The history of the creation of pseudonyms goes back to the distant past. The word itself has Greek roots, and it can be translated as "false name". Famous people often changed their surnames, but their motives were radically different from each other.

What is a pseudonym for?

In ancient China and Japan, great poets took on new names when they reached fame. They wanted to be sure that their fame was not just a tribute to fashion, but a recognition of true talent. Many authors went through the creative path anew several times.

Often the motive to hide the name was fear - since the 17th century, actors and writers have been hiding under pseudonyms, so as not to disgrace the noble family and incur the wrath of society on their heads. In tsarist Russia, revolutionaries seeking to avoid persecution conducted underground activities under fictitious transparent nicknames.

Another motive for changing the name is the dissonance of the sound. Singer Krivorotov could hardly win the hearts of fans in the 80s of the 20th century, but Andrei Razin coped with this task in the best way. Modern movie stars also prefer bright and sonorous pseudonyms to their rustic surnames - a well-chosen option is quickly becoming known all over the world.

The Internet also dictates its own rules to people striving to be at the center of the World Wide Web. Every second site offers to come up with a second name or nickname (nickname), and users have to use all their imagination so as not to get lost in the vastness of the web. How to choose a nickname for yourself for different cases, let's try to figure it out in this article.

A pseudonym with a "twist"

The most important thing in a pseudonym is its originality and memorability. The name should arouse the interlocutor's curiosity and the desire to solve the riddle. It is desirable that the nickname is associated with its bearer and is easily perceived by ear.

It is very important to consider the circumstances in which the pseudonym will be used. It is unacceptable to use the nickname Milashka in business communication, but his presence on a dating site will be justified.

Of course, you can always take advantage of the fruits of someone else's mental labor and take a name for yourself from some network directory. However, coming up with original names that don't repeat anyone is always more fun.

Know yourself

Quite often people take the problem of choosing a name too seriously. In that
case, the fictitious nicknames sound too pretentious and cumbersome. How do you come up with a pseudonym so that it is easy to perceive, does not cause irritation or a bewildered smile? It is best to go back to your past and think about what your friends and family have called you. Often, close people very subtly notice the details of the character and come up with an accurate comparison. It may happen that you don't have to come up with anything, since a good nickname has long been stored in your memory.

How to come up with a pseudonym surname?

People of creative professions have always tried to change the boring surname they inherited. A bright name on a poster or TV screen grabs the public's attention and makes you take a fresh look at the personality of an actor or musician. Let's consider several ways to create this type of alias and try to use them in real life:

Female aliases

Lovely girls, before coming up with an original pseudonym for communicating on the Internet, think carefully about what goals you want to achieve! What pseudonym can you think of for a girl living on the net? It all depends on the task at hand.

1. Seduction. Such affectionate nicknames as "Lapulya", "Sweet" or "Pussy" will come in handy in this situation. However, you should not count on a serious attitude towards your person on the part of the male. Aliases of this type are designed for a quick instinctive reaction, which can lead to indecent offers, insults and ridicule. Sometimes these aliases cause the opposite effect - disgust and negativity.
2. Online Games. What is the nickname for a girl who loves network games? Brave ladies are not shy and proudly call themselves "Lady Hammer", "Warrior", "Queen of the Night". The downside of such nicknames is that other players may want to test the strength of the armor of their owners. If you are ready to reflect all the attacks, then the decision is made correctly.
3. Acquaintance. For those wishing to build personal happiness through dating sites, it is recommended to choose romantic names that demonstrate the girl's femininity and charm. For example, it can be the actual name written in Latin script. To enhance the effect, the design of the alias will help, when instead of one letter there is a graphic icon (heart or flower).

Nickname for a man

Men, as representatives of the strong half of humanity, always strive to demonstrate strength and confidence in all aspects of life. And here it is important not to overdo it. Pseudonyms like "Sex Machine" or "Ladies Pleasant" can only cause not only confusion, but also laughter.

It must be understood that women value intelligence, a sense of humor and the ability to make money. How to come up with a pseudonym for such a man? Very simple - use the mythological dictionary and history textbook. The name borrowed from the ancient hero will show the education and erudition of its owner.

Which nickname to choose?

