The main device for manual input of information, commands and data. This article describes its structure and layout, hot keys, symbols and signs.
Computer keyboard: principle of operation
The basic functions of the keyboard do not require special software. The drivers required for its operation are already available in the BIOS ROM. Therefore, the computer responds to the commands of the main keyboard keys immediately after being turned on.
The principle of the keyboard is as follows:
- After pressing a key, the keyboard chip generates a scan code.
- The scan code enters the port integrated into the motherboard.
- The keyboard port tells the processor a fixed interrupt number.
- Having received a fixed interrupt number, the processor turns to special. area of RAM containing the interrupt vector - a list of data. Each entry in the data list contains the address of the program serving the interrupt, which matches the entry number.
- Having determined the program entry, the processor proceeds to its execution.
- The interrupt handler program then directs the processor to the keyboard port, where it finds the scan code. Further, under the control of the handler, the processor determines which of the characters corresponds to this scan code.
- The handler sends code to the keyboard buffer, notifying the processor, and then terminates.
- The processor moves to the pending task.
- The entered character is stored in the keyboard buffer until it is picked up by the program for which it is intended, for example, the Microsoft Word text editor.
Photo of a computer keyboard and key assignment
The standard keyboard has more than 100 keys divided into functional groups. Below is keyboard photo computer with a description of the key groups.
Alphanumeric keys
The alphanumeric keys are used to enter information and spell commands. Each of the keys can work in different registers, as well as denote several characters.
Switching the case (inputting lowercase and uppercase characters) is carried out by holding the Shift key. For hard (permanent) case switching, Caps Lock is used.
If the computer keyboard is used to enter text data, the paragraph is closed by pressing the Enter key. Next, data entry starts on a new line. When the keyboard is used to enter commands, Enter terminates the input and starts its execution.
Function keys
Function keys are located at the top of the keyboard and they consist of 12 buttons F1 - F12. Their functions and properties depend on the running program, and in some cases the operating system.
A common function in many programs is the F1 key, which calls up help, where you can find out the functions of other buttons.
Special keys
Special keys are located next to the alphanumeric group of buttons. Due to the fact that users often resort to using them, they have an increased size. These include:
- Shift and Enter discussed earlier.
- Alt and Ctrl are used in combination with other keyboard keys to form special commands.
- Tab is used for tabulation when typing.
- Win - opens the start menu.
- Esc - refusal to use the started operation.
- BACKSPACE - delete the characters just entered.
- Print Screen - print the current screen or save a snapshot of it to the clipboard.
- Scroll Lock - switches the operating mode in some programs.
- Pause/Break - pause/interrupt the current process.
Cursor keys
The cursor keys are located to the right of the alphanumeric pad. The cursor is a screen element that indicates where information is entered. The arrow keys move the cursor in the direction of the arrows.
Additional keys:
- Page Up/Page Down - move the cursor one page up/down.
- Home and End - move the cursor to the beginning or end of the current line.
- Insert - traditionally switches the data entry mode between insert and replace. In different programs, the action of the Insert button may be different.
Additional numeric keypad
The additional numeric keypad duplicates the actions of the numeric and some other keys of the main input panel. To use it, you must first enable the Num Lock button. Also, additional keyboard keys can be used to control the cursor.
Keyboard shortcut
When a certain key combination is pressed, this or that command is executed for the computer.
Frequently used keyboard shortcuts:
- Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Open Task Manager.
- Ctrl + F - search box in the active program.
- Ctrl + A - Selects all content in the open window.
- Ctrl + C - copy the selection.
- Ctrl + V - paste from clipboard.
- Ctrl + P - print the current document.
- Ctrl + Z - cancel the current action.
- Ctrl + X - cut the selected section of text.
- Ctrl + Shift + → select text by words (start at cursor position).
- Ctrl + Esc - Opens/Closes the Start menu.
- Alt + Printscreen - screenshot of the active program window.
- Alt + F4 - closes the active application.
- Shift + Delete - permanent deletion of the object (past the trash).
- Shift + F10 - call the context menu of the active object.
- Win + Pause - system properties.
- Win + E - launches the explorer.
- Win + D - Minimizes all open windows.
- Win + F1 - Opens Windows Help.
- Win + F - Brings up the search box.
- Win + L - lock the computer.
- Win + R - open "Start the program."
Keyboard symbols
Surely, many users have noticed symbols for nicknames and other social networks. How to make symbols on the keyboard if there are no explicit keys for this?
You can put characters on the keyboard using Alt-codes - additional commands for entering hidden characters. These commands are entered by simply pressing the Alt key + a decimal number.
You can often find questions: how to make a heart on the keyboard, an infinity sign or a euro on the keyboard?
- alt+3=
- Alt+8734 = ∞
- Alt + 0128 = €
These and other symbols on the keyboard are represented in the following tables in the form of figures. The "Alt code" column contains a numeric value, after entering which, in combination with the Alt key, a certain character will be displayed. The character column contains the final result.
Please note that if the optional numeric keypad is not enabled - Num Lock is not pressed, then the Alt + number key combination may lead to unexpected results.
For example, if you press Alt + 4 in the browser, without Num Lock enabled, the previous page will open.
