Concept of the state information policy of 1998 State information policy of the Russian Federation and its impact on the activities of pr-services

Provision issues information security are currently under the scrutiny of scientists, politicians, statesmen, as well as citizens and their associations. For modern society the process of informatization accompanying its development is characteristic, which has acquired a global, worldwide character, and creates more and more threats to the security of the individual, society and the state.

Revealing the essence of state policy in the field of information security requires an analysis of the content of the concept of "information security", as well as establishing the relationship between the concepts of "state information policy", "state policy in the field of national security" and "state policy in the field of information security."

Note that a unified position on the content of the very concept of "state policy" has not yet been developed. Scientists and thinkers in different periods have proposed a variety of definitions of public policy, emphasizing certain aspects of it. Contemporary researchers special attention is paid to the subjects (primarily government bodies), the content and goals of the implementation of public policy, considering it both statically (goals, principles, norms, a set of measures and measures, etc.) and in dynamics (political process, activities, etc.).

In particular, state policy can be defined as "the line, course, definition of goals and objectives and the very activity aimed at achieving them and carried out by this state and its bodies in the center and at the local level, in the country and abroad."

In turn, the state information policy is associated with the implementation of one of the functions of the state, which is distinguished by a number of scientists - the information function. It should be noted that at present there is no generally accepted definition of the concept of "information function of the state", in connection with which its inclusion in the definition of the concept of "state information policy" may lead to ambiguity in the content of the latter.

Despite the fact that the need to formulate and implement the state information policy of Russia is indicated in a number of regulatory legal acts, still the definition of this concept at the legislative level is not enshrined. The Concept of the State Information Policy of the Russian Federation, approved at a meeting of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy and Communications on October 15, 1998 and at a meeting of the Permanent Chamber on State Information Policy of the Political Consultative Council under the President of the Russian Federation on December 21, 1998 (hereinafter - the Concept of State Information Policy policy of Russia), defines the state information policy of the Russian Federation as “a set of goals that reflect the national interests of Russia in information sphere, strategic directions of their achievement (tasks) and the system of measures that implement them. "

This definition is quite general in nature, does not disclose the range of subjects carrying out state information policy.

Other definitions of the state information policy were given by various scientists, in particular, Popov V.D., Rakitov A.I., Plitko A.G., Ustinovich E.S., Karjakina A.V. The most complete and reflecting the essence of the state information policy of the Russian Federation seems to be the definition formulated by Y.A. Nisnevich, who proposes to understand the state information policy as a set of goals reflecting national interests in the information sphere, strategy, tactics, public administration tasks, managerial decisions and their methods. implementation, developed and implemented by the state authorities to regulate and improve both the actual processes of information interaction in all spheres of the life of society and the state, and the processes of ensuring such interaction. This definition reflects:

• the need for both the definition of the concept of state information policy and the implementation of activities aimed at its implementation on the part of the state represented by state authorities;
• goals and objects of state information policy.

It is noteworthy that among the goals, objectives, principles of state information policy in the Concept of State Information Policy of Russia, information security is not given due attention. At the same time, this Concept stipulates that the solution of the main tasks of such a policy should be carried out through various forms of influence on objects of the information sphere, including the information security system. At the same time, it is indicated that the state information policy closely interacts with the state policy of ensuring the national security of the country through the information security system. At the same time, it was determined that one of the main directions of the state information policy in this area is the close interaction of measures of the state information policy with the measures carried out within the framework of the state policy for ensuring information security. These formulations do not allow to unambiguously establish the relationship between the state information policy and the state policy in the field of information security. However, according to the author, they should be related as the general with the particular.

This position can be justified as follows. In the modern world, the following contradictions (conflicts) can be observed, which require resolution from the state:

• on the one hand, simultaneously with the formation and development of the information society, new requirements are imposed on the state to ensure the information rights of citizens, primarily in terms of ensuring the availability of information. In particular, the scale of the use of information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, is increasing, with the help of which documents are sent, payments are made, state and local authorities not only inform citizens about their activities, but also provide state and municipal services. etc. Industry development information technologies led to the fact that today huge flows of information are transmitted using a diverse range of technical devices, including devices mobile communications... However, on the other hand, the question arises that the state, while implementing measures aimed at ensuring the access of its citizens to information, is obliged to ensure the protection of their other rights and legitimate interests, in particular, the right to inviolability. privacy, as well as protecting the interests of society and the state itself, since the lack of state regulation of information transfer processes can cause irreparable harm to the interests of the individual, society and the state, including national security. V in this case a dilemma arises of the availability and security of information, the resolution of which is in the area of ​​responsibility of the state. Achieving a balance of interests in this matter is possible only through the implementation of a comprehensive state policy in the information sphere. The formation and implementation of the state information policy without taking into account the requirements aimed at ensuring information security can lead to serious consequences, up to the loss of state sovereignty. At the same time, the state policy in the field of information security, aimed at ensuring the security of national interests, cannot be carried out without taking into account the need to observe the constitutional rights of citizens to receive information, in particular, such a policy should not provide for the introduction of unreasonable restrictions on the collection, storage, use and dissemination of information, activities of the media, etc. Therefore, it seems that the state policy in the field of information security should be carried out within the framework of the implementation of the state information policy, which has a wider range of objects of influence. It should be noted that at the same time the state policy in the field of information security is one of the directions of the implementation of the state policy in the field of ensuring national security. This conclusion follows from paragraph 6 of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015 No. 683, according to which national security includes the country's defense and all types of security provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation, before all state, public, informational, environmental, economic, transport, energy security, personal security. Taking into account the foregoing, we believe that the state policy in the field of information security is an integral part of the state information policy and state policy in the field of ensuring national security, representing a connecting link between them;
• on the one hand, there is a development of globalization and global processes, and on the other, an increase in the number of various actors in the world arena and their sovereignty. The process of globalization makes it possible to speed up the processes of introducing new information technologies, contributes to the development of international information exchange and has a number of other positive consequences that make it possible to ensure the availability of information. However, in the context of globalization, control of information flows by the state becomes difficult, which, in turn, poses a threat to the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. In particular, the lack of state regulation, including through the introduction of restrictions and prohibitions in the collection, use, storage and dissemination of information, can lead to the dissemination of information that poses a threat to national interests, violation of the constitutional rights of citizens, the commission of cybercrimes, etc. As NN Kunyaev correctly notes, "the development of the global information space dictates new needs of legal and organizational regulation in the information sphere, related to ensuring the protection of the state and its citizens from encroachments from other countries or terrorist organizations."

In view of the above, it seems that the state information policy should be comprehensive. It is within the framework of this approach that it is possible to effectively implement the state policy in the field of information security. Otherwise, it is unlikely that the necessary balance between the availability and security of information will be achieved.

The very concept of "information security" is not enshrined at the legislative level. At the same time, the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on September 9, 2000 No. Pr-1895 (hereinafter referred to as the Doctrine of Information Security of Russia), defines information security as the state of protection of its national interests in the information sphere, determined by a set of balanced interests of the individual , society and state.

It should be noted that the definition of information security is given in intergovernmental agreements to which the Government of the Russian Federation is a party, including the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Cuba on cooperation in the field of international information security (signed in Havana on July 11, 2014), Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Belarus on cooperation in the field of international information security (signed in Moscow on December 25, 2013), the Agreement between the Governments of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states on cooperation in the field of international information security (signed in . Yekaterinburg June 16, 2009). In these agreements, information security is understood as the state of protection of the individual, society, state and their interests from threats, destructive and other negative impacts in the information space, which, in turn, is defined as a field of activity associated with the creation, transformation, transmission, use, storage of information, which affects, among other things, individual and public consciousness, information infrastructure and information itself. The Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Federal Republic of Brazil on cooperation in the field of ensuring international information and communication security (concluded in Moscow on May 14, 2010) provides for a slightly different definition of information security as a state of protection of an individual, society, state and their interests from existing and potential threats in the field of information and communication means and technology, including measures to ensure the availability, integrity, confidentiality and authenticity of information.

Thus, the definition of information security contained in the Doctrine of Information Security of Russia is rather general and does not specify what the national interests in the information sphere should be protected from, while intergovernmental agreements regulate this issue in more detail.

In science, the question of the concept of "information security" continues to be controversial. In many ways, the diversity of approaches to the definition of this concept is due to the fact that information security is analyzed by scientists within various branches of scientific knowledge, including lawyers, philosophers, political scientists, sociologists, technical specialists, each of which focuses on one or another aspect of information security ...

Legal scholars suggest that under information security we understand the state of protection of the country's national interests (i.e., vital interests based on a balanced basis) in the information sphere from internal and external threats... This definition correlates with the above definition of information security contained in the Russian Information Security Doctrine, supplementing the latter with a reference to the types of threats from which national interests are to be protected. Indeed, this Doctrine divides threats to information security into internal and external.

Other scientists understand information security as a state of protection of the individual, society and the state in the information sphere, which allows to provide all interested parties with the necessary amount of information, ensure the social usefulness of the relevant information, and also ensure the access rights of all interested parties with the necessary amount of information. This definition focuses on the exercise of the right to the availability of information, bypassing the issue of the need to counter information security threats.

Political scientists place special emphasis on the growing need to unite efforts of the private sector, political institutions and law enforcement agencies, expert and analytical communities in search of ways to counter various threats in this area, and also recognize the need to implement state policy in the field of information security not only at the federal level, but and at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of this study, such an approach to understanding information security seems to be quite broad, since the analysis of the problems of implementation of state policy in the field of information security presupposes, first of all, the activities of public authorities aimed at achieving appropriate results.

Taking into account the above, the following definitions of the concepts of "information security" and "state policy in the field of information security" can be proposed:

• “Information security is a state of protection of an individual, society, state and their interests from internal and external threats, destructive and other negative influences, provided by public authorities at all levels with the help of a set of measures aimed, among other things, at ensuring accessibility, integrity, confidentiality and authenticity of information ";
• "State policy in the field of information security is a set of principles, goals, strategies, tactics, tasks of public administration, management decisions and methods of their implementation, developed and implemented by public authorities at all levels and reflecting national interests in the field of information security."

