Touch screen- This is an information input device, which is a screen that reacts to touching it.
Main comparative characteristics of touch screens.
| Resistive | Capacitive | Projected capacitive | Surfactant | IR |
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| 75-85 | 90 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
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| - | - | + | + | - |
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The first most obvious advantage of touch technology is the intuitiveness and naturalness of the action itself - touching the screen with your hand.
The second undoubted advantage of devices based on touch screens is compactness. Installation of touch monitors to qualitatively improve the efficiency of service in cinemas, restaurants, hotels, airports, administrative institutions, where every centimeter of the workplace is valuable. The touch monitor (especially if it is a liquid crystal monitor) allows you to save maximum space on the work surface.
Speed can be not only a matter of prestige, but also a vital issue, in the truest sense of the word. Imagine what a won second can mean when you need the fastest possible response, for example, from a security center dispatcher. Thus, quick access is the third advantage of touch screens.
The fourth benefit of sensors is cost savings. Installing a touchscreen monitor can significantly increase the speed and accuracy of an employee working at a computer, and reduce the time required for employee training.
Touch screen - views:
Resistive touch screen.
In this design, the screen is a glass or acrylic plate covered with two conductive layers. The layers are separated by invisible spacers that prevent the network of vertical and horizontal conductors from touching. At the moment of pressing, the layers are in contact and the controller registers an electrical signal. The coordinates of pressing are determined based on the intersection of which conductors the impact was registered.
Application
- Communicators
- Cell Phones
- POS terminals
- Tablet PC
- Industry (control devices)
- Medical equipment
Capacitive (electrostatic) touch screen.
A person participates in the operation of a capacitive screen not only mechanically, but also electrically. The screen has some electrical charge before it is touched. The touch of a finger changes the picture of the charge, "pulling" part of the charge to the point of pressing. Screen sensors located at all four corners monitor the flow of charge in the screen, thus determining the coordinates of the "leak" of electrons.
Capacitive screens are also highly reliable (they do not have flexible membranes) and a high degree of transparency. True, they are not suitable for use with a stylus or a glove - you need to press the screen with your “bare finger”. But the reliability of the capacitive screen is impressive - up to a billion clicks in the same place.
Application
- In guarded premises
- Information kiosks
- Some ATMs
Acoustic touch screen.
Such screens are built using miniature piezoelectric emitters of sound that cannot be heard by humans. The glass of such a screen constantly vibrates imperceptibly under the influence of emitters installed in three corners of the screen. Special reflectors distribute the acoustic wave in a special way over the entire surface of the screen. Touching the screen changes the picture of the propagation of acoustic vibrations, which is recorded by the sensors. By changing the nature of the oscillations, you can calculate the coordinates of the disturbances introduced by clicking on the screen. In addition, by analyzing the degree of change in vibrations, you can calculate the force of pressing the screen. This is useful when designing control systems for industrial equipment, for example, for smoothly changing the speed of rotation of motors and other parameters. Among the advantages of acoustic screens is the absence of coatings, which increases the reliability and transparency of the screen.
These acoustic touch screens are mainly used in slot machines, guarded information systems and educational institutions. As a rule, screens are distinguished into ordinary - 3 mm thick, and vandal-resistant - 6 mm. The latter can withstand a blow by a fist of an average man or a fall of a metal ball weighing 0.5 kg from a height of 1.3.
The main disadvantage of the screen is malfunction in the presence of vibration or when exposed to acoustic noise, as well as when the screen is dirty. Any foreign object placed on the screen (for example, chewing gum) completely blocks its operation. In addition, this technology requires touching with an object that necessarily absorbs acoustic waves.
Infrared touch screen.
Infrared touch screens are a frame around the monitor in which infrared emitters and receivers are installed. The disadvantages of this design are the low resolution of the sensors and the possibility of false alarms as a result of ambient light. But with large screen diagonals, this technology is still irreplaceable. In addition, all of the above types of touchscreen displays are subject to the so-called "hotspot drift".
Infrared touch screens are sensitive to dirt and are therefore used where image quality is important. Due to its simplicity and maintainability, the scheme is popular with the military. This type of screen is also used in mobile phones.
