Instructions

Change your computer to an English keyboard layout. To do this, press the Alt left + Shift key combination. You can also manually change the language. The current input language is highlighted on the panel in the lower right corner. Move the cursor over it, left-click and select EN - English from the pop-up menu.

If you don't find English in the menu, then you need to install it. Click Start> Control Panel> Regional and Language Options. In the window that opens, select the Language & Keyboard tab> Edit> Add. Click on the "+" next to "English (US)". Check the box next to "USA" (topmost row). Confirm your choice with the "OK" button.

Open the document in which you want to type the dog icon. After translating the keyboard into English, press and hold the Left Shift while pressing the number 2 key. The "@" icon will appear in the desired location.

You can also type this icon from the symbol table. To open it, run: Start> All Programs> Accessories> System Tools> Symbol Map. In the drop-down box on the panel, select the font in which you want to see the written icon. Click on "@", it should appear in the "To copy" window. Confirm your selection by clicking "Copy".

note

English is required for all keyboards, just not always set as one of the input languages. No other layout (German, French, Polish, etc.) has a "dog" symbol.

Sources:

• Education. How to put a dog sign and other symbols
• how to recruit workers

Tip 2: How the @ symbol came to be, and why we call it dog

There are several versions of the origin of this word. The first and most commonplace - the badge, in fact, looks like a curled up into a ball. The second is that the sound of English at is a bit like the intermittent barking of a dog. According to another version, in the @ sign you can see all the letters that enter the "dog". There is also a romantic version, according to which the name "doggy" migrated from the old computer game Adventure. The meaning of the quest was a journey through a fictional computer labyrinth, which was drawn with the symbols "+", "-" and "!", And the monsters opposing the player were designated by letters. Moreover, according to the plot of the game, the player had a faithful assistant - a dog, which, of course, was indicated by the @ sign. However, it is not possible to find out whether this was the root cause of the generally accepted name or whether the game appeared after the word “dog” had already become established.

Tip 9: How to type characters using the additional keyboard

For most programs capable of editing text, there are special characters that can be inserted into a document using a character table or by pressing the Alt key combination and a sequence of numbers on the NUM pad - the so-called Alt code.

Not everyone uses these functions, but there are times when such combinations are necessary. In order not to panic at the moments when it became necessary to put a symbol that is not on the visible keyboard, you should familiarize yourself with the additional capabilities of the computer and text editors.

Where to see the available special characters

To view the special characters available for use, you need to go to the "Start" menu, open "All Programs", "Standard", "System Tools", and select the "Symbol Table" item.

In the window that opens, you can see all the available special characters, there are about three thousand of them. In addition, if necessary, symbols from this table can be copied to the clipboard in order to then transfer them to the edited document. To do this, select the required font, then select the symbol of interest from the table, click the "Copy" button, then in the edited text, place the cursor on the place where the symbol should be, and paste it from the clipboard using the appropriate command or pressing Ctrl + V ...

How to use Alt code

Special characters can be typed by pressing the key sequence on the optional NUM pad while holding down the Alt key.

To do this, turn on the numbering mode by pressing the NumLock key - the NumLock indicator will light up.
After that, you can move on to a set of code. Pressing and holding the Alt key, enter the character code, consisting of a sequence of numbers, on the additional numeric keypad, and release Alt.

What is the knowledge of symbols in Alt-code useful for?

Your name will look very unusual if you write it in beautiful symbols to your taste, for example, on social networks such as VKontakte. Among the most popular signs that can be written in symbols is the euro sign? (Alt + 0136). The next sign - “paragraph” - becomes almost irreplaceable: § (Alt + 0167). An equally popular sign is the infinity sign: ∞ (Alt + 8734). It will be useful for developers of sites and design products to know the "trade mark" sign: ™ (Alt + 0153). It is important to know how you can quickly write the degree sign "°" (Alt + 0176). This symbol is useful for both students and freelancers. And another popular symbol on the web is the copyright sign: © (Alt + 0169). Sign: ± (Alt + 0177). The sign of the registered trademark (service mark): ® (Alt + 0174) will help to emphasize the importance of the brand. Also, many people like to write such symbols and signs on the keyboard: ☺ symbol (Alt + 1), ☻ symbol (Alt + 2), symbol (Alt + 3).

