AutoCAD users are accustomed to the viewport shape being a rectangle. There is a great opportunity to make the shape of the viewport arbitrary.
For example, let's make a remote element that will show the welded joint in the drawing on an enlarged scale.
To do this, use the command _vports We create a regular rectangular viewport, adjust it to the desired position of the model, set the scale and lock it.
In the first case, we draw some object in paper space above the viewport, such as a circle. We select it as an object for cropping, as a result of which the viewport automatically acquires boundaries corresponding to the contour of the circle.
If we select a polygonal viewport border, we can actually construct it not only from a polyline, but also from circular arcs. This way you can get a beautiful curved border of the extension view, which can be edited using the “handles” like a polyline. Choose what you like best. Of course, the method with a secant circle is much faster :)
In most cases, the border of the image of the extension element according to the ESKD should not be closed. The outline of a curved viewport can be trimmed with the command _trim along secant lines drawn in appropriate places on top of the viewport.
The compromise between compliance with design standards, convenience and speed of work is up to you.
I wish everyone correct and beautiful drawings!
Finally, all we have to do is resize the viewport so that the drawing occupies the entire available area of the layout sheet. In addition, we will be faced with the need to adjust the scale of the drawing, since after the automatic creation of the layout it remains arbitrary, and not 1:10, as indicated in the title block.
1. Click the rectangle that marks the viewport boundaries. Selection handles will appear at the corners of this rectangle, just like when you select a regular AutoCAD object.
2. Click on the indicator button BINDING in the status bar, or simply press F3 to turn off all persistent object snap modes.
3. Click on the top right selection handle to select it and enter Handle Editing mode.
4. Move the crosshair pointer to the right and up, as close to the upper right corner of the frame as possible. Because the current mode for editing with markers will be Stretching, AutoCAD will accompany the movement of the crosshair pointer with a “rubber line”. With the crosshair pointer at the desired point, click to enlarge the viewport to the right and up to the desired point.
5. Select the bottom left selection handle, and then in Stretching stretch the viewport outline to the left and down, as shown in Fig. 13.14.
Rice. 13.14 Changing the viewport size in mode Stretching editing using selection handles
6. Deselect the viewport by pressing Esc. The viewport dimensions are now only slightly smaller than the layout sheet frame dimensions. If you noticed, the viewport is on the Frame layer. It makes sense to place it on its own layer, and also to make the viewport border more visible, as a reminder that the corresponding rectangle is not part of the drawing and does not need to be printed.
7. Create a new layer Viewport with a color index of 220. (The color can be any, the main thing is that it stands out well in the drawing area.) There is no need to assign a new layer to the current one.
8. Click on the viewport to select it again, then open the palette Properties, using the button Properties Standard toolbar or by selecting the appropriate command from the context menu or in any other way convenient for you.
9. Make sure that in the list at the top of the palette Properties, type selected Viewport. Then click on the CkjqLayer property and select the newly created Viewport layer from the list of layers (Figure 13.15).
Rice. 13.15 Assigning a Viewport layer to a viewport using the palette Properties
11. Switch from mode Sheet to mode MODEL by clicking on the status bar indicator button.
Advice. If you prefer to work in a command window, you can switch to SHEET enter the command in the command window Sheet or simply L, and to switch to mode MODEL– team Model or simply M.
12. To change the scale accurately, as you may remember from the first chapters of the book, it is best to use the tool Decrease or Increase in the command version Show command window. So enter in the command window By, and then a scale factor of 0.1xp (that is, set the scale to 1:10). The image scale on the layout sheet will change.
Note. Suffix x after the scale factor value indicates that the new scale needs to be set relative to the current drawing scale, and the suffix xp– that the new scale must be set relative to the units of measurement set for the layout sheet.
13. If necessary, adjust with a tool Real-time panning location of the drawing.
14. Return to mode again SHEET. Make sure the Frame layer is current and freeze the Viewport layer. So, we received a drawing that is practically no different from what the original drawing looked like (see Fig. 13.1), but now the frame and title block are made on the layout sheet at a scale of 1:1 (Fig. 13.16)
Rice. 13.16 Creation of drawing design elements on the layout sheet is completed
15. Save the current state of the drawing to the Work131.dwg file.
To create a viewport in AutoCAD is to truly feel and use this design drawing program, understand it and use all its capabilities. This conclusion is 100% correct, especially if you use and understand the essence of this tool not only in the “Model” mode, but also in the “Sheet” mode. And the essence of viewports (VE) lies on the surface.
- floating, after creation they can be moved around the sheet;
- resizable, after creation their sizes can be changed arbitrarily;
- overlapped, they can overlap each other.