Multitouch,
is not a type of touch screen. At its core, multi-touch technology - which is a loose translation of the phrase multi-touch - is an addition to a touch screen (most often built on the projected-capacitive principle), allowing the screen to recognize multiple points of contact with it. As a result, the multi-touch screen becomes capable of gesture recognition.
Touch screen - views.
Phones and communicators currently use 2 main types of touch screens: resistive and projection-capacitive, and the latter have become much more common over the past 2 years. In both cases, for touch recognition, a special electrically conductive material is used, which closes at the moment the finger touches the substrate that protects this material.However, in projection-capacitive screens, transparent electrons protected by glass play the role of a conducting layer. In this case, it plays the role of a dielectric, thanks to which this type of touchscreen displays well distinguishes the places of contact of the fingers with the screen. If the buyer is faced with the task of saving on the quality of the touch screen, then the resistive type is suitable for it. It is used in the production of budget models of communicators such as ZTE, Huawei and Highscreen.
The first touchscreen smartphone was announced by Nokia back in 2001, but the company did not launch it on the market because of the desire to stir up interest in its revolutionary new product. It was never released.
Ease of use
Various types of matrices are used to display the image on the screen display. At the moment there are phones on the market with two types of matrices: TFT and IPS. The first type is more faded, it fades in the sun, but its wear resistance is much higher than that of IPS. In the case of this type, there is a bright, rich display that does not fade in the sun and has a richer color reproduction. But smartphones and phones with a similar type of screen are far more expensive than gadgets with a TFT matrix.The technology of IPS matrices does not stand still, the price of touchscreen phones with the use of such screens has dropped significantly lately. Therefore, it will not be difficult for a consumer to choose a phone with a clearer and more vivid image. The best price-quality ratio for this parameter is distinguished by Lenovo communicators.
Touchscreen options
In order to make touchscreen displays more convenient and practical in use, additional options have been developed for them. The first is Multi-Touch technology. With the help of it, any of the above types of screens can perceive up to five simultaneous clicks, which will be perceived by the device. The second quality addition to the touchscreen is Gorilla Glass, which protects it from bumps, scratches, moisture, etc.In addition to the described capabilities, a light sensor can be attached to the touch screen, which can automatically decrease or increase the brightness. This is extremely convenient for saving device battery. The presence of all these technical solutions will make the phone expensive, but convenient to use. There are many models of smartphones on the market in one configuration or another that can satisfy any user.
When choosing between a touchscreen phone and a communicator, one must understand that the communicator is more adapted to changing its functions for a specific user.
Selecting a brand of touchscreen phone
Many manufacturers are now making touchscreen phones. Leading positions are taken by brands such as Samsung, Apple, HTC, Huawei, Sony. All smartphones and phones of these brands are of good quality and use of advanced technical solutions in their production. An expensive touchscreen phone will delight the eye with its quality and display. Therefore, you should not skimp on the quality of the screen, since the health of the user's eyes depends on it.Devices equipped with touch screens (mobile phones, tablets, netbooks, even personal computers) are becoming more and more popular. But if you decide to buy a device whose screen is touch sensitive, you should be aware that there are different types of touch screens.
Different types of touch screens work on different physical principles... There are two main types of touch screens - capacitive and resistive. There are other types, for example, screens on surface acoustic waves, infrared, optical, strain gauge, induction (used in), etc. But the chance of encountering these types of screens in everyday life is quite small, so let's talk about the two most common types of touchscreens ...
Touchscreen types: resistive
Resistive touchscreen is simpler and cheaper technology... Such a screen consists of two main parts: a conductive substrate and a plastic membrane. When you press down on the membrane, it closes with the backing. In this case, the control electronics calculates the resistance arising between the edges of the membrane and the substrate, and thus determines the coordinates of the pressure point.
Resistive touch screens are used in PDAs, communicators, some models of mobile phones, POS terminals, tablet computers, industrial control devices, medical equipment. Usually small-sized devices equipped with a resistive screen have a stylus in the set, so that it is more convenient to press on the membrane (with a small screen area, it is difficult to do this with your finger).