Bibliography:

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Frolov Nikolay Vladimirovich,
postgraduate student of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher vocational education"Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman ", Department of SGN-3" Political Science ", Moscow

Information confrontation at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. was one of the most important components of modern world politics. Having lost the information confrontation in the fight against the United States, the USSR collapsed, the bipolar system was replaced by American hegemony, and the world community was convinced that the victory of the Americans in cold war provided not only modern types of weapons or economic advantage, but also the skillful use of the latest information technologies.

At the same time, at the present stage, the US information monopoly seems to be by no means controversial, given the active desire of many other states to throw a geopolitical challenge to Washington. The factor of the so-called digital inequality, which is characteristic of many regions of the world today, is used as an ideological basis for a new conflict.

Thus, the well-known Russian researcher A.A. Chernov draws attention to the fact that already at the moment 4.8 billion people. out of 6 billion live in poverty, which means that they cannot use modern information technology. In the coming years, another 2 billion people will be added to them. Moreover, while intellectual elite world and analysts are discussing the prospects for the formation of a global information society, a third of the world's population has never used a regular telephone.

It should be noted that the G8 countries are taking certain measures in order to overcome the digital divide. In particular, in 2000, at the Okinawa summit, the Charter of the Global Information Society was adopted, which stipulated that industrialized countries commit themselves to helping poor countries and providing them with access to new information technologies.

Despite the fact that this document appeared six years ago, no significant progress has been achieved in its implementation, and poor states are still "on the sidelines" of the development of a single world information space.

Meanwhile, the lack of access to new information technologies automatically turns the underdeveloped states into mere consumers of information, and this, in turn, predetermines their information insecurity. Such countries are unable to produce a competitive information product and are forced to consume foreign one, which allows stronger neighbors to use this situation to directly influence public opinion, political elites and leadership.

Largely as a result of this, the most developed states, which do not belong to the so-called "Western community", are actively seeking to counteract the further preservation of the digital inequality. For example, in the APR, a structure such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Union (APEC) is engaged in solving this problem, and in particular its working group Communications, which deals with e-commerce issues.

In addition, as the well-known Belarusian researcher Yu.I. Malevich, the technological successes of the APR countries, and primarily the PRC, in the field of information technologies have generated a number of social and legislative contradictions regarding the information security of states. They are primarily associated with ensuring access for a significant part of the population to the mass media, which is limited at the legislative level, since the leadership of the APR countries fears the spread of unwanted information in such states as the PRC, Vietnam and North Korea.

To a certain extent, a similar situation is typical for the countries of the Arab East. A nongovernmental structure like RAITNET includes universities, research organizations, public and private companies from more than twenty countries. In general, the situation in this region is assessed as more prosperous, since initially in the leading countries of the Near and Middle East, the population had more access to the media. However, now it is impossible not to notice that in recent years the situation in individual states has deteriorated significantly.

Based on the foregoing, it should be stated that the current situation with the digital inequality in the global information space in recent decades is of serious concern in many countries of the world. The Russian Federation is no exception in this case.

Over a long period of historical time Soviet Union sought to contain the information war on the part of Western states, but was ultimately defeated. The causes of this lesion require a separate study, which is beyond the scope of the subject of this work.

Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that after the collapse of the USSR, the Russian Federation retained a significant part of the technological capacities of the former USSR, the use of which allows not only to ensure the security of the internal information space of Russia, but also to act quite actively in the near and far abroad. Otherwise, even the former Soviet republics may very soon find themselves outside Moscow's influence.

In this regard, one should agree with the idea that one of the most significant threats to future Russian foreign policy will be the gradual “squeezing” of Russia out of the neighboring countries, which is already quite obvious today in the example of the Baltic republics.

A noticeable warming in international relations and the democratization of Russian society do not exclude the very fact of the existence of geopolitical informational and psychological expansion. Therefore, the political leadership of Russia should also recognize the need for urgent countermeasures.

An equally serious problem is the so-called "inadequate threats" associated, in particular, with the activities of non-state actors in international communication, including TNCs, large companies, firms, etc. These include, among other things, criminal groups of hackers, which are already capable of inflicting damage on the information security system of any state and are often financed by interested economic entities. This even applies to the United States, where information protection is costly and organized at the highest level. However, it was not until 1998 that hackers infiltrated computer system NASA and Agencies information systems defense of this country.

Due to this, the revision of priorities and accents in assessing national security problems have put science and practice in front of the need to develop a completely new aspect of this problem - information security.

Since then, as in 1992, "information security" was normatively consolidated as an independent component of security [Law of the Russian Federation "On Security", March 5, 1992, Art. 13], the activity of the state on the creation of conditions for the development of the information sphere of society and ensuring its functioning under the conditions of the existence of threats of various natures has significantly intensified.

Certainly important events that have taken place since that time include, firstly, the signing by the President of the Russian Federation of the Okinawa Charter for the Global Information Society and, secondly, his approval of the Information Security Doctrine.

The signing of the Okinawa Charter demonstrated the coincidence of the views of the leadership of Russia and other developed countries about information and communication technologies as an important factor in the formation of society in the twenty-first century. In addition, it revealed the political will of the Russian state not only to participate in the formation of a post-industrial society together with other states of the world, to create conditions for the globalization of the world information space, but also to contribute to the elimination of the problem of digital inequality, to ensure freedom of information exchange between people and the safety of this process. [The Okinawa Charter for the Global Information Society. July 22, 2000, Okinawa. Signed by the leaders of eight developed countries of the world, including the President of the Russian Federation].

Approval of the Doctrine of Information Security [Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation. Approved by the instruction of the President of the Russian Federation dated September 9, 2000 No. Pr-1897], which develops and specifies the provisions of the Concept of the National Security of the Russian Federation [Concept of the National Security of the Russian Federation. In the wording of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2000 No. 24], it consolidated the official system of views on the content of Russia's national interests in the information sphere, threats to these interests, methods of countering threats and the system of ensuring information security. The doctrine has created a political basis for coordinating the activities of public authorities to implement national interests in the information sphere and protect them from external and internal threats. She outlined the directions of state policy to ensure the practical participation of Russia in the activities of the international community to achieve the goals outlined by the Okinawa Charter.

At the same time, the problems of the development of Russian society, generated both by the Soviet period of its history and by the period of ongoing socio-economic and political transformations, were taken into account. The realization of national interests in the information sphere, enshrined in the Doctrine, in essence, will mark the creation of material, economic and social conditions that ensure the sustainable development of Russian society and its institutions on the basis of "information" production, informatization of the spiritual, political and social spheres of public life, support consistent with modern international standards legal status personality.

To date, the organizational structure of the information security system has been formed. Since 1992, the identification of threats to information security and the preparation of proposals for countering these threats has been entrusted by legislation to the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In 1993 formed Interdepartmental Commission The Security Council of the Russian Federation for Information Security, which is responsible for preparing proposals to the Security Council for the development and implementation of the main directions of the state policy in this area. Since 1996, the Security Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation has a subcommittee on information security, as well as an expert council on legislation in the field of information security. It is difficult to overestimate the work carried out in this area by the federal executive authorities.

Legal regulation of relations in the field of information security is developing intensively. Such basic legislative acts as the laws "On information, informatization and protection of information", "On participation in international information exchange", "On communications", "On state secrets", the first and second parts of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, new editions of the Criminal and Of the Criminal Procedure Codes of the Russian Federation, a number of laws regulating relations in the field of the media, the activities of federal executive bodies to counter threats to national interests in the information sphere. The industry of information security means continues to develop in information and telecommunication systems, communication networks, automated systems public administration, management of enterprises and industries.

The system of training highly qualified personnel on information security issues is being improved. Specialties for which specialists are trained in this area are highlighted in a separate section of the List of areas of training and specialties of higher vocational education [List of areas of training and specialties of higher vocational education. Approved by the Order of the Minister of Education of the Russian Federation of March 2, 2000 No. 686]. The educational and methodological association of universities for education in the field of information security is working successfully. At the beginning of 2002, it united more than 60 higher educational institutions, which train specialists, first of all, in the technical aspects of information security. Training of personnel in its humanitarian aspects is underway.

Much work has been done to explain the importance of creating international system ensuring information security. An increasing number of states are beginning to realize that there are significant common interests in this area, the need to unite the efforts of the international community in the fight against threats arising in the information sphere. The General Assembly of the United Nations, since 1998, annually adopts resolutions on the issue of "Achievements in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security."

These resolutions are increasingly expressing concern that information technology can negatively impact the security of states in both the civilian and military spheres, and call on United Nations Member States to facilitate multilateral consideration of existing and potential threats in the field of information security, as well as possible measures to neutralize these threats.

The current stage of development of society is characterized by the increasing role of the information sphere, which is an important factor in public life, largely determining the prospects for the successful implementation of socio-political and economic transformations. At the center of this are the following circumstances.

First of all, in the context of the realization of the constitutional rights of citizens to freedom of economic, informational and intellectual activity, the needs of the socially active part of society in expanding information interaction both within the country and with the outside world are significantly expanding. This is eloquently characterized by the UNESCO data on the number of users for the most common types of communication: mobile and Internet. So, in the Russian Federation, the number of registered Internet users at the beginning of 2000 was about 2 million people, and the number of people actively using this network - 1.2 million people and continues to increase (the number of Internet users in the world has already reached 100 million people) ; in developed countries, every tenth person is provided with a cellular connection.

It is generally accepted that the industry of informatization, telecommunications and communications, information services at the present stage of human development is one of the most dynamically developing spheres of the world economy, capable of competing in profitability with the fuel and energy complex, automotive, agricultural production and determining the science intensity of industrial products, its competitiveness on the world market. So, only the sales volumes of computer technology and informatics are estimated at more than $ 1.5 billion per year, and taking into account the sales of the software product - about $ 4.5 billion, which is about 5% of Russia's annual GDP (the volume of modern According to UNESCO, the world market of information services and technologies is approaching 2 trillion dollars and already accounts for 15% of world trade).

At the same time, it should be noted that the information infrastructure, information resources are increasingly becoming the arena of interstate struggle for world leadership, the achievement of certain strategic and tactical political goals by the opposing sides. Individual, group and mass consciousness of people is increasingly dependent on the activities of the media and mass communication. Unfortunately, such concepts as "information war", "information countermeasures", " information operation" etc.