Common smilies and their designation

The author of the first emoticons from symbols is considered to be the American scientist Scott Fahlman, who in 1982 proposed to indicate the seriousness or frivolity of messages on the university bulletin board by combining punctuation marks such as a colon, a dash and a round. :-) and:-(

And even earlier, in 1969, the Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov, then living in the United States, guessed to use the parenthesis as a smile or grief. In his interview with an American magazine, he hinted that it would be nice to come up with a special typographic symbol to denote the author's emotions, then sometimes it would not be necessary to answer stupid questions from journalists.

Punctuation marks on the keyboard are shown in the second row from the top. It is enough to hold down the "Shift" button (in the fifth row from the top, the first button) and select the appropriate character in the row of numbers and symbols.

Modern users of computers and mobile phones have more than 60 emoticons in their arsenal. The most common ways to express emotions are:

:) simple smile
:)) happy smile
:> irony
: D laugh
: (chagrin, sadness
Z: (anger
:,(tears
O_o shock
OO surprise
:-*
C) a smile under sunglasses
:-/ disappointment

O. is used as big eyes. To create a wide smile, press the capital letter "Di" after the colon. To indicate irony, you need to switch to the English layout and select the angle bracket. You can indicate age or belonging to any youth culture. For example, a little girl is given a bow on her head, which is indicated by an eight 8 :-). And punk will draw his distinctive mohawk using the equal sign = :-)

Some people use symbols to paint full-fledged faces. This style of emoji is called Kaomoji or anime. Parentheses are used to denote cheeks, and between them the necessary signs are inserted for a particular emotion. For example: (^_^) means smile, joy, shutting your eyes with pleasure. The cheeks and mouth are typed in the Russian layout, the eyes in English (number 6 with the key held down). If you add \ and / to the face from the sides, you get a man jumping for joy with those raised up.

Symbols can also come in handy for identifying items and gifts. For example, let's say you want to give a rose to the person on the other side of the screen. Most of all, the icon "dog", that is @, looks like a pink bud. A hyphen is suitable as a stem, and a leaf is drawn using an inclined stick. You can present a flower with a ribbon by taking a curly brace in the form of a ribbon. As a result, it may look like this: @ - / --- or so @) ---. The gift can be in the form of a cake made of square brackets: [,,,]. Candles are inserted using the "ё" button on the English layout.

Users with a rich imagination manage to draw a hare or using several options for brackets and spaces. Open a blank sheet in Word and experiment with clicking different buttons, changing layouts, etc. Perhaps it will turn out to be a masterpiece too.

Smilies: to use or not?

Use emoticons in correspondence should be careful, otherwise people may mistake you for a frivolous person. It is worth refraining from printed smiles if you communicate on work ICQ with people in a higher position. You can only show your emotions to close friends, so they will understand you more easily.

What a pity that the time of paper letters and postcards is irrevocably past. By the principle of work, e-mail practically repeats the system of regular mail, borrowing both terms (letter, envelope, attachment, box, delivery, and others) and characteristic features. The electronic sign, once proposed by American programmer Raymond Tomlinson for the format of an email address, has become a central concept in Internet culture today, and can even be seen on road signs.

Remember the time when almost every home had several albums filled with precious memories associated with loved ones? From photographs, already cracked and yellowed, they look: an important military man, in the form of a long-defunct regiment; an embarrassed young lady standing at the gate of a village house - now in its place is a Moscow avenue, which is crowded with people and humming cars; your great-grandfather is a little boy who was specially dressed up in a suit and brought to a photographer ... All these people have never seen a mobile phone. They did not use e-mail, but often managed to write and say much more kind words than we do now.

