On May 10, 1932, the first batch of Soviet TV sets was produced in Leningrad at the Komintern plant - 20 test copies of the device called B-2.
This gave rise to the domestic production of television receivers, which had periods of ups and downs, successes and failures. And today we will talk about the 10 most famous, legendary TVs of the Soviet era, some of which are still working for their intended purpose ...
TV set-top box B-2
1. TV B-2 was released even before regular television began in the Soviet Union. It was developed in 1931 by Anton Breitbart, a test batch was released in 1932, mass production began in 1933 and lasted until 1936. 
2. B-2 had a screen 16 by 12 millimeters with a scan of 30 lines and a frequency of 12.5 frames per second. It is now that such dimensions and indicators seem ridiculous, but then the device was considered incredibly modern from a technological point of view.
However, the B-2 was not a television receiver, like the TVs we are used to, but only a prefix that needed to be connected to a medium-wave radio.
KVN-49 
3. In the late thirties - early forties, several models of electronic televisions were produced in the Soviet Union at once, partly under an American license, partly own design, but they never became a mass product - the Great Patriotic War. And the first truly "people's" apparatus was KVN-49. 
4. Became legendary TV was developed at the Leningrad Research Institute of Television by engineers Kenigson, Varshavsky and Nikolaevsky, after whom it got its name. This apparatus was one of the first in the world designed for the decomposition standard 625/50.
KVN-49 was produced in different modifications until 1967, but he is still known to the general public for his unusual appearance (a hinged lens with water or glycerin to enlarge the image) and a popular humorous game named after him.
Rubin-102 
5. In 1957, the era of Soviet televisions under the legendary Rubin brand began. Serial production started this year television receiver Rubin-102, which lasted for 10 years. During this time, more than 1 million 328 thousand of its copies were created. 
6. Rubin-102 could receive 12 TV channels (actually it was much less) and switch to radio waves. It also had jacks for a tape recorder and a pickup.
Rubin-714 
7. But still, the name "Rubin" is associated with us, first of all, with the television receiver Rubin-714. It was not the first Soviet color TV, but it became one of the most massive in the country - for nine years in 1976-1985, 1 million 443 thousand copies were produced, of which 172 thousand were exported. 
8.
Dawn-307 
9. But even these huge figures fade when compared with the number of Rassvet-307 TVs produced. After all, in the entire history of this model and the 307-1 very close to it, 8 (!) Million pieces were produced. 
10. This black-and-white TV began to be produced in 1975, when color TVs had already appeared, and, nevertheless, it still gained immense all-Union popularity. This happened, first of all, due to the high reliability of the device, as well as its low price, compared to non-ferrous competitors.
Record B-312 
11. Another super popular black and white TV that was mass-produced and sold in an era when color receivers were already fully produced. The B-312 record could be purchased in two finishes: wood grain finish with a glossy finish and coated with textured paper. 
12. TV Record B-312 was produced from 1975 to the mid-eighties. He was remembered by people because it was very difficult to turn the toggle switch to switch channels, especially if the handle was lost, and often had to use pliers or pliers for this.
Horizon C-355 
13. And the Horizon Ts-355 TV, produced at the Minsk Radio Plant since 1986, was considered the ultimate dream of a Soviet person. This television set was an incredibly scarce device - people were willing to overpay significant amounts for the right to buy such a device for their home. 
14. The fact is that, unlike other Soviet TVs, Horizon Ts-355 was equipped with a Japanese Toshiba kinescope with a beam deflection angle of 90 degrees. Therefore, the TV did not require additional image adjustment, and was also much more reliable than receivers with domestic components.
Spring-346 
15. Concert Spring from Dnepropetrovsk was considered one of the best Ukrainian factories that were engaged in the production of televisions. The first television set was released there in 1960, but the heyday of the enterprise fell on the seventies and eighties. The most famous and mass-produced product of this manufacturer was the Vesna-346 TV (aka Yantar-346). 