All these circumstances, as well as the growing dependence of Russian society on the stable functioning of the information infrastructure, make the achievement and security of the national interests of the Russian Federation in the information sphere an important factor in the national security of the country as a whole.

• - observance of the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the field of obtaining information and using it, ensuring the spiritual renewal of Russia, preserving and strengthening the moral values ​​of society, the traditions of patriotism and humanism, the cultural and scientific potential of the country;
• - information support of the state policy of the Russian Federation;
• - the development of modern information technologies, the domestic information industry, including the industry of information technology, telecommunications and communications, ensuring the needs of the domestic market with its products and the entry of these products into the world market, as well as ensuring the accumulation, safety and effective use domestic information resources;
• - protection of information resources from unauthorized access, ensuring the security of information and telecommunication systems, both already deployed and created on the territory of Russia.

Essentially, it comes on the creation of conditions for the formation in Russia of the foundations of the information society - the society of the XXI century.

At the same time, under the information society, we mean a society that allows people, on the basis of the intensive development of the "information" economy and the effective use of intellectual resources, to reveal their potential and realize their aspirations both for individuals and for society as a whole.

In political terms, this task was set by the President of the Russian Federation, who signed the Okinawa Charter for the Global Information Society on behalf of the state. The Charter, in particular, states that the heads of the signatory states "confirm their commitment to the principle of participation in this process: all people everywhere, without exception, should have the opportunity to enjoy the benefits of the global information society."

It seems that the full-scale participation of Russia in the formation of the global information society can be considered as one of the strategic tasks of ensuring its national security, the solution of which will be carried out in the conditions of overcoming real and possible difficulties and will require a certain amount of time, as well as appropriate support from the state.

If we return to the consideration of Russian national interests in the information sphere, formulated in the Doctrine of Information Security, then for the implementation of the group of interests that are associated with the observance of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms in the field of obtaining information and using it, ensuring the spiritual renewal of Russia, preserving and strengthening the moral values ​​of society, the traditions of patriotism and humanism, the cultural and scientific potential of the country, first of all, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of using the information infrastructure in the interests of social development, consolidation of Russian society, spiritual revival of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, which in itself is now a difficult task. After all, it is no secret that in the context of a split of society into “poor” and “rich”, it is very difficult to ensure equal opportunities to use advanced information technologies for all members of society. Therefore, the state should provide for the creation and development of appropriate social institutions to support a certain part of the population in these matters.

It is necessary to further improve the system for the formation, preservation and rational use of information resources that form the basis of the scientific, technical and spiritual potential of the Russian Federation and at the same time ensure the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and disseminate information in any legal way.

Conversely, right free access to information should not lead to a violation of the constitutional right of a person and citizen to personal and family secrets, privacy of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraph and other messages, to protect their honor and their good name. Unfortunately, there are so many examples of violation of this and they are so well known that there is no need to dwell on them.

It is also necessary to guarantee freedom of the media, prohibition of censorship and, at the same time, strengthen the mechanisms of legal regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property protection, create conditions for observing the restrictions on access to confidential information established by federal legislation.

The successful solution of these tasks is hindered by factors and circumstances that are classified as "threats" by the Doctrine of Information Security. The main ones are:

• - the adoption by federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of regulatory legal acts that infringe on the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens in the field of spiritual life and information activities;
• - creation of monopolies on the formation, receipt and distribution of information in the Russian Federation, including using telecommunication systems. At first glance, this may not seem so relevant, but the fierce competition that has unfolded recently in the field of television broadcasting, one of the most "powerful" segments of the media, indicates that this threat cannot be disregarded now;
• - opposition, including from criminal structures, against the exercise by citizens of their constitutional rights to protect personal and family secrets, secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations and other messages. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, over the past three years, the number of recorded facts of crimes under Article 138 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Violation of the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraphic or other messages" has increased 75 times;
• - irrational, excessive closure of socially necessary information. We all know the grave consequences of hiding information about the real scale of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. And although the line here is sometimes very thin and it is difficult to assess where the losses for society are greater: in the case of complete or partial closure of information or, conversely, in the case of unconditional public access to heterogeneous, often contradictory information about emergencies, the current legislation defines the corresponding closure boundaries and it should be done.

Threats are also:

• - unlawful use of special means of influencing the individual, group and public consciousness. In our opinion, this area has not yet been sufficiently developed, and in what is published on it, there is a lot of anti-scientific, and sometimes just quackery;
• - disorganization and destruction of the system of accumulation and preservation of cultural values, including archives. To a certain extent, this is due to the fact that a significant number of documents, including film, photo, and video documents are stored outside the state archives, and the solution of the problem of ensuring the safety of documents is far from always within the reach of their creators. The main reason for this situation lies in the absence of legal acts of the federal level concerning the activities of the mass media in terms of the issues of preservation, selection and transfer of audiovisual documents for permanent storage in the state archives.

A very negative trend for the national interests of Russia is the tendency of ousting Russian news agencies, mass media from the internal information market and the increasing dependence of the spiritual, economic and political spheres of public life in Russia on foreign information structures. According to the MPTR, as of last year, 38 electronic and 66 print media outlets were registered on the territory of Russia, created with the attraction of foreign investment or among the founders of which are foreign legal entities. 1157 foreign publications have received permission to distribute their products in our country. And although, on the whole, the Russian leadership has a constructive position in relation to this situation, one must clearly realize that this at the same time creates tough conditions for Russian producers in the information sphere.

The same group of threats includes:

• - devaluation of spiritual values, propaganda of models of mass culture based on the cult of violence, on spiritual and moral values ​​that contradict the values ​​accepted in Russian society. This threat is practically daily, hourly realized on our television and does not need any additional substantiation of its reality;
• - a decrease in the spiritual, moral and creative potential of the population of Russia, which will significantly complicate the preparation of labor resources for the introduction and use of the latest technologies, including information technologies.

The next group of Russia's national interests is associated with information support of the state policy of the Russian Federation. To achieve them, you need:

• - firstly, to intensify the formation of public open information resources, to increase the efficiency of their economic use;
• - secondly, to strengthen the state mass media, to expand their capabilities for timely communication reliable information before Russian citizens, citizens of foreign countries. I must say that this task, quite understandable from the position of the state, was misunderstood by a number of non-state media, which perceived it as discrimination against them. At the same time, firstly, there is nothing more natural than the fact that the owner cares about his property, and secondly, no one is going to infringe on the rights of non-state media provided for by the current legislation on the media.

The main threats in this area are as follows.

Firstly, this is the monopolization of the information market in Russia, its individual sectors by domestic and foreign information structures for a number of reasons not interested in objective coverage of the state policy of the Russian Federation;

Secondly, it is blocking the activities of state mass media to inform Russian and foreign audiences. A typical example of this is the difficulties that the Russian Foreign Ministry had to face, in particular, when trying to explain Russia's policy in Chechnya, when official information about the events in the Caucasus was hushed up, and, on the contrary, unofficial unverified and sometimes false information was disseminated, in particular posted on "Chechen" sites on the Internet.

Finally, the threat is the low efficiency of information support of the state policy of the Russian Federation due to a shortage of qualified personnel in this area, the lack of an effective system for the formation and implementation of state information policy.

The third group of national interests is associated with the development of modern information technologies, the Russian information industry, meeting the needs of the domestic market with its products and the entry of these products into the world market, as well as ensuring the accumulation, preservation and effective use of domestic information resources. This requires the development and improvement of the infrastructure of the unified information space of the Russian Federation. At present, there is, if I may put it this way, the "disruption" of the national information space, which is especially dangerous in relation to such regions as the Far East and Kaliningrad, which are in close proximity to economically and informationally strong neighbors. This is confirmed, in particular, by the fact that the central media remember the regions only if some scandal happens there, and the local media are not able to fully reflect what is happening in the center. In particular, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin spoke about this at a meeting in the Kremlin with the chief editors of the Russian media.

It is necessary to develop the domestic information services industry and to increase the efficiency of the use of state information resources. Currently, there are more than 300 thousand different databases in the country (only officially registered about 6.5 thousand), often duplicating each other, created in different formats that do not fit together, which, of course, does not contribute to the effective use of such bases of funds.

An important task is the development in the Russian Federation of the production of competitive means and systems of informatization, telecommunications and communications, the expansion of Russia's participation in the international cooperation of manufacturers of these means and systems. The Ministry of Communications of Russia and other interested structures are making considerable efforts to resolve this issue, but the competition in this sector of the economy is too high, and the Russian lag in element base and financial constraints are not yet making the necessary progress. Therefore, it is very important to ensure state support for Russian fundamental and applied research, developments in the fields of informatization, telecommunications and communications.

The main threat to the national interests of Russia in this area is opposition to the access of the Russian Federation to the latest information technologies, the mutually beneficial and equal participation of Russian manufacturers in the world division of labor in the industry of information services, information technology, telecommunications and communications, information products, as well as the creation of conditions for strengthening the technological dependence of Russia in the field of modern information technologies.

Quite often, when concluding agreements in this area, Russian partners are offered conditions that do not allow to fully realize the interests of the state. The practice of procurement by public authorities of imported means of informatization, telecommunications and communications in the presence of domestic counterparts that are not inferior or almost not inferior in their characteristics to foreign models is causing great damage to the Russian industry. Not always, apparently, such decisions are made on a disinterested basis. As a result, the expulsion from the Russian market of its own manufacturers of information technology, telecommunications and communications. A particularly sensitive damage to the industry is caused by a large outflow of specialists and intellectual property rights holders abroad.

Finally, the last group of national interests formulated in the Doctrine of Information Security is related to the protection of information resources from unauthorized access, ensuring the security of information and telecommunication systems.

To achieve this, it is necessary to increase the security of information systems, including communication networks, primarily the security of primary communication networks and information systems of federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, financial and credit and banking spheres, the sphere of economic activity, as well as systems and means. informatization of weapons and military equipment, systems of command and control of troops and weapons, environmentally hazardous and economically important industries. It must be said that thanks to the firm position of a number of departments, primarily the Ministry of Defense, the FSB, FAPSI, the State Technical Commission, the situation for the most part looks stable.