What to come up with a pseudonym "Vkontakte", "Odnoklassniki" and Facebook? Those who like to communicate on social networks know more than anyone about the difficulties of choosing a pseudonym. And this is not surprising - thousands of people are racking their brains over how to present themselves to their former classmates and current colleagues in the most favorable light. For teenagers who communicate with their peers in chats and groups, it is very important not to get lost among the original nicknames and to attract maximum attention. To solve this problem, we will try to use the most original ways to solve it.

How to come up with a social media nickname?

Results of using a pseudonym

As a result of creative efforts, a mass of variants of pseudonyms is born and a new problem appears - the problem of choice. It is not necessary to dwell on any one word; it is better to try out all the options you like. After chatting online for some time under a new nickname, you can understand its pros and cons. If there are more interlocutors and the popularity grows, then you are on the right track. If things got worse, then you should think about mistakes. Perhaps this nickname is inappropriate for this resource and only interferes with the implementation of the assigned tasks. There is no need to despair - a negative outcome is a good reason for new achievements, and a creative approach will help you get the desired result.

In turn, we hope that the article helped to get an answer to the question "How to come up with a nickname?", And our tips showed you new ways to form an original name.

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, experts in esotericism and occultism, the authors of 14 books.

Here you can get advice on your problem, find useful information and buy our books.

On our website you will receive quality information and professional help!

Aliases

Alias(from the Greek. false name) - an invented name that a person uses in social activities instead of the name given at birth (recorded in official documents).

Most often, pseudonyms are used in literature, art, religion and the occult.

If a person becomes famous, then a pseudonym often supplants his real name. And even the person himself begins to perceive himself under a pseudonym.

Take a pseudonym if you want:

Choose a name with a certain energy (program) for success in a particular profession

Have a bright, memorable name

Replace the long name with a shorter one

Hide national roots

Hide real name to protect from increased attention

Literary aliases

Alexander Green - Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky

Alexander Serafimovich - Alexander Serafimovich Popov

Anatole France - Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault

André Maurois - Emile Salomon Wilhelm Erzog

Andrey Bely - Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev

Anna Akhmatova - Anna Andreevna Gorenko

Arkady Gaidar - Arkady Petrovich Golikov

Boris Polevoy - Boris Nikolaevich Kampov

Veniamin Kaverin - Veniamin Alexandrovich Zilber

Voltaire - Marie Francois Arouet

Guillaume Apollinaire - Wilhelm Apollinarius Kostrovitsky

Gleb Arseniev - Sorokin Yuri Alexandrovich

Grigory Gorin - Grigory Izrailevich Offstein

Daniil Kharms - Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev

Demyan Bedny - Efim Alekseevich Pridvorov

Jack London - John Griffith Cheney

Georges Sand - Amandine Aurora Lucille Dupin

Igor Severyanin - Igor Vasilievich Lotarev

Kir Bulychev - Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko

Kornei Chukovsky - Nikolay Vasilievich Korneichukov

Lesya Ukrainka - Larisa Petrovna Kosach-Kvitka

Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

Maxim Gorky - Alexey Maximovich Peshkov

Maxim Tank - Evgeny Ivanovich Skurko

Mark Twain - Samuel Lenghorn Clemens

Mikhail Svetlov - Mikhail A. Sheinkman

Mikhail Koltsov - Mikhail Efimovich Fridlyand

Moliere - Jean Baptiste Poquelin

O. Henry - William Sidney Porter

Pablo Neruda - Naftali Ricardo Reyes Basualto

Paul Eluard - Eugene Emile Paul Gredel

Panas Mirny - Afanasy Yakovlevich Rudchenko

Prus Boleslav - Alexander Glovatsky

Sasha Cherny - Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg

Stendhal - Henri-Marie Beyle

Teffi - Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya (Buchinskaya)