Together with photographs in albums and boxes - postcards and letters on lined paper: this was sent by my mother when she was vacationing in Crimea, and that thick pink envelope with a Czech stamp was from Prague. How long it took for a response, almost three weeks! In every small city, the post office building was almost the center of the universe, people came here to send parcels and parcels, bandaged them, worried. We carefully wrote down the address on the form in neat handwriting. For a long time and with pleasure we chose the most unusual postcard to congratulate a friend ...

Now everyone can register a virtual mailbox and send and receive letters, photos and postcards for free. It does not matter where the addressee is, in Africa or in a neighboring house - the message will be delivered instantly.

The first email was sent nearly forty years ago. E-mail as a means of communication did not appear in 1971, as you can often read about it on websites and in most popular magazines, but somewhat earlier. According to one version, this happened in the summer of 1965, when Noel Morris and Tom van Vleck wrote at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) the MAIL program for the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) operating system installed on a computer.

Today, the @ sign is central to internet culture and has a broader meaning than just the part of a reputable customer's email address that you hurriedly jotted down in your notebook. He went down in history, became something irreplaceable, replacing the famous horn.

Single or crossed post horns can be seen on many postage stamps and other collectibles around the world. The post horn, which has become the international symbol of the post, is a cylindrical brass or brass wind instrument with a mouthpiece. It previously served to signal the arrival or departure of a foot or horse postman. In the 16th century, Thurn-y-Taxis, a European post office owned by a noble family, was privileged to use a post horn for its messengers carrying mail. In the 18th – 19th centuries, in some countries, postmen used a mail pipe. Over time, post horns fell out of use, although, for example, in Germany, even before World War II, they were included in the equipment of the postmen of the horse-drawn passenger mail.

Rice. Email sign on a road sign in Western Europe

In 1972, American programmer Raymond Tomlinson from BBN wrote simple mailers SNDMSG (send a message) and READMAIL (view mail) within the TENEX operating system (later known as TOPS-20) for the DEC PDP-10 computer, highlighting the corresponding program block implementations from the CPYNET protocol. He conducted preliminary experiments with sending test messages in 1971. Thanks to the popularity of ARPANET, and the fact that Tomlinson first introduced the now famous @ sign into the email address format, he is considered by many to be the inventor of email.

It is believed that the history of the @ sign dates back to the Middle Ages, when monks rewrote treatises and translated manuscripts, including from Latin. Pretext ad, which translated into modern English means at("On", "in", "to") and indicates belonging, direction and approximation. In the font used by the monks, the letter "d" had a small "tail", which made it look like the number "6" in the mirror image. In this way, ad has become a well-known sign in all of us.

In the 15th century, Spanish merchants used this sign as an abbreviation for a measure of weights - arroba(this is approximately 11.52 kg). This measure was used to indicate the weight of livestock and wine. During the Renaissance, the sign began to be used to indicate prices, and in the era of the industrial revolution, it became invariably found in accounting records. Over time, the "dog" settled on most keyboards on the number two key.

But the famous symbol isn't just used in network services to separate a username from a domain. So, in programming languages ​​it is also, for example, annotation declaration (in Java), array indicator (in Perl), escaping of all characters in a string (in C #). In PHP, it is used to suppress the output of an error or warning.

Rice. Monument to the "electronic dog" in Chita

In our country, this sign was awarded several monuments. One of them was installed in 2006 in Chita. The monument is a cement slab measuring 1.5 by 1.5 meters, which was installed on the sidewalk instead of 9 boulevard ceramic slabs. The shape of the electronic "dog" was cut out of plastic. There is a plaque on the slab which says that this is the world's first monument to the "electronic dog". Another monument to this sign was unveiled in Troitsk near Moscow near the building of the city administration. It's called Friendship Without Borders.

It is interesting that the @ symbol is typed on the computer the same way for different peoples of the world, but it has completely different names and is pronounced differently - the theory of the "collective unconscious" does not work here at all. The designation of the e-mail symbol by the word "doggy" is used exclusively by Russian Internet users. In other countries, he also carries various names associated with animals. These are the names people came up with for this symbol, which each of us uses on a daily basis.