A significant advantage of resistive screens is their simplicity and low cost., which ultimately reduces the price of the entire device. They are also resistant to dirt. But the main thing is that even in the absence of a special stylus, you can work with them with almost any solid blunt object that is at hand. They also react to the touch of the fingers, even if the hand is in a glove, however, the touch should be strong enough.
But resistive screens also have their drawbacks.... This type of touchscreen is susceptible to mechanical damage: if you use an unsuitable object instead of a stylus, or, say, store your phone in the same pocket with the keys, you can easily scratch it. Therefore, for devices with this type of screens, it is better to additionally purchase a special protective film. The sensitivity of resistive screens decreases at low temperatures. In addition, their transparency also leaves much to be desired: they transmit a maximum of 85% of the light coming from the display.
Touchscreen types: capacitive
Capacitive touchscreens take advantage of the fact that large-capacity objects (in this case, a person) conduct an alternating electric current. These screens are a glass panel coated with a transparent resistive alloy. A small alternating voltage is transmitted to the conductive layer. If you touch your finger with a screen or other conductive object, a current leak occurs, it is fixed by sensors, and the coordinates of the pressure point are calculated.
There are conventional capacitive screens and projection-capacitive... The second technology is more "advanced". Such screens are more sensitive (say, they react to a hand in a glove, depending on just capacitive ones), support multitouch technology(simultaneous determination of the coordinates of several points of contact). Capacitive screens are used in some ATM machines, information kiosks and guarded premises. Projection-capacitive - in street electronic kiosks, payment terminals, ATMs, touchpads of laptops, smartphones and other devices with support for multitouch technology.
Advantages of such touch screens- this is durability, resistance to most contaminants (to those that do not conduct current), high transparency of the screen, the ability to work at low temperatures. If necessary, it is possible to provide high strength - the layer of glass on a capacitive screen can be up to 2 cm thick. Capacitive screens respond to the slightest touch. Projected capacitive screens also support multitouch.
The disadvantage of capacitive screens is a higher cost compared to resistive screens... In addition, such screens react only to conductive objects: a finger or a special stylus (not the same as used with resistive screens). Some craftsmen manage to use sausages, but where is the guarantee that the sausage will be at hand at the right time?
As you can see different types of touch screens have their own advantages and disadvantages, so it's up to you which one is more suitable for you personally.
A touchscreen is a device for inputting and outputting information through a pressure- and gesture-sensitive display. As you know, the screens of modern devices not only display the image, but also allow you to interact with the device. Initially, familiar buttons were used for such interaction, then the no less well-known “mouse” manipulator appeared, which greatly simplified the manipulation of information on the computer display. However, the "mouse" for work requires a horizontal surface and is not very suitable for mobile devices. This is where an addition to the usual screen comes to the rescue - Touch Screen, which is also known as Touch Panel, touch panel, touch film. That is, in fact, the touch element is not a screen - it is an additional device installed on top of the display from the outside, protecting it and serving to enter the coordinates of touching the screen with a finger or other object.
Usage
Today, touch screens are widely used in mobile electronic devices. Initially, the touchscreen was used in the design of pocket personal computers (PDA, PDA), now communicators, mobile phones, players, and even photo and video cameras hold the championship. However, the technology of controlling the finger through virtual buttons on the screen turned out to be so convenient that almost all payment terminals, many modern ATMs, electronic information kiosks and other devices used in public places are equipped with it.
Touchscreen laptop
It should be noted also laptops, some models of which are equipped with a rotatable touch screen, which gives the mobile computer not only wider functionality, but also more flexibility in operating it on the street and on the weight.
Unfortunately, there are not so many similar laptop models, popularly called "transformers", but they exist.
In general, the touch screen technology can be described as the most convenient when you need instant access to device control without preliminary preparation and with stunning interactivity: the controls can replace each other depending on the function being activated. Anyone who has ever worked with a sensor device understands the above.
Types of touch screens
In total, several types of touch panels are known today. Naturally, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's highlight the main four constructions:
- Resistive
- Capacitive
- Projected capacitive
In addition to these screens, matrix screens and infrared are used, but due to their low accuracy, their field of application is extremely limited.