16. TV Vesna-346 has been produced since 1983 and became the last successful model of the Dnepropetrovsk plant - the subsequent ones did not gain much popularity, and in the nineties the enterprise, like many others, could not withstand the competition from foreign technology and suspended production.
Electron Ts-382 
17. Another legendary TV manufacturer in the Ukrainian SSR was the Lvov plant Electron. In the eighties, he released several color TV models popular throughout the Soviet Union at once, the most massive of which is considered to be the Electron Ts-382. 
18. Electron Ts-382 stood out among other Soviet TVs of that era good quality images, high reliability, stylish design and low electricity consumption. Including, thanks to the success of this model, every fourth TV set in the USSR in the eighties was produced by the Electron concert.
The Electron plant still produces televisions under its own brand. True, their popularity is much less than in Soviet times.
peer 
19. The same age - the smallest TV produced in the Soviet Union. This is a portable portable television receiver that could be bought assembled, or in the form of a designer, in order to fold the device yourself according to the instructions. Last option cost 20 rubles cheaper - 100 rubles. 
20. TV The same age had a screen with a diagonal of 8 centimeters and weighed only 1.4 kilograms without a battery.
Despite the fact that the TV is not a luxury item, you need to remember when and by whom it was invented. appearance modern device we owe it to scientists all over the world. Thanks to them, this device has become a familiar thing in every home.
The creation of the TV was preceded by the following important discoveries:
- The physicist Huygens discovered the theory of light waves.
- The scientist Maxwell proved the existence electromagnetic waves.
- Experiments with television systems began to be carried out when the scientist Smith discovered the possibility of changing electrical resistance.
- Alexander Stoletov demonstrated the effect of light on electricity. He developed the "electric eye" - similar to the current photocells.
Together with these studies, scientists around the world studied the effect of light on the chemical composition of elements and discovered the photoelectric effect. People learned that you can see the image using electromagnetic waves, and that this picture is transmitted. By that time, radio had already been invented.
Speaking about who invented the first television, one cannot name only one name, because many people participated in the development and evolution of television. The history of receivers that transmit sound and image begins with the creation of the Nipkow disk, which scans the picture line by line. It was invented by a German technician, Paul Nipkow.
Karl Brown developed the very first kinescope and named it "Brown's Tube". However, this invention was patented and used to transmit pictures not immediately. It took several years for viewers to see a television set with a screen height and width of 3 cm and a frame rate of ten frames per second.
British engineer John Logie Baird invented a mechanical receiver that works without sound. Although the picture was quite clear. Later, the scientist created the Baird company, which for a long time produced televisions on the market in the absence of competition.
Who is considered the creator of the TV
The first television was created thanks to Boris Rosing. Using a cathode ray tube, he received a television picture of points and figures. It was a big step forward, which allowed the appearance of the first electronic television receiver. The beam was scanned in the tube with the help of magnetic fields, the intensity of brightness was regulated by a capacitor.
The work of the physicist was continued by his student Vladimir Zworykin, who in 1932 patented the invented television using electronic technology. It is generally accepted that he created the first television.
The famous engineer was born in the Vladimir province. He studied in Russia, but subsequently emigrated to the United States. Zworykin opened the first station electronic television in the capital by signing an agreement with RCA. He owns more than a hundred patents for various inventions, the scientist has a huge number of awards. He died at the end of the 20th century, after his death, the documentary film "Zvorykin-Muromets" was filmed.
Today in Moscow and Murom one can see commemorative memorials in honor of the "father of television". One of the streets in the city of Gusev and an award for achievement in the television field are named after him.
