When choosing a school for a child, parents take into account many factors: location, traditions, educational focus of the school, reviews. Now this list has been supplemented with another important item: the training program.
Currently offering a variety of work programs for each level of the school from grades 1-11 . As a rule, general education institutions choose several educational programs, especially in the primary grades, and parallel classes are taught in different teaching materials.
Today it is important for parents to know: how to choose a suitable educational program and how do they differ? This question arises especially urgently in elementary school, because it determines how successfully the child will study.
Let's make a reservation right away: it is incorrect to divide programs into “bad and good”. All elementary school programs according to the Federal State Educational Standard are approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. They are simply designed for different ways of perception and take into account the peculiarities of the child’s thinking. One thing in common: all programs allow the student to master the necessary minimum knowledge for primary school. The difference is in the presentation of the material, in the organization of educational activities, in the variety of exercises.
Educational programs for primary school
1. Program "School of Russia"(edited by A. Pleshakov) is one of the oldest and time-tested programs. Since Soviet times, the program has been improved more than once and adapted to the realities of modern times.
Designed for all children and allows them to thoroughly develop writing, reading and counting skills.
2. Program "Primary school of the XXI century"(edited by N. F. Vinogradova). The material is complex, designed for erudite children. The program teaches independence, a lot of work is being done to cultivate interest in the educational process, the ability to properly organize studies. There are many additional materials and exercises aimed at developing memory , logic, outlook, imagination.Each student can learn at his chosen pace, since there are tasks of different levels of complexity and different directions.
The main goal of the program: to teach the child to learn.
3. Program "Primary Promising School". Features: there is no need to cram rules, theorems and axioms. The emphasis is on the development of logic, intelligence and analytical thinking. Additional hours are provided for drawing, music, and physical education.
Suitable for any child, regardless of his level of readiness for school.
4. Program "School 2100"(under the editorship of A. A. Leontiev). This program is gaining more and more fans. The undoubted advantage of the program is the continuity of education, since it can be used from the age of 3 until graduation.
Feature of the program: educational material is given to the maximum, varied, multi-level. The student himself chooses how much knowledge will be sufficient. An individual approach to each child is used.
Suitable for all children.
5. "Harmony"(under the editorship of N. B. Istomin). The program involves close cooperation with parents. Many topics are suggested to be discussed at home first. Much attention is paid to the development of self-education skills.
Priority is given to students' independent work. Techniques of observation, selection, transformation and construction are actively involved. All material is presented in a variety of ways, taking into account the students' own experience, the practical orientation of knowledge.
Suitable for children with analytical thinking and a penchant for technical sciences.
6. "Planet of Knowledge"- focused on the development of creative abilities. In the course of the teaching, schoolchildren compose fairy tales themselves, put on performances, carry out projects, and make presentations.
Provides the necessary minimum knowledge, skills and abilities. Everything beyond the program is at the request of the students.
Suitable for children with a humanitarian bias.
7. Primary school program "Perspective". Here, much attention is paid to the education of children as citizens of their country, the formation of moral positions.
Many tasks are aimed at developing logic and imagination. A huge amount of additional material is used, for each subject there are several manuals. The teaching principle is dialectical. The presentation of the material is accessible, although sometimes boring.
Suitable for all children, regardless of their readiness for school.
8. Program by L. V. Zankov. There is a huge amount of material included in the system. All lessons are equivalent, great attention is paid to the development of logic, analytical thinking, independent work skills. There are electives in computer science, economics, and foreign languages. Training is carried out at a fast pace.
Suitable for children well prepared for school.
9. Elkonin-Davydov program. A rather controversial program, but very interesting for children. Much attention is paid to theoretical thinking, the construction of tasks, problematic issues and the search for their resolution. Learning is slow. The only disadvantage we can note is the discrepancy in some of the terms studied. So, for example, the authors of textbooks call verbs action words, and nouns - object words. This creates certain difficulties in high school... We hope it helps you in your work!
