenna? The most popular two ways to mount the antenna are:

1) to the mast;

2) on the wall bracket;

The first method is suitable for those who already have a mast for a conventional terrestrial antenna, you can also attach a 3G / 4G antenna to it, or if the signal level is very poor, it is recommended to install the antenna above the roof of the house.

The second method is suitable for those who have two or more storey houses. Attach the bracket as high as possible (a bracket for installing satellite dishes will do). The side of the house on which the bracket will be installed should be selected based on the direction of the 3G / 4G antenna.

Do not rush to tighten the bolts immediately after securing the mast or bracket, adjust the antenna more precisely, turn the antenna by millimeter and monitor the 3G / 4G signal level. Only after fine adjustment can the bolts be tightened.

Thus, following this instruction, you can easily yourself or with someone's help you can correctly install and configure the 3G / 4G antenna and get the fastest possible 3G / 4G Internet speed.

How to install a 3G / 4G antenna? How to set up a 3G / 4G antenna? Which way to point the antenna?

The first thing to learn is that all outdoor antennas should be installed outdoors and raised as high as possible. Why is it necessary high to raise a 3G 4G antenna? - you ask. The thing is that the 3G / 4G signal is subject to:
1) attenuation due to obstacles (foliage of trees, grass absorb electromagnetic waves quite well, since they are 90% water),

3) reflection (buildings, roofs of houses reflect electromagnetic waves well).

Accordingly, in order to reduce the influence of external factors on signal propagation, the 3G / 4G antenna should be raised as high as possible !!!

Determination of the direction of the 3G / 4G antenna.

In which direction to direct the 3G / 4G antenna? Many people think that the closest cell tower to them is the direction where you need to orient the 3G / 4G antenna, in fact, this is not the case, there are several 3G / 4G operators and it is difficult to guess which of the operators uses this tower, plus there is there are also towers that are used only for cellular communications, so determining the direction is required not from your own opinion, but based on measurements of the 3G / 4G signal level.

To determine in which direction the antenna should "look", you need to connect it to a 3G / 4G modem, connect the modem to a laptop and climb to the highest point of the house (preferably on the roof).

If there is no laptop, then ask any of the relatives / iconic ones to help you. You with the antenna go up as high as possible, and the second person will be near the computer and watch the signal level on the computer.

Turning the antenna 10-15 degrees, stop for a few seconds and see / ask the assistant what the level of the 3G / 4G signal is (you can find out how to determine the signal level in the article -). Thus, by rotating the antenna 360 degrees, you will know in which direction / directions you have a good 3G / 4G signal. If you have several antenna positions with a good signal level, in each of these positions measure the Internet speed (how to measure the Internet speed is described in the article -) and determine in which direction you have an operator tower with the fastest Internet. Not always is the tower from which a more confident signal level shows a higher speed of 3G / 4G Internet !!!

Let's take a look at what each of these parameters means:

For 4G: SINR(Signal to Interference + Noise Ratio) or CINR(Carrier to Interference + Noise Ratio); for 3G ECIO (Ec / Io) or Ec / No- the ratio of the (useful) signal to noise. In other words, the signal-to-noise ratio. The SINR value is measured in dBm (dBm). A value of 0 dBm means that the signal and noise are equal, a positive number means that the signal is stronger than the noise, negative means that it is weaker. You should pay attention to the SINR values when setting up a 3G / 4G antenna. As you can imagine, the higher this value, the higher the speed you can get from the 3G / 4G antenna.