Sholem Aleichem - Sholem Nokhumovich Rabinovich

Eduard Bagritsky - Eduard Georgievich Dzyubin

Erasmus of Rotterdam - Gerhard Gerhards

Yakub Kolas - Konstantin Mikhailovich Mitskevich

Janis Rainis - Janis Pliekshans

Artistic aliases

Woody Allen - Allen Stewart Koenigsberg

Harry Houdini - American Illusionist - Eric Weiss

Greta Garbo - Greta Gustafson

Jean Gabin - Jean Alexi Moncorget

Yves Montand - Ivo Livy

Smoktunovsky Innokenty Mikhailovich - Smoktunovich Innokenty Mikhailovich

Pencil - Mikhail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev

Madonna - Madonna Louise Ciccone

Marina Vladi - Maria-Luiza Polyakova-Baidarova

Marlene Dietrich - Maria Magdalena Dietrich

Marilyn Monroe - Norma Jeane Baker

Ranevskaya Faina Georgievna - Feldman Faina Georgievna

Simone Signoret - Simone Kaminker

Sophia Loren - Sophia Shicolone

Utesov Leonid Osipovich - Lazar Iosifovich Vaysbein

Fred Astaire - Frederic Austerlitz

Fernandel - Fernand Contanden

Cher - Sherilyn Sargsyan

Aliases in art

Sandro Botticelli - Italian painter - Alessandro Filipepi

Titian - Italian painter - Tiziano Vecellio

Giorgione - Italian painter - Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco

Le Corbusier - architect - Charles Edouard Jeanneret

Parmigianio - Italian painter - Francesco Mazzola

Pinturicchio - Italian painter - Bernardino di Betto di Biagio

El Greco - Spanish painter - Domenico Teotokopouli

Singing aliases

Grigory Leps - Russian singer - Grigory Viktorovich Lepsveridze

Mario Lanza - American singer (tenor) - Alfredo Arnoldo Cocozza

Maria Callas - American singer (soprano) of Greek descent - Sofia Ceselia Kalos (Kalogeropoulos)

Mark Bernes - Otto Neumann

Mylene Farmer - French singer - Mylene Gaultier

Sting - Gordon Sumner

Tina Turner - Anna Mae Bullock

Charles Aznavour - Varenag Aznavuryan (Aznauryan)

Aliases in science

Paracelsus - German physician, naturalist and philosopher - Philip Aureol Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim

Nicolas Bourbaki is a group of French mathematicians created in 1935.

Aliases in fashion

Coco Chanel - French designer, trendsetter of women's fashion of the 20th century - Gabrielle Bonneur Chanel

Collective aliases

The Vasiliev brothers - film directors, screenwriters, namesakes Georgy and Sergei Vasiliev, creators of the film "Chapaev"

Kozma Prutkov - Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Alexey Mikhailovich Zhemchuzhnikov, Vladimir Mikhailovich Zhemchuzhnikov, Alexander Mikhailovich Zhemchuzhnikov

Kukryniksy - Kupriyanov Mikhail Vasilievich, Krylov Porfiry Nikitich, Sokolov Nikolai Alexandrovich

Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov - writers, co-authors Ilya Arnoldovich Faizilberg and Evgeny Petrovich Kataev

Political aliases

Lenin - Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. Lenin had over 146 pseudonyms.

Martov - Julius Osipovich Zederbaum

Stalin - Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili

Trotsky - Lev (Leiba) Davidovich Bronstein

Kamenev - Lev Borisovich Rosenfeld

Willie Brandt - Herbert Karl Fram

Rudolph Abel - William Genrikhovich Fischer

Arseny - Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze

Voinov - A.V. Lunacharsky

Rook - Nikolay Bauman

Kirov - Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov

Zinoviev - O.A. Applebaum

Molotov - V.M. Scriabin

Sablina - N.K. Krupskaya

Sports aliases

Pele - Brazilian footballer, striker - Edson Arantes do Nascimento

Black Kyrgyz - kickbacker - Alain Ofoyo

Tiger from Madras - chess player - Vishy Anand

Iron Mike - boxer - Mike Tyson

Pseudonym selection

Question:

Hello Oleg Petrovich and Valentina Vladimirovna! Please help me in the selection pseudonym for creative activities... I do DJing (play music). I can’t think of a creative pseudonym for myself. I really like Latin music, Latin countries, the sun, the beach, carnivals. I would like a pseudonym from this topic. Thanks in advance. Tell me what else is required of me for your help.

With all respect, Andrew

Answer:

For those who want to choose a pseudonym, we can offer a pseudonym in three options:

Name (name variations)

Last name (variants of last names)

Name and surname.

Please write what set of programs (energies) your alias should include:

For creative activities

For success, fame, fame

For money, business, increasing income

To attract the opposite sex

For love and family

Other programs (write which ones)

A combination of several of the above programs (energies).