In the review below there are applications for both iPhone and Android gadgets; some require English, and some will have to be paid for. One thing they have in common is their usefulness in education.
For those preparing for the main school exam
In conditions where a schoolchild devotes as much time to a phone or tablet as he does to sitting in class, it is difficult to underestimate gadgets. You can use YouTube, WhatsApp, and even VKontakte wisely. At the same time, educational and academic applications offer schoolchildren to consolidate the material they have covered and gain new knowledge, and parents - to better understand the child.
MATHEMATICS
Algebra Tutor- free algebra tutor. When solving equations, it shows step-by-step instructions and errors during the calculation steps. Problems range from finding the common denominator to solving linear equations and transformations. The interface is in English, but with basic knowledge of mathematics and algebra, it will not interfere with the main goal. "USE Mathematics" will help prepare students for exams.
Those who can cheat in math and are preparing for Olympiads should get acquainted with the WolframAlpha group of applications for mathematical tools. It contains calculators for physics, mechanics and applied fields. The only negative is that the applications are paid. If a student studies technical sciences, then the product of a Moscow State University graduate Geeksmath will help him with mathematical analysis and probability theory - students Geek and Blondie will explain complex university programs.
The GeoGebra application allows you to work with complex numbers, matrices and graphing functions. MathematUM will teach you to add, subtract, multiply, divide two-digit numbers and do it in a certain time.
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND PROGRAMMING
Learning to program is unlikely to be possible with just one application. But Codeacademy will help the student take his first steps, repeat what was taught in computer science, and get acquainted with the basic principles of programming. There are many similar applications, but Codeacademy presents information in a playful way.
The application is in Russian, which is rather a minus for learning programming. Another drawback is that the tutorial game is only available on iOS. You can compensate for the misunderstanding by going to Codeacademy.com - a popular site for learning programming.
Career Story with Codeacademy by Tommy Nicholas
Hopscotch has the same characteristics, but the application prioritizes entertainment over education. The closest analogues in Russian are interactive online courses on HTML and CSS from INTUIT and HTML Academy.
Android users will create their first web page with "HTML & CSS Light Basics," and "Learn Java" offers skipping code exercises and lectures. More serious guys should get acquainted with Learn programming. It was created as a textbook on Internet technologies.
Well, if you want to download applications and write them yourself, then “Android Programming” will come in handy. The SoloLearn group offers video lecture applications for learning seven programming languages.
Introduction to SoloLearn Apps
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Language assistants are often made by programmers who do not understand language learning technologies. LinguaLeo is an application by Ainur Abdulnasyrov, who, while still a student, created an offline language school. Preparation programs for the Unified State Exam and TOEFL, thematic collections, six types of training and a personal dictionary - these are the advantages of LinguaLeo. It uses a gaming model: for newly acquired knowledge, the user receives “meatballs” - food for the virtual pet Leo. Application for mobile devices, on the website and as a browser extension.
A similar cross-platform app is Duolingo. It also has game “currency” and versatile training. The basic principle is the use of statistics: the application remembers what mistakes the user made and suggests tasks for the user to correct them. Another app worth checking out is Lingualy. Expanding your vocabulary builds up reading interesting articles, and the game “snake” offers time to select the correct translations of words.
Other language learning apps are dictionaries. Exceptions are Busuu, Rosetta Stone, Mindsnacks and Voxy.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
If parents support that it is too early to read “War and Peace” and other masterpieces of Russian literature at the age of 15-16, but it is necessary to write an essay, the student will find Briefly useful - an application of the website of the same name, which provides a summary of the books.
"Russian Spelling" offers easy tests and explains why words are spelled the way they are. The interpretation of difficult words and the built-in difficulty levels will be helpful. In “Dictation. Russian language" the student must correctly choose the missing letter(s) and punctuation marks in the text. However, some of the material is available for free in this application.