The advent of television in the USSR
The earliest experience of television broadcasting in the Soviet Union took place in April 1931. Initially, viewings were held collectively in certain places, in each family television receivers began to appear later. The first television set created on the basis of Nipkow's disk was produced by the Komintern plant in Leningrad. The device looked like a set-top box with a 4 by 3 cm screen and was connected to a radio. Inventors Soviet Union began to collect mechanical models devices on their own, and the first televisions appeared in homes. assembly instructions similar TVs in the USSR they were published in the Radiofront magazine.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the first broadcasts of the program with sound appeared. For a long time there was only one channel - the First. During the Second World War, the work of the channel was interrupted. After the end of the war, an electronic television appeared, and the Second Channel soon began broadcasting.
Creating a color TV
Not everyone knows when the first color TVs appeared, which have long been in every family. Attempts to create a device with a color screen were made back in the days of mechanical broadcasting devices. For the first time, Hovhannes Adamyan presented his research in this area; he patented a two-color signal transmission device at the beginning of the 20th century.
If we talk about when the color receiver was invented, then the work of John Logie Baird should be noted. In 1928, he built a receiver that transmitted images in turn using a three-color light filter. He is rightfully considered the creator of color television.
The world's first television with a full color screen was invented by the Americans in the middle of the 20th century. These devices were produced by RCA. Even then they could be freely bought on credit. In the Soviet Union, a color TV was introduced a little later, despite the fact that the development of the device began under Zworykin. It was "Rubin", which later became a mass TV.
There is no single answer to the question “who created the television set”. However, based on prevailing views and available facts, Vladimir Zworykin is considered to be the founder of television. If we talk about what year it was television invented, then it is considered to be 1923, when Zworykin applied for a television patent.
Today, TV is a part of our life and the norm, new models of devices are being created that are completely different from the first TVs. Their screens are measured in tens of centimeters. The quality of broadcasting has greatly increased and has become digital. Over the past 20 years, television has stepped far forward, and, for sure, will continue to develop. And for all this, I must say thanks to the one who invented television.
The idea of transmitting an image haunted people in ancient times. As a confirmation of this statement, it is enough to recall at least the magic mirror of the sorceress Shallot, mentioned in the cycle of legends about King Arthur, or our Russian fabulous bulk apple, which, complete with a plate, served as a kind of TV for Baba Yaga.
But only at the end of the nineteenth century, humanity finally reached such a level of technical development, at which it became possible to translate this idea into reality. Starting from that time, scientific research was carried out for several decades and the basic principles of television broadcasting were developed, and only at the beginning of the forties of the twentieth century did a real breakthrough occur in this area - in 1931 an electronic television tube was patented.
The first black and white TV in the USSR
The first trial image transmission over a distance in the Soviet Union was carried out in 1931, and television broadcasting in our country became regular from March 1939.
The first Soviet image-receiving device was produced in 1932 in Leningrad, at the Komintern radio factory, and it was called B-2 in honor of its inventor A. Ya. Breibart. But the "B-2", equipped with a miniature screen, the size of Matchbox, did not yet have its own decoder, so it was not a full-fledged TV, but just a prefix that had to be connected to a conventional radio.
A few years later, Komintern launched the production of TK-1 TVs, which were not domestically developed - they were produced under an American license. In total, the plant managed to make no more than two thousand such licensed TVs, and then the war stopped the development of domestic television for several years.
The KVN-49 TV set, which was born in the late forties, is rightfully considered the first mass-produced Soviet black-and-white TV set. Its name is an abbreviation made up of capital letters the names of the designers of this people's TV - V. K. Kenigson, N. M. Varshavsky and I. A. Nikolaevsky. In order to meet the growing needs of the population, the country's leadership launched the production of these televisions in three cities at once - Leningrad, Voronezh and Baku.
"KVN-49" took three television channels, had a very voluminous wooden case and small screen, measuring 10 by 14 centimeters, the image on which was best viewed through a special attached lens.
In parallel with the construction of new factories producing various black-and-white televisions, work was underway in the Soviet Union to create color television. Trial color broadcasting has been carried out since 1957. At that time, at the Kozitsky plant (the former Komintern), prototypes of Raduga color TVs were produced, and in 1960 the Moscow Radio Plant manufactured a small batch of Temp-22 color TVs, but neither Rainbow nor "Temp" did not hit.