However, even here, due to the chronic underfunding of this sector of the economy in recent years, Russia needs to intensify the development of domestic production of hardware and software for information security. An important and urgent task is to expand the international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the development and safe use of information resources, countering the threat of unleashing confrontation in the information sphere.

The main threats to this component of national interests include the activities of foreign intelligence services and (which was not so developed before) criminal elements in:

• - illegal collection and use of information;
• - the introduction of components into hardware and software products that implement functions that are not provided for by the documentation for these products;
• - development and distribution of programs that disrupt the normal functioning of information and information and telecommunication systems, including information security systems;
• - interception of information through technical channels.

This type of threat can be conditionally classified as external.

Another type of internal threats is associated with the violation of information processing technology by the service personnel; using non-certified domestic and foreign information technologies, information security means, informatization means, telecommunications and communications in the creation and development of the Russian information infrastructure; in violation of legal restrictions on the dissemination of information.

Solving the listed tasks and countering the identified threats presupposes the need to further improve the regulatory legal support for information security. In this regard, under the auspices of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, a draft Concept of normative legal support for information security of the Russian Federation has been prepared. The concept is intended to create a methodological basis for the coordinated activities of all subjects of legislative initiative in the field of improving the legal support of information security.

Thesis

Yudin, Ivan Valerievich

Academic degree:

PhD in Political Science

Place of thesis defense:

VAK specialty code:

Speciality:

Political institutions, ethnopolitical conflictology, national and political processes and technologies

Number of pages:

CHAPTER 1. State information policy as an object of scientific research: conceptual justification and historical experience of formation and implementation.

§one. The concept and principles of state information policy: basic approaches and modern concepts.

§2. The experience of Russia and foreign countries in the formation and implementation of state information policy.

CHAPTER 2. Analysis of the current state of information policy in

Russian Federation.

§ 1. The main systemic problems and contradictions in the formation and implementation of state information policy in modern

§2. Problems of managing the interaction of subjects of communication in the information space of the Russian Federation.

CHAPTER 3. Mechanisms and basic foundations for increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of state information policy in the Russian

Federation.

§one. Possible ways to improve the mechanisms for the implementation of state information policy in the Russian Federation.

§2. Development of information technologies as the basis for increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of state information policy.

Dissertation introduction (part of the abstract) On the topic "State information policy in the Russian Federation"

The relevance of the research topic is determined by a number of features of modern social development:

1. In the conditions of the modern information society, in the world of accelerating changes and global communications, the prospects for social development are directly related to the state of the information sphere. The amount of information used in different areas life of society and its citizens, which inevitably increases the need and importance of taking this information into account. The information explosion observed today is due to the development of information technologies, on the one hand, and stimulates them further development, with another.

2. The rapid development of information technologies and the problem of their prompt implementation in all spheres of people's life, the growth of the importance of information in making managerial decisions by public authorities and administration, a new format for the functioning of the media - these and other factors lead to foreground the problem of the formation and implementation of high-quality state information policy in the Russian Federation.

3. Transition of Russia in the late 80s - early 90s. XX century to a new form of statehood was accompanied by an intensification of disintegration processes, which inevitably led to a mismatch of goals, methods and actions in governing the state and society. Under these conditions, the construction of a single information space on the territory of the country acquires particular importance, the need and mechanisms for the creation of which, unfortunately, have not yet received the proper scientific understanding.

4. New modern mechanisms for the implementation of information policy using the latest technologies designed to optimize and rationalize the process of making managerial decisions in public authorities and administration, often involve a threat to information security, the timely prevention of which should be facilitated by the improvement of mechanisms and methods of state information policy. Control by the state over the ongoing processes is necessary and obligatory, since information technologies can contain a whole range of information threats.

5. Questions of the implementation of the state's information policy are directly related to the activities and quality of the media. At present, a number of regional mass media are faced with the problem of information deficit on the part of federal government authorities, which often leads to inadequate actions of regional authorities and, as a result, reduces the effectiveness of public administration in the country as a whole. On the other hand, the complete elimination of censorship bodies in the Russian Federation has led to the fact that the media often become a translator of anti-cultural views and concepts that undermine the integrity of society. At the regional level, it is the mass media that become the main channel of influence / pressure on the mass consciousness from the participants in the political struggle, through which it becomes possible to support and, in some cases, the victory of weak, corrupt (with the most pessimistic outcome and anti-state) political forces. In this regard, the primary task is to ensure the socio-psychological security of the population, which in turn involves the development of mechanisms for state regulation of the information sphere of society, both from the point of view of overcoming the negative information impact, and from the standpoint of using media resources in order to ensure the integrity of society, strengthen spiritually -moral, social ideals in the state.

All of the above confirms the relevance and practical significance of the chosen topic of the dissertation research.

The degree of scientific elaboration of the problem. The complex nature of the topic of the dissertation research predetermined the need to turn to research in a number of scientific areas and schools, which together formed the theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation submitted for defense. Among such areas, the author refers, first of all, to a number of ideas and theories that from various sides reveal the problem of the relationship between society and power. This problem occupied the attention of the ancient philosophers Aristotle and Plato1, who laid the foundations for the scientific understanding of politics as the art of managing society, part of which is to clarify the meaning of information in the process of developing public policy. Questions of the relationship between power and society were in the center of attention of political thinkers of modern times T. Hobbes, J. Locke, J. Rousseau, I. Kant, J. Milton, T. Payne, who considered power relations in the framework of the theory of natural law and social contract. Various aspects of social management were deeply investigated in the works of F. Bacon, A. Smith, A. Ferposon and others. The most important sources for writing this dissertation are also works in the field social development R. Arona, G. Simmel, JI. Clark, C. Cooley, W. Rostow and others.

1 See: Aristotle. Politics. Metaphysics. Analytics. - M., 2008; Plato. State. The laws. Politics. -M., 1988.

2 See: F. Bacon Collected Works // Soch. in 2 volumes - St. Petersburg, 1874; Smith A. The theory of moral feelings or research experience about the laws governing judgments, naturally compiled by us, first about the actions of other people, and then about our own / Per. from English P.A. Bibikov. - SPb., 1895; Ferposon A. Experience of the history of civil society. - M., 2000.

3 See: R. Aron Memoirs: 50 Years of Reflections on Politics. - M., 2002; Simmel G. Social differentiation: Sociology. and psychol. issled. / Login. per. with him. N.N. Vokach and I.A. Ilyin. - M., 1909 .; Clark L. The Grand Jury: The Use and Abuse of Political Power / Ed. P.I. Grishaeva. - M., 1978; Cooley Ch. Human nature and social order / Per. from English N.M. Smirnova. 2nd ed., Rev. - M., 2001; Rostow Walt W. Politics and the Stages of Growth: Op. in 2 volumes / Per from English. - M., 1973.

Another scientific area that directly corresponds to the problem studied in the dissertation is the concept of a post-industrial society and the concept of an information society related to it. It should be noted that in the study of post-industrialism, the information age and the information society, Russian scientific thought has not yet taken its rightful place, while the priority in this area still belongs to representatives of Western scientific thought. The problems of building the information society have been deeply studied in the theories of post-industrial society and the theories of the information society of Western scientists-researchers of the XX century D. Bell, E. Giddens, M. Castells, E. Toffler1 and others.

Of great importance for the disclosure of the research topic was the appeal to the fundamental research of Western authors N. Wiener, K. Shannon, about

A. Ursula and others, dedicated to the scientific understanding of the phenomenon of information, the formation of information space. The dissertation also actively used the sociological theories of M. Weber, K. Popper, K. Jaspers, J. Habermas, T. Adorno and other classics of modern sociology, describing in detail the role of the mass media in public administration and politics in general.

In the last decade, there has been an increase in the attention of Russian scientists to this scientific direction... The works of A.I. Rakitova, M. Yu. Tikhonova, I.S. Meliukhina, R.F.

1 See: D. Bell, The Coming Post-Industrial Society. Social forecasting experience. - M., 1999; E. Giddens. Organization of society: An outline of the theory of structuration. - M., 2003; Castells M. Formation of a society of network structures // New postindustrial wave in the West: Anthology. / Ed. V.L. Inozemtseva. - M., 1990; Toffler E. Metamorphoses of Power. Knowledge, wealth and power on the threshold of the XXI century / Per. from English V.V. Belokoskova et al. - M., 2003.

2 See: N. Wiener Cybernetics and Society / Per. from English E.G. Panfilov. - M., 2002; Shannon K. Works on information theory and cybernetics. - M., 1963; Ursul A. Information. Methodological aspects. - M., 1971.

3 See: M. Weber Selected Works / Per. from German - M., 1990; Popper K. Open Society and Its Enemies // Works: in 2 volumes - M., 1992; Jaspers K. The meaning and purpose of history. 2nd ed. - M., 1994; Habermas J. Democracy. Intelligence. Morality: Mosk. lectures and interviews. - M., 1995; Adorno T. Problems of the philosophy of morality. - M., 2000.

Abdeev1 and others. The most important scientific achievement in the development of information theory are the works of A.I. Berg, T.P. Voronina, T.A. Alekseeva and others.

Exploring the concept " public policy"In its essential meaning and specific content, the author of the thesis relied on the fundamental research in this area of ​​G.V. Atamanchuk, N.I. Glazunova, N.A. Omelchenko3 and others.

The research topic predetermined the appeal to scientific work dedicated to the study of the role of the media in the social and political life of society. The author of this work was greatly assisted in understanding the problem of realizing freedom of speech and freedom of the press in the management process by the classic work of D. Milton4.

Russian philosophers and political scientists K.S. Gadzhiev, A.S. Panarin, V.P. Pugachev 5 and others. Studies of state policy in the field of journalism development, as well as state policy in the field of mass media in different years were carried out by E.P. Prokhorov, V.V. Egorov, I.M. Dzyaloshinsky6 and others.

The central place in the dissertation research is occupied by scientific developments in the field of social informationology of scientists

1 See: A.I. Rakitov. Philosophy computer revolution... - M., 1991; Tikhonov M.Yu. Information Society: Philosophical Problems of Science and Education Management. - M., 1998; I. S. Melyukhin Information society: problems of formation and development (philosophical aspect). Diss. doct. Phil. sciences. - M., 1997; Abdeev R.F. The philosophy of an information civilization in illustrations. - M., 2004.