Punctuation marks on the keyboard
Sometimes users, when trying to put a punctuation mark on the keyboard, do not get exactly what they expected. This is due to the fact that a different keyboard layout implies a different use of the keyboard shortcut.
Below is how to put punctuation marks on the keyboard.
Cyrillic punctuation marks
- » (quotes) - Shift + 2
- No. (number) - Shift + 3
- ; (semicolon) - Shift + 4
- % (percentage) - Shift + 5
- : (colon) - Shift + 6
- ? (question mark) - Shift + 7
- ((open bracket) - Shift + 9
- - (dash) - button with the inscription "-"
- , (comma) - Shift + "dot"
- + (plus) - Shift + button with a plus sign "+"
- . (dot) - button to the right of the letter "U"
Latin punctuation marks
- ~ (tilde) - Shift + Yo
- ! (exclamation point) - Shift + 1
- @ (dog - used in an email address) - Shift + 2
- # (pound) - Shift + 3
- $ (dollar) - Shift + 4
- % (percentage) - Shift + 5
- ^ - Shift + 6
- & (ampersand) - Shift + 7
- * (multiply or asterisk) - Shift + 8
- ((open bracket) - Shift + 9
- ) (close bracket) - Shift + 0
- - (dash) - a key on the keyboard with the inscription "-"
- + (plus) - Shift and +
- = (equal to) – equals sign button
- , (comma) - key with the Russian letter "B"
- . (dot) - a key with the Russian letter "U"
- < (левая угловая скобка) — Shift + Б
- > (right angle bracket) - Shift + Yu
- ? (question mark) - Shift + question mark button (to the right of "Y")
- ; (semicolon) - the letter "Ж"
- : (colon) - Shift + "W"
- [ (left square bracket) - Russian letter "X"
- ] (right square bracket) - "Ъ"
- ( (left curly bracket) - Shift + Russian letter "X"
- ) (right curly brace) - Shift + "Ъ"
Computer keyboard layout
Computer keyboard layout- a scheme for assigning symbols of national alphabets to specific keys. Switching the keyboard layout is performed programmatically - one of the functions of the operating system.
On Windows, you can change the keyboard layout by pressing Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift. Typical keyboard layouts are English and Russian.
If necessary, you can change or add the keyboard language in Windows 7 by going to Start - Control Panel - Clock, language and region (sub-item "change keyboard layout or other input methods").
In the window that opens, select the "Languages and keyboards" tab - "Change keyboard". Then, in the new window, on the "General" tab, click "Add" and select the desired input language. Don't forget to save your changes by clicking OK.
Virtual computer keyboard
The virtual keyboard is a separate program or an add-on included in the software. With its help, letters and symbols are entered from the computer screen using the mouse cursor. Those. in the process of typing, the computer keyboard is not involved.
The virtual keyboard is needed, for example, to save confidential data (login and password). When entering data using a regular keyboard, there is a risk of information being intercepted by malicious spyware. Then, through the Internet, the information is transmitted to the attacker.
You can find and download a virtual keyboard using search engines - this will not take you much time. If Kaspersky Anti-Virus is installed on your PC, you can launch the virtual keyboard through the main program window, it is included in it.
Screen keyboard
On-screen keyboard - a keyboard on a touch screen, a smartphone, which is pressed by the user's fingers. Sometimes, the on-screen keyboard is called the virtual keyboard.
Also, the on-screen keyboard on the computer is included in the list of accessibility features of Windows. If you have stopped typing, suddenly turned off, etc., the on-screen keyboard for Windows will come to the rescue.
To launch the On-Screen Keyboard in Windows 7, go to Start - All Programs - Accessories - then Ease of Access - On-Screen Keyboard. It looks like this.
To switch the keyboard layout, use the corresponding buttons on the taskbar (near the date with time, at the bottom left of the monitor screen).
What to do if the keyboard does not work
If your keyboard suddenly stops working - do not rush to get upset, first find out what caused the breakdown. All the reasons why the keyboard does not work can be divided into hardware and software.
In the first case, if the keyboard hardware is broken, it is very problematic to fix the problem without special skills. Sometimes it's easier to replace it with a new one.
Before saying goodbye to a seemingly faulty keyboard, check the cable with which it is connected to the system unit. It may have moved away a little. If everything is in order with the cable, make sure that the failure is not caused by a computer software failure. To do this, restart your PC.
If after rebooting, the keyboard does not show signs of life, try to shake it up using the solution available in Windows. The sequence of actions is given on the example of Windows 7, if you have a different version of the Windows operating system, proceed by analogy. The principle is about the same, the names of the menu sections may differ slightly.
Go to Start - Control Panel - Hardware and Sound - Device Manager. In the window that opens, if you have problems with the keyboard, it will be marked with a yellow label with an exclamation mark. Select it with the mouse and select Action - Delete from the menu. Close Device Manager after uninstallation.
Return to the "Hardware and Sound" tab and select "Add a device". After searching for hardware, your keyboard will be found and its drivers will be installed.
If the hardware installation was successful and the failure of the keyboard was due to a software failure, the Num Lock key light on the keyboard will light up.
If it was not possible to fix the problem, then a temporary solution may be.
These days, the computer keyboard, like the mouse, is considered a low-value device. However, she plays an important role in working with a computer.