In German @, along with at and at-zeichen([at-tsaihen], "at sign"), has a colloquial name klammeraffe[clammeraffe], although this German word also has a figurative meaning, in meaning close to English leech("leech"). In some dialects, there are alternatives: affenschwanz([affenschwants] - "monkey's tail"), affenohr([affenor] - "monkey ear") and affenschaukel([affenschaukel] - "monkey swing"). The Danes call this sign grisehale, that is, "pig tail". This symbol has the same name in Norwegian, although there it is more often called snabel- "elephant trunk". Similar name - snabel- and in Swedish, where this word was even recommended by the Swedish Language College. True, there is another name in Swedish, which is associated not with the animal world, but with food - kanelbulle[kanelbule], which means "cinnamon bun", because the cinnamon layer in the bun is laid out in a spiral pattern. One more - "elephant". The most commonly used name in Hebrew and Yiddish is strudel, named after the Viennese apple roll. Chekhov and Slovaks inspired zaviáč[zavinach], popular in local bars, is a kind of fish loaf. The Spaniards sometimes call the sign ensaimada[ainsaimaza] - baked goods commonly made in Mallorca.

Rice. Koreans claim that the @ sign looks like a snail.

There are two other names for this sign in Finnish: kissanhäntä([kisankhyantya] - "cat's tail") and the most remarkable name miukumauku([miuku-mauku] - "meow-meow"). In Hungarian, the @ symbol has a name kukac[kukach], that is, "worm, larva". In Serbian, the sign is called majmun, a similar name in the Bulgarian language. The Spanish and Portuguese call this symbol arroba- a word that arose from a unit of weight and volume, closely related to an amphora. If you translate the name of the @ sign from Thai, you get something like a "wavy worm-like sign".

In France, where seafood is so popular, and oysters and snails are served in restaurants, it was hard not to note the similarity of the sign with escargot[escargot], although the officially accepted names are arobase or a commercial... In Italy, this is also a "snail", only Italian chiocciola[kiochiola]. The snail has also recently appeared in Hebrew ( shablul), Korean ( dalphaengi) and Esperanto ( heliko). In English, the name is preserved: it is either already familiar at, or a more complete name commercial at... The latter name is the official name of this mark according to the international symbol table. Colloquial names in English whirlpool([whirpool] - "whirlpool, jacuzzi") or fetch([fetch] - "ghost"), however, they are rarely used. A couple of foreign names have also penetrated into the English language: relatively rare, but still used snail, according to one version this is the Danish name snabel... This is quite logical, since we all remember that Old English was also significantly influenced by the dialects of the Scandinavian tribes - Danes and Norwegians, who made numerous raids since the end of the 8th century and created their settlements on the east coast. Despite all the names, the first place in terms of use in the English language is still at, which, most likely, will remain both the official and unofficial name of this sign.

In recent years, the Internet has become a part of our life, every day most of us visit our favorite sites, where we share our impressions, watch movies and listen to music. At the same time, the user types a huge number of different symbols, sometimes without thinking about their meaning. is - "@", otherwise this symbol is also called "dog" or "dog".

When was this sign first used and what does it mean?

The history of the "dog" @ symbol

According to the researcher, this symbol appeared long before the Internet in the distant Middle Ages. The priests who created the manuscripts used it to denote "direction", "approach", "belonging", since in English this icon denotes the preposition "at", which can be translated into Russian as, "to", "to", "to".
Much earlier in 15 century historians have found out that the "@" sign had a different meaning. It was used to denote a measure of volume - an amphora, which was equal to 12,5 kg.

This symbol was remembered again already in 1971 year, thanks to a man named Ray Tomlinson. When transmitting the email, it was proposed to separate the username from the hostname, essentially implying the same "at" preposition. It was from that very time that this sign"@" is essentially becoming a designation for the entire Internet and is used with great success on the World Wide Web today.

