The USB interface is widely used in modern electronic devices. Almost all mobile devices have a micro or mini USB connector. If the connector stops working, then in order to repair it, you need to know the micro-USB pinout. The situation is complicated by the fact that many gadget manufacturers perform pin wiring in their own way. Having studied the possible pinout options, you can cope with the problem.
Purpose and types
The USB connector has a good range of functions. With its help, you can not only transfer large amounts of information at high speed, but also provide the device with power. The new interface quickly replaced old ports on computers, for example, PS / 2. Now all the peripherals are connected to the PC using the YUSB ports.
To date, 3 versions of the USB connector have been created:
Pinout features
When talking about the pinout of the USB connector, you need to understand the designations indicated on the diagrams. It's worth starting with the type of connector - active (type A) or passive (type B). With the help of the active connector, information can be exchanged in two directions, and the passive one allows only to receive it. You should also distinguish between two forms of the connector:
- F is "mom".
- M is for "dad".
In this matter, everything should be clear and without explanation.
USB standard connector
First, a few words must be said about the compatibility of the three versions of the interface. Standards 1.1 and 2.0 are completely similar in design and differ only in the speed of information transfer. If one of the parties in the connection has an older version, then the work will be carried out at a low speed. In this case, the OS will display the following message:"This device is able to work faster."
With 3.0 and 2.0 compatibility, things are a little more complicated. A device or cable of the second version can be connected to a new connector, and backward compatibility exists only for active connectors of type A. It should be noted that the YUSB interface allows you to supply a voltage of 5 V to the connected gadget with a current of no more than 0.5 A. For the USB 2.0 standard, the color pinouts from left to right are as follows:
- Red - DC 5V positive contact.
- White is data-.
- Green - data +.
- Black - common wire or "ground".
The connector layout is simple enough that it will be easy to repair if necessary. Since the number of contacts has increased in version 3.0, its pinout differs from the previous standard. Thus, the color scheme of contacts is as follows:
Micro and mini connectors
Connectors of this form factor have five contacts, one of which is not always involved. The green, black, red and white conductors perform similar functions to USB 2.0. The mini-USB pinout matches the micro-USB pinout. In type A connectors, the purple conductor is shorted to the black one, and in passive ones it is not used.
These connectors have appeared due to the entry into the market of a large number of small-sized devices. Since they are outwardly similar, users often have doubts about whether the connector belongs to one form factor or another. In addition to some difference in size, the micro-YUSB has latches on the back side.
The miniaturization of the connector has a negative impact on reliability. Although mini-USB has a large resource, after a fairly short time interval, it begins to dangle, but at the same time it does not fall out of the nest. Micro-USB is a modified version of mini-USB. Thanks to the improved fastening, it turned out to be more reliable. Since 2011, this connector has become the unified standard for charging all mobile devices.
However, manufacturers are making some changes to the schema. So, the pinout of the micro-USB connector for iPhone charging involves two changes compared to the standard one. In these devices, the red and white wires are connected to the black one through a resistance of 50 kOhm, and to the white one - 75 kOhm. There are also differences from the standard in Samsung Galaxy smartphones. In it, the white and green conductors are closed, and the 5th contact is connected to 4 using a 200 kΩ resistor.
Knowing the pinout of the various types of USB connectors can help you find and fix the problem. Most often this is required in a situation where the "native" charger has failed, but the user has a power supply from a smartphone from another manufacturer.
The USB interface began to be widely used about 20 years ago, to be precise, in the spring of 1997. It was then that the universal serial bus was implemented in hardware on many motherboards in personal computers. At the moment, this type of connection of peripherals to a PC is a standard, versions have been released that significantly increase the speed of data exchange, new types of connectors have appeared. Let's try to understand the specifications, pinouts and other USB features.
What are the benefits of Universal Serial Bus?
The introduction of this connection method made it possible:
- Quickly connect various peripheral devices to your PC, from the keyboard to external disk drives.
- Fully use the "Plug & Play" technology, which simplified the connection and configuration of peripherals.
- Rejection of a number of outdated interfaces, which had a positive effect on the functionality of computing systems.