The usual keyboard can be conditionally divided into several areas.
The topmost area of the keyboard contains keys that are not used to enter data into the computer. These keys perform auxiliary actions, which are shown in the table below.
Esc key
- this key is used to cancel an action, exit programs, games, exit applications, etc.
Esc Key Functions .
Its main function is to cancel the team that was ahead. If you right-click to open a menu on the desktop or on the taskbar and then press the Esc key, the menu will immediately close. If you start playing a game and accidentally press the Esc key, you will almost always exit that game. But by pressing this key again, you will return to your game again.
When you are on the Internet, you enter the next site address, and then accidentally press the Esc key, you will immediately return to the previous site address that you have already considered.
In the top row of the keyboard are function keys (limited by a red rectangle in the picture).
Function keys FI - F12 designed to perform certain actions assigned to them. Actions depend on the programs currently running on the computer, but usually the F1 key are used to call up the help system of the currently running program. If a program is running, help about that program appears.
F2 Booting the computer while pressing this key, or the “Del” key, makes it possible to configure the Bios of your computer.
"F3" Calls up a search box.
"F5" Reloads an open browser page.
F8 Booting the computer while pressing this button makes it possible to work in the safe mode of the operating system.
The actions of the remaining function keys with the F symbol are mostly possible in combination with modifier keys and may vary depending on the make and model of the computer. If the actions of any key on the keyboard of your computer differ from those described here, then you can find out about its purpose in the user manual.
Pause/Break . When the computer is booting, it allows you to put the computer "on pause" - to suspend the boot process.
Functions of the Pause/Break key. When loading Windows, at first you see on the monitor information about your computer, about the hard disk, about the state of RAM, about all the components. The information displayed on the monitor appears and disappears quite quickly and it is extremely difficult to comprehend it. Here, to get the opportunity to deal with it, you just need to press the "PAUSE" button. And to complete the process of loading the operating system, you must press any button on the keyboard. Sometimes used by some programs.
Print Screen/SysRq key.
Pressing this key allows you to take a screenshot of your monitor. When this key is pressed, and it is in the picture in the red frame, at the moment it is pressed, the image that is currently on the monitor is stored in the computer's memory. Next, we take the saved image from computer memory using a conventional graphic editor, you can use the Paint graphic editor, which is already built into the Windows operating system. If you use the "Alt+PrintScreen" key set, then you take a photo of only the active window, but those of the entire screen. In the picture, the Alt keys are framed in blue.
Key
Shift key.
Simultaneously pressing this key and a character key allows you to temporarily switch to the uppercase (capital) letter input mode, or enter another character located on the same key. There are two such keys on the keyboard - left and right, and in some programs their action is different. For example, to enter a capital letter "And" you need to press the Shift key and without releasing it, press the AND key.
Tab key It is indicated by an icon in the form of two opposite arrows and pressing it indents from the beginning of the line - a paragraph. Allows tabulation - horizontal alignment of characters. A tab character is equal to eight regular characters. Tabs are used when creating text documents. Designed to move the cursor:
- when editing texts, it is used to move to the next tab stop, i.e. move the cursor several positions forward;
- in dialog boxes, jumps to the next query field;
- in a table, moves the cursor to the next cell.
In other programs, its purpose is to switch between windows on the screen.
Below it is CapsLock key.
Pressing this key fixes the spelling of capital letters. When pressed again, capital letters are written again. This mode is indicated by a light indicator in the upper right corner of the keyboard. Pressing again cancels the mode. When CapsLock is on, pressing a key
Num lock key
turns on and off the numbers located on the right side of the keyboard. If the keyboard is enabled, you can use it to enter numbers and arithmetic. 
When enabled, this mode is also displayed by an indicator in the upper right corner of the keyboard, signaling that the additional keyboard is in operation. Now, in addition to entering numbers from the main keyboard field, they can also be entered from the additional one. True, those characters that are printed on the keys of the additional keyboard simultaneously with numbers will not work.
In most cases, the described keyboard fields are enough for work, but for those who like to work with a compact numeric and control keyboard “a la calculator”, there is one more additional key field - the rightmost one. This field is called that - an additional keyboard, in contrast to the main keyboard field.
When you press this block of keys with the designation of numbers, the numbers are printed, but with one condition - when the "NumLock" key is turned on. Numeric keys with the "NumLock" key turned off perform the functions of a different plan. The “End” key is duplicated by pressing the “1” key on the main keyboard and the “Home” key is duplicated by the “7” key also on the main keyboard.
The same keys move the cursor to the end and the beginning of the line. When you press the "3" and "9" keys, there is a duplication on the main keyboard with the "PageUp" and "PageDown" keys, respectively. The same keys move the cursor one screen up and down. When you press the "2", "4", "8", "6" keys, the cursor is controlled, which means that the operation of the arrow keys is dubbed.
Spacebar – this key creates an interval between letters.
The Space key is the largest key, located under the block of alphanumeric keys, used to enter an empty character, regardless of the case switch.
Space key function.
When using a key, words or characters are separated from each other. But this key has an additional mode. In the replacement mode, which you can turn on with the "Insert" key, by pressing the "Space" key you turn on the function, the same as when you press the "Delete" key (this key deletes characters on the right).