“Russian language” from the developer MyDevCorp - assistant on Android. The main advantages are the simplest interface and diary keeping. For iPhone owners - “Russian language: theory, exercises, dictionary, Unified State Exam.”
OTHER
Applications for other subjects in the school curriculum every now and then consist of lectures on topics and tests for them. The main differences between them are in the interface, design and amount of free content.
Exceptions to the rule include school curriculum subjects in preparation for the Unified State Exam.
Among them is Yandex.USE. The application contains training versions of the Unified State Exam and State Examination, in which you can repeat only specific questions and work without an Internet connection. It is available only on Google Play and on the company's website.
"Foxford Textbook" - an application with theory, examples and video lessons from specialized teachers in the disciplines.
"Eureka" is an application for preparing for the Unified State Exam in Physics on iOS. Only basic tasks are available in the free version; for the rest you will have to pay extra.
The "12th grade" application allows you to solve tasks from the school curriculum for grades 1-8. The main advantage is that parents see the statistics and progress of the child.
A student’s smartphone can help its owner with both academic subjects and applied knowledge and skills. Mnemocon, Brain Training, Memory Ladder and Memory Trainer (paid) will help you develop your memory, and Schulte Tables will teach you how to concentrate.
Assimilation of information, the ability to focus and concentrate, formation of cognitive development, development of logical decisions - what the Lumosity application can teach
Dedicated to the parents of future first-graders...
You often hear: “We study according to Vinogradova...”, “But in our class they teach according to Zankov.” Unfortunately, most parents can only name the author of the curriculum, others will say “we were praised for it,” and still others, perhaps, will talk about specific pros and cons. But in general, the average parent has difficulty understanding how all these programs differ. And no wonder. It is really difficult to get through the scientific style and terminology of pedagogical texts.
So let's figure it out together and try to understand.
Firstly, there is a pedagogical system and a pedagogical program.
There are only three systems: Zankov system(developmental), Elkonin-Davydov system(developmental) and traditional(see Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 21, 2004 N 93).
There are much more programs. In addition to the officially recognized ones, there are many experimental systems, as well as proprietary, in-school ones, which we will not consider in this article.
Schematically it will look something like this:
All systems and programs approved by the Ministry of Education meet the main requirement: they allow the student to acquire the required minimum knowledge. Authorship is manifested in the ways of presenting material, additional information, and organizing educational activities.
Each system and program has its own author, so to speak, an ideological inspirer. But this does not mean that all textbooks in all subjects were written by him alone. Of course, a whole team worked on compiling the educational and methodological kit! Therefore, the names on your children’s textbooks will naturally be different. But, despite the “collective creativity”, all textbooks within one program have the same:
- Goal (i.e. the result that should be obtained, the qualities that graduates who have studied in a particular program should ultimately have)
- Objectives (i.e. those steps by which the goal is achieved)
- Principles (i.e., features of the organization of training, presentation of material, choice of methods that distinguish one program from another).
- Content (essentially the same educational material that the child will learn during the learning process. For example, the content of education in philology, mathematics, social studies and natural science. In this part of the program, they differ in that some are limited to the state standard minimum, others include various additional knowledge, concepts, literature, as well as the order of presentation of educational material, which is inextricably linked with the principles.)
There are no bad or good programs. All programs discussed in the article are approved by the Ministry of Education. And the developmental system is no better or worse than the traditional one. In fact, each system is designed for a certain mindset, or, in other words, a way of perceiving and mentally processing information. And these processes are individual for each child. Like metabolism, or say, hair color. Therefore, in the description of each program, we have introduced the section “Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program”, where we will describe the qualities that it is desirable for the child to have in order to show high results without overstraining.
Below we will sometimes give examples of schools teaching according to one or another program, but in fact, different classes of the same program can study according to different programs, especially where the choice of the program is made by the teachers themselves. And that's even good. Different programs and systems require different initial knowledge and skills from children, and the personal qualities of the teacher largely determine whether he will be able to implement the program in full. Therefore, the teacher chooses a program that will allow him to work in the current situation with this particular team.