In addition, VE in “Sheet” mode:
- can have any shape;
- can be created from previously created objects, also of any shape.
Here, too, initially the developer is provided with one VE for the entire sheet, in which the entire drawing is displayed. But:
- The size and position of this area (more precisely, in this mode, these objects can be called print areas, this more accurately reflects their essence) can be changed by clicking the mouse once (this is important, make no mistake!) inside the area. In this case, the border of the area will become dotted, and dimensional markers will appear at the corners; with their help, you can drag the window itself.
- Please note that if there is a need to change the visibility point of the drawing in such a window, then you need to start working with it. When we click “inside” with the mouse twice, the border takes on the appearance of a thick line. Now, using the usual moving tool - “Pan Realtime”, you can move the drawing in the window.
- To change the scale of the drawing in the window, you can use the “Scale” command on the “Viewports” panel (it is already active in this mode).
When working with VE in “Sheet” we mean that:
- There can be as many viewports as you like - each selection simply adds one, two, three, or even four new ones.
- Using the “Polygonal Viewport” command in the “Viewports” panel, you can create viewing areas of any shape, as long as the outline of the new area is closed.
- Using the “Convert Object to Viewport” command, you can create a VE from any previously created object with a closed contour - from an ellipse, circle, polyhedron, etc. The techniques and tools for creating these objects in the “Sheet” are similar to the techniques and tools from the “Model” .
- Removing a VE (again, more precisely, an area of a drawing for printing) is done by selecting it and pressing the Del key - a common method of working with objects in AutoCAD.
Please note that if you need to go to work with the sheet as a whole, then you need to exit the working VE - cancel its bold border. To do this, just double-click on the mouse outside the working VE.
Nuances of work depending on AutoCAD versions
VE is a developer tool that is constantly subject to modifications by the program creators. For example, the latest versions give everyone a so-called “view cube”. It allows you to quickly adjust the viewing direction - right, left, top, bottom, isometric.
Some versions give each object a tool for panning and quickly changing the scale - the “steering wheel”.
The idea of viewports is simply irreplaceable for designing complex drawings. The more you come into contact with this idea, the more you will like it. There is only one thing that can spoil your mood: the small size of your monitor. On “17 inches” it is already very difficult to use viewports in their full glory, it’s just that the monitor is “not rubber” and everything doesn’t fit. But there's nothing you can do about it. It has long been noted that AutoCAD is for monitors of 21 inches and larger!
Hello my dear friend!
In this video we will figure out how to create a viewport, how to change it, rotate it, and set the scale.
From the video you will learn:
– How to add a viewport to AutoCAD
– How to change the viewport
– How to configure viewports on a sheet in AutoCAD
– How to set the viewport scale
– How to remove the viewport frame in AutoCAD
Video version of the lesson:
Text version of the lesson:
Greetings! Today we will learn about how to create and use Viewports in AutoCAD.
Follow the step-by-step instructions and you will definitely succeed!
Step 1. You should start with the fact that by default, when you go to the “sheets” tab, there is an already created viewport in AutoCAD. In our case (see screenshot below) we have already added a frame.
Step 2. An existing viewport can be deleted or resized. To do this, you need to select the outer frame and use the blue handles to change the size to the desired size. If you want to delete it, select the frame and press the DELETE button.
Step 3. Now, let's learn how to add new ones viewports on . To do this, go to the SHEET tab and select RECTANGULAR viewport.
Step 4. Now, we need to define two opposite points to create a rectangular viewport.
When you do this, you will end up with a rectangular viewport (see screenshot below).
Step 5. In addition to a rectangular viewport, you can also specify a polygonal one. To do this, select “ POLYGONAL“.
Step 5.1. Using the “Polygonal” command we create borders new viewport.
By creating the outline, we will get a new viewport as shown below.
Step 6. For editing viewport, you need to select the outer frame and mix the blue handle or handles (if you select two of them at once on one side of the rectangle). This way you change the size of the screen itself.
The result of resizing the viewport using grips. The main thing to remember is that to change the size you only need to select the outer frame and pull the blue handle in the desired direction. If you select two handles at once, the size will change slightly differently. I recommend practicing.
Step 7 Now let's learn how to turn viewport. This is done very simply. To do this, simply select the outer contour of the frame, right-click and select “rotate” from the list. Then, by selecting a base point (for example, one of the four points of the viewport frame), we rotate the screen relative to the selected point. (see screenshots below).
Rotation result viewport relative to the base point. The frame can be rotated to any angle.