Backspace key – pressing this key deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
Functions of the "BackSpace" or "Left Arrow" key.
When you press this key, we delete the selected one character on the left or the entire text. When using this key in the file manager, we move up one level. And when viewing photos, by pressing this key, we go back one photo.
By using the Alt+BackSpacr keys together, we undo the previous action.
Key
When you use the numeric keypad, which is on the right, when doing work on a computer, it is much better to use the “Enter” key, which is on the same block.
Delete key is designed to delete any object, such as a folder, file, etc.:
- in the text, a character is deleted to the right of the current cursor position (with a line shift to the left);
- in folder windows, the selected file system objects are deleted to the Recycle Bin.
You can also delete an unnecessary file by pressing the keys together Shift+Delete. The Shift keys are marked with a green border. Just keep in mind that the file in this case will not be deleted through the recycle bin, and in this case it can no longer be restored.
The "Delete" key, indicated by a blue frame, located on the numeric keypad, along with the "." performs the same actions when the NumLock key is turned off.
It is possible to open the "Task Manager" by pressing the key combination "Ctrl + Alt + Del". These Ctrl and Alt keys are marked with beige frames.
Key
- in the text, switching between insert and character replacement modes or inserting a fragment from the clipboard (depending on the Microsoft Word settings) occurs. If the "insert" mode is on, then when you type, between two words the right word will move to the right, and the text you enter will move the words apart and be printed between them. In this mode, the text seems to be inserted and moves the entire end of the phrase to the right.
But with the “replacement” mode, if you insert a word between two words, then the word located on the right is replaced by the word that you insert .;
- in programs like Total Commander, objects are selected.
If you press the Inset key, the text will be printed on top of what is printed, while erasing the latter. If you press this key again, this action will be terminated.
The “Insert” key located in the frame with blue color, which is located on the numeric keypad, together with the number “0” works only when the “NumLock” key is turned off.
We can make a copy of the text after it is selected if we apply the key combination "Ctrl + Insert". And when we use the Shift + Insert keys together, it becomes possible to insert text.
Keys PgUp, PgDn, End, Home designed to control the cursor.
Home key
moves the cursor to the beginning of the line, and End key
to the end of the line"), as well as either to the beginning of the list or the end of the list. 
Keyboard shortcut
Keyboard shortcut
PgUp key moves the cursor to the top of the page, and PgDn key - to its end.
Functions of the "PageUp" and "PageDown" keys.
The use of these two keys is used when working with text editors, or when working with documents where the height of the information is much larger than the height of your screen and it becomes necessary to scroll through the height. These keys are marked with a red rectangle.
And the “PageUp” and “PageDown” keys, which are indicated by a blue rectangle and are located on the numeric keypad, only when the “NumLock” key is turned off, scroll the screen down or up along with the numbers “3” and “9”. The state of the NumLock key is controlled by the indicator light (the indicator light is on when the key is in the on state).
Key
Keys
Functions with the "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys.
When you use these keys, you expand the capabilities of other keys. Using these keys in various variations, you perform various actions.
Ctrl+Alt+Del keys these keyboard shortcuts open the task manager.
Combination Ctrl+A keys selects all objects at once, such as folders, files, text, etc.
Combination Ctrl+X keys cuts the selected object to the clipboard, such as a test, files, folders, etc.
Keyboard shortcut ctrl+c copies any object to the clipboard, such as files, folders, etc.
Keyboard shortcut ctrl+v pastes the copied file or folder from the clipboard.
Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+N allows you to create a new document in various programs.
Keyboard shortcut ctrl+z undoes the last action.
Using the keys ctrl+s the current document is saved.
Using the keys ctrl+p the document is printed.
Ctrl + Esc - Open the start menu. This can also be done by pressing the Windows key.
Using the keys Alt+Enter there is a transition to full screen mode and vice versa, for example, if you press these keys in KMPlayer, WindowsMediaPlayer, MediaPlayerClassic, they will expand to full screen.
Alt keys and 0 to 9 keys located on the right side of the keyboard make it possible to enter arbitrary characters that are not on the keyboard. In order to enter arbitrary characters, you must press the Alt key and, without releasing it, press the desired number located on the right side of the keyboard.
Keyboard shortcut Alt+F4 closes the active application.
Keys Alt + Tab allow you to switch between open windows. A panel with all open applications appears in the center of the screen, and when you select the active window, you need to hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key several times.
Combination Alt + Space (space) opens the window's system menu, which allows you to restore, move, maximize, minimize, and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - switch keyboard layout.
Windows key usually found between the Ctrl and Alt keys. When pressed, the Start menu appears.
And by using the key for various options along with other keys, you speed up the launch of programs.
When pressing keys Win+E The My Computer explorer will open.
When pressing keys Win+D all active windows will be minimized.
Keyboard shortcut Win+L allows you to switch between users or lock the workstation. The Win+F1 key combination brings up the Help and Support Center.
When pressing keys Win+F a search window will open.
When pressing keys Win+Ctrl+F The Search for Computers window will open.
With help Win+D you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the keys Win+M Minimize all windows except dialog boxes.
Win+E opens the My Computer folder.
Win+F – Opens a window to search for a file or folder.
