The idea of transmitting an image haunted people in ancient times. As a confirmation of this statement, it is enough to recall at least the magic mirror of the sorceress Shallot, mentioned in the cycle of legends about King Arthur, or our Russian fabulous bulk apple, which, complete with a plate, served as a kind of TV for Baba Yaga.
But only at the end of the nineteenth century, humanity finally reached such a level of technical development, at which it became possible to translate this idea into reality. Starting from that time, scientific research was carried out for several decades and the basic principles of television broadcasting were developed, and only at the beginning of the forties of the twentieth century did a real breakthrough occur in this area - in 1931 an electronic television tube was patented.
The first black and white TV in the USSR
The first trial image transmission over a distance in the Soviet Union was carried out in 1931, and television broadcasting in our country became regular from March 1939.
The first Soviet image-receiving device was produced in 1932 in Leningrad, at the Komintern radio factory, and it was called B-2 in honor of its inventor A. Ya. Breibart. But "B-2", equipped with a miniature screen, the size of a matchbox, did not yet have its own decoder, so it was not a full-fledged TV, but just a set-top box that had to be connected to an ordinary radio.
A few years later, Komintern launched the production of TK-1 TVs, which were not domestically developed - they were produced under an American license. In total, the plant managed to make no more than two thousand such licensed TVs, and then the war stopped the development of domestic television for several years.
The KVN-49 TV set, which was born in the late forties, is rightfully considered the first mass-produced Soviet black-and-white TV set. Its name is an abbreviation made up of capital letters of the names of the designers of this people's TV - V.K. Kenigson, N.M. Varshavsky and I.A. Nikolaevsky. In order to meet the growing needs of the population, the country's leadership launched the production of these TVs in three cities at once - Leningrad, Voronezh and Baku.
"KVN-49" received three television channels, had a very voluminous wooden case and a small screen, 10 by 14 centimeters in size, the image on which was best viewed through a special attached lens.
In parallel with the construction of new factories producing various black and white televisions, work was underway in the Soviet Union to create color television. Trial color broadcasting has been carried out since 1957. At that time, at the Kozitsky plant (the former Komintern), prototypes of Raduga color TVs were produced, and in 1960 the Moscow Radio Plant manufactured a small batch of Temp-22 color TVs, but neither Rainbow nor "Temp" did not hit.
The first truly popular color TV was released in the USSR in 1967 at the Moscow Radio Plant and it was called Rubin-401.
We briefly told you about the development of television. If you want to know how TVs are made, read our article - in it you will find the answer to this question.
Today, humanity cannot be imagined without television. Who among us does not like to lie down on the couch after a busy day of work, relax and completely immerse ourselves in watching our favorite movie or program? Many years have passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union, during which time technological progress has made an incredible leap forward.
First developments
Not many people remember how it all began, and only a few know the name of the first color TV in the USSR. It is worth noting that scientists had to spend a lot of time to create devices suitable for viewing. However, it is impossible to single out from a large number of inventors the one who invented the first Soviet color TV, since each of them made his own unique tangible contribution to the development of television.
In 1951, experimental devices were released that broadcast television programs in color. Their quality, of course, cannot be compared with modern technologies, but it was at that time that the first color television set of the USSR was “born”. Experimental developments that were carried out in Leningrad at the plant. Kozitsky, allowed to produce a limited number of electronic-mechanical, as well as electronic televisions with a color image called "Rainbow".
Mass production
"Rubin-401" - the name of the first color television in the USSR, which began to be mass-produced in low quality and the dull colors of such an apparatus made it possible to view the image only in darkened rooms. Subsequently, the screen sizes have increased, which has significantly improved clarity, brightness and contrast.
Some time later, the second improved model of a color TV called Rubin-714 was released. From that moment began the era of mass production of television equipment. Now everyone could buy a tube "Rubin-714" with a diagonal of 61 centimeters. It should be noted that this apparatus was very heavy, so its transportation required the efforts of at least two strong men. Despite such a bright name for the first color television set in the USSR, we still lagged far behind other developed countries, since modern television was just emerging in our country.
First color television broadcasts
The first color broadcast in the Soviet Union was broadcast on November 7, 1967. However, televisions remained black and white for a long time and only on holidays could please their owners with a multi-colored image. The name of the first color television in the USSR was first heard in a special report on the country's main channel, which was broadcast in color. By the beginning of the 90s, almost every family could already fully enjoy watching their favorite films and programs. The country has stepped far forward - color television has firmly entered our lives.