- The bus allows not only data transmission, but also power supply of connected devices, with a load current limitation of 0.5 and 0.9 A for the old and new generation. This made it possible to use USB to charge phones, as well as connect various gadgets (mini fans, lights, etc.).
- It became possible to manufacture mobile controllers, for example, an RJ-45 USB network card, electronic keys for entering and exiting the system
Types of USB connectors - the main differences and features
There are three specifications (versions) of this type of connection that are partially compatible with each other:
- The very first version, which became widespread - v 1. It is an improved modification of the previous version (1.0), which practically did not leave the prototype phase due to serious errors in the data transfer protocol. This specification has the following characteristics:
- Dual-mode data transfer at high and low speeds (12.0 and 1.50 Mbps, respectively).
- The ability to connect more than a hundred different devices (including hubs).
- The maximum cord length is 3.0 and 5.0 m for high and low exchange rates, respectively.
- The rated bus voltage is 5.0 V, the permissible load current of the connected equipment is 0.5 A.
Today this standard is practically not used due to its low bandwidth.
- The currently dominant second specification .. This standard is fully compatible with the previous modification. A distinctive feature is the presence of a high-speed data exchange protocol (up to 480.0 Mbps).
Due to full hardware compatibility with the junior version, peripheral devices of this standard can be connected to the previous modification. True, this will reduce the throughput by up to 35-40 times, and in some cases even more.
Since there is full compatibility between these versions, their cables and connectors are identical.
Note that, despite the bandwidth indicated in the specification, the real data exchange rate in the second generation is slightly lower (about 30-35 MB per second). This is due to the peculiarity of the protocol implementation, which leads to delays between data packets. Since the read speed of modern drives is four times higher than the bandwidth of the second modification, that is, it did not meet the current requirements.
- The 3rd generation universal bus was specially designed to solve the problem of insufficient bandwidth. According to the specification, this modification is capable of exchanging information at a speed of 5.0 Gbps, which is almost three times higher than the read speed of modern drives. Plugs and sockets of the latest modification are usually marked with blue to facilitate identification of the belonging to this specification.
Another feature of the third generation is an increase in the rated current up to 0.9 A, which allows powering a number of devices and eliminating the need for separate power supplies for them.
As for compatibility with the previous version, it has been partially implemented; details will be described below.
Classification and pinout
Connectors are usually classified by types, there are only two of them:
Note that such convectors are only compatible between earlier modifications.
In addition, there are extension cords for the ports of this interface. At one end of them there is a type A plug, and at the second there is a socket for it, that is, in fact, a "mom" - "dad" connection. Such cords can be very useful, for example, to connect a USB flash drive without getting under the table to the system unit.
Now let's look at how the contacts are wired for each of the types listed above.
Pinout usb 2.0 connector (types A and B)
Since the physical plugs and sockets of the earlier versions 1.1 and 2.0 do not differ from each other, we will show the wiring of the latter.
Figure 6. Wiring of the plug and socket of the type A connector Designation:
- A - nest.
- B - plug.
- 1 - power supply +5.0 V.
- 2 and 3 signal wires.
- 4 - mass.
In the figure, the coloring of the contacts is given by the colors of the wire, and corresponds to the accepted specification.
Now let's look at the wiring of the classic socket B.
Designation:
- A is a plug that connects to a socket on peripheral devices.
- B is a socket on a peripheral device.
- 1 - power contact (+5 V).
- 2 and 3 - signal contacts.
- 4 - contact of the wire "mass".
The colors of the contacts correspond to the accepted coloring of the wires in the cord.
USB 3.0 pinout (types A and B)
In the third generation, peripheral devices are connected via 10 (9, if there is no braided shield) wires, respectively, the number of contacts is also increased. But they are positioned in such a way that it was possible to connect devices of earlier generations. That is, the +5.0 V, GND, D + and D- pins are located the same as in the previous version. The wiring of the type A socket is shown in the figure below.
Figure 8. Pinout of the Type A connector in USB 3.0 Designation:
- A - plug.
- B - nest.
- 1, 2, 3, 4 - the connectors fully correspond to the pinout of the plug for version 2.0 (see B in Fig. 6), the colors of the wires also match.
- 5 (SS_TX-) and 6 (SS_TX +) connectors for SUPER_SPEED data transmission.