When pressing keys Win+PauseBreak The System Properties dialog box opens.
Key<Контекст> calls the context menu of the object on which the mouse pointer is currently located.
When using the key, we call up the menu in the same way as when clicking on the right mouse button. This menu corresponds to the program that is enabled for your work. If you are on the "Desktop", then pressing this key, you open the menu corresponding to the active element of the Desktop.
Cursor keys (navigation)
.
Perform various actions related to moving the cursor:
- in the text, move the cursor one position in the specified direction;
- on the Desktop in the folder window, transfer the selection to another object;
- in the menu, move the selection to the next command;
- in tables move the cursor between cells.
These keys are also used in many games to control objects.
Also, these keys are used in many programs, for example, to move through the pages of a document or when viewing photos to move to the next image.
Hotkeys in the browser
To zoom in or out on a page, just hold down Ctrl key and spin the mouse wheel. Up - the scale will increase, down - accordingly, it will decrease. The same can be done by simply pressing + or - while pressing Ctrl. To restore the font size, use the keyboard shortcut ctrl + 0 .
And use Shift keys and the mouse wheel allows you to move through the history of tabs: Shift - scrolling the wheel up - moving forward through the history, Shift - scrolling the wheel down - moving back through the history.
If you need to open a new page in a separate tab in the browser, you can hold down Ctrl key and click on the desired link. The new page will open in a separate tab.
Alt + Home keys return to the home page, and Ctrl+R (or F5) refresh the page. To force an update without using cached data, use the keys Ctrl+F5 or Ctrl+Shift+R .
Pressing the keys ctrl+s , you can save the page on your computer, and the keys ctrl+p allow you to print the desired page. Hotkeys Ctrl+G, Ctrl+F, Shift+F3, Ctrl+K are intended for searching on the current page or on the Internet.
Notebook keyboard features.
Since a laptop keyboard, by definition, should take up little space, many functions are “hidden” on it. And in order to find them, there is a magic key
Lettering or symbols that have the same color as
- with F2 - turns on and off the wireless adapter (Wi-Fi);
- with F3 - opens the mail program;
- with F5 - reduces the brightness of the monitor;
- with F6 - increases it;
- with F7 - turns the monitor on and off;
- with F10 - enables and disables the built-in speakers;
- with F11 - lowers the volume of the speakers;
- with F12 - increases it;
- the screen brightness is increased by pressing the key where there is a “big sun” (there may be a “sun” icon in combination with the “increase” icon);
- decrease - on the contrary, the one where the “small sun” (or maybe the “sun” icon in combination with the “reduce” icon);
- keys with the “loudspeaker” icons in combination with the “more” or “less” icons - increase / decrease the volume;
- crossed out mouse - turn off / on the TouchPad;
- crossed out loudspeaker - mute / unmute the sound, etc.
Actions when combining function keys with the Fn key may differ for different types of keyboard, so you can clarify them in the user manual of the device, or be guided by the icons (usually of a different color) located on the keys next to or below its main value.
Look carefully, slowly, at the keyboard of your laptop, put the instructions attached to it nearby, spend some time mastering all these wonders and they will become familiar to you.
7 (92215) 34 176 787 5 yearsDetailed description of keyboard keys
F1-F12 - the functions assigned to these keys depend on the properties of the particular program currently running, and in some cases on the properties of the operating system. It is a common convention for most programs that the F1 key calls up the help system, where you can find help about other keys.
F1 - Call "Help" Windows. When pressed from the window of any program - call the help of this program.
F2 - Rename the selected object on the desktop or in Explorer.
F3 - Open a search window for a file or folder (on the desktop and in Explorer).
F4 - Open a drop-down list (for example, the list of the address bar in the "My Computer" window or in File Explorer).
F5 - Refresh the active window (open web page, desktop, explorer).
F6 - Switch between screen elements in a window or on the desktop. In File Explorer and Internet Explorer, move between the main part of the window and the address bar.
F7 - Spell check (in Word, Excel).
F8 - When booting the OS - select the boot mode. Enable rich text selection in Word. Selection of a fragment from the initial to the final position of the cursor occurs without holding down the Shift key. A second press of the F8 key selects the word closest to the cursor. The third is the sentence containing it. Fourth paragraph. Fifth - document. The easiest way to remove the last selection is to press the Shift+F8 key combination. You can disable the mode with the Esc key.
F9 - In some programs, update selected fields.
F10 - Call the window menu.
F11 - Switch to full screen mode and back (for example, in Internet Explorer).
F12 - Go to the selection of file saving options (File - Save As).
Esc - cancel the last entered command, exit the window menu (remove focus) or close an open dialog.
Tab - Enter tab stops when typing. Move focus through elements. For example, moving between the desktop, the Start button, the Quick Launch bar, the taskbar, and the system tray. Moving through the elements (including links) of an open document. Alt+Tab - switching between windows.
Shift - uppercase key (non-fixed switching). Used simultaneously with other keys to type capital letters, as well as uppercase characters.
The Ctrl+Shift or Alt+Shift shortcuts are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock - upper case (fixed switch). Used when typing in CAPITAL letters. Pressing the key again cancels this mode.
Alt - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action.