Step 8 Let's learn how to set the viewport scale. Before this, you need to activate it; to do this, you need to left-click inside the frame itself twice. If the outline of the frame becomes blacker and thicker, then everything was done correctly. (see screenshot below).
Step 8.1. In activation mode viewport, we can move around the model space. This way we can find the drawing we need. Now we will simply center the drawing and set the scale of this very view. Our goal is to fit the entire drawing that we selected in activation mode into the given viewport size. To do this, click on the scale tab and set M 1:50 for example.
Interval. As we see, this is not enough. Change to scale 1:100.
Result. As you can see, by choosing a scale of 1:100 we will insert our drawing into the viewport frame. Now you can center it. To do this, hold down the mouse wheel (click on it) and a hand will appear. With the help of our hands we can make adjustments and place the drawing as we need. (see screenshots).
For decontamination viewport just double-click with the left mouse button outside the frame, anywhere.
Step 9 All we have to do is find out how to prevent the viewport frame from printing. Those. make sure that when printing a drawing, the outline of the viewport frame itself is not displayed on a sheet of paper, yes, this also happens and it is very unpleasant when, along with your work, you print the frame itself. So now let's learn this too. And it's very easy to do!
So, let's highlight our frames.
Then, go to the “HOME” tab, we are interested in the “LAYERS” block. In this block, we need to select the layer that has the “Do not print” option. By default, AutoCAD always has such a layer, it is called defpoints. Therefore, if you have one in the list of layers, just select it. Thus your viewport will be assigned to the “defpoints” layer and will not print. But if you don’t have such a layer, it doesn’t matter, below we will learn how to create a layer for viewports with the “do not print” option.
Step 9.1. To create a “viewport” layer, click on the “layer properties” button on the “layers” block. This will open a new window where you can create a layer and set it to “do not print.”
Create a layer and give it the “do not print” property, the crossed out printer icon. When you do it and transfer it view frame on this layer, it will not be printed. In our case, the viewport or VE layer has already been created and has the “do not print” option. (see screenshot below)
Controlling Visibility in Layout Viewports
Freeze Layers in Layout Viewports
An advantage of using sheet viewports is the ability to selectively freeze different layers in any one of the viewports. Visibility settings for new viewports and for new layers can be set by default. As a result, you can view different objects in each of the sheet viewports.
You can freeze or unfreeze layers in the current or subsequent viewport without changing the visibility of layers in other viewports. Frozen layers are invisible, and objects on frozen layers are not displayed, printed, or regenerated. The drawing shows the result of freezing a landscape layer in one of the viewports.
When defrosted, the visibility of the layer is restored. The easiest way to freeze and unfreeze layers in the current viewport is in the Layer Properties Manager.
On the right side of the Layer Properties Manager, select or clear the Frozen on VE check box to freeze one or more layers in the current layout viewport. To display the Frozen on VE column, you must be on the Sheet tab. Make the sheet viewport active by double-clicking on it.
Automatically freeze and thaw layers in new viewports
When you create new sheet viewports, you can automatically freeze specific layers in them. For example, you can hide dimensions by freezing the DIMENSIONS layer for all new viewports. If dimensions must be present on one of the viewports, then the frozen state can be overridden for that viewport. Turning layer freeze on or off for new viewports does not change the visibility of layers in existing viewports.
Create new layers frozen in all viewports
You can create layers that will be frozen in all existing and newly created layout viewports. These layers can later be unfrozen in specific viewports. This way you can quickly create a new layer that you want to be visible in only one viewport.
Freeze or unfreeze layers in the current layout viewport
1. Double-click on the sheet viewport to set it as the current sheet.
3. In the Layer Properties Manager window, select the layers that need to be frozen or unfrozen.
4. Click the icon in the VE Frozen column for one of the selected layers.
5. Click OK.
LAYER
View a list of layers frozen on the current screen
2. Double-click on the sheet viewport to set it as the current sheet.
4. In the VE Frozen column of the Layer Properties Manager, look at the icon indicating the frozen/thawed state of the layer in the current viewport.
5. Click OK.
LAYER, LAYER
Freeze or unfreeze layers in all viewports
1. Go to the sheet layout tab.
2. Select the "Format"? "Layer" menu.
3. In the Layer Properties Manager window, select one or more layers that need to be frozen or unfrozen.
To select multiple layers, hold down the CTRL key. To select multiple layers one after another in the list, hold down the SHIFT key.
