Often, when first getting to know a personal computer, the user has a question about what characters are on the keyboard and how to enter them. Within the framework of this article, each group of keys will be described in detail, indicating its purpose. A method for entering non-standard characters using ASCII codes will also be described. Most Interest this material is for those who work with a text editor, for example Microsoft Word or another similar application (OpenOffice Writer).
Function set
Let's start with There are 12 of them on the keyboard. They are located in the top row. Their purpose depends on open application at the current time. Typically, a tooltip is displayed at the bottom of the screen, and these are the most frequently performed operations in this program (for example, creating a directory in Norton Commander is "F7").
Keys and register
A special group of keys are the keys. They control the mode of operation of another part of the keyboard. The first one is " cap lock". It changes the case of letters. By default, lowercase characters are entered. If we press once given key, then when the keys are pressed, they will appear. This is the most simple and convenient way how to put characters on the keyboard with different case. The second key is "Num Lock". It is used to switch the numeric keypad. When it is off, it can be used for navigation. But when you turn it on, it works like a regular calculator. The last key of this group is " scroll lock". It is used in spreadsheet processors. When it is inactive, there is a transition through the cells, and when turned on, the sheet scrolls.
Control
Separately, it is worth considering the control keys. First of all, these are arrows. They move the cursor one position left, right, up, and down. There is also pagination: "PgUp" (page up) and "PgDn" (page down). To go to the beginning of the line, "Home" is used, to the end - "End". Control keys include "Shift", "Alt" and "Ctrl". Their combination switches the keyboard layout (it depends on the settings operating system).
When the "Shift" is pressed, the case of the entered characters is changed and it becomes possible to enter auxiliary characters. For example, let's find out how to type characters on the keyboard from this set. Enter "%". To do this, hold down "Shift" and "5". The set of auxiliary characters depends on the active keyboard layout at the current time. That is, in the English layout, some characters are available, and in the Russian one, others.
Pay attention to the symbols that are on the keyboard. Deleting a character on the left is "Backspace" and on the right is "Del". "Enter" - switch to new line. Another special key is "Tab". In the table, it provides a transition to the next cell, and at the end adds a new line. For text, pressing it results in an "increased" indent between characters. And in file manager pressing it leads to the transition to another panel.
Basic set
The main set depends on the active layout at the current time. It can be Russian or English. Switching between them is carried out using the combinations "Alt" + "Shift" on the left or "Ctrl" + "Shift". The selected combination is determined in the operating system settings. You can find out the active combination by selecting. That is, we press the first of them and look at the state language bar(located in the lower right corner of the screen). If there was a change in language, then this is the combination we need (for example, from “En” to “Ru” or vice versa). The first one is set by default.
The alphabetic characters on the keyboard are located in its central part and are divided into three rows. The more often the symbol is used, the closer it is to the center, the less often, the farther it is from it. That is, the letters are not distributed alphabetically, but according to. At first, it is difficult to get used to this principle of organizing the distribution of characters, but the more you work, the more you get used to it and understand that it is really convenient. Another nuance to take into account. To briefly switch between uppercase and capital letters it is better to use "Shift", and for a long dialing - "Caps Lock".
Numeric keypad
Another mandatory component of such input devices is the numeric keypad. It is located on the right side of it. It has two modes of operation: input and navigation. In the first case, characters are typed on the keyboard (these are numbers and basic mathematical operations). This is convenient when working with a large A in the second version, the keys for moving the cursor and page navigation are duplicated. That is, the arrows for moving the marker, "PgUp", "PgDn", "Home" and "End" - all this is present here.
Switching between them is done using the "Num Lock" key. When it is off (the LED is inactive), navigation works, and when it is turned on, digital dialing works. If necessary, you can install desired mode work after loading personal computer in the BIOS (this is best done by advanced users, as beginners may have problems with this operation).
Punctuation marks
Punctuation marks on the keyboard are mostly concentrated near right key Shift. It's a dot and a comma. Also in the English version of the layout, here is the rest of the characters (colon, question and exclamation marks) are on the main numeric keypad, which is located immediately below function keys. To enter them, briefly hold down "Shift" and with it the corresponding button.
About what is not
But what about the characters that are not on the keyboard? Is there any way to get them? The answer to this question is positive. There are two ways to set such characters. The first one involves the use of text word editor. After launching it, go to the "Insert" toolbar and select the "Symbol" item there. In the list that opens, select "Others". Then a special input window will open. Here, using the navigation keys, we find the desired character and press "Enter".
Additional characters on the keyboard can be typed in another way - using ASCII codes. This works in all Windows applications - a major plus. Its minus is the use of a large code that needs to be remembered. To start, let's find out digital code the sign we need on the official website of Microsoft Corporation or in any other source where there is a corresponding table, and remember it. Then we go to the application we need.
Be sure to turn on "Num Lock", hold down "Alt" and sequentially type the code found in the previous step on the numeric keypad on the right. At the end, you need to release "Alt" and after that the desired character must appear. For example, to enter " ", the combination "Alt" + "9829" is used. It is convenient to use for non-standard
decorations text messages in chat or pages in in social networks. After all, it is much more convenient to remember a non-standard record than a regular one. And this decision just contributes to this.