For example, Alt+letter - call a menu command or open a menu column. The corresponding letters in the menu are usually underlined (either initially or become underlined after pressing Alt). If the menu column is already open, then to call a specific command, you can press the key with the letter that is underlined in this command. The same applies to the open context menu.
Ctrl - used in combination with other keys. For example, Ctrl+C - copy, Ctrl+V - paste, Ctrl+Alt+Del - open Windows Task Manager.
Win("start") - Opens the start menu.
AppsKey - call the context menu for the selected object (equivalent to clicking the right mouse button).
Enter - Confirmation of the choice. Same as double clicking on an object. Pressing the currently active button in the dialog. Often - clicking on the "default" button in the dialog. When entering commands from the keyboard - completion of command input and transition to its execution. When typing - jump to a new paragraph.
Backspace - View the folder one level up in the "My Computer" window or in the Windows Explorer window. In text editing mode, delete the character to the left of the input cursor).
Delete - Delete the selected object, selected text fragment or character to the right of the input cursor.
Up, Down, Right and Left Arrows - Allows you to move through the menu items. Move the input cursor to the corresponding side by one position. The action of these keys in many programs can be modified using utility keys, primarily SHIFT and CTRL.
Home - move the cursor to the beginning of the current line of the document or to the beginning of the list of files.
End - move the cursor to the end of the current line of the document or to the end of the list of files.
PageUp/PageDown - move the cursor one page up or down. The concept of "page" usually refers to a fragment of the document, visible on the screen. Used to "scroll" the content in the current window.
Insert - Switch between insert and replace modes when editing text. If the text cursor is inside the existing text, then in the insert mode, new characters are entered without replacing existing characters (the text seems to be moved apart). In replace mode, new characters replace the text that was previously in the input position.
PrtScn (print screen) - Takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. Alt+PrtScn - copy a screenshot of the current active window (application) to the clipboard.
ScrLk (Scroll Lock) - refers to the service keys. Its short decoding is scroll blocking. Designed for such a mode of displaying on the screen, in which pressing the cursor keys leads to a shift not of the cursor as such, but of the entire contents of the screen. Now this key is used for this purpose very rarely, but, for example, it works in Excel. This is very handy when editing large tables.
Pause/Break - pauses the computer (in DOS it worked everywhere, in modern OS - only during computer boot).
Numlock - Changes the numeric keypad mode. When enabled, it puts the digital block into the numeric input mode; when disabled, the additional keyboard can be used to control the cursor.
Additional numeric keypad.
These keys are very popular with bank employees with nimble fingers and anyone who has to dial a lot of numbers. The numeric keypad resembles a calculator and is located on the right side of the keyboard. (However, you must press the Num Lock key for it to work. If you don't, you'll be dealing with the cursor keys.)
When Num Lock is off, the keys on the optional numeric keypad will work as cursor keys. They show small arrows showing the direction of the cursor movement on the screen. (The key with the number 5, which the arrow did not get, does nothing, but only fights with low self-esteem.) In addition, the keys with the words "Home", "End", "PgUp" and "PgDn" control the cursor.
In this tutorial, you will find the main Windows 7 hotkeys, after reading, you will use your computer much more efficiently than you used it before.
Hotkeys is the way the keyboard interacts with the computer. This method consists in executing commands (operations) on the computer using keys or a combination of keys to which commands (operations) are programmed.
It is very difficult to get used to the new, so you should not start memorizing all the keys. To begin with, take 10-20 pieces for application, and then use others, so to speak, expanding your knowledge. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that each program can use its own hot keys, which are programmed by the developers of this program.
If you use Windows 7 hotkeys every day, at least 10 of them, you will notice how much more efficient your work will become. See the list of hotkeys in Windows 7 below.
Hotkey List
Hotkeys for working with text and files
I advise you to use the hot keys that are in this section, be sure to learn and use them always.
Ctrl + C– Copy selected elements.
Ctrl+A- Select all. If you are in a text document, then when you press these keys, you will select all the text, and if in a folder where there are other objects, then you can select all files and folders.
Ctrl + X- Cut out. The command cuts the selected elements (files, folders or text).
Ctrl+V- Insert. Paste copied or cut elements.
Ctrl+Z- Cancel. Cancel actions, for example, if text was accidentally deleted in MS Word, then using these keys you will return the original text back (cancel input and actions).
ALT+ ENTER or ALT + Double-click the left mouse button– View the property of the selected element(s) (applicable for files).
CTRL+F4- Close the current window in the program.
Deleting files and text
Delete- Delete the selected item(s). If you use this key in the text, then by placing the mouse cursor in the middle of the word and pressing the "Delete" button, the deletion will occur from left to right.Shift+Delete- Delete the item(s) bypassing the trash. For files and folders.
backspace- Removing text. If you are working in a text editor, then this key can be used to delete text, place the cursor, say, in the middle of a sentence by pressing the "Backspace" button, deletion will occur from right to left.
Other
- Open the start menu or CTRL+ESC, the button is usually located between the buttons CTRL and ALT.
+F1- Reference.
+ B- Move cursor to tray.
+M- Minimize all windows.
+ D- Show desktop (minimize all windows, and when pressed again, maximize windows).
+ E- Open My Computer.
+ F- Open the search box.
+ G- Show gadgets on top of windows.