- 7 - ground (GND) for signal wires.
- 8 (SS_RX-) and 9 (SS_RX +) connectors for receiving data using the SUPER_SPEED protocol.
The colors in the illustration correspond to those generally accepted for this standard.
As mentioned above, an earlier plug can be inserted into the socket of this port, respectively, the throughput will decrease. As for the third-generation universal bus plug, it is not possible to fit it into the early release sockets.
Now let's look at the pinout for the type B socket. Unlike the previous type, such a socket is incompatible with any plug of the earlier versions.
Legend:
A and B are plug and socket, respectively.
Digital signatures for contacts correspond to the description for Figure 8.
The color is as close as possible to the color coding of the wires in the cord.
Pinout of micro usb connector
To begin with, we present the wiring for this specification.
As you can see from the figure, this is a 5 pin connection, both in the plug (A) and in the socket (B) there are four pins involved. Their purpose and digital and color designation correspond to the accepted standard, which was given above.
Description of the micro USB connector for version 3.0.
For this connection, a 10 pin connector is used. In fact, it consists of two parts, 5 pin each, and one of them fully corresponds to the previous version of the interface. This implementation is somewhat confusing, especially considering the incompatibility of these types. Probably, the developers planned to make it possible to work with connectors of early modifications, but subsequently abandoned this idea or have not yet implemented it.
The figure shows the pinout of the plug (A) and the appearance of the socket (B) of the micro YUSB.
Pins 1 through 5 fully correspond to the second generation micro-connector, the purpose of other pins is as follows:
- 6 and 7 - data transfer using high-speed protocol (SS_ТХ- and SS_ТХ +, respectively).
- 8 - mass for high-speed information channels.
- 9 and 10 - data reception via high-speed protocol (SS_RX- and SS_RX +, respectively).
Mini USB pinout
This connection option is used only in earlier versions of the interface, in the third generation this type is not used.
As you can see, the wiring of the plug and socket is almost identical to the micro YUSB, respectively, the color scheme of the wires and the contact numbers are also the same. Actually, the differences are only in shape and size.
In this article, we have given only standard types of connections, many digital equipment manufacturers practice the implementation of their own standards, there you can find connectors for 7 pin, 8 pin, etc. This introduces certain difficulties, especially when the question arises of finding a charger for a mobile phone. It should also be noted that manufacturers of such "exclusive" products are in no hurry to tell how the USB pinout is made in such contactors. But, as a rule, this information is easy to find on thematic forums.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) wiring diagram
Wiring diagram for USB connectors
Wiring diagram for USB connectors (cable and device)
Wiring diagram for USB connectors (cable and device)
USB signals are transmitted over two wires (twisted pair) of a shielded four-wire cable.
VBUS - voltage +5 Volt of the power circuit, GND - contact for connecting the "body" of the power circuit. The maximum current consumed by the device via the USB bus power lines must not exceed 500 mA. Data is transferred via pins D- and D + of the USB connector. Differential mode of data transfer is basic for USB.
USB cable connectors
For the USB cable, special USB connectors are used. The USB cable is directional, therefore, for correct connection, USB connectors have different configurations. There are two types of USB connectors: Type A (see Fig. 7. and Fig. 8.) and Type B (see Fig. 9., Fig. 10 and Fig. 11).
Fig. 7. Common USB cable connector Type A
In accordance with the 1.0 specification USB Type A connectors are used for connection "to the host" ie. installed on the side of a controller or USB hub.
Fig. 8. "Branded" USB cable connector Type A
In accordance with the 1.0 specification USB Type B connectors are used for connection "to the device" ie. for connecting peripheral devices.
Fig. 9. Normal USB cable connector Type B. This connector is suitable, for example,
to connect a printer
Fig. 10. Normal USB mini cable Type B
Fig. 11. Micro USB cable connector Type B. In the figure below the USB symbol you can clearly see the designation Type B
Figure 12. and Fig. 13. shows USB cables. These USB cables are equipped with a regular USB Type A cable connector and a USB mini Type B cable connector.