2 See: A.I. Berg. Information. Control. Intelligence. - M., 1976; Voronina T.P. Information society: essence, features, problems. - M., 1995; Alekseeva T.A. Modern political theories. - M., 2000.

3 See: G.V. Atamanchuk and other Public administration and public service in a transforming society: Monograph. - M., 2001; Glazunova N.I. Public administration. Textbook. M., 2004; Omelchenko N.A. History of public administration in Russia: Textbook. - M., 2005.

4 See: D. Milton Speech on freedom of the press / Per. from English - SPb., 1905.

5 See: K.S. Gadzhiev Political philosophy. Scientific publication. - M., 1999; Panarin A.S. Temptation by globalism. - M., 2002; V.P. Pugachev Information Power and Democracy // Social Sciences and Modernity. - M., 1999. No. 4.

6 See: E.P. Prokhorov. An introduction to the theory of journalism. - M., 1998; Egorov V.V. Television and power. - M., 1997; Dzyaloshinsky I.M. Methods of media activity in the context of the formation of civil society. -M., 2001. Department of Information Policy RAGS V.D. Popova, K.V. Markelova1 and others, the theory of information policy by Yu.A. Nisnevich, A.G. Kiseleva, S.V. Konovchenko, A.V. Manoilo 2 and others. Various aspects of the state information policy are studied in detail in the materials and works of N.Yu. Korchenkova, T.M. Orlova, V.V. Vorobieva, A.V. Kostrova, A.B. Zverintseva, Yu.V. Kursnosov, P. Yu. Konotopova, A.N. Raikova, V.V. Utkina, T.M. Dridze, JI.H. Fedotova, A.I. Kozyreva, B.I. Krasnova, L.G. Laptev and others.

The complex nature of the topic of the dissertation necessitated the use of scientific research devoted to the study of information security problems, among which the scientific works of D.V. Dolgireva, K.A. Kirsanova, G.G. Pocheptsova, A.D. Ursula, I.L. Morozov, S.P. Rastorgueva4 and others.

1 See Popov V.D. Information science and information policy. - M., 2001; Markelov K.V. Information and analytical activities in the public service. - M., 2003.

2 See: Yu.A. Nisnevich Information Policy of Russia: Problems and Prospects. - M., 1999; Kiselev A.G. Konovchenko S.V. State information policy in Russia // Presidential control. News bulletin. 2005. No. 2; Manoilo A.V. State information policy in special conditions: Monograph. - M., 2003.

3 See: N.Yu. Korchenkova. Transformation of the content of the right to information in Russia during the period of democratic transformation. // Electronic resource vvvvvv.akdi.ru .; Orlova T.M. Economic bases of information activity // Mass information processes in modern Russia: Essays. - M., 2002; Vorobyov V.V. Information management and the criteria for its assessment: Lectures. - M., 2006; A. V. Kostrov Basics of information management. - M., 2004; Zverintsev A.B. Communication management: Working book. PR manager. - SPb., 1997; Yu.V. Kurnosov Konotopov P.Yu. Analytics: methodology, technology and organization of information and analytical work. - M., 2004; Raikov A.N. Information and analytical technologies for federal executive authorities // Materials of the meeting of heads of analytical services of federal authorities "The role and place of analytical services and information technology systems in the preparation and decision-making in the government of the Russian Federation." - M., 1995; V. V. Utkin Zakharov Yu.N. Ways to improve information and analytical support for management decisions in government bodies // Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference of analytical workers. - M., 2004; Dridze T.M. Textual activity in the structure of social communication: Probl. semiosociopsychology. - M., 1984; Fedotova L.N. Mass information: production strategy and consumption tactics. - M., 1996; Kozyrev A.I. Information Society and Democracy. - M., 1990. No. 2; Krasnov B.I., Laptev L.G. and etc. Information strategy as a factor in the formation of the political culture of Russian society in the context of globalization. - M., 2002.

4 See: D.V. Dolgirev Methods and models of decision making in information management systems when assessing the quality of software. Diss. Cand. tech. sciences. - SPb., 2005; Kirsanov K.A., Malevina A.V., Popov N.V. Information Security. - M., 2000; Pocheptsov G.G. Information wars. - M., 2000; Ursul A.D. Informatization of society and the transition to sustainable development of civilization // Bulletin of the ROIVT. 1993. No. 1-3; Morozov IL. Information security of the political system // Polis. 2002. No. 5; Rastorguev S.P. Information war... - M .: Radio and communication, 1998. economic and political sphere and the associated rapid growth of Internet technologies. The scientific works of A.N. Kulik, D.N. Peskova, M.G. Anokhina, S.V. Ustimenko 1 and others.

The research of modern Russian scientists devoted to various aspects of the development of regional information policy was an important help in the work on the dissertation. The most significant of them are the works of O.D. Yakimova, R.K. Korobtsova, S.A. Protodyakonova2 and others.

At the same time, despite the variety of scientific developments, to varying degrees related to the problem investigated in the dissertation work, most of them are focused on certain aspects of the state information policy. As for complex studies of the problem based on a systematic approach to the study of state information policy, taking into account the multidimensional nature of the research object, there are only a few such works today. Further scientific study is needed for the problems of information and analytical support of state authorities and administration, informatization of administrative structures, and the construction of a unified information space on the territory of Russia. There are practically no special studies that reveal the specifics of the formation and implementation of state information policy in the Russian Federation, taking into account the regional characteristics of public administration.

1 See: A.N. Kulik The World Wide Web for Political Science, Education and Political Participation // Political Science: Sat. articles. - M., 2002. No. 1; D. N. Peskov Internet space: the state of postmodernity? // Policy (" Political studies"), 2003. No. 5; Anokhin M.G. Komarovsky B.C. Politics: the possibility of modern technology. - M., 1998; Social policy of the Moscow region on the threshold of the XXI century. // Ed. S.V. Ustimenko. - M., 1999.

2 See: O.D. Yakimov. Printing of the national regions of Siberia and the Far East: From the origin to the present day. - Novosibirsk: Science. SIF RAS, 2000; R.K. Korobtsova Press and labor collective. (On the experience of printing the North-East of the USSR. 1976-1987) - Yakutsk, 1888; Protodyakonov S.A. Formation and development of mass media in the region of Eastern Siberia. Diss. Cand. philol. sciences. - M., 2000.

All of the above determined the choice of the topic, goals and objectives of the study, its subject and object, theoretical and practical significance.

The object of this dissertation research is the state information policy as an integral part of domestic policy Russian Federation.

The subject of the research is the mechanisms of implementation of the state information policy in the Russian Federation in the modern conditions of the transition to the information society.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the state information policy in the Russian Federation, identify the main contradictions and problem areas that impede its effective implementation, and develop on this basis possible directions for its improvement.

Achievement of this goal presupposes the formulation and solution of the following research tasks: to consider modern approaches to the definition of the concept and principles of the formation and implementation of information policy by public authorities and administration; to conduct a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the formation and implementation of state information policy; identify and systematize the main problems arising in the process of implementing the state information policy in the Russian Federation; to investigate the content and peculiarities of interaction of subjects of communication in the information space in the system of state authorities and administration of the Russian Federation; to determine the priority directions of development of the state information policy in the Russian Federation; to develop practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms for implementing the state information policy in the Russian Federation.

Research hypothesis of work. The processes of integration of all countries into the global world information space, which are proceeding at an accelerated pace in the world, necessitate a radical correction of the basic principles, forms and methods of implementing a socially oriented state information policy by public authorities and administration in the Russian Federation, the main goal of which should be to ensure national interests in the field of information security, building a modern state in Russia that meets all world standards.

Theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The theoretical basis of the dissertation research was formed by the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on political science, public administration, sociology and social psychology, devoted to various aspects of the formation and implementation of state information policy in modern conditions. The theoretical concepts of political modernization were especially significant for the dissertation research, “ political networks», The theory of post-industrial, information and communicative society, information theory and social informationology.

The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach to the analysis of the research object - the formation and implementation of the state information policy as an integral part of the domestic policy of the Russian Federation. In the work on the dissertation, both general scientific research methods were used (logical analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the method of identification, etc.), as well as private (so-called traditional) methods of the social sciences, historical, the method of structural -functional analysis, institutional). A special place in the work is occupied by sociological methods and techniques of participatory observation, content analysis, based on the author's personal experience in the information sphere of the system of public authorities and administration of the Russian Federation.

The combined use of these methods made it possible to provide an integrated approach to the study of the problem posed.

Empirical base of research. The work is based on the study, systematization and analysis of a large volume of documents and materials, the most important of which are the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the regulatory legal acts of the state authorities of the Russian Federation, as well as a number of regulatory documents that legislatively regulate the activities of public authorities and administration of the Russian Federation. The main regulatory sources include the provisions of international regulatory documents governing relations in the information sphere, federal laws of the Russian Federation: “ About federal bodies of government communications and information"(From 19.02.1993)," About communication "(from 04.07.2003)," "(from 27.12.1991)," "(from 20.02.1995), etc.

A separate group of sources is made up of state conceptual documents, among which the author highlights: the Doctrine of information security of the Russian Federation (from 09.09.2000), the Concept of the state information policy of the Russian Federation (from 21.12.1998), the Concept of the formation and development of a unified information space of Russia and the corresponding state information resources ( from 23.11.1995), etc.

The work used archival, statistical sources, data from sociological studies of the State Committee on Statistics, the Fund " Public opinion"And a number of other studies that were involved by the author in the process of preparing the problem-practical part of the dissertation work.

A set of internal organizational documents of the authorities and administrations directly related to the formation and implementation of the state information policy in the Russian Federation was also used, which allowed the author to systematically analyze problem areas in the field of formation and implementation of the state information policy at the federal level, to develop practical recommendations for their elimination. ...