+ L- Lock the computer. If you move away from the computer, then be sure to use these keys to quickly lock the computer. Very useful if you have children or ill-wishers who can read your personal information.
+P– Projector control. If a projector is connected, these keys allow you to quickly switch between the projector and the computer.
+ R- Open the "Run" window.
+ T- In turn, we sequentially translate the focus on the icons that are in the taskbar.
+ U– Open the Ease of Access Center window.
+ X– Call "Mobility Center" (laptops and netbooks).
+ Tab– Call "Flip 3D". When clicked, you can use the mouse to select a window.
+ Space– Desktop View (Aero Peak). All windows will become transparent.
+ Arrow– Controlling the location of the active window. Pressing the up arrow - maximize, down - collapse, left - stick to the left edge, right - stick to the right edge.
+ Pause- Open the "System Properties" window.
+Home- Minimize all windows except the active window, clicking again will open the minimized windows. + 5, the player will open.
Alt + Tab (Tab)– Switching between windows and applications.
Shift+Ctrl+N- Create a new folder.
SHIFT+ F10– Display options for the selected element.
Shift + Arrow - Selection . Arrows are used: left, right, down and up. Applicable for text and files.
CTRL- Selection of elements. By holding CTRL you can selectively select items. For example, while in a folder, left-click on the folders that you want to copy or cut, after selection, release CTRL and get the folders you selected for further work with them.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc- Open task manager.
CTRL+TAB– Go forward through the bookmarks.
Alt + F4– Close the window or exit the application.
ALT + Space- Display the system menu for the current window.
F2- Rename. Select the object and press the F2 button .
F5- Refresh window. It is often used in the browser if the page is “hanging” or information needs to be updated. Applicable also if you are in a folder or program.
F10- Activate the menu.
Esc- Cancel the operation. When you open, for example, the properties of a folder by pressing the ESC button, the "Properties" window will close.
ENTER– Open the selected element.
TAB- Go ahead through the options.
P.S. Dessert for today, video about Windows 7 hotkeys.
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12. Keyboard Troubleshooting
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19. On-screen keyboard on your computer
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What do the computer keys mean, the purpose of the keys on the keyboard
According to the purpose of the keys
on the keyboard are divided into six groups:
What groups of keys is the keyboard divided into? functional;
alphanumeric;
cursor control;
digital panel;
specialized;
modifiers.
function keys F1 - F12 on the computer keyboard Function keys F1 - F12
on a computer keyboard
Functional row keys F1 - F12.
Twelve function keys are located
on the top row of the keyboard.
Purpose of the f1 - f12 keys on the computer keyboard
Function keys also have their own functions on the computer, you can see this in the "User's Guide" that comes with each computer.
But besides this - these keys are involved in or they are also called - this is when, by pressing one, two or three keys, certain commands are executed for the computer.
For example:
by pressing the F1 key - we call up help for that
program that you currently have open.
About "hot keys", below.
Keys of the alphanumeric block on the keyboard
Alphanumeric keys
To include
keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation marks
and arithmetic operations, special characters.
The keyboard is initially capitalized. To print a capital
you must first press the Shift key and while holding it press the desired letter.
The Shift key can be pressed both to the right and to the left, as you like.
more convenient (although for the ten-finger typing method, this is
it is important which side of Shift to press).
If you want to print all text in capital letters, then press the key
Caps Lock, no need to keep it, all text will be in capital letters. Return
To normal typing, press the Caps Lock key again.
Switch from Cyrillic to Latin and vice versa - press the Alt key and hold
her, Shift. Or you can simply - by clicking on the button with the language designation at the bottom of the screen -
RU, EN and choose.
Number pad keys
Number pad keys
The main purpose of the keys is
duplication of alphanumeric key functions
block in terms of entering numbers and arithmetic operators.
Using the keys of this panel is more convenient for entering numbers and arithmetic operators than entering these characters with the keys of the alphanumeric block.
On some computers, the number pad is located in a separate block,
right, (top image). Sometimes, most often on laptops, the number pad is located on the keys of the alphanumeric block, (bottom image).
In my opinion - not too convenient, but probably you need to get used to it,
if the need arises.
Keyboard modifier keys
Modifier Keys
Shift , Ctrl , Caps Lock , Alt and AltGr (right Alt) keys
belong to the number.
They are designed to change (modify) the actions of other keys.
Modifier keys are the most commonly used, so they have
enlarged size. In addition, the Shift and Ctrl keys are duplicated
on both sides of the alphanumeric keypad.
assignment of each of the keys on the computer keyboard
Purpose of each of the keys
on a computer keyboard
And now - more about the purpose of each of the keys on the keyboard
computer. It is possible that not all of them will be useful to you, but to know
for which each of them is responsible, probably necessary!
The "space" key - in addition to its main function, do
a space between words also removes the "selected" object.
Esc - cancel the last action (closes unnecessary windows).
Print Screen - prints the contents of the screen -
takes a picture of the screen. Then we can paste this screenshot
in Word or Paint. Such a photograph of the screen is called a "screenshot".
Scroll Lock - in theory, it should serve in order to
scroll the information up and down, that is, duplicate the wheel
scrolling on a computer mouse, but not on all computers this
the button works.