Why is the @ symbol called "dog"?

It was named that way at the beginning of the formation of the Russian part of the Internet, apparently someone thought that the "@" symbol somehow resembles a dog. In other countries, people's imagination worked differently, it is called: "cinnamon roll", "cat", "elephant "," snail "," monkey ".
Many people do not understand at all what the person was motivated by calling the symbol "@" - "doggy". It looks like a snail, it looks like it even looks like an elephant, but it doesn't "pull" at all to a dog. The maximum is what this image looks like, so it looks like a small kitty cozily curled up into a ball.
American programmers in their circles call this symbol "dog shit", which means "dog poop" in Russian. Most likely it was this expression that was the starting point of the Russian designation for the "@" symbol. The word "turd" was not used and was discarded because it was clearly indecent. Therefore, the word "dog" remained.

The familiar dog icon has been around for much longer than email. But only with the advent of the Internet did the rounded "squiggle" become widely known: every day 2 billion times @ takes its place between the sender's name and the domain name of the server. Who guessed to put the dog icon in the mail address and how? And why a dog?

A long time ago, when (oh, horror!) There was no e-mail, no computers, or even electricity, all books were filled by hand. No, then the dog's badge was not written in the address, but it performed a completely noble function: it saved the time of clerks who painstakingly worked in semi-darkness, bent over and holding the paper on their knees. Why in such an uncomfortable position remains a mystery. But if you imagine a few hours in this position, and work with pen and ink, it becomes clear how much easier the work was made by all kinds of ligatures.

The dog icon is read in English as "At", which is translated into Russian as "on, in, on". This sign denoted belonging to something, used in exchange accounts, and today they often indicate a specific place or event. In the Middle Ages, instead of "At" they used the preposition "Ad" - to, at, na, y, to. And the letter "d" was decorated with a long tail, thrown to the left. The @ ligature was formed by merging the letters "a" and "d", and, by and large, the history of the creation of the dog icon is the history of medieval European writing.

In Brazil, Spain and Portugal, a similar symbol denoted a measure of weight and volume equal to one arroba. And although historians doubt that it was the same @, but the capital "A" with a curl that adorns jugs of wine or oil really resembles an electronic "dog".

Before putting the dog icon, translate the keyboard into English. language. Then, while holding shift, press number 2. If you are working in Word, open insert - symbol - tab "symbols", select "plain text - basic Latin". In Unicode, @ is represented by the number 0040, and in Morse code by the character set: dot - dash - dash - dot - dash - dot.

Every European merchant who lived during the Renaissance knew perfectly well how to write a dog badge in the most profitable way: the twisted elegant @ was located in front of the price of the product, and was supposed to attract the attention of passers-by. Later, this ligature was used in accounting, for example: 12p @ 6 $ - 12 pieces at 6 dollars.

The following fact is not directly related to the dog icon, but it is so curious that it would be wrong not to mention it. In the 15th century, when they did not even dream of post offices in their hometown, letters were delivered by foot or horse messengers. They notified the population of their arrival by blowing a horn similar to the one used by merchants, traveling artists, etc. From the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. the horns were forbidden to be used by everyone except the postmen. Today, the image of crossed post horns can be seen on envelopes, stamps, postcards, etc. The simple tool has become a symbol of mail, recognizable all over the world. So, the dog icon in the address is very similar to the outline of a horn, which is undoubtedly a curious coincidence. And how interesting it turned out: the symbol

"Virtual" mail accidentally repeated the outline of the real mail symbol!

Everyone who uses e-mail knows for sure that the name of any mailbox contains an incomprehensible at first glance, either a letter, or an icon, or a symbol that looks like @. Some internet lovers refer to this icon as the main pop symbol of popularity. And if you could have heard about this, then not everyone knows that in 2004 the International Telecommunication Union introduced the "dog" into Morse code.