Fig. 12. USB cables are equipped with a regular Type A USB cable connector (left picture) and a Type B USB mini cable connector (right picture). Type B is designated as B
Fig. 13. USB cables are equipped with a regular Type A USB cable connector (left picture) and a Type B USB mini cable connector (right picture). Type B is designated as b
Fig. 14. USB cable equipped with a miniature connector called micro USB
USB supports hot plugging and unplugging of devices. This is achieved by the increased length of the grounding contact of the connector in relation to the signal contacts, see Fig. 15. When the USB connector is connected, the grounding contacts are closed first, the potentials of the two devices' bodies are equalized and further connection of the signal conductors does not lead to overvoltages, even if the devices are powered from different phases of the three-phase power network.
Fig. 15. The length of the grounding contact (in the figure, pin 4 GND is at the top) of the connector is increased in relation to the signal (pin 3 D + in the figure, below) contacts. The top contact is longer than the bottom one. This allows you to connect and disconnect devices without turning off the power (the so-called "hot" plugging and unplugging)
Fig. 15.a. The length of the power contacts of the USB flash card connector (in the figure, the extreme contacts) is increased in relation to the signal (in the figure, the middle contacts) contacts. This allows you to connect and disconnect devices without turning off the power (the so-called "hot" plugging and unplugging)
Mating parts of USB connectors are located on peripheral devices connected via USB, see Fig. 16. and Fig. 17.
Fig. 16. Connector for connecting the USB cable connector. The USB symbol is clearly visible
Fig. 17. Connector for USB mini cable connector Type B
Fig. 18. Comparison of sizes of USB connectors. A regular USB cable connector Type A (in the figure on the left), a USB mini cable connector Type B (in the figure in the center) and a USB micro connector for a Type B cable (in the figure on the right). Type B is designated as B
The universal USB bus is one of the popular personal computer interfaces. It allows you to serially connect various devices (up to 127 units). Also, USB-buses support the function of connecting and disconnecting devices while the personal computer is running. In this case, the devices can receive power directly through the mentioned element, which frees from the need to use additional power supplies. In this article, we'll take a look at what a standard USB pinout is. This information can be useful for self-manufacturing of any USB adapters or devices that receive power through the interface we are considering. In addition, we will analyze what the pinout of micro-USB and, of course, mini-USB is.
Description and pinout of the USB interface
Almost every PC user knows what a USB connector looks like. It is a flat 4-pin Type A interface. The USB female is AF and the male is AM. The USB Type A pinout consists of four pins. The first wire is marked in red and is supplied with a DC voltage of +5 V. It is allowed to supply a maximum current of 500 mA. The second contact - white - is for (D-). The third wire (green) is also used for data transmission (D +). The last contact is marked in black, zero supply voltage is applied to it (common wire).
Type A connectors are considered active, powering the host is connected to them, etc.). Type B connectors are considered passive and are used to connect devices such as printers, scanners, etc. Type B connectors are square with two beveled corners. “Mom” is labeled BF and “Dad” is BM. The USB type B pinout has the same four pins (two at the top and two at the bottom), the purpose is identical to type A.
Wiring micro-USB connectors
Connectors of this type are most often used to connect tablets and smartphones. They are significantly smaller than a standard USB interface. Another feature is the presence of five contacts. The marking of such connectors is as follows: micro-AF (BF) - "mother" and micro-AM (VM) - "father".
Micro USB pinout:
The first contact (red) is designed to supply + 5 V supply voltage;
The second and third wires (white and green) are used for data transmission;
The fourth contact (ID) in type B connectors is not used, but in type A connectors it closes to the common wire to support the OTG function;
The last, fifth, contact (black) - zero supply voltage.
In addition to those listed, the cable may have one more wire used for "shielding"; no number is assigned to it.
Mini USB pinout
Mini USB connectors also contain five pins. These connectors are labeled as follows: mini-AF (BF) - "female" and mini-AM (VM) - "male". Pin assignment is identical to the micro-USB type.
Conclusion
Information on the pinout of wires for USB connectors is very relevant, since this type of interface is used in almost all mobile and desktop devices and gadgets. These connectors are used both for charging the built-in rechargeable batteries and for transferring data.
The USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface has been in active use for 2 decades, and during this time several standards have been created. This first happened in 1997, when a corresponding connector appeared on motherboards. Today we will talk about USB standards and pinout, but first you need to note the benefits tires.