Zankov's education system
In 1995 - 1996 L.V. Zankov’s system is recognized as a parallel state system of primary education.
Target: the general development of students, which is understood as the development of mind, will, schoolchildren and as a reliable basis for their acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities.
Tasks: One of the most important tasks is to instill in a primary school student an attitude towards himself as a value. Training should be focused not so much on the entire class as a whole, but on each individual student. In this case, the goal is not to “bring up” weak students to the level of strong ones, but to reveal the individuality and optimally develop each student, regardless of whether he is considered “strong” or “weak” in the class.
Principles: student independence, creative comprehension of the material. The teacher does not give schoolchildren the truth, but forces them to “get to the bottom” themselves. The scheme is the opposite of the traditional one: first examples are given, and students themselves must draw theoretical conclusions. The learned material is also reinforced with practical assignments. The new didactic principles of this system are rapid mastery of the material, a high level of difficulty, and the leading role of theoretical knowledge. Comprehension of concepts must occur in the understanding of systemic relationships.
Systematic work is carried out on the overall development of all students, including both strong and weak ones. It is important for schoolchildren to become aware of their learning process.
Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the willingness to work at a high pace, the ability to reflect, independently search for and assimilate information, and the willingness to be creative in solving the problem.
- http://www.zankov.ru/article.asp?edition=5&heading=26&article=26 - the system is clearly and completely described, you can't say better
Elkonin-Davydov education system
If Zankov teaches at a high speed, then Davydov follows the saying "go slower - you will continue."
Educational system D. B. Elkonina-V.V. Davydov has a history of existence of more than 40 years: first in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996, by the decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the Elkonin-Davydov educational system was recognized as one of three state systems, along with the traditional system and the L. V. Zankova.
Target: formation of a system of scientific concepts, educational independence and initiative. Development in a child of the ability to think unusually and deeply
Tasks:
- to form in primary school graduates the ability to reflect, which at primary school age reveals itself through:
- knowledge of one's ignorance, the ability to distinguish the known from the unknown;
- the ability, in an underdetermined situation, to indicate what knowledge and skills are missing for successful action;
- the ability to consider and evaluate one’s own thoughts and actions “from the outside,” without considering one’s point of view to be the only possible one;
- the ability to critically, but not categorically, evaluate the thoughts and actions of other people, turning to their reasons.
The maturity of these abilities is revealed if:
- students can identify a system of problems of the same class that have a single principle of their construction, but differ in the external features of the conditions (content analysis);
- Students can mentally construct a chain of actions, and then carry them out smoothly and without error.
- develop the student’s creative potential and imagination.
Principles:
- The main principle of this system is to teach children to obtain knowledge, to seek it on their own, and not to memorize school truths.
- The subject of assimilation is general methods of action - ways of solving a class of problems. This is where learning the subject begins. In the future, the general method of action is specified in relation to particular cases. The program is designed in such a way that in each subsequent section the already mastered method of action is concretized and developed.
- Mastering the general method begins with objective-practical action.
- Student work is structured as a search and testing of means to solve a problem. Therefore, a student’s judgment, which differs from the generally accepted one, is considered not as an error, but as a test of thought.
The features that will allow a child to successfully study in this program are the same as those described for the Zankov program. Exception: it is unlikely that you will have to work at a fast pace. Rather, thoroughness, attention to detail, and the ability to generalize will come in handy.
School 2100 (School 2000, Peterson program)
The program is aimed primarily at developing and improving the traditional content of education.
Target: ensure natural and effective integration of the child into society.
Tasks:
- develop readiness for productive work
- to form readiness for further education and, more broadly, for lifelong education in general.
- to develop a natural-scientific and general humanitarian worldview.