The history of the @ sign

As strange as it may sound, an Italian researcher named Giorgio Stabile, while studying the archives of the Institute of Economic History in the city of Prato near Florence, discovered a very strange phenomenon. It turns out that the familiar "dog" is first encountered in written documents dating back to 1563. The document said that 3 merchant ships arrived in Spain, and as cargo on board there were containers with wine, which were designated by the @ symbol.

After a little thought and analyzing the then market, the scientist came to the conclusion that the @ sign in those days denoted such a unit of measurement of wine as amphora or "anfora". It was a universal unit of measure for volume.

However, there is a second version of the appearance of this strange sign. Now a scientist from the United States named Berthold Ullman suggested that the @ sign was invented by medieval monks who used it to shorten the word "ad", which was also universal and had several meanings: "on", "in", "in relation" and some others.

However, the true origin of this actually mysterious symbol is still unknown.

Commercial at

In the modern world, the @ symbol is officially called "commercial at" and it originates from business... For example, it could be found in such an inscription as “7 widgets @ $ 2 each = $ 14”, which in translation would sound like “7 pieces at 2 dollars = 14 dollars”.

And since without this symbol it was difficult to carry out any calculations, the first ever Underwood typewriter, which was released in 1885, already had this symbol.

Later it was inherited by the computer keyboard. But what is remarkable, on the territory of the USSR, the @ symbol was not known to anyone until the first computers appeared here.

But how did this strange symbol appear in the names of our mailboxes? For this, we have to thank the geek Ray Tomlinson, who in 1971 sent the world's first email. In this case, the address consisted of 2 halves.

The first is the name of the user, the second is the name of the computer on which the user is logged on. And to separate one from the other, Ray Tomlinson chose an icon on the keyboard that was not in either of the two halves. And it just happened to be the @ symbol.

How the commercial at (@) got the name "dog"

In fact, they have not yet come to a consensus here either, and today there are several versions of why the @ symbol began to be called "dog".

1. Vervia the first: The icon looks like a dog curled up in a ball.

2. Second version: If you say the English word at several times in a row, it will be like a dog barking.

3. Version three: if you have imagination, then in this symbol you can find all the letters that are in the word "dog". Well, if only with the exception of the letter "k".

But for big romantics, there is another version, which most users adhere to. In the old days, there was a fairly popular game "Adventure", which translates as "Adventure".

The player had to wander through the maze, look for treasures and fight against a variety of enemies. The labyrinth on the screen was drawn with symbols, the enemies were designated by letters and icons, but the loyal treasure-seeker's dog was designated by the @ sign.

However, history is silent about whether the badge for the dog was chosen because it was already called that.

Where else is the @ sign used?

1. In chemistry, when writing formulas - [email protected]

2. On the territory of Europe there is even such a sign "@", which means that this place has free access to the Internet.

3. Sometimes it is used to replace the symbol of anarchy, since it is simply impossible to write this sign on a computer.

4. In some European languages ​​it is used for informal correspondence.

5. The international student organization AIESEC uses this sign in informal correspondence as a symbol of the organization.

This is our "dog". At first glance, a simple icon, but in fact, there is a whole story behind it!

Monuments to the "electronic dog"

Today in Russia there are 2 monuments to the electronic dog. The first of them was installed in Chita, the second in Orenburg. We wanted to erect a monument to the "dog" in the Moscow region, but this still remains in the plans.

Monument in Chita- This is a cement slab, the size of which is 1.5 by 1.5 meters. The slab was installed right on the sidewalk and took the place of 9 ceramic tiles that were on this site. The monument was erected literally in half a day. It took 40 kg of cement. Residents of the city are proud that the first monument to the @ symbol in Russia appeared in their city.

And this year another one was opened and this event happened. in Orenburg on the territory of the Perovsky Park. This is a large recreation park, which young people like to visit, and besides, there is free Internet, so the choice of the place was not accidental.

The Electronic Dog is more than just a button on a keyboard. This is a symbol that has its own history, and as it turned out, this story is long and interesting.