The main results of the research, obtained personally by the author, and their scientific novelty are:

A systematic analysis of the state information policy in the Russian Federation as a complex of socially oriented interconnected and interdependent elements, which allowed the author of the dissertation to conclude that the one-sided orientation to the development and improvement of certain aspects of information policy in the state is inconsistent with its other components;

Refinements based on this conclusion the concept of modern state information policy, which allows in the future to conduct a more in-depth analysis of political processes in Russia, taking into account the information component and the characteristics of the processes of globalization of the world information space;

Revealing the main theoretical and methodological models for the formation and implementation of state information policy, the use of which in the modern information world gives the highest social efficiency; identifying, as one of the key problems in the implementation of state policy, the inconsistency of the degree of implementation of information technologies in all spheres of society's life, the intensity of their development; justification of the need for better use of information analytics and information and analytical technologies in the implementation of state information policy; substantiation of the ways and means of solving problems in the field of communications that arise in the subjects of the information space of the Russian Federation in the process of implementing the state information policy; a detailed study of the integration processes of the information space of the regions, as relatively independent administrative-territorial associations into the Russian and world information space; justifying on this basis the need to create interregional information systems capable of integrating information databanks of various levels and various technical support.

The following main provisions of the dissertation are submitted for defense:

1. The dissertation gives the author's definition of the information policy of the state (state information policy), which refers to the activities of public authorities and management to develop a set of measures to identify and satisfy information needs in society within the framework of a single information and cultural-communication space through the development, implementation and effective use of modern information products and technologies.

2. According to the author of the thesis (and this is evidenced by the existing practice of public administration), the main problem is to understand the obvious fact that in modern conditions it is not enough " own information»To develop a competent management decision. In the dissertation, the author's conclusion is made that the solution of many problems in the information sphere is facilitated by information analytics and information-analytical technologies, the basis for the development of which should be the developments of domestic and Western science. It is precisely on the level of the state of information analytics that today a competent understanding of problems and the situation in society in the process of developing and making certain government decisions largely depends.

3.From the point of view of the author of the dissertation research, the key problem of the implementation of the state information policy in the Russian Federation, which requires an operative solution, is the formation of a high-quality communicative exchange between state authorities and administrations and the population, the absence of which today significantly complicates the process of public administration in the country and regions.

4. In modern conditions of development of Russia, the creation of interregional information systems that can quickly integrate disparate regional databases of socially significant information is of particular importance in the process of forming and implementing state information policy, which will lead to an increase in the effectiveness of state policy, more complete accounting of information in development of management decisions.

5. The study of the real practice of the formation and implementation of information policy in the Russian Federation allows us to conclude that the level of implementation of information and information-analytical technologies in the country today is much lower than the level of their development and production, which significantly complicates the processes of obtaining the necessary and socially - significant information, both by the population from the relevant state authorities and administration, and by the state authorities themselves. In this regard, the prompt implementation of information and information-analytical technologies will make it possible to overcome the information barrier between the authorities and the population and, in the future, will create conditions for the transition from a reactive state policy to a preventive one.

Theoretical and practical significance of the research. The theoretical significance of the dissertation research is determined by its novelty and consists in the development and refinement of the conceptual and methodological foundations of the analysis and scientific substantiation of the forms, methods and directions of the formation and implementation of state information policy at various levels of government in the Russian Federation. The findings broaden the possibilities for further study of the essence and content of the state information policy and its individual elements in their interaction and interrelation.

The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations formulated in the work can be used for further study and improvement of the state information policy of the Russian Federation in terms of the formation of a more effective mechanism for its practical implementation. The results of the study can be used in the process of improving the regulatory framework, in organizing the activities of information and information-analytical divisions and services in government and administrative bodies of the Russian Federation.

Thesis materials can also be used in the development teaching aids at the rate " Information policy", As well as in the preparation of seminars and lectures on disciplines:" Political science "," Applied Political Science», « Public Relations Management" and etc.

Approbation of research results. The results and provisions of the dissertation research were reflected in scientific publications the author. The materials of the dissertation were tested at the All-Russian and international scientific-practical conferences (GUU), methodological seminars of the State University of Management. The dissertation was discussed at a meeting of the Department of Public Administration and Policy of the State University of Management and recommended for defense.

The structure of the thesis. The dissertation is written in accordance with the set goal and objectives of the research and consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of used literature.

Conclusion of the thesis on the topic "Political institutions, ethnopolitical conflictology, national and political processes and technologies", Yudin, Ivan Valerievich

Conclusion

Improving the implementation of state information policy, its transition to quality new level- the most important complex task for public authorities and administration. Improving the implementation of state information policy in Russia is one of the main directions of domestic policy, which is due to the territorial characteristics of the Russian Federation, the peculiarities of development in the world of information technology, and global information processes.

It should be noted that in the Russian Federation the state information policy is not legally enshrined. The existing regulatory framework regulates only certain areas of information policy - the activities of the media, information transparency of government bodies, etc. While in the developed countries of the West there is an awareness of the development of priority areas of information policy, in the Russian Federation many aspects are fixed only conceptually. The developed concepts and doctrines, in contrast to laws, are not binding, which at the regional level gives rise to inconsistencies in directions, forms, methods, as well as in the speed of formation and implementation of state information policy.

The population needs an informational assessment of the activities of the authorities, since in this case society clearly defines its positions and actively responds to different kinds appeals. Lack of information leads to the filling of the information space with destructive emotions: uncertainty, suspicion, passivity and, as a result, panic. The further direction of socio-political and economic processes in Russia largely depends on the ability of the authorities to establish information interaction with numerous subjects of the information space with the direct participation of the media: progress based on harmonizing interests and balancing goals or confrontation leading to destabilization.

To coordinate the efforts of public authorities in the Russian Federation in solving the problem of the formation and development of a unified information space in Russia, it is necessary to develop a set of organizational measures, which should provide for the establishment of a procedure for determining the main indicators and stages of the formation and development of a unified information space, the sequence of development of legislative acts and regulations , including standards defining the functions and rules of interaction between the subjects of this space, stimulating physical and legal entities on the active formation and use of information resources. The set of measures should include measures to promote the goals, objectives and capabilities of a single information space, teach citizens the basics of information literacy. These measures contribute to the activation of citizens and society appeals to information resources, accelerate the development of the country's information infrastructure, streamline the market of information resources, technologies and services.

The basis of the information space of public authorities should be modern information and telecommunication systems capable of providing information support both in the field of economic and social management, and in the field of personal, society and state security.

The problematic area in the system of government and administrative bodies in the Russian Federation is the analytical component. At the turn of the second and third millennia, information and analytical technologies have become one of the most important factors influencing the development of society. Their revolutionary impact concerns the functioning of state structures and institutions of civil society, economic and social spheres, science and education, culture and way of life of people. The development and large-scale application of information and analytical technologies is one of the essential factors of sustainable socio-economic and technological development of regions and the state as a whole.

To overcome the elimination of the existing problems in the field of information and analytical support of state authorities and administration in the Russian Federation, the following is proposed.

1. At the federal level, legislatively consolidate the principles governing information and analytical support of government bodies of the Russian Federation.

2. To develop at the federal level a standard project for the creation of an independent regional information and analytical service, the activities of which should be aimed at direct support of managerial decision-making in the field of public administration in the Russian Federation.

3. Create unified information and analytical systems and develop an appropriate Concept for information and analytical support for the activities of government and administrative bodies in the regions of the Russian Federation, determine the rules and a list of information received by regional government and government bodies, forms of information interaction with federal government bodies, regional ministries, departments, city and district administrations.

4. Take measures to streamline the process of registration, licensing and implementation of technical control over the activities of local television broadcasting studios, including satellite, terrestrial, cable broadcasting, collective reception networks.

5. Introduce coordinated proposals on organizing the activities of information and analytical centers in federal districts for the collection, distribution and placement of relevant information of a political, economic and other nature in the district, regional and central mass media, providing, inter alia, the creation of an international broadcasting service using global networking technologies.

6. On the basis of regional printing enterprises, create interregional information and publishing centers designed to increase the efficiency of local print agencies in the process of information support for the activities of state authorities and administration, and determine the procedure for their financing, including through investment programs and the system of state orders.

7. To improve the work on coverage of the activities of federal and regional bodies of state power and administration in the Russian Federation, to develop multi-level relations with interregional, regional and central mass media, with the press services of ministries and departments, administrations of the subjects of the Federation, cities and districts of the regions.

8. Strengthen the work to ensure the reliability and increase the volume of information provided to the state authorities and administration in the Russian Federation, bearing in mind the expansion of the list of indicators for the real sector of the economy, while reducing the time for its provision.

9. To intensify the work on the distribution of leading federal and interregional periodicals among the population, to assist them in carrying out a subscription campaign, to take measures to establish effective activities of local press bodies and improve their material and technical base.

Thus, high-quality information and analytical support of government and government bodies in the Russian Federation contributes to the adoption of balanced management decisions, including in the social sphere, which also determines the imparting of a social orientation to the state information policy.

Improving the processes of implementing state information policy in the Russian Federation in a social context is designed to contribute to:

1. Direct accounting in the development and adoption of administrative decisions of ethnic, religious and other factors that make up the characteristics of a particular region in the processes of development and adoption by state authorities and management, which leads to a general consolidation of the population of the Russian Federation in front of various kinds of threats.

2. Increasing the openness of public authorities and administration, and, consequently, increasing confidence in the state, which will make it possible to more effectively pursue socio-economic policy.

3. The growth of the level of education of the population through the introduction and widespread use of modern information technologies.

4. Reducing social tension in society, increasing patriotism through the media system.

These and other consequences of the implementation of a high-quality socially oriented state information policy contribute to socio-economic growth in the country, an increase in the level of literacy of the population in the country, a decrease in crime (by promoting healthy ideas in society), etc.

It is a high-quality integrated state information policy that is able to a greater extent to serve to ensure the information security of the Russian Federation, which is due to the relatively high level the autonomy of the regions and the inability, based on a number of conditions, to ensure an adequate level of information security in the country.

List of dissertation research literature Candidate of Political Science Yudin, Ivan Valerievich, 2009

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2. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2 (from December 12, 1825 to March 1, 1881): in 55 volumes. St. Petersburg: State Printing House, 1830-1884. T.40. Dept. I. No. 41988.

3. Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 2124-1 " About mass media"From 27.12.1991 // Russian newspaper from 08.02.1992.

4. Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 24 " About information, informatization and information protection"From 20.02.1995 // Legal system"Consultant".

5. Federal Law of the Russian Federation N 8-FZ "On providing access to information on activities government agencies and local government bodies "from 09.02.2009 // Russian newspaper from 13.02.2009.

6. Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 85-FZ " Participation in international information exchange"From 04.07.1996 // Russian newspaper from 11.07.1996.

7. Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 126 "On Communication" dated 07.07.2003 // Rossiyskaya Gazeta dated 10.07.2003.

8. Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 131 " About general principles local government organizations in the Russian Federation"Dated 06.10.2003 // Legal system" Consultant ".

9. Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 149 " About information, information technology and information protection"From 27.07.2006 // Legal system" Garant ".

10. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation " On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District"Dated May 13, 2000 N 849 // Legal system" Consultant ".

11. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation " On all-Russian compulsory public TV channels and radio channels"Dated June 24, 2009 N 715 // Legal system" Consultant ".

12. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 98 "On ensuring access to information on the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal executive bodies" dated 12.02.2003 // Rossiyskaya Gazeta dated 15.02.2003.

13. The concept of the state information policy of the Russian Federation. Adopted by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on October 15, 1998 / Ed. O. Finko. M., 1999.

14. The concept of formation and development of a single information space in Russia and the corresponding state information resources. M., 1996.

15. The concept of using information technologies in the activities of federal government bodies until 2010 (approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2004 N 1244-r).

16. Doctrine of information security of the Russian Federation. Joint edition of the editorial staff " Russian newspaper"And the International Academy of Informatization. M .: Informatsiologiya, 2000 - 49 p.

17. Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Buryatia No. 318 " About the Concept of the State Information Policy of the Republic of Buryatia"From 07/31/2000 // Information and reference system" Code ".

18. Decree on the press // On the party and Soviet press, radio broadcasting and television: Sat. doc. and mate. -M., 1972.

19. Decree on the revolutionary tribunal of the press // On the party and Soviet press, radio broadcasting and television: Sat. doc. and mate. -M., 1972.

20. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the mass media. 3rd ed. Moscow: Institute for Information Law Problems, 2004. - 686 p.

21. Information policy of local governments: Sat. standard, acts. Obninsk: Institute of municipalities. Upr., 2002 .-- 55 p.

22. Abdeev R.F. Philosophy of an information civilization in illustrations: Textbook. M .: Klints. mountains. type., 1998 .-- 94 p.

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24. Agratin E.G. Methods for studying the information needs of users // Information resources of Russia. 2002. No. 7. S. 4-6.

25. Adorno T. Problems of the philosophy of morality. M .: Respublika, 2000 .-- 238 p.

26. Azroyants E.A., Kharitonov A.S., Shelepin JI.A. Non-Marxian processes as a new paradigm // Problems of Philosophy. 1999. No. 7. S. 94-104.

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28. Alekseeva T.A. Modern political theories. M .: ROSSPEN, 2000 .-- 342 p.

29. Alekseeva T.A. Contemporary Political Theories: A Course of Lectures. - M .: ROSSPEN, 2007.-463 p.

30. Aleksukhin S.I. The logic of the information and political space // State information policy: concepts and prospects. Digest of articles. -M .: RAGS Publishing House, 2001.S. 27-40.

31. Aniskin A. Information transparency of the executive branch: experience and research problems // State information and democratization of society. Materials of the International Conference May 15-16, 2000. SPb: Publishing house Ros. nat. bk, 2001.S. 82-91.

32. Anokhin M.G. Komarovsky B.C. Politics: the possibility of modern technology. Moscow: RAGS Publishing House, 1998 .-- 69 p.

33. Aristotle. Politics. Metaphysics. Analytics. M .: Moscow Eksmo, 2008.-958 p.

34. Aron R. Memoirs: 50 Years of Reflections on Politics. M .: Ladomir, 2002.-871 p.

35. Arsenyev KK Legislation on the press. SPb .: P.P. Germunin and Co., 1903.-264 p.

36. Astakhova L.V. Social informatics: Tutorial. - Chelyabinsk: YurSU Publishing House, 2001.218 p.

37. G. Atamanchuk. and other Public administration and public service in a transforming society: Monograph. Moscow: RAGS Publishing House, 2001.-169 p.

38. G. Atamanchuk. The essence public service: history, theory, law, practice: Monograph. - M .: Publishing house of RAGS, 2002 .-- 268 p.

39. Bell D. The coming post-industrial society. Social forecasting experience. -M .: Academia, 1999.786 p.

40. Berg A.I. Information. Control. Intelligence. M .: Mysl, 1976 .-- 383 p.

41. Bertalanffy L. General theory of systems: A critical review // Research on general theory of systems. Moscow: Progress, 1969 .-- P. 2382.

42. Bertalanffy Jl. General Systems Theory: Review of Problems and Results // System Research: Yearbook. Moscow: Nauka, 1969 .-- S. 30-54.

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44. Weber M. Selected Works / Per. with him. M .: Progress, 1990.-804 p.

45. KV Vetrov The Mass Media of Post-Soviet Russia: A Special Path along the Beaten Path. M .: Book and business, 2004 .-- 301 p.

46. ​​Wiener N. Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and in the machine. 2nd ed. -M .: Soviet radio, 1968.245 p.

47. Wiener N. Cybernetics and Society / Per. from English E.G. Panfilov. M .: Tydeks Co, 2002 .-- 182 p.

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50. Vorobyov V.V. Management in Social Informationology: Monograph. Moscow: RAGS Publishing House, 2005 .-- 110 p.

51. Voronina T.P. Information society: essence, features, problems. M .: TsAGI, 1995 .-- 110 p.

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Please note that the above scientific texts are posted for information and obtained by means of recognition of the original texts of dissertations (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors associated with the imperfection of recognition algorithms.
There are no such errors in PDF files of dissertations and abstracts that we deliver.

As a result of mastering this topic, the student must:

know

• conceptual foundations of the State Information Policy of the Russian Federation (GI11) dated October 15, 1998 and other regulatory legal acts;
• definition, purpose, main content (structure), subjects and objects of the GUI;

be able to

• to determine the dynamics of the implementation of the GUI and the problems arising from this;
• to link the development trends of the ISU and the problems of information security of the state (organization);

own

• analysis of the situation in the implementation of the ISU both domestically and in the international arena;
• the application of the conceptual provisions of the ISU to the activities of specific structures of public authorities, taking into account their characteristics.

State information policy (ISP): essence and content

In the second half of the XX century. in the developed countries of the world, including the USSR, tendencies emerged that led to an information crisis. The essence of this phenomenon can be characterized as a deepening contradiction between, on the one hand, the increasing powerful streams of new and accumulated and stored information, and on the other hand, limited human capabilities for the perception and processing of information. Growth rates total amount knowledge of humanity. If for two millennia they were very slow, then already from the beginning of the XX century. the amount of knowledge doubled every 50 years, by 1950, doubling occurred every 10 years, by 1970 - already every 5 years, and since 1990 - annually.

A very paradoxical situation developed: the world has accumulated a huge information potential, but people cannot use it in full due to their limited capabilities.

The situation in our country looked even more paradoxical (but for a different reason). Soviet people spent the most expensive and irreplaceable resource - time to spend it either in a live queue or by appointment to receive a fairly modest set of government services. For example, obtaining various kinds of certificates from one government authority for their submission to other bodies of the same government. Enrolling children in kindergartens and schools, buying train and plane tickets, theater and cinema - these are also live queues. Payment for housing and communal services is endless queues in the stuffy rooms of savings banks, whose employees were not distinguished by special politeness and high professionalism in serving the population. There were also problems in gaining access to archival information, materials in the storerooms of museums and art galleries, dissertation materials, scientific and technical information, foreign publications, etc.

This situation in the information services market was fraught with sad consequences both for politics and for the socio-economic development of our country. At the household level, this caused irritation of citizens, their discontent and public indignation at the existing system of rendering services to the population by the state. Speaking modern language, this state of affairs negatively affected the political image of the authorities and the reputation of the entire system of government in the country.

Restrictions on access to information (sometimes due to unreasonable "secrecy", more often for ideological reasons or simply because of the bureaucratic harm of government officials) led to huge economic and social losses, created a kind of "information iron curtain", prevented the construction of a civilized information society in our country and, accordingly, its entry into the global information infrastructure. The need for the formation of a state information policy aimed at building an information society in Russia was realized by the authorities already in the second half of the 1990s.

During the second half of 1997, two parliamentary hearings were initiated in the State Duma of the Russian Federation: on the problems "Development of the information space in Russia" (October 1997 G.) and "On the Development of the Information Space" (December 1997). The result of these hearings and discussions allowed two committees of the Duma (for communications and informatization, as well as information policy and communications) to come up with an initiative for the development and adoption of October 15, 1998. "Concepts of the State Information Policy of the Russian Federation" (GIP).

The encyclopedic dictionary defines the concept (from lat. conceptio- understanding, system) as a certain way of understanding, interpreting any phenomena, the main point of view, a guiding idea for their coverage; leading concept, constructive principle different types activities.

The concept in relation to the information policy of Russia is necessary in order to:

• to concretize and clarify the main directions of the activities of state authorities on the formation of the information society in Russia;
• protect the rights of citizens and organizations to publicly available information guaranteed by the Constitution of the country, as well as expand the legal field for regulating public relations related to the receipt, dissemination and use of information;
• contribute to the formation of a democratically oriented mass consciousness of the population of Russia;
• develop the industry of information services for residents of Russia;
• to ensure some aspects of information security of an individual, society and state;
• contribute to the formation Common information space our country, strengthening ties between the Center and the regions, federalism and the integrity of the country, as well as its entry into the world information community.

On the one hand, in the information policy of the state - as well as in its domestic and foreign policy - a kind of strategy should be laid down, i.e. goals are set, tasks are formulated, objects and implementation mechanisms are identified, the results of impact on the socio-economic, political and cultural development of Russia are predicted. On the other hand, the ISU is an integral part of the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian state. Achievements or failures of information policy will have a direct and strong impact on all spheres of the life of society and the state.

Knowledge and understanding of the strategy will help the public relations and advertising specialist to consciously participate in the development and implementation of information policy at the tactical level, i.e. in the body of state power where he will directly work. He must understand which technical communication channels are promising and priority for delivering information to specific target audiences. To take into account the problems of information-technical and information-psychological security arising in this case. Apply correct communication technologies coordinated in time and place to deliver information to target audiences. Ultimately, contribute to the solution of those integrated communication tasks in the field of public relations and advertising that directly confront a particular organization in the system of government bodies.