One of the main among them is Plug & Play support. Now, after connecting the device, it is no longer necessary to manually install the necessary drivers and restart the personal computer.
The bus not only allows information to be transmitted, but also provides power to the connected device. As a result Have an opportunity create mobile network and sound cards, as well as other types of controllers.
USB versions
Currently created 3 standards this interface. The main differences between them are not in the pinout of the USB connector, but in the speed of information exchange. At the same time, the compatibility of new versions with previous ones is ensured, which greatly facilitated the life of users.
Type 1.1
This standard is able to provide transmission speed information up to 12 Mb / s. At the time of its creation, it was a good indicator, but still there was a faster interface - IEEE 1394 or FireWire (up to 400 Mb / s), developed by Apple. However, YUSB 1.1 has become quite widespread and has been used for several years.
Among the main features of this specification are:
- The ability to connect more than 100 devices, including hubs.
- Maximum cord length 3 m.
- The bus voltage is 5 V and the load current is 0.5 A.
Type 2.0
With the advent of sophisticated devices such as digital cameras, a need arose for a faster interface. As a result, the USB 2.0 version appeared, which provided information transfer speed up to 480 Mb / s. Availability hardware compatibility with the 1.1 standard allows the use of old devices, but the bus bandwidth in such a situation is sharply reduced.
It should be borne in mind that the actual throughput of YUSB 2.0 was significantly different from that indicated in the specification. This is due to the implementation of the protocol, which allows delays in the transmission of data packets. In recent years, a lot of devices have appeared, for the normal operation of which a large throughput tire.
Type 3.0
This is a new standard that began to be widely adopted in 2010. It allows you to transfer information at a speed of up to 5 Gb / s. Although the pinout of the USB 3.0 connector has some differences from the 2nd version, they are fully compatible. To distinguish between these standards, USB 3.0 sockets and plugs are marked in blue.
There are also certain inconsistencies in the wiring of the connectors. The rated current has been increased to 0.9 A. As a result, the number of peripheral devices has increased that no longer require a separate power supply. They have their own classification and YUSB connectors:
- Type A is intended for connection to a socket installed on a computer motherboard or hub.
- Type B is used in peripheral devices (printers).
Connectors of the second type are rather large and cannot be installed on portable gadgets. To remedy the situation, micro- and mini YUSB standards were created.
Pinout of USB 2.0 connectors (types, A and B)
Since the connectors of the first versions of the universal serial bus do not differ physically, it is enough to know the pinout of the latest standard. The first contact is supplied with 5 V power, and the 2nd and 3rd wires are used to transmit the signal. The pinout of the USB cable by color is as follows:
- 1 - red.
- 2 - white.
- 3 - green.
- 4 - black.
Pinout of the USB 3.0 connector
In the latest version of the standard, instead of 4 pins, 9 is used. The wiring color scheme is shown in the figure and looks like this:
- The assignment of pins 1 to 4 is the same as in the previous version.
- 5-6 and 8-9 wires are used respectively for data transmission / reception using the Super Speed protocol.
- 7 - weight of signal wires.
Type B connectors in version 3.0 are incompatible with previous standards.
The mini-USB pinout is similar to the micro one, but in the third version of the interface, only the connector of the latter type is used. Micro-USB 2.0 has 5 pins, but only 4 pins are used. In the latest version, the number of wires is doubled. Pins 1-5 perform the same functions as in the connectors of the previous standard, and the rest are designed to solve the following tasks:
- 6-7 and 9-10 - respectively, for transmitting / receiving data using a high-speed protocol.
- 8 - ground of information wires.
Micro-USB pinout for charging
Although all mobile gadgets are charged via USB, there is no single standard, and each manufacturer has developed its own circuit. Any power adapter can be used to recharge the battery. For example, in the iPhone, for this you need to connect pins 2, 3 to 4 using a resistor with a nominal resistance of 50 kOhm, and with 5 - 75 kOhm. The main competitor Samsung Galaxy has a simpler micro-USB charging connector pinout. You will need to put a jumper between pins 2 and 3, and connect 4 to 5 with a 200 kΩ resistor.
