Every Web developer has their own set of favorite tools. Naturally, in this set there should be a favorite html editor. In this article, I would like to talk about free editors.
As you know, editors are divided into several categories: supported technology WYSIWYG and editors working with source code.
A rather extensive list of editors can be found on wikipedia. Among all this list convenient editors under Linux, not so much, but they are. I would like to highlight the following editors: vim, SciTe, BlueFish, Quanta+ and Aptana Studio and say a few words about each of them.
So let's start with vim. vim is console text editor, which has rich functionality (you can read more in detail). But I want to point out right away that effective work with this editor, you will need prior training / study of vim. Despite the presence useful plugins for editing html/xml documents, consider further given editor we will not.
SciTe is a cross-platform text editor designed mainly for editing source code programs and performs syntax highlighting for many programming languages (C ++, C, Java, Ruby, Pascal, Perl, Python, etc.), as well as HTML, XML, etc. The description of the editor speaks for itself and pay attention to this editor I won't, especially since syntax highlighting is supported by standard text editors included in Gnome or KDE.
Next in line for us Quanta+. Despite the presence visual editor web forms and pages are functional, the convenience of working with him, to be honest, is not very good. In addition, according to Wikipedia, this editor has been practically ousted from Kdevelop. We are also not interested in this editor.
This is where the mention of outsiders (in my opinion) ends and we move on to the most interesting html editors.
Let's start with the program, which is included, probably, in every Linux distribution- from a blue fish, she is - bluefish. What distinguishes this editor from all of the above? For starters - a more convenient and understandable interface. In addition, the program has a toolbar that allows you to add almost one click html elements to the html page code. Another distinguishing feature (compared to the above mentioned editors) is the auto-completion of closing tags, as well as auto-completion hints, for example:
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| BlueFish Editor |
To the left of the main editor is a tree-like window with the ability to display files file system, bookmarks, symbol cards and snippets. It looks something like this (the tabs on the screenshot are combined for clarity):
In addition to all this, BlueFish has a flexible html-editor setting: in the program settings, you can enable / disable automatic indents, auto-completion hints, line numbers and line breaks, block display, etc.
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| Customizing the html editor |
From the Tools menu, you can run html file viewed in one of the browsers: Opera, Mozilla, Galeon, etc.
Now let's look at the html editor. which is based on the Eclipse IDE, its name is Aptana Studio. At the time of writing, the latest stable version was 3.0. Externally, Aptana Studio is really almost no different from Eclipse. The only exceptions are the editor, the design of which is made in dark colors, as well as a smaller number of menus (in linux versions) than in Eclipse. By the way, you can change the theme by selecting from the menu Window --> Preferences--> Aptana -->Themes. The list of topics is impressive and will appeal to adherents of different IDEs.
So, what can and what is attractive in Aptana? Aptana is a professional open source web application development tool. Aptana supports the following programming languages: php, Rails. Ruby, PyDev Google App Engine Project and actually HTM, JavaScript, CSS and XML.
Like BlueFish, Aptana supports autocompletion hints, but they are implemented in a much nicer and slightly unusual way: the tooltips display supported browsers for a particular tag or property. The hint window looks something like this:
To the left of the main editor, an App Explorer window is displayed, which shows a list of files for a particular project; the Project Explorer window, which displays the file and folder hierarchy of all the projects we have created, and a list of file system files. A little lower, in the same window on the left, OutLine is displayed, the so-called outlines of the file being edited at the moment:
| Project Explorer, App Explorer, Outline |
The official website says that the program requires the Sun JDK, but Aptana worked fine for me with Open-jdk as well.
Aptana can be downloaded for OS: Windows, Linux and MacOS as separate application, and also as a plugin for Eclipse.
To install Aptana as an Eclipse plugin:
Launch Eclipse, select the menu Window-->Install New Software. In the window that appears, enter the address:
https://download.aptana.com/studio3/plugin/install
Input-editing - This is the main mode of operation of the text editor.