Today in the world there are a great many models of modern TVs, in which designers embody the most advanced ideas of technical creativity. Currently, plasma, liquid crystal, LED and projection devices are produced, which can be both portable and stationary. In addition, TVs with different sound are produced, which once again proves the boundlessness of technological progress.
When did the first televisions appear in the USSR in Russia?
- Regular television broadcasting in Russia (USSR) began on March 10, 1939.
The first Soviet TV set (a prefix - the TV did not have its own loudspeaker and was connected to a broadcasting receiver) using the Nipkov disk system was created at the Komintern Leningrad plant (now the Kozitsky plant) in April 1932. It was the B-2 brand, with a screen size of 3x4 cm. In 1933-1936. the plant produced about 3 thousand of these TVs. In 1938, the Komintern plant produced TK-1 televisions, it was a complex model with 33 radio tubes and it was manufactured under an American license and using their documentation. By the end of the year, about 200 TVs were produced. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, their fleet amounted to 2000 pieces. Approximately the same number of televisions of the VRK model (All-Union Radio Committee) were manufactured.
Work on the creation of a simplified television receiver, designed for the mass consumer, was carried out at another Leningrad enterprise - the Radist plant (it was the leading specialists from VNIIT and from the Kozitsky plant that came to it). And in 1940, in the laboratories of the Radio operator, a serial desktop TV 17TN-1 with a screen with a diameter of 17 cm was created. Before the war, the plant managed to produce no more than 2 thousand TVs of this brand. Before the war, the Alexander Plant produced the first Soviet TV set, which surpassed the American RCA - ATP-1 in quality. But KVN-49 is considered to be the truly first Soviet television, even Stalin watched it. The first TVs cost more than 900 rubles (several monthly salaries).
The Moscow Television Plant (now Rubin) was established in 1951, and produced the first Sever televisions in 1953. The Alexander Radio Plant Record began producing televisions in 1957. Since the post-war fleet of televisions in the USSR was small, in 1951-55. an attempt was made to create a system of sequential color television (having some advantages, but incompatible with black and white, and therefore previously rejected in America). A standard of 525 lines was chosen at 50 frames (25 fields) per second, a disk with color filters rotated in front of the tube in front of the tube, the same disk rotated synchronously in front of the kinescope screen on the TV (with red filters, red details of the image were transmitted, with green - green, when blue - blue). Experimental broadcasting was carried out from the Color Television Experimental Station, OSCT-1. At the Leningrad plant. Kozitsky, several hundred Rainbow color TVs with a kinescope with a diameter of 18 cm were produced (with increased brightness - to compensate for the loss of light in the filters).
- In the 1950s, TV receivers "KVN"
- In the early 60s of the last century
- In our house, a TV appeared in 1954 - it was the first TV on our street! Transfers were 2 times a week for 3-4 hours! The room was full of people, they looked through the windows!
TV brand "Leningrad-T2". - The first mass domestic TV set KVN-49 gt;
One of the first mass-produced Soviet televisions was the KVN-49 model. The TV set was developed at the Alexander Radio Plant back in 1947, but it began to be mass-produced in the spring of 1949. The name KVN came from the first letters of the names of the developers: V. K. Kenigson, N. M. Varshavsky and I. A. Nikolaevsky, and 49 is the year the release began.
The device is designed to receive programs from television centers operating in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd television channels. It is packaged in a polished wooden box with dimensions 380#215;450#215; 490 mm. Its mass is 29 kg. Powered by mains 110, 127 or 220 watts. At the end of the transmission, the TV automatically disconnected from the network.To enlarge the image on the screen, special lenses with glycerin or refillable with water were used. At the same time, the size of the image on the screen visually increased, but the viewing angle was limited due to distortion. TV KVN-49 was almost simultaneously produced by several factories in the central part of the country. These were Alexandrovsky, Voronezh, Leningrad and Baku plants. The Voronezh Radio Plant Elektrosignal produced TV KVN-49 immediately along with a magnifying lens on glycerin. In total, TVs under the KVN-49 brand, including all its modifications, were produced by all the manufacturing plants of the Soviet Union about one million 300 thousand pieces.