For example, a pseudonym for creative activity can help in creativity, give inspiration, ideas, but at the same time not bring money. Or money will come and go.

It is much easier to find a pseudonym focusing on only one program. Because creativity and business at the same time are a rare combination. Creativity and fame are programs that are close to each other.

And also write examples, aliases that you like, so that we can navigate to your taste.

Pseudonym selection

We can choose a nickname for you. This requires the following data:

Your photo (but not your portfolio), no retouching. Several photos are possible.

Date and place of birth (preferred).

What creative direction are you planning to develop.

What surnames (first names, combination of first and last name) do you like. Please write a list (10-20 options) if you have one. We will consider your options first, maybe some of them are suitable for you. If you have no options, we will select options ourselves.

From which egregor to choose a pseudonym - Russian, European, etc.

Where do you plan to make a career - in Russia, Europe or others.

We will offer you at least 5 euphonious options with good programs of creativity, fame, success, career, money. If you want some more programs in the alias (besides those listed) - write.

Usually, preparation of a consultation takes at least 5-7 days.

In Russian, in addition to your options, we offer our options.

Aliases in another language(except Russian) we select and diagnose only from your options.

After consultation, you can order diagnostics of new options, but diagnostics of new options will be paid additionally. Therefore, before the consultation, we always ask you to send a list of your options (the more, the better), so that at least 1-2 options are successful. Therefore, if you have a desire to consider new options for a pseudonym after consultation, then you will need to pay for the diagnosis of each pseudonym.

On our site we offer a huge selection of names ...

Prices for services are indicative, they can change. Therefore, before making a translation, please, first write a letter with the order of any service (consultation, diagnostics).

To understand what a new name (full name) is, let's give an example:

A person needs to participate in a car race. He wants to win. He orders a car with excellent technical characteristics, pays to develop such a car, and gets it.

But buying a great car doesn't mean it will win the race.

First, he needs the professional qualities of a racer.

Secondly, he needs time to get used to the new car, to feel how it works.

Thirdly, professional racers can participate in the race, who can also have good cars.

It is clear that a good professional racer on a bad car will not win.

But if the racer is bad, and his car is great, he will not see the 1st place either.

In other words, if a person wants to be successful in business, he must have some of the qualities of a businessman. If he does not have such qualities, then a new (even very successful) name will not make him a good businessman.

The name can activate and strengthen the program that a person already has. But you need to understand that it takes time to strengthen and activate the program.

Some people need a week to feel an improvement in their business, while others need much more time. Maybe a year or two. It all depends on the individual experience of the person. And the name (full name) only helps or slows down.

If a person has the necessary energy (character traits), then he himself can choose for himself a suitable name (full name) with the necessary programs.

If a person does not have the necessary qualities, then he cannot fully objectively evaluate the proposed new name (full name).

An inexperienced car enthusiast cannot objectively choose the right car. He may like a beautifully designed car, but with a weak filling.

Therefore, it is advisable to seek help from professionals.

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Our new book "The Energy of Surnames"

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid

Our email address: [email protected]

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Any copying of our materials and their publication on the Internet or in other media without specifying our name is a violation of copyright and is prosecuted by the Law of the Russian Federation.

When reprinting any materials on the site, a link to the authors and the site - Oleg and Valentina Svetovid - is required.

Aliases. Pseudonym selection

Attention! Sites and blogs appeared on the Internet that are not our official sites, but use our name. Be careful. Scammers use our name, our email addresses for their mailings, information from our books and our sites. Using our name, they drag people to various magical forums and deceive (give advice and recommendations that can harm, or defraud money for conducting magical rituals, making amulets and teaching magic). On our sites, we do not provide links to magic forums or to sites of magicians-healers. We do not participate in any forums. We do not give consultations by phone, we do not have time for this. Note! We are not engaged in healing and magic, we do not make or sell talismans and amulets. We are not engaged in magic and healing practice at all, we have not offered and do not offer such services. The only area of ​​our work is correspondence consultations in writing, training through an esoteric club and writing books. Sometimes people write to us that on some sites they saw information that we allegedly deceived someone - they took money for healing sessions or making amulets. We officially declare that this is slander, not true. Throughout our life, we have never deceived anyone. On the pages of our site, in the materials of the club, we always write that you need to be an honest decent person. For us, an honest name is not an empty phrase. People who write slander about us are guided by the basest motives - envy, greed, they have black souls. The times have come when defamation pays well. Now many people are ready to sell their homeland for three kopecks, and it is even easier to slander decent people. People who write slander do not understand that they seriously worsen their karma, worsen their fate and the fate of their loved ones. It makes no sense to talk with such people about conscience, about faith in God. They do not believe in God, because a believer will never make a deal with his conscience, he will never engage in deception, slander, or fraud. There are a lot of fraudsters, pseudo-magicians, charlatans, envious people, people without conscience and honor, hungry for money. Police and other regulatory agencies have yet to cope with the increasing influx of "Cheating for Profit" madness. So please be careful! Best regards - Oleg and Valentina Svetovid Our official sites are: Love spell and its consequences - www.privorotway.ru And also our blogs:

June 18, 2012

Are you satisfied with your name?

"What if I have an ugly surname?"

This question often arises among novice bloggers, and for some, the need to publish their own name makes it difficult to open a blog. The solution is extremely simple - take a pseudonym.

In contrast, pseudonyms are not a way to hide your identity or to simplify your identification in the Internet community, but a way to build your new image. The image that will lead the blogger to money and fame.

Aliases around us

Perhaps someone thinks that the sonorous, beautiful combination of first and last name is an accident, the merit of far-sighted parents or a gift from God. This is by no means the case.

Leonid Utesov, Marilyn Monroe, Kir Bulychev, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Freddie Mercury - guess which of these names are real?

It is not worth guessing for a long time, none of the given names are real, all these are pseudonyms. Moreover, it is difficult to find an outstanding public figure speaking under his real name and surname. Now in blogging there are still many nicknames (as a relic of the past), but the future belongs to pseudonyms.

Why does a blogger need a nickname?

There are 5 objective reasons why any public person (or collective) needs a pseudonym:

1. The conciseness of the name- long names are difficult to remember, "Alexey Mirgashvadze" much worse remembered than "Lesha Mirny".
2. Memorable name- overly common names such as "Alexander Petrov", are blurred in the perception of people, merging with dozens of similar surnames or namesakes. And here's something more unique - "Alex the First", will be remembered much better.
3. Associate with occupation- surnames associated with a person's profession are better perceived and remembered. For example, branding is full of names like "Vkusnov", "Blinoff", "Bystrov".
4. Hide origin- chauvinistic mood towards individual nations will not subside for a long time, therefore it is economically more reasonable to choose neutral pseudonyms, or with a slight American bias.
5. Not to be like a famous namesake - for example, hearing the surname Tolstoy, only Lev Nikolaevich is remembered. At the beginning of my activity, I myself experienced problems with promotion in search engines, due to the wide popularity of my namesake Volodymyr Lytvyn (Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine).

9 tricks for choosing a nickname

As such, there is no technology for forming pseudonyms, otherwise all the names of stars and writers would be in the same manner. But there are a number of tricks using which you can choose a nickname for yourself.

1. Matching name to last name(and vice versa) - if your first and last name are disharmonious, the simplest solution is to change one of them. For example, from "Fedor Tarasov", you can make "Taras Tarasov", or take something exotic for the name. A good example is Angelica Varum (Maria Varum).
2. First and last name with one letter- such a turn is simple and well remembered. For example, Marilyn Monroe, Alena Apina, Harry Garrison.
3. Nicknames and nicknames- often famous people take as a surname successful nicknames given at school, institute, army. The nickname can be slightly changed and taken as a pseudonym. An example is Alexander Marshal.
4. Heroes of books and films- you can take something from the name or surname of your favorite character (preferably positive) and thus create a pseudonym. An example is Alex Ivanhoe.
5. Surnames based on or occupation- a simple technique to create a surname based on your activity. For example, "Suitcases", "Cakes", "Rolling".
6. Surnames based on qualities- just as with the previous example, you can do with positive qualities. Example - "Dobrov", "Veselov", "Happy".
7. Surnames-names- many easy-to-read pseudonyms are created by forming a surname from a first name. For example, Alexandra Marinina, Romain Gary.
8. Associative surnames- for creative people, a surname for a pseudonym can be made up of personal associations with oneself. Examples are Alexander Green, Andrey Bely, Demyan Bedny, Igor Severyanin.
9. Last name inheritance- you can choose a city, country, nation, a positive phenomenon as a surname. These images in your last name will be echoes of the power of the original. Examples - Jack London, Lesya Ukrainka, Maxim Tank.