Entering (recording) text into the computer's memory is done using the keyboard. When working with a text editor in input-editing mode, the display screen moves cursor, which specifies the current position for input. The character corresponding to the key pressed is placed at the cursor position, which then moves one step to the right or, if the end of a line is reached, to the beginning of the next line.
Editing refers to making any changes to the typed text.
Most often, you have to erase an erroneous character, word, line; replace one character with another; insert missing characters, words, lines. While editing text, the user can change fonts, format text, select fragments and manipulate them (move, delete, copy). In multi-window editors, you can "decompose" several documents at once into different windows and move quickly from one to the other. Fonts and styles. An ordinary typewriter can print texts in only one font. A text document created on a computer using a text editor can use a variety of fonts. Modern text editors have many font sets. Each font has its own name. For example: Arial, Times New Roman, etc. Letters of the same font can have different styles. There are regular (straight) style, italic, bold style. In addition, it is possible to underline the text. Format parameters (line length, line spacing) are set by the user before entering text and are then automatically maintained by the text editor. The user only needs to type text. There are many more modes of working with TR, these are: moving a fragment of text from one place to another., Working with windows, finding and replacing a fragment, automatic spell checking, file operations, printing a document, and many others.
Setting the parameters of the TP " Word » and toolbars.
To set the parameters, select the menu item Service => Options. A dialog box will open Options with many tabs. one. View– allows you to select elements of document windows that use the normal document display mode.
2. General– allows you to set general settings, including:
a). Automatic updating of links with other files each time a document is opened;
b). Display in the File menu list of the list and 1-9 recently opened files.
3. Edit– sets editing options:
a). Allow or disable the use of drag and drop to move or copy selected text;
b). Removal extra spaces when deleting text or pasting them when pasting text from the clipboard into a document;
in). Automatic selection not of a part, but of the whole word and a space behind it;
G). Using the "Ins" key to paste the contents of the clipboard into a document.
4. Seal– allows you to select a paper feed tray, as well as additional modes for printing a document. The A4/Letter Conversion and Graphic Objects check box must be checked.
5. Preservation– sets the parameters for saving the document.
6. Spelling– sets the spelling and grammar checking options:
a). Automatically check spelling and grammar;
b). Automatically suggest correct spellings for misspelled words
7. Fixes– sets the ways of highlighting the corrected text.
8. Compatibility- Changes Word options to be compatible with other types of editors.
9. Location- displays the location of some important documents Word on disk.
10. User- provides information about the owner of the program.
Toolbars can be displayed on the screen with the command View => Toolbars. Total Available 22 toolbar. You can configure any of them in the Customize dialog box, which is opened using the commands Service => Setup or View => Toolbars => Customize.
Basic commands on the Standard panel
Let's take a closer look at the toolbar - Standard, since it is displayed in Word by default and with it you can get fast access to most of the frequently used commands.
Create. By clicking on this button, you can create a new empty document.
Open. This button opens an already saved somewhere on disk or other storage medium file. After clicking on the button, a window opens, usually by default it is the My Documents folder, in which you select file to open. After finding the desired file, do double click and the file starts downloading.
You can upload multiple files by holding Ctrl key, and then each file will be loaded into its own separate window.
Save. This command saves an already existing document under its name, that is, it saves the changes made to the document. If you have not yet given a name to the document, then Word will open the Save Document dialog box, in which you will need to give a name to the new file. The same command can also be executed using the key combination: Shift-F12. Remember this combination and click on it often, in order to avoid data loss when the computer suddenly turns off.
Seal. Prints all pages of the current document.
Preview. Before printing a document, you need to review it, determine the indentation margins, edit it so that you don’t print it twice later, and this, in turn, wastes paper, ink and time. To do this, there is the Preview command, which shows the document in the form in which it will be printed.
Spelling. Checks the spelling of the entire document or a selected part of it. Word is able to correct errors in the process of typing, it underlines unfamiliar words with a red line, and grammatical errors with a wavy green line.