Pause/Break - designed to pause the current
computer process, but also - it does not work on all computers.
Insert - the Insert button in order to print text over already
printed. If you press this key, the new text will be
be printed by erasing the old one. To cancel this, press again.
on the Insert key.
Delete - delete. Deletes characters on the right side
blinking cursor. Deletes "selected" objects (lines of text,
folders, files).
Home - go to the beginning of the filled line.
End - jump to the end of the filled line.
Page Up - turns the page forward.
Page Down - turns the page back.
The Home, End, Page Up, Page Down keys are mainly needed by those who type professionally and a lot. But also to move with the help of these
keys on a website page on the Internet - you can too.
Backspase - removes the characters to the left of the blinking
cursor while typing text. And returns to the previous
page in browsers and in Explorer windows, replacing the arrow
"back", in the upper left corner.
Tab - tab stops the cursor at a specific location in the line.
Required to work in Word, Excel, Access. And in the usual
typing - quickly jumps to the end of an empty line.
Caps Lock - fix upper and lowercase letters. If you need all
Type the text in capital letters - press the Caps Lock key.
Return to normal position - press again.
Shift - a short press of this key - gives a capital
letter. To type a capital letter, you must first press
Shift key and while holding it, press the desired letter. Shift key
You can press both right and left, as you prefer.
Alt - to switch to the opposite language (from English to
Russian and vice versa) - you need to press the Alt key and not releasing it
Shift key. Pressing and holding the AltGr key (right Alt)
used to move to the second level of the keyboard.
Ctrl - right and left. Opens up additional options
programs.
Nut Look - when the Nut Look indicator is on - it works
numeric (numerical) keypad, which is located on the keyboard
either as a separate block, on the right, or in the center, on the keys -
alphanumeric.
Enter - information entry key, confirms the "yes" command.
For example: you enter an address into the address bar of your browser,
but there is no “find” button there, so we press the key
Enter, thereby instructing the browser to find. Search
lines, you can also not press "find", but press Enter.
And when moving to the next line when typing - also,
press Enter.
Cursor keys - (up), (down), (right),
(left). Move only on filled lines. By using
these arrows you can move not only through the text that you type,
but also on the open pages of sites and programs. Except for those sites
where is the search string. There it is possible to move only along the most
search line.
What are hotkeys or keyboard shortcuts
What are "hot keys"
(or "shortcuts")
(or "shortcuts")
"Hot keys" or "shortcut keys" is a way to
when, by pressing one, two or three keys, certain
commands for the computer or for the currently open program.
To begin with, you should know that the combination "key" + "key" means
that first you need to press the first key, and then, while holding it, the second. Keyboard
while pressing the "hot keys" - in Latin (in Cyrillic, some commands call other programs).
Hotkeys sometimes use the Win and Menu keys, and since
on the keyboard there are only icons on them, then the Win key is between
Ctrl and Alt keys on the left side (the Windows logo is drawn on it).
The Menu key is to the left of the right Ctrl .
Since my site is prepared to help an inexperienced user,
then I will not "load" you with a lot of existing "hot keys",
I will suggest only a few with which it is easier to work and with which
I work myself.
General hotkeys
"Hotkeys"
general purpose
Win - Open the Start menu.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Call "Task Manager".
Win + E - Launch the Explorer program (short press,
because a long press opens multiple windows).
Win + D - Minimize all windows.
Win + F1 - Open Windows Help.
Win + F - Open a file search window.
Win + Pause - Call the "System Properties" window.
F4 - Go to the address bar of the explorer.
F1 - Calling the help of the currently open application.
Backspace - Go up a level in the explorer window.
Ctrl + F - Launches the search utility.
Alt + Printscreen - Take a screenshot of the currently active window.
Ctrl + A - Select everything (objects, text).
Ctrl + Insert t - Copy to clipboard (objects, text) -
but first "select" the object, the text.
Ctrl + P - Print the current document.
Ctrl + Z - Undo the last action.
Hotkeys for working with text
"Hotkeys"
working with text
Ctrl + A - Select all.
Ctrl + Insert - Copy.
Shift + Delete - Cut.
Shift + Insert - Paste.
Ctrl + → - Jump through the words in the text. Works not only
in text editors.
Ctrl + Shift + → - Select text by words.
Ctrl + End - Move to the beginning / end of a line of text, document.
Of course, not all of these "hot keys" are convenient to use.
It is more convenient for me to “copy”, “paste”, “cut” - with the right mouse button.
Hotkeys for working with files
"Hotkeys"
working with files
Shift + F10 - Display the context menu of the current object
(similar to right-clicking).
Menu - Same as Shift + F10 .
Enter - Same as double-clicking the selected object.
Delete - Delete an object.
Shift + Delete - Permanently delete the object,
without putting it in the trash.
What is a virtual keyboard
What is "Virtual Keyboard"
"Virtual Keyboard" is a program that is installed either on a PC,
or there are online services. With this program, you can type
letters, numbers, punctuation marks and more - without the help of your keyboard on your
computer using only the mouse.
That is, you do not type the text with your fingers, but click on the letters with the mouse
on the "virtual keyboard" and the text is printed just like on your native keyboard.
Free virtual keyboard online on Yandex