If you do not have a clear idea of ​​which tools to use, you can make a list of alias options, and then choose the best one.

In any case, whether you chose a new pseudonym for yourself or left a name according to your passport, conduct an experiment for compliance. Imagine yourself at the pinnacle of success, on the cover of a magazine or on a podium in front of an audience of thousands. What name is written on the cover, what name does the host pronounce? Is your current or new one?

Alias- the Greek word: pseudonymos, which means "bearing a false name." From the point of view of the origin of the word, a pseudonym is correct; however, as applied to modern reality, such an explanation does not satisfy: one can hardly consider more “true” such names as A. Thibault instead of Lnatol France, J. Levy instead of Jacques Offenbach, A. P. Golikov instead of Arkady Gaidar, E. A. Pridvorov instead of Demyan Bedny ... Moreover, one cannot speak of any "falsity" if we remember aliases such famous people like Lenin, Maxim Gorky — they are no less "true" than V. I. Ulyanov and A. M. Peshkov. The original, passport name is legally true, and the pseudonym, which has received wide public recognition, is also a true name, but this is an “alias”, for some reason more convenient or necessary than a passport name.

How do you come up with a nickname?

The need to take a pseudonym arises for a variety of reasons. Here are some interesting examples, how did they come up with pseudonyms famous Russian classical artists.

When the young Ivan Nikolayevich Gorelov decided to choose an artistic career, his father, the regiment commander, sharply opposed this and indignantly told his son: "It was not enough for the name of the Gorelovs to appear on the stage ... and bounce around the fences on dirty posters!" The future famous artist gave his word to his father that "the name of the Gorelovs will never appear on the posters ..." And he kept his word, taking the name and surname of his friend, whom he considered dead. On August 15, 1867, he began his stage career, "having transformed for the rest of his life from Ivan Gorelov to Vladimir Davydov." It was the famous artist of the Alexandria Theater V.N.Davydov.

The pseudonym V.I.Kachalov arose even more accidentally. When a young student V. I. Shirubovich, the son of a Belarusian priest, entered the theater, the owner of this theater A. S. Suvorin asked Vasily Ivanovich to take a different surname: “Just this, Mr. Shverubovich, be sure to change your surname. Are you Jewish?" - "Not". - "Hm ... the surname is still heavy ..." (Suvorin believed that the surname Shverubovich comes from the German schwer - "heavy", "difficult"). On the table lay a newspaper with an announcement about the death of some Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov. The name was freed from its bearer, and it was adopted by the young Shirubovich, who became famous as the People's Artist of the USSR Kachalov.

Comic motivation is associated with the appearance of another pseudonym - also the future People's Artist of Ostuzhev. According to his passport, he was Pozharov and under this name he began his artistic career, but when, as A.I. "fire!". Yuzhin congratulated Sasha, but said: “You need to change your surname immediately! "Fire" is a disaster! " “… It is necessary to come up with something contrasting… Zalivin? No, it won't do, some kind of jellied food ... Putting out the fires ... Tushin? No, some kind of Tushino thief ... They cool the fire ... Well, call yourself Ostuzhev! " And Alexander Alekseevich became Ostuzhev.

Pseudonyms of famous Russian writers and poets

Very often, representatives of aristocratic surnames "hid" under pseudonyms, which sometimes represented a reworking of the original surname: P. D. Obolensky became Lensky (artist of the Alexandria Theater). Wed similar truncations: V. V. Luzhsky from Kaluzhsky (artist of the Moscow Art Theater), Atalov from Batalov, writers Ovalov from Shapovalov, B. Galin from Rogalin; already mentioned V.N.Davydov played on club scenes under a secondary pseudonym-truncation - Vydov.

Often the official position forced famous writers and poets for the signature of literary works, resort to alias... Thus, the consul Anrn Beil took the pseudonym Stendhal, the orientalist O. I. Senkovsky - Baron Brambeus, Prince V. F. Odoevsky - V. Nevsky, V. I. Dal - Cossack Lugansky. N. S. Leskov - Stebnitsky, P. I. Melnikov - Andrey Pechersky, Vice-Governor M. E. Saltykov - N. Shchedrin.