Cut out. Using these scissors, we cut out the selected text or image from the document and place it in the clipboard Windows exchange. The clipboard is a storage that can contain various data in various formats for copying or moving. You can also cut using the keyboard shortcut: Ctrl-X
Copy. This button copies the selected text or image to the clipboard. Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl-C
a piece of text that you want to change, as a result, the entire design will change as in the sample.
Cancel. This command cancels the previous operation or the key combination - Ctrl-Z. By pressing this button several times, you can undo as many operations as you like. a small triangle gives a drop-down list of command history. By selecting one or another line from the list, you can cancel several commands at once, or completely all actions.
Return. This button "undoes undoes", i.e. scrolls the list of undoes in the opposite direction. Keyboard shortcuts: F4 or Ctrl-Y.
Insert hyperlink. In the hyperlink window, you must enter the path to the file on your disk, for example: С:\My documents\Letter.doc or the Internet address http://kursymaster.ru/word.php, after which the typed text will become of blue color and underlined, which is a sign of a text hyperlink. To launch the link, you need to press the Ctrl key and click on the link, the contents of the file will open if it exists or the page on the Internet.
Border panel. Click this button and the entire Tables and Borders panel will open. Here you can draw a table yourself, add a table by specifying the number of columns and rows, sort the table data, fill it with color, align the table data vertically, and perform autosummation.
Insert table. Holding the left mouse button, point the mouse down - add the number of rows, right - the number of columns. Once you have decided what table you should have, release the key and your table will appear.
Add Excel spreadsheet. You follow the same steps as for Insert table, only now you will insert a working excel sheet. Within this table, you will work as in a program Microsoft Excel.
Columns. This command allows you to place text on the page in multiple columns. By clicking on the button you can enter from 1 to 7 columns. usually columns are used in the layout of newspapers and magazines. You can also lay out your document for a specific page structure.
WordArt drawing panel. This button will open a panel at the bottom drawing.
Document schema. The window will be divided into two parts, on the right - the usual text of the document, and on the left you will see its structure.
- Nonprinting characters. The button shows invisible, non-printable characters, such as tab characters in the form of an arrow, a paragraph in the form of a pi sign, a space - a period, a non-breaking space - a circle. That is, by clicking on the button you can see where you pressed the TAB, ENTER, spacebar.
- Scale. Specifies the scale for displaying the document.
Help: Microsoft Office Word. This button opens the Office Assistant dialog or Microsoft Help word.
- Reading mode.
You can write code in a regular notepad, but syntax highlighting, automatic indentation and auto-completion are the things for which it is worth switching to a specialized editor. About Atom and Sublime Text(not to mention Vim and Emacs) you certainly know, so let me remind you of a few lesser known (and free) editors.
Let's start with - a code editor for web developers, which has a good free version. It supports languages such as Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, as well as JavaScript, CSS, HTML, XML.
Komodo Edit has syntax highlighting, auto-completion, and templates. In a more advanced paid version it can work with SVN and code debugger.
Another interesting editor. He supports huge list programming languages, has a very simple and easy to learn interface. Also, Bluefish can automatically complete HTML tags and has customizable syntax highlighting.
The project is completely open, there are versions for Linux, macOS or Windows.
Geany is a lightweight editor built on the GTK+ framework. It is perfectly optimized and quickly opens volumetric text files. It has HTML tag autocompletion, syntax highlighting, and closing of previously opened parentheses. Importantly, Geany has its own terminal emulator and even a simple project manager.
Geany functions can be extended by installing modules, a collection of which you can find on the official website. Like Bluefish, Geany has versions for the same three main operating systems.
A free cross-platform editor created by Microsoft. The release took place in 2015, and since then VSCode has gained the trust of programmers. It is frequently updated, improved, and the number of its features and capabilities is gradually growing.
VS Code supports great amount programming languages, can be used to create ASP.NET5 or Node.js web projects. It has snippet support, easy navigation, a refactoring feature, and more. It supports working with local or remote repositories Git and great for writing like console applications, and web projects, and software with GUI.
In general, if you are tired of your usual editor and want to experiment with something new or lightweight, then you have a good choice.
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