Thus, the ISU is necessary to determine the strategy, tactics and technology of information and communication interaction between the three main actors: the state, business and the public (civil society).

This technology should facilitate the use of modern technical communication channels and the presence in circulation of such quantity and quality of information between these subjects, which would contribute to:

• reliable and prompt delivery of information to target audiences;
• understanding of information and its acceptance (mutual understanding);
• trust between participants (public authorities, business community, the public) communication process and its harmonization. And these are the main functional components of public relations.

There are several definitions of the ISU, to one degree or another reflecting and concretizing various aspects of this phenomenon.

In the text of the Concept itself, the ISU is defined as "a set of goals reflecting Russia's national interests in the information sphere, strategic directions for achieving them (tasks) and a system of measures to implement them."

Some researchers define the ISU as "the ability and ability of policy actors to influence the consciousness, psyche of people, their behavior and activities with the help of information in the interests of the state and civil society." And in a broader sense - as "a special sphere of people's life associated with the reproduction and dissemination of information that meets the interests of the state and civil society, and aimed at ensuring a creative, constructive dialogue between them and their representatives."

If we consider this concept from the professional point of view of public relations specialists, then the state information policy can be defined as follows:

ISU- it a comprehensive system of measures of authorities and administration, aimed at providing public services and meeting the information needs of various segments of the country's population in order to increase their confidence in government bodies, achieve

mutual understanding and harmonization of communicative relations between the state, business and civil society.

In the above definition, there are several basic principles that need to be specified and clarified.

• Firstly, why exactly government departments should create complex system measures and what are these measures? Among the three "players" on the communication field ( state - business – civil society) it is the state that is a kind of "trendsetter". It possesses all the resources necessary for this: administrative (executive bodies, including law enforcement agencies), legislative (State Duma and Federation Council), financial (budget and its distribution), judicial (courts of various instances and jurisdiction), media (controlled by state mass media), etc. It is the state, represented by its administrative apparatus, that determines the vector and strategy of the country's development and conducts the corresponding domestic and foreign policy, including in the information sphere.
• Secondly, referred to in the definition comprehensive measures- these are technical, organizational, administrative and financial and legal decisions and actions of the state, which, as components structural elements any policy must line up in order to work effectively towards the end goal.
• Thirdly, the definition also mentions information needs, which can be characterized as a person's conscious need for information necessary to obtain the missing knowledge and sufficient for making a conscious decision based on it. For example, citizens may have the necessary information about the activities of government bodies, but it may not be sufficient to make a decision - to trust the authorities or not - and to take practical steps - to support the policy of the government or to oppose it.

In this regard, we note that one of the most serious communication problems that existed in the USSR and, to a certain extent, was inherited new Russia- this is a low degree of people's confidence in the authorities. No trust - no (mutual) understanding. And vice versa - misunderstanding gives rise to mistrust. A kind of vicious circle.

Mistrust is based mainly on such reasons.

• The first- this is the problem of promptly obtaining reliable, necessary and sufficient information by the population and organizations of the country about the activities of public authorities, disseminated both through mass (traditional and digital media) and interpersonal (direct contacts of the population with representatives of government bodies of various levels) communication.
• The second reason- This is a deep-rooted false stereotype of administrative and communicative domination of bureaucratic officials over the public (the people for power, not power for the people), which gave rise to a certain technology of communication between these two subjects and the disharmony of their relationship.
• Third reason- objective and subjective technical, financial and administrative restrictions on the part of the authorities, and sometimes bans on the receipt and dissemination of this or that information on the part of individual officials. For the democratic development of Russia, this is a dead-end path.
• Fourth. Another component of the definition is the information society. The information society can be viewed as a new (post-industrial) stage in the development of civilization, in which information and knowledge are the main products of production and consumption.

Practical example. Information society. I. N. Kurnosov gave a deep understanding of the information society in his report at the parliamentary hearings on June 10, 1997 "Information society: plans and programs of foreign countries." It follows from the report that the information society is a society in which "educational institutions and teachers become available to all students, regardless of geographic conditions, distance, resources and working capacity; the enormous potential of art, literature and science becomes available not only in libraries and museums. ; medical and social services become available online; an opportunity is created to fully work through electronic highways; small firms can receive orders from all over the world electronically; everyone can watch the latest films, contact a bank, shop from their home, receive government information directly or through local libraries, it is easy to get in touch with government officials; government, business structures can exchange information electronically, reducing the volume of documentary circulation and improving the quality of services "

Approved at a meeting of the State Duma CommitteeInformation Policy and Communications October 15, 1998

Approved at the meeting of the Permanent Chamberon state information policyPolitical Advisory Boardunder the President of the Russian FederationDecember 21, 1998

INTRODUCTION

1. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF STATE INFORMATION POLICY

2. MAIN OBJECTS OF STATE INFORMATION POLICY AND ITS CONTENT

• 2.1. Informational resources

  2.2. Information and telecommunications infrastructure

  2.3. Information and telecommunication technologies, systems and means of their implementation

  2.4. Production and consumption of informatization tools, information products and services

  • 2.4.1. Scientific, technical and production potential of informatization, telecommunications and communications

    2.4.2. Market of information, information technologies, means, products and services

    2.4.3. Home computerization

2.5. Media policy

2.6. Information law

2.7. Information security systems

2.8. Interaction of information and telecommunication infrastructure of Russia with global information networks

3. IMPACT OF STATE INFORMATION POLICY ON DIFFERENT AREAS OF PUBLIC LIFE

4. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF BUILDING AN INFORMATION SOCIETY IN RUSSIA

CONCLUSION

Introduction

The purpose of the Concept is to define the goals, objectives and objects of the state information policy (ISP), the main directions and mechanisms for its implementation, the results of the ISP's impact on the socio-economic, political and cultural development of Russia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the next century.

Scope - concretization and clarification of the main directions of activities of public authorities on the formation of the information society in Russia, the formation of a single information space of Russia and its entry into the world information community.

Initial data for the development of the Concept - the Constitution of the Russian Federation, “Declaration of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen”, the Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Federal laws “On information, informatization and protection of information”, “On the mass media”, “On participation in international information exchange ”,“ On communications ”,“ On state support of the media and book publishing in the Russian Federation ”,“ On state secrets ”, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as other legislative acts regulating relations between subjects in the information sphere, works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of building the information society and the formation of information and telecommunications space, the results of analytical and predictive studies of informatization processes in Russia.

This concept was developed on the initiative of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Communications and Informatization and the Committee of the State Duma for Information Policy and Communications.

For many years, the state information policy covered mainly the problems associated with the activities of the media. In the last 2-3 years, the content of the ISU has been somewhat expanded and it includes certain elements of protecting the rights of citizens and organizations to publicly available information, guaranteed by the Constitution of the country, as well as some aspects of information security.

Since the beginning of the 90s, the principles and provisions of the state policy of informatization, expressed in various programs of informatization, have been formulated and developed. The main content of this policy was reduced, with minor variations, to the provision of scientific and technical, production, technological and organizational and economic conditions for the creation and use of information technologies, information infrastructure and a system for the formation of information resources. At the same time, the policy of informatization was practically separated from the policy pursued by the state in the field of media, communications and telecommunications.

A new impulse in the development of state information policy has arisen recently in connection with the awareness of the need to build an information society in Russia as the main condition for its political and socio-economic movement forward and preserving the status of a world power.

The processes of formation and development of the world information community and the forward movement of developed countries from industrial to post-industrial (information) society are of exceptional importance for the development of an adequate time understanding of informatization, informatization policy and ISU in general.

The formation of the information society is based on the latest information, telecommunication and communication technologies. It is new technologies that have led to the rapid spread of global information networks, primarily the Internet, which opens up fundamentally new opportunities for international information exchange. Advanced information and telecommunication technologies are multiplying the impact of electronic media on the socio-political and cultural life of millions of people on all continents. The formation of the information society conceptually and practically means the formation of the world information space. At the same time, Russia as a subject of geopolitics, a state with a developed information and telecommunications infrastructure throughout the Eurasian space of Russia and the CIS, could become a natural bridge between Europe and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. This would allow it to become a key link in the global information space.

Within the framework of the state information policy, the foundations should be laid for solving such major tasks as the formation of a single information space of Russia and its entry into the world information space, ensuring the information security of the individual, society and the state, the formation of a democratically oriented mass consciousness, the formation of the information services industry, the expansion of the legal field of regulation of public relations, including those related to the receipt, dissemination and use of information. The ISU should contribute to strengthening the ties between the Center and the regions, strengthening federalism and the integrity of the country.

The need to solve such large-scale tasks requires effective management of all types of information resources, elements of information and telecommunications infrastructure, state support for domestic information production, information technology market, tools, products and services, regulating the activities of state electronic and print media.

The implementation mechanisms and the choice of priority practical measures of the ISU are currently imprinted with a deep crisis in the real sector of the Russian economy, its core - high-tech industries. The production of information, informatization, telecommunications and communications is the leading element of this core. As for all high-tech industries with serious scientific and technical groundwork, it is extremely important for informatization to strengthen the role of state regulation. The ISU should stimulate the growth of production of information technology, telecommunications, information products and services, and at the same time effective demand for them. Practical implementation ISU in modern Russian conditions requires a broad psychological campaign to support its main provisions in public opinion, clarification of its social orientation, proof of its validity.

The free creation, dissemination and consumption of information as the most important constitutional right of citizens is in the focus of public attention, and that is why the state information policy should be considered as a serious driving force behind the democratic transformations of society and the state in Russia. Although there is still a long way to go to a civil society, to the rule of law, we can already talk about the formation in Russia of a new information reality based on the principle of openness of information and a constantly improving system of information legislation.

State information policy in its essence should reflect and take into account the many interests of citizens, public organizations and movements, federal, regional and municipal authorities, government organizations and commercial structures. The GIP of Russia, as a state located on a vast territory, must also take into account the various levels of socio-economic, scientific-technical and cultural development of the constituent entities of the Federation. Hence the need arises for the active participation of all interested citizens and structures in the concretization, development and implementation of the provisions of the state information policy.