Completely unique in history of Russian pseudonyms is the pseudonym Kozma Prutkov, under which the real names of the writers A. K. Tolstoy and the brothers Alexei and Vladimir Mikhailovich Zhemchuzhnikov were hidden; these three writers even issued a portrait of their collective pseudonym, which became as famous as the lines of the immortal Prutkov.

There are times when two brothers perform in the same field, and then most often the younger brother takes a pseudonym; so, the writer Yevgeny Petrovich Kataev, unlike his elder brother Valentin Petrovich, took a pseudonym for his patronymic - Yevgeny Petrov; the younger brother of the singer LB Sobinov (also a tenor) took the pseudonym Volgin (the Sobinovs are from Yaroslavl); of the two Moskvin brothers, the youngest. Mikhail Mikhailovich, became Tarkhanov.

At the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century, famous Russian writers and poets there is a fashion for aliases type: first name (more often fictitious) and instead of a surname - a qualitative adjective, whence such pseudonyms originated: Maxim Gorky (Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov), Sasha Cherny (Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg), Demyan Bedny (Efim Alekseevich Pridvorov), Andrey Bely (Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev) and even Anton Krainy (Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius!).

This "model" has passed into the 20s of the XX century; Wed Artem Vesely, Mikhail Golodny, Emil Krotkiy, Vladimir Krasny, etc., which was parodied in the play by V. P. Kataev "Squaring the Circle" in the person of the poet Yemelyan Chernozemny.

Linguistically, pseudonyms are interesting, that is, literal translations of names and surnames to obtain a pseudonym. The famous Polish pianist Iosif Hoffmann performed not only as a musician, but also as a writer and signed Dvorski, translating German Hoffmann into Polish Dworski. The well-known music critic Vyacheslav Gavrilovich Karatygin signed Chernogorskiy in the magazine “Theater and Art”, as Kara in Turkic languages ​​means “black”, and tag means “mountain”. This also includes Silvius - Dubois, Xilandr - Holzman.

There are cases in history when not only the surname is pseudonymized, but also the name and patronymic. For example, the famous Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova was Matveyevna in her passport, and Pavlovna became “in the world”. Here's another curious case: one famous writer was Cyril on his passport, but since he could not pronounce either "r" or "l", he was pseudonymized as Constantine.

There are also known examples of pseudonyms where a pun is involved, for example, the pseudonym of the writer Innocent Annensky Nick. T - o (= no one, cf. Captain Nemo in Jules Verne), or the pseudonym of the famous compiler of "Readers in Literature" A. D. Galakhov: One hundred - one, where one resembles such surnames as Triodin, Mavrodin, or else: And Grekov (the pseudonym of the writer Wentzel. Coming from the mathematical notation "game"),

In conclusion, we can say that pseudonyms are not only among people, but even among dogs; in the 1920s, the importation of blood producers from abroad was practiced; such were the pointers: according to the passport King von Ritterhülle, alias in Tigris, or Comanche-Frank-Wilks, simplified into John, that is, with "Vanka" ...

Postscript: who wants to get more about pseudonyms than is described here, can look at the "Dictionary of pseudonyms" by IF Masanov in 4 volumes, Moscow, 1956.

On the history of the emergence of Russian pseudonyms from the magazine "Family and School", 1962

Alias

The alias is a name that is used by a person or group of people instead of a proper name; a fictitious anthroponym, with which the author replaces his real name, in a written text or public activity (art, politics).

Examples of aliases

Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names of people, which replace the old ones and become permanent. Aliases are "temporary names" used only in certain contexts and generally accepted for the purpose of hiding a person's identity.
Literary pseudonyms often supplant the real name of the author in the reader's mind:

• Moliere (real name - Jean-Baptiste Poquelin);
• Voltaire (real name - Francois-Marie Aruet);
• Jean Paul (real name - Johann Paul Friedrich Richter);
• Novalis (real name - Friedrich von Hardenberg);
• Stendhal (real name - Marie-Henri Bayle);
• Jack London (real name - John Griffith Cheney);
• Maxim Gorky (real name - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov).