Results
As part of this material all the characters on the keyboard that exist today have been described. The purpose of all keys is indicated and practical examples work. It also shows a working technique that allows you to go beyond the usual character set using ASCII codes. All this in total will help the novice user to thoroughly understand the operation of the keyboard and understand the basic principles of the functioning of a personal computer.
For most computer programs developed for editing texts, there are special signs or symbols that can be easily inserted into documents using a symbol table or by pressing a combination of the well-known Alt key and a sequence of 10 numbers on Num Lock.
Not all computer users are aware of these functions, but there are often times when the use of such key combinations that are not visible on the keyboard becomes a necessity. In order not to panic, you should read in detail hidden opportunities text editors.
Where can you see special characters?
To view the available permanent use special characters, you need to go to the Start or Start menu, then open the All Programs tab, then Accessories, System Tools, and at the end find the Character Map item and select it.
In the small window that opens, you can see everything Special symbols, there are about three thousand of them. In addition, if necessary, the characters from the designated table can be quickly copied to the clipboard in order to transfer it later to the edited document. In order to carry out this action, you must select the required font, then select the symbol of interest from the list, click on "Copy" or Copy. In the text being edited, you need to place the mouse cursor on the place where you want to put the character, and insert it using the appropriate command Ctrl + V.
Using Alt code
Special characters can also be typed by pressing a few keys on the numeric part keyboard Num Lock, but this is required when holding down the Alt key, located both on the left and on the right side keyboards. To do this, first of all, you need to turn on the numbering mode (press the Num Lock key - the indicator should light up). Then you can safely proceed to the set desired code. While holding the Alt button, you need to enter the code of the desired character on the numeric keypad, consisting of a sequence of several numbers, and then release Alt.
What can knowledge of special characters in Alt-code be useful for?
Your surname or first name will look non-standard if you write them beautiful symbols"to your liking", for example, in social networks such as VKontakte. Euro - € can be distinguished from the most popular signs. In this case, the combination "Alt + 0136" is required. The following character on the keyboard is considered almost indispensable - “paragraph” - § (Alt + 0167).
For website developers, it will be useful to learn how to "make" in text document sign " trademark»: ™. To do this, type "Alt + 0153". There are also other combinations of numbers that are responsible for characters that differ in the English and Russian keyboard layouts. Some of them are unique, so they are available for input through the application of the appropriate
alt code.
Greetings, dear readers! Today I will show you how to type special characters on the keyboard using the Alt key. If you didn’t quite understand what I was talking about from the title of the article, I’ll explain in more detail.
There are symbols that are simply not on the keyboard, but at the same time they can be used quite often (paragraph icon, arrow, suit, heart). The question immediately arises, how to write this or that character, which is not on the keyboard. How to do it and will be discussed in this article.
Here are examples of such characters:
☻☺ ♣♠◘○♀♪♂☼ ↕☼↓→§
Naturally, these are not all symbols, there are many more. Full table with these symbols you can find just below.
And now I will tell you how to print these characters.
So, already from the name it is clear that we will use Alt key! But we need other keys too!
In the picture below you can see all the keys we need and where they are located:
So, to print a particular character, you need to hold down the Alt key and use additional panel with numbers, dial the code of the character we need (character codes can be taken from the table below). Moreover, it is important to follow the sequence, that is, if you first press 1, and then 2, then the symbol with the number 12 will pop up for you, and if you do the opposite: first 2, and then 1, then you will get a completely different symbol with the number 21.
For example, the emoticon code (☺) is 1. So, to print a smiley, you need to press the Alt key and, without releasing it, press "1" in the additional panel with numbers, then you need to release the Alt key and the character will be printed.
To print an arrow (→) with code 26, you need to hold down the Alt key, then alternately press first "2", then "6", and then release the Alt key. The character will be printed immediately.
Here is a table of the most common symbols with their numbers:
This was the easiest way to print these characters, but not the only one.
There is also such a thing as a symbol table. Not, we are talking not about the yellow table above. Every Windows computer has such a "Character Map" application.
This application is located in this location:
This folder contains a lot of system files, among which "charmap". In order not to look for it in that giant list, use the hot combination Ctrl keys+ F and search for "charmap". After starting the application, the following table will open:
You need to find and select the symbol you need, then copy it from the bottom line and paste it in the place you need. Quite convenient too!
Not a single user of a computer or laptop can do without alphabetic characters on the keyboard, entered using the corresponding keys. Almost every key has 2 letters - English at the top and Russian at the bottom, i.e. The keyboard has 26 English letters and 33 Russian letters. And it can be like lower case, and uppercase, which are typed using the Shift key.
There are punctuation marks in both the English and Russian layouts, although they are located in different places on the keyboard. It is convenient when working with Russian text that the dot and comma are the same key, which is located in the bottom row of the last letter keys. Only a comma is printed in combination with the Shift key. And in the English layout, the dot is a key with the Russian letter U, and the comma is B. So, to enter these punctuation marks, you do not need to switch from one font to another.