- ensure a certain level of general cultural development. An example would be the formation (cultivation) of a student’s skills of adequate artistic perception of at least literature
- to form certain personal properties that ensure his successful socio-psychological adaptation in society, successful social activity and successful social and personal development
- provide maximum opportunities for developing in the student an attitude towards creative activity and creative activity skills
- to form knowledge, attitudes and basic skills of pedagogical activity.
Principles.
The principle of adaptability. The school strives, on the one hand, to adapt as much as possible to students with their individual characteristics, and on the other hand, to respond as flexibly as possible to socio-cultural changes in the environment.
Development principle. The main task of the school is the development of the student, and first of all, the holistic development of his personality and the readiness of the individual for further development.
The principle of psychological comfort. This includes, firstly, the removal of all stress-forming factors of the educational process. Secondly, this principle presupposes the creation in the educational process of an uninhibited, stimulating creative activity of the student.
The principle of the image of the world. The student’s idea of the objective and social world should be unified and holistic. As a result of the teaching, he should develop a kind of scheme of the world order, the universe, in which specific, subject knowledge takes its specific place.
The principle of integrity of educational content. In other words, all “objects” are interconnected.
The principle of systematicity. Education must be systematic, correspond to the patterns of personal and intellectual development of a child and adolescent, and be part of the general system of lifelong education.
The principle of a semantic relationship to the world. The image of the world for a child is not abstract, cold knowledge about it. This is not knowledge for me, but this is my knowledge. This is not the world around me: this is the world of which I am a part and which I somehow experience and comprehend for myself.
The principle of the orienting function of knowledge. The task of general education is to help the student develop an indicative framework that he can and should use in various types of his cognitive and productive activities.
Features that will allow a child to successfully study in this program: Since the program, as conceived by the authors, has something in common with the Elkonin-Davydov system, all the qualities that were described above will be useful. But since this is still a traditional program designed for the “average student,” almost any child can study successfully using it.
“School of Russia” (Pleshakov)
This is the elementary school kit we all learned from, with a few modifications.
Target: education of schoolchildren as citizens of Russia. The Russian school should become a school of spiritual and moral development.
Tasks. The main purpose of elementary school, according to the authors, is educational. Hence the tasks:
- development in a child of human qualities that correspond to ideas about true humanity: kindness, tolerance, responsibility, the ability to empathize, readiness to help others
- teaching the child conscious reading, writing and arithmetic, correct speech, instilling certain work and health-saving skills, teaching the basics of safe life
- formation of natural learning motivation
Principles: fundamentality, reliability, stability, openness to new things.
Problem-search approach. It involves creating problem situations, making assumptions, searching for evidence, formulating conclusions, and comparing results with a standard.
Features that will allow a child to successfully study in this program: No special qualities are required from the child. Of course, the more abilities a child has, the better. For example, the ability to self-esteem and willingness to work in problematic situations will come in handy. But even the most unprepared children for school learn well in this program.
“Harmony” edited by N. B. Istomina
This system correlates with the basic ideas of developmental education and, in particular, with the Zankov system, in which Natalya Borisovna Istomina herself worked for a very long time.
Target: multilateral development of the child, comfortable learning, prepares the child’s thinking apparatus for further learning. Overcoming the differences between traditional and developmental training schemes.
Tasks: ensure the child’s understanding of the issues being studied, create conditions for harmonious relationships between the teacher and the student and children with each other, and create situations for each student to succeed in cognitive activity.
Principles: organization of students' educational activities related to the formulation of an educational task, its solution, self-control and self-esteem; organizing productive communication, which is a necessary condition for the formation of educational activities; the formation of concepts that provide, at a level accessible to primary school age, an awareness of cause-and-effect relationships, patterns and dependencies.
Features that will allow a child to successfully study in this program: the requirements for the features of the child’s thought process arise from the connection with the Zankov system stated by the author. But like any traditional system, this program softens the requirements placed on the student by the Zankov program.