The KVN-49 television set was carefully tested and accepted for large-scale production by the Interdepartmental Commission headed by S. V. Novakovsky, Chief Engineer of the ITC. In 1949, the Alexander Radio Plant (ARZ, Vladimir Region) began its mass production under the leadership of the director of the plant, M. M. Zhulev. The KVN-49 TV was a direct amplification receiver and was designed to receive TV programs on three radio channels: 48.5 ... 56.5 MHz (waves 6.15 ... 5.31 m); 58.0 ... 66.0 MHz (waves 5.17 ... 4.55 m) and 76.0 ... 84.0 MHz (waves 3.95 ... 3.57 m).
The TV used an 18LK1B kinescope with a round screen without an ion trap; focusing and deflection of the electron beam were carried out by magnetic fields. The focusing-deflecting system (FOS) consisted of three coils (lowercase, personnel, focusing). The image size on the kinescope screen was 105x140 mm, frame format 4:3. The output sound power was 1 W. To increase the size of the image, the plant produced a separate attached plastic magnifying lens filled with distilled water. The power consumed by the TV from the network was 220 watts. TV dimensions 380x490x400 mm, weight - 29 kg.
The TV circuit consisted of a signal processing path (of four UHF stages on 6Zh4 lamps, a video detector (6X6S), two video amplifier stages (6Zh4 and 6P9), a stage for restoring the constant component of the video signal (6X6S), an amplitude selector (6N8S), an amplifier and a sync pulse limiter ( 6Н8С)) ; horizontal scanning generator (driving oscillator (6N8S), discharge lamp (6N8S), output stage (G-807), damper (6N7S), high-voltage rectifier (1Ts1S)); vertical scan generator (master oscillator (6N8S) and output stage (6N8S)); audio path (amplifier and amplitude limiter (6Zh8), frequency detector (6X6S), low frequency amplifier (6P9))
- Since the mid-50s, funny TV sets "KVN" appeared in some families
- starting in 1961 somewhere massively
- In the mid-50s of the last century, the party elite, speculators, etc. In the early 60s, ordinary citizens began to appear, who made good money
Since March 1934 at the Leningrad plant named after. Kozitsky began to produce in small series the first domestic amateur mechanical TV "B-2", designed to receive moving images and sound at a distance (by radio or wires), carried out as a result of using the photoelectric effect. The size of the visible part of the screen with a magnifying lens was 3 by 4 cm. Good results were obtained only when receiving simple images (for example, animations). The brightness of the image was determined by the strength of the reception, that is, the power of the transmitting station, the distance from it, the quality of the receiving antenna, etc.
In 1933-1936. more than 3 thousand such TVs were produced.
In 1938, the first experimental television centers were put into operation in Moscow and Leningrad. The resolution of the transmitted image in Moscow was 343 lines, and in Leningrad - 240 lines at 25 frames per second. At the same time - in 1938 - the serial production of console receivers for 343 lines "TK-1" with a screen size of 14 by 18 cm began.
In the second half of the 1940s. The decomposition of the image transmitted by the Moscow and Leningrad centers was increased to 625 lines, which significantly improved the quality of television broadcasts.
Since 1948, TV sets of the KVN-49 series have been produced, the distinguishing feature of which was the presence of a glass lens in front of the screen that enlarged the image.
In 1957, the number of television sets in the USSR exceeded 1 million. The most popular was the television set with an unprecedented screen size of 35 cm diagonally ("Record", "Start"). More affluent families could now afford "Ruby" or "Temp" with a screen size of 43 cm diagonally. "Yantar" (53 cm) began to be produced in small quantities.
The rapid growth of the transmitting and receiving television network began in the mid-1950s. If in 1953 only three television centers were operating, then in 1960 there were already 100 powerful television stations and 170 low-power relay stations, and by the end of 1970 there were up to 300 powerful and about 1000 low-power television stations. On November 4, 1967, the All-Union Radio and Television Transmitting Station of the USSR Ministry of Communications was put into operation.
Since the spring of 1954, in Leningrad, for experiments on the introduction of color television, an experimental television receiver "Rainbow" was produced in a small amount. It was an electronic TV for receiving a black and white image with mechanical color generation by means of a motor synchronous with the transmitting center with red, blue and green color filters combined on a disk with an electric motor and installed in front of the screen inside the device. In Moscow, special viewings were organized to demonstrate the possibilities of color television in specially created studios. But in 1956, these experiments, as unpromising, were completed.
In January 1960, the first transmission of color television took place in Leningrad from the experimental station of the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications.
In March 1965, an agreement was signed between the USSR and France on cooperation in the field of color television based on the SEKAM system. On June 26, 1966, it was decided to elect the joint Soviet-French color television system SEKAM-111 for implementation in the USSR. The first transmissions on a joint system began in Moscow on October 1, 1967, the release of the first batch of color television sets was timed to coincide with the same time.