Political aliases

Pseudonyms are accepted as a given name when viewed as part of a cultural tradition, for example: religious names used by representatives of religious institutions, or political names taken by members of the Communist Party - Trotsky (real name - Bronstein), Lenin (real name - Ulyanov).

Reasons for using aliases

Historically, pseudonyms have taken the form of Greekisms, romanizations, and anagrams, but there are other methods for choosing a pseudonym.
The use of pseudonyms can be due to various social and biographical factors: the emphasis on tradition, nationality, creative and human qualities, the desire to remain incognito, class prejudices, censorship conditions, fear of persecution, indecision of novice authors, the presence of namesakes or relatives working in the same field, etc.

Alias ​​classification

In science, the classification of pseudonyms has been developed in detail, both according to formal onomastic characteristics and for reasons of use. In the era of humanism, the focus on ancient culture led to the emergence of latinized pseudonyms (von Hohenheim - "Paracelsus", Johann Georg Thurmair - "Johann Aventine").

Some of the common types of aliases

• allonim- a pseudonym, which is the name of another person;
• ethnopseudonym- a pseudonym that indicates the nationality of the author ("Lesya Ukrainka");
• pseudo-ethnonym- a pseudonym that hides the author's nationality: writers of Polish origin, classics, respectively, English, French, Russian literature - Joseph Konrad (real name - Kozhenyovsky), Guillaume Apollinaire (real name - Kostrovitsky), Alexander Green (real name - Grinevsky);
• pseudoandronym- a signature in the form of a male name, which is used by the female author ("George Eliot", "Georges Sand");

Aliases in literature

The alias is a frequent form of the name of a writer, which is used by the author of a work himself or by publishers on his behalf. In the 19th century, when writing was considered a predominantly male profession, some female authors used male pseudonyms. And on the contrary, the novelists of the XX-XXI centuries. signed by female names. For example, Peter O'Donnell wrote under the female pseudonym "Madeline Brent."

Pseudonyms are also used when the real name of the writer can be confused with the name of another author or famous person; or when the true name of the author is considered inappropriate. Writers who create both fiction and non-fiction, that is, works in different genres, use several pseudonyms (heteronyms) in order to isolate parts of their work according to common characteristics and not to mislead readers.

Nickname Charlotte Brontë

The English writer Charlotte Brontë signed herself with a fictitious name in early writings in order to hide her gender, and also so that the locals would not guess that the plots of the novels are based on events from their lives, since the neighbors inspired the writer to create characters. S. Brontë published the novels Jane Eyre (1847) and Shirley (1849) under the pseudonym Carrer Bell.

Nickname "Mark Twain"

Authors often become better known under pseudonyms than under their own names. A striking example is the works of the American writer Samuel Clemens under the pseudonym "Mark Twain" (English "mark two"), which meant 2 fathoms - the minimum depth allowed for navigation of ships (3.7 m).

J.K. Rowling aliases

Some literary aliases are not strictly aliases, as they result from variations of the authors' own names, such as the initialized full name form. The famous English writer J.K. Kathleen Rowling published the Harry Potter series under the short name J. K. Rowling ". The writer also published the series of detective stories "Cormoran Strike" and the crime novel "Call of the Cuckoo" under the pseudonym "Robert Galbraith".

Collective pseudonym

Co-authors of literary works are sometimes published under a collective pseudonym, that is, the common name of two or more persons participating in the creation of the work. For example, "Nicola Bourbaki" is the collective pseudonym of a group of French mathematicians, "Ellery Queen" is the creative pseudonym of Frederic Dunnay and Manfred B. Lee and the name of the protagonist of their joint work.

Pseudo-Mastics

The section of lexicology devoted to the study of pseudonyms is called "pseudonomastics". In a broad sense, pseudonyms include related concepts: kryptonym, heteronym, astronym, allonym, literary mask. The opposite of a pseudonym is a person's real name - an autonym.

Modern meaning

The concept of a pseudonym remains relevant in many areas of human activity. In contemporary art, the bearers of pseudonyms are not only writers, but also actors, musicians, singers, dancers, and artists. The terms "stage name", "professional name", "display name" are used to denote the artist's nickname.

The word pseudonym comes from Greek pseudonymos (Greek pseudo - fiction, false; onoma - name), which means "fictitious name", "false name".