“Elementary school of the 21st century” (Vinogradova)
Target: organizing the educational activities of primary schoolchildren in such a way as to provide comfortable conditions for the child’s development in the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities.
Tasks:
- the formation of the main components of educational activity (if we discuss the student’s position, then this is the answer to the questions “why am I studying”, “what should I do to solve this educational task”, “in what way do I carry out the educational task and how do I do it”, “ what are my successes and what am I failing at?
- organizing the educational process in such a way as to ensure a situation of success for each student and the opportunity to learn at an individual pace.
Principles: the main principle of education is that the elementary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and the level of socialization. The student is not just a “spectator”, “listener”, but a “researcher”.
Content: in accordance with the main principle (conformity to nature), the authors paid special attention to the implementation of the function of "soft" adaptation of children to new activities. A system has been developed for using role-playing in teaching, which makes it possible to develop various facets of role-playing behavior, and hence the imagination and creativity of the student. All textbooks provide additional educational content, giving everyone the opportunity to work in accordance with their abilities (for example, introducing interesting texts into the textbook from the very beginning of learning on the material of the full alphabet for well-read children).
Features that will allow a child to successfully study in this program: based on the principles, it can be assumed that this program will be comfortable for children who require a gentle adaptation to everything new to them, be it a group or a type of activity. All courses have a long preparatory period.
They study in elementary school for 6 years, in middle school for 3 and in high school for another 3. A total of 12 years.
I will describe the ordinary education system - secular and for ordinary children. There are also extensive systems of religious education in different directions, as well as education for children with special needs - also divided into these special needs themselves, the language of instruction (Hebrew or Arabic), and religious/secular schools.
Primary and secondary schools - at the place of residence. In big cities, sometimes there are special classes with one focus or another, and you can go there without registration.
Before moving to high school, a student must choose what exactly he will study. Each subject has its own cost in educational units, which reflect the depth of its study. To obtain a certificate, you must successfully pass exams for at least 22 units. There are 7 compulsory subjects (Sacred texts: Torah, prophets, scriptures, Hebrew, literature, history, social studies, English, mathematics). The first 5 must be studied for at least 2 units, English can be studied for 4 or 5 units, mathematics - for 3, 4 or 5 units. In addition, you must select 2 more subjects for in-depth study worth 5 units. Their list changes from school to school. For example, at my children’s school it is: physics, chemistry, biology, geography, literature, programming (that’s 10 units), computer science, electronics, history, Arabic, Spanish, digital music, journalism, theater, Jewish tradition, management, sports , sociology + psychology, art, cinema, dance, sacred texts, diplomacy). If someone wants, they can also write an academic paper on a chosen topic and receive another 5 units.
All these subjects have independent exams that are not tested at school. The inspector does not know whose work he is checking. For dance exams, etc. The commission comes, their teachers are not present at the exam.
Thus, almost every lesson the child spends with different groups and students. In English and Mathematics, students sometimes move from group to group (3.4 or 5 units) depending on performance.
Subsequently, upon admission, the subjects studied, their level and assessment, are of considerable importance.
Don't confuse warm with soft!
Yes, freedom is very necessary. And the hair can be green or blue. But what does it have to do with “whichever textbook I want, that’s the one I take”? Even in a free school there is a certain program for which there are teaching aids. What does "evaluation criteria are different" mean? - different in the same school?? This is somehow strange.
And if “different schools have different requirements, programs and different workloads,” then this is normal. Children/parents can choose what program and load they need! Well, and accordingly, do not remain without the "exact and natural" sciences (if these children / parents need them).
Freedom is useful. Another question is that it is difficult. Freedom comes with responsibility. For your choice, for your behavior, for your words and decisions.
It’s easier to enroll your child in the cadets, and let them build him there!
Conference "School and additional education of children" "School and Section: Schools (School program). I am changing the School of Russia to School 2100.