4. In the Freeze column, click on the Freeze/Thaw icon.
LAYER
Freeze or unfreeze layers in paper space
1. Go to the sheet layout tab.
2. Check that the paper space is active (the status bar should be labeled "SHEET").
3. Select the "Format" menu? "Layer".
4. In the Layer Properties Manager window, select the layers that need to be frozen or unfrozen.
5. In the Freeze column, click the icon to freeze or thaw the layer. The sun icon means the layer is unfrozen; icon with a snowflake - the layer is frozen.
6. Click "OK".
LAYER
Freeze or unfreeze layers in new viewports
1. Go to the sheet layout tab.
2. Select the "Format"? "Layer" menu.
3. In the Layer Properties Manager window, select the layers that you want to freeze or unfreeze in new viewports.
To select multiple layers, hold down the CTRL key. To select multiple layers one after another in the list, hold down the SHIFT key.
4. In the "Frozen on new EVs" column, click the icon to change the layer state. The sun icon means the layer is unfrozen; icon with a snowflake - the layer is frozen.
5. Click "OK".
LAYER
Create new layers frozen in all viewports
1. Go to the sheet layout tab.
2. Select the "Format"? "Layer" menu.
3. Click the "New" button and create a layer.
4. Enter a new layer name.
5. In the Freeze column, click the icon to change the layer's state to frozen. The sun icon means the layer is unfrozen; icon with a snowflake - the layer is frozen.
6. Click "OK".
LAYER, LAYER
Quick reference
Teams
LAYER
Managing layers and their properties
LAYER
Control layer visibility for individual viewports
System Variables
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Utilities
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Keywords for commands
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Change the light intensity of objects in worksheet viewports
Intensity controls the amount of ink used to print an object. This allows objects to be represented on screen and on paper in different shades of gray without changing their color properties.
To assign an intensity value to an object, you must assign it a print type and then an output intensity value for that style.
The intensity value ranges from 0 to 100. The default value is 100, which is full intensity. An intensity value of 0 corresponds to a white output.
See also:
Setting options for printing objects
Set the display intensity of objects in a sheet viewport
1. Select the "File" menu? "Print Style Manager".
2. Right-click on the CTB or STB file. Click "Open".
3. On the "Card" tab of the Print Style Table Editor, select a style to edit.
4. In the "Intensity" parameter field, enter a value from 1 to 100.
5. Click the "Accept" button.
6. On the sheet, select the "File" menu? "Sheet Options".
7. In the Sheet Settings Manager dialog box, click the Edit button. In the Sheet Options dialog box that opens, select the edited plot style from the Plot Style Table list.
8. Double-click the mouse button on the sheet viewport containing the objects whose intensity you want to change.
9. Select the objects whose print style you want to change.
10. Right-click in the drawing area and select “Properties” from the context menu.
11. In the “Properties” palette, use one of the following techniques:
When using named plot style tables, set the Plot Style property to the edited plot style. If this print style is not in the list, select "Other" and set the current table to the table that contains the previously edited print style. In the Select Plot Style dialog box, select the desired plot style from the Plot Styles list.
When using color-dependent plot style tables, set the "Color" property to the color for which the plot style was edited.
Quick reference
Teams
PARAMLIST
OKNOSV
System Variables
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Utilities
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Keywords for commands
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Turn worksheet viewports on or off
Disabling some worksheet viewports or limiting the number of active viewports can save time.
A large number of active viewports can slow down the system because significant time is spent regenerating images. Disabling some worksheet viewports or limiting the number of active viewports can save time. The following illustration shows the result of disabling two viewports.
Newly created viewports are enabled by default. By turning off the visibility of viewports that are not currently in use, you can move and resize viewports without wasting time waiting for regeneration to complete.
In addition, the viewport can be disabled if it is not intended to be plotted on the plotter.
Turn viewports on or off using the Properties panel
1. Go to the "Sheet" tab in paper space.
2. Select the viewport border you want to turn on or off.
3. Right-click and select “Properties” from the context menu.
4. On the Properties palette, in the Miscellaneous group, select the On property and set it to Yes or No.
To change the properties of a non-rectangular viewport, in the Properties palette, first select Viewport (1) from the list that displays All (2).
Standard
PROPERTIES
Select the viewport and right-click in the drawing area.
Select "Visibility of objects on VScreens" in the context menu.
Quick reference
Teams
SVID
Create and manage viewports in sheets
PARAMLIST
Control layout options, print device, paper size, and other settings for each new sheet
OKNOSV
Managing object properties
VECRAN
Creates multiple viewports in model space and paper space.
System Variables
MAHASTVP
Sets the maximum number of viewports that can be active at the same time
Utilities
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Keywords for commands
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There are several ways to control the visibility of objects in a viewport. They can be used to reduce the number of screen updates and to highlight or hide various elements of a drawing.