We use digital signs or numbers not only for calculations, but also in the text to denote various numerical data. In this case, you can use both the upper numeric row of the keyboard, and the additional digital block(small numeric keypad) located on the right side of the keyboard.
The main signs of arithmetic operations (plus "+", minus "-", multiplication "*", division "/"), located on the small numeric keypad by analogy with a familiar calculator, so they are convenient to use in calculations. But if you just need to print the equal sign “=”, and not find out the result of the calculations, then you will not find such a sign there. It is located in the upper number row after the number 0 through one key.
What are the frequently used characters on the keyboard
If you look closely at the keyboard, you can see that many characters are hidden in the number row and on the right side of the letter rows, the last keys. To enter characters when typing instead of letters or numbers, you need to switch uppercase with the Shift key.
If you go in order, starting with the number 1, then in this way, when printing Russian texts, you enter:
1) Exclamation point «!»;
2) opening and closing quotes at the beginning and end of the phrase "...";
3) then, if necessary, the sign of the number "No";
4) semicolon ";";
5) "%";
6) colon ":";
7) question mark "?";
8) the asterisk "*", which is also used as a multiplication sign in computer calculations;
9) round opening "(";
10) round closing bracket ")" on the key with the number 0;
11) a hyphen and a "-" sign - in the computer version they look the same. The dash character (longer) appears automatically with the use of spaces before and after this character in text programs or entered using a special code.
12) the equal sign "=" and the sign "+" in uppercase, i.e. in combination with the Shift key.
It is noteworthy that the exclamation mark, %, *, round brackets are located in both Russian and English keyboard layouts on the same keys.
But some characters exist only in the English layout. For example, square […] and curly (...) brackets, which are on the keys with the Russian letters X (opening) and Ъ (closing), ">" (the key with the Russian letter Yu) and less "Rarely used characters on the keyboard
AT Everyday life ordinary user rarely have to use characters that exist only in the English layout: different variants quotes “…”, ‘…’, `…`, dashes ‘|’, forward ‘/’ and back ‘\’ slashes, tilde ‘~’. But the paragraph sign "§" or the degree "°" would not hurt , but they are not on the keyboard. You have to enter some characters in the text in a different way.
Where is the multiplication sign on the keyboard, division sign, percent, minus, equals, etc. - about these buttons and other functions called by buttons, see here.
The buttons with which we put signs are circled in red. Check out these buttons:
" located on the button where it says "+ and =". You only need to click on this button.
Addition sign- press the same button, but first press the "Shift" button, keep it pressed, then "+".
subtraction sign located on the button located to the left of the "=" button. You only need to click on this button.
multiplication sign located on the button with the number 8. This is an asterisk (*). But first press the "Shift" button, hold it down, then (*).
Division sign is a dash (/). This is the button on the right side of the keyboard, there are 4 dashes with different slopes.
To put the desired dash, press the "Shift" button, hold it down, then "/".
Greater than sign (>)- click on English layout keyboard, press the "Shift" button and, holding it down, press the ">" button. This button is located on the button of the Russian letter "U".
Less-than sign (<)
- set the English layout on the keyboard, press the "Shift" button and, while holding it, press the button of the sign "<" (это русская буква "Б").
But on the laptop there is another numeric keyboard that turns on when you press the "Fn" button, it is circled in yellow.Then the buttons of the signs will be different. It is better not to press this button so as not to get confused.This is for general information if you accidentally press the button.
To call a function, often you need to use a combination of buttons (press not one, but several - 2 or 3 buttons).
First, we press the first button that is indicated in the combination, and while holding it down, we press the next button. Button combinations to presson the English keyboard layout. In parentheses are the buttons on the Russian keyboard layout.
For example, this combination of buttons:ctrl+c (FROM)
". First, press the “Ctrl” button, hold it down, and press the button with the letter “C” (in the Russian layout, this is also the button with the letter “C”). This is a copy function, so first you need to select the fragment that we will copy.
Copybuttons like that. First, put the cursor on the first cell of the range that we will copy. Then press the "Shift" button, and move the cursor to the last cell in the range. That's it, the range is selected.
Other button combinations.
ctrl + X (H)
- cut out.
ctrl + V (M)
- insert
ctrl + Z
- cancel
ctrl + V
- bold font
ctrl + U
- underline
ctrl + I
- italics.
summon context menu You can press the Shift key combination+ F10".
Move through the context menu with the arrows.
Delete button - delete.
In Excel, you can call a function by pressing a function key on your keyboard or by pressing a keyboard shortcut. Read the article about function keys "Hotkeys Excel" .
You can press several keys at the same time, then certain functions are connected. See different keyboard shortcuts in the article "Keyboard shortcut in Excel" .
Keyboard layout laptop, PC can be configured in several languages, except for Russian and English. How to do this, see the article "Keyboard layout".
In Word, some combinations differ from combinations in Excel, for example. functions in Word are different. For keyboard shortcuts in Word, see Word Hotkeys.
How to save a table, read in become "