The first truly popular color TV was released in the USSR in 1967 at the Moscow Radio Plant and it was called Rubin-401.
We briefly told you about the development of television. If you want to know how TVs are made, read our article - in it you will find the answer to this question.
Since March 1934 at the Leningrad plant named after. Kozitsky began to produce the first domestic amateur mechanical tv""B-2"", designed to receive moving images and sound accompaniment at a distance (by radio or wires), carried out as a result of using the photoelectric effect. The size of the visible part of the screen with a magnifying lens was 3 by 4 cm. Nice results received only upon admission. simple images(for example, animations). The brightness of the image was determined by the strength of the reception, that is, the power of the transmitting station, the distance from it, the quality of the receiving antenna, etc.
In 1933-1936. more than 3 thousand such TVs were produced.
In 1938, the first experimental television centers in Moscow and Leningrad. Decomposition transmitted image in Moscow there were 343 lines, and in Leningrad - 240 lines at 25 frames per second. Then - in 1938 - began serial production console receivers for 343 lines "TK-1" with a screen size of 14 by 18 cm.
In the second half of the 1940s. The decomposition of the image transmitted by the Moscow and Leningrad centers was increased to 625 lines, which significantly improved the quality of television broadcasts.
Since 1948, televisions of the KVN-49 series have been produced, hallmark which was the presence of a glass lens in front of the screen that enlarged the image.
In 1957, the number of television sets in the USSR exceeded 1 million. The most popular was the television set with an unprecedented screen size of 35 cm diagonally ("Record", "Start"). More affluent families could now afford "Ruby" or "Temp" with a screen size of 43 cm diagonally. "Yantar" (53 cm) began to be produced in small quantities.
The rapid growth of the transmitting and receiving television network began in the mid-1950s. If in 1953 only three television centers were operating, then in 1960 there were already 100 powerful television stations and 170 low-power relay stations, and by the end of 1970 there were up to 300 powerful and about 1000 low-power television stations. On November 4, 1967, the All-Union Radio and Television Transmitting Station of the USSR Ministry of Communications was put into operation.
Since the spring of 1954, in Leningrad, for experiments on the introduction of color television, an experimental television receiver "Rainbow" was produced in a small amount. It was an electronic TV for reception black and white image with mechanical color production by means of a motor rotating synchronously with the transmitting center with light filters of red, blue and green colors, combined on a disk with an electric motor and installed in front of the screen inside the apparatus. In Moscow, special viewings were organized to demonstrate the possibilities of color television in specially created studios. But in 1956, these experiments, as unpromising, were completed.
In January 1960, the first transmission of color television took place in Leningrad from the experimental station of the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications.
In March 1965, an agreement was signed between the USSR and France on cooperation in the field of color television based on the SEKAM system. On June 26, 1966, it was decided to elect the joint Soviet-French color television system SEKAM-111 for implementation in the USSR. The first transmissions on a joint system began in Moscow on October 1, 1967, the release of the first batch of color television sets was timed to coincide with the same time.
November 7, 1967 - on the day of the 50th anniversary October revolution- the first color television broadcast from the Red Square of the festive parade took place.
By 1970, television receivers with a screen of 59 cm diagonally were produced in huge quantities("Birch", "Cascade", "Ruby", "Tauras", "Temp", "Photon", "Seagull", "Electron"), a portable model appeared, capable of running on battery power - "Youth-2".
In the late 1980s - early 1990s. in the USSR, 11 million television sets and 6.5 million color kinescopes were produced annually.
In 2006, the volume of production of television sets in the Russian Federation amounted to 4.4 million units, having decreased by 29.9% compared to 2005.
Black and white TVs made in the USSR:
1. "B-2" (Leningrad plant named after Kozitsky, 1934).
2. "TK-1" (1938).
3. "Moskvich T-1" (Moscow Radio Plant, 1947).