November 7, 1967 - on the day of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution - the first color television broadcast from Red Square of the festive parade took place.
By 1970, television receivers with a screen 59 cm diagonal were produced in huge quantities ("Birch", "Cascade", "Ruby", "Tauras", "Temp", "Photon", "Seagull", "Electron"), appeared a portable model that can run on battery power - "Youth-2".
In the late 1980s - early 1990s. in the USSR, 11 million television sets and 6.5 million color kinescopes were produced annually.
In 2006, the volume of production of television sets in the Russian Federation amounted to 4.4 million units, having decreased by 29.9% compared to 2005.
Black and white TVs made in the USSR:
1. "B-2" (Leningrad plant named after Kozitsky, 1934).
2. "TK-1" (1938).
3. "Moskvich T-1" (Moscow Radio Plant, 1947).
5. "Vanguard-55" (Leningrad plant named after Kozitsky, 1955.).
6. "Record" (Alexandrovsky, Baku and Voronezh Radio Plants, 1956).
7. Rubin (Moscow Television Plant, 1956).
8. "Youth-2" (Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, 1969).
9. "Photon-234-1" (Simferopol TV factory named after the 50th anniversary of the USSR, 1988).
Color TVs manufactured in the USSR and the Russian Federation:
1. "Rainbow" (Leningrad plant named after Kozitsky, 1954).
2. "Rubin 51ТЦ-405D" (Moscow software "Rubin", 1986).
3. "Horizon 51TC-404D" (Minsk production association "Horizon", 1987).
4. "Electron 61TTs-451D" (Lviv NPO "Electron", 1990).
5. "Rubin 37S20DVD" (JSC "Moscow Television Plant "Rubin").
R u b and n 4 0 1
this TV, I mean the first Soviet serial color TV was called Rubin 401. My grandmother had one for the whole village. All the people came to watch it in the evening. That was happiness.
The first Soviet color TV had a name Ruby 401. He appeared in 1967. Personally, in our family, as in many others, the Horizont color TV replaced black and white only in the early 1980s.
The first mass-produced color TVs were Rubin 401quot ;. Prior to this, an experimental batch of color TVs was produced at the Leningrad plant, which were called Rainbowquot ;. And mass production of Rubies was established only in 1967.
The name of the first Soviet serial color TV - " RUBY 401" .
The production of these televisions was launched in 1968.
And the very, very first color Soviet TVs were rainbow " .
The first Soviet TV set in 1956 was the TV set Rubin with a screen 43 cm diagonally, which was produced at the Rubin Moscow Television Plant. You can still buy a TV brand Rubinquot ;.
Rainbow it was produced quite serially, and was even on sale (sort of like according to recordsquot ;, or somehow else among organizations distributed). In terms of performance - maybe just lucky, but my parents broke down a couple of times. Here the resource of the cathode ray tube was really not so hot - after three years it already began to sit downquot ;.
Ruby that was the name of the first Soviet color TV. The quality of the picture there was nothing, one name was that it was color, they often broke down, and even then the programs were not all in color. In general, they lived like savages, I remember the film so there people already had TV sets with a remote control, as well as automatic washing machines, and we were building communism.
But they were still in huge deficit for a long time. Then appeared, in my opinion, and Horizons
The first color TVs (it was around 1960) produced at domestic factories in the USSR were Rainbow (they were made in Leningrad) and TVs Temp 22 (they were made in Moscow). They were made in a limited number and they did not go on sale.
Only seven years later, in October 1967, in the USSR, at the Moscow Television Plant, pilot production began, and from January 1968, mass production of color televisions Ruby 401.
The first Soviet serial color TV Ruby 401".
But we were ahead of the planet all in ballet and in outer space! And on the TV it was possible to put on supposedly color film on the screen and four tankers with a dog fought in a rainbow vision. Thanks to the French developers that, thanks to their help, we began to see real color TV in 1967 with such a body coffin like RUBY 401.
This TV is called Ruby 401. To be honest, it’s hard for me to imagine what it looks like, not then I didn’t see this TV.
In my time, there were horizons that were also lamp-like. I am sure of this answer.
The first color TV in the USSR was RUBIN 401 (67 years - pilot production), then RUBIN 401-1 (68 years - serial production). The serial production of these units was carried out by the Moscow Television Plant.