5. "Vanguard-55" (Leningrad plant named after Kozitsky, 1955.).
6. "Record" (Alexandrovsky, Baku and Voronezh Radio Plants, 1956).
7. Rubin (Moscow Television Plant, 1956).
8. "Youth-2" (Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, 1969).
9. "Photon-234-1" (Simferopol TV factory named after the 50th anniversary of the USSR, 1988).
Color TVs manufactured in the USSR and the Russian Federation:
1. "Rainbow" (Leningrad plant named after Kozitsky, 1954).
2. "Rubin 51ТЦ-405D" (Moscow software "Rubin", 1986).
3. "Horizon 51TC-404D" (Minsk production association "Horizon", 1987).
4. "Electron 61TTs-451D" (Lviv NPO "Electron", 1990).
5. "Rubin 37S20DVD" (JSC "Moscow Television Plant "Rubin").
annual event Earth Hour is a campaign organized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to limit consumption electrical energy for 1 hour on one of the days of the end of March.The Earth Hour was first held in 2007 in Sydney (Australia), and since then every year the number of countries and cities participating in the environmental event has only increased.
More than 7000 cities and towns plan to take part in the Earth Hour 2019 campaign settlements(with a population of more than 2 billion people), located in 188 countries of the world. Of course, Russian cities, including Moscow and St. Petersburg, will be among them.
If you are not indifferent to the fate of the planet and you decide to join this action, then in specified time turn off the lighting in accessible rooms and disconnect from the mains electrical devices not related to life support.
What date and time will Earth Hour 2019 be held:
Traditionally, the event is held last Saturday in March, except in those years when the last Saturday in March comes before Easter.Earth Hour 2019 scheduled for Saturday March 30, 2019. Promotion starts at 20:30 local time and lasts for an hour, until 21:30.
That is, the action Earth Hour 2019:
* Date - March 30, 2019
* The time of the event is from 20:30 to 21:30.
March 18 in Crimea is a day off or a working day:
According to the above laws, in the territory of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol the date "March 18" is a non-working holiday, an additional day off.That is:
* March 18 in the Crimea and the city of Sevastopol is a day off.
If March 18 falls on a holiday (as happens in 2023, for example), the holiday is moved to the next business day.
If the holiday date coincides with the annual paid vacation, March 18 is not included in the number of calendar days of vacation, but extends it.
Is March 17 a shortened working day:
If the calendar date March 17 falls on a working day, then the duration of work on this day is reduced by 1 hour.This norm is established in the 95th article of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and applies to working days preceding, among other things, regional holidays.
When the closing of the Universiade 2019 in Krasnoyarsk:
We have already said that the 29th Winter Universiade will be held in the very center of Russia - the city of Krasnoyarsk, from March 2 to March 12, 2019.Sports event ends on Tuesday 12 March 2019 colorful Closing Ceremony directed by Ilya Averbukh, which will last more than three hours.
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What time will the Closing Ceremony of the Universiade 2019 start, where to watch:
Start of the Closing Ceremony of the Universiade 2019 - 20:00 local time, or 16:00 Moscow time .V live the show will show federal TV channel "Match!" . The start of the live television broadcast is 15:55 Moscow time.
Also live broadcast will be available on the channel "Match! Country".
On the Internet, a live online broadcast of the event can be launched on the Sportbox portal.
On the first calendar day of Spring.
That is, Maslenitsa in 2020:
* Begins - March 24, 2020
*Ends - March 1, 2020
The first day of Maslenitsa (Monday - "Meeting") in the 20th year is located after the Russian public holiday - Defender of the Fatherland Day, and in the case of a standard transfer, it will be a day off.
It is symbolic that the final day of Pancake week (in 2020 - March 1, 2020) falls on the first day of Spring. After all, it is on the seventh day of the celebration, on Sunday, at sunset, that a straw effigy of Maslenitsa is burned, which in folk tradition symbolizes the transformation of an obsolete winter into a beautiful Spring.