Resistive
Resistive touch panels are among the simplest devices. At its core, such a panel consists of a conductive substrate and a plastic membrane with a certain resistance. When the membrane is pressed, it closes with the substrate, and the control electronics determines the resulting resistance between the edges of the substrate and the membrane, calculating the coordinates of the pressure point.
The advantage of a resistive screen is its low cost and simplicity of the device. They have excellent resistance to dirt. The main advantage of resistive technology is sensitivity to any touch: you can work with your hand (including gloves), stylus (pen) and any other hard blunt object (for example, the top end of a ballpoint pen or the corner of a plastic card). However, there are also quite serious drawbacks: resistive screens are sensitive to mechanical damage, such a screen is easily scratched, therefore, a special protective film is often purchased additionally to protect the screen. In addition, resistive panels do not work very well at low temperatures, and also have low transparency - they transmit no more than 85% of the luminous flux of the display.
Using a touch screen pen
Application
- Communicators
- Cell Phones
- POS terminals
- Tablet PC
- Industry (control devices)
- Medical equipment
Communicator
Capacitive
Capacitive touchscreen technology is based on the principle that a large object (in this case, a person) is capable of conducting electrical current. The essence of the capacitive technology is to apply an electrically conductive layer to the glass, while a weak alternating current is applied to each of the four corners of the screen. If you touch the screen with a large grounded object (finger), current will leak. The closer the point of contact (and hence the leakage) to the electrodes in the corners of the screen, the greater the leakage current, which is recorded by the control electronics, which calculates the coordinates of the point of contact.
Capacitive screens are very reliable and durable, their resource is hundreds of millions of clicks, they perfectly resist dirt, but only those that do not conduct electric current. Compared to resistive ones, they are more transparent. However, the disadvantages are still the possibility of damage to the electrically conductive coating and insensitivity to touch with non-conductive objects, even with gloved hands.
Information kiosk
Application
- In guarded premises
- Information kiosks
- Some ATMs
Projected capacitive
Projected capacitive screens are based on measuring the capacitance of a capacitor formed between the human body and a transparent electrode on the glass surface, which in this case is a dielectric. Due to the fact that the electrodes are applied on the inner surface of the screen, such a screen is extremely resistant to mechanical damage, and taking into account the possibility of using thick glass, projection-capacitive screens can be used in public places and outdoors without special restrictions. In addition, this type of screen recognizes the pressure of a gloved finger.
Payment terminal
These screens are quite sensitive and distinguish between finger and conductive pen presses, and some models can recognize multiple presses (multitouch). The features of a projected capacitive screen are high transparency, durability, and immunity to most contaminants. The disadvantage of such a screen is not very high accuracy, as well as the complexity of the electronics that processes the coordinates of pressing.
Application
- Electronic kiosks in the streets
- Payment terminals
- ATM machines
- Laptop touchpads
- iPhone
With the definition of surface acoustic waves
The essence of the touch panel with the definition of surface acoustic waves is the presence of ultrasonic vibrations in the thickness of the screen. When touching the vibrating glass, the waves are absorbed, while the point of contact is recorded by the sensors on the screen. The advantages of the technology are high reliability and pressure recognition (as opposed to capacitive screens). The disadvantages are that they are poorly protected from environmental factors, therefore, screens with surface acoustic waves cannot be used outdoors, and in addition, such screens are afraid of any pollution that blocks their work. They are rarely used.
Other rare types of touch screens
- Optical screens. Glass is illuminated with infrared light, as a result of touching such glass, light is scattered, which is detected by the sensor.
- Induction screens. Inside the screen there is a coil and a grid of sensitive wires that react to touch with an active pen powered by electromagnetic resonance. It is logical that such screens respond to pressing only with a special stylus. Used in expensive graphics tablets.
- Strain gauges - react to screen deformation. Such screens have low accuracy, but they are very durable.
- Infrared Reticle is one of the earliest technologies to recognize screen touches. The grid consists of a plurality of light emitters and receivers located at the sides of the screen. It reacts to blocking the corresponding rays by objects, on the basis of which it determines the coordinates of pressing.
- Move two fingers together - reduce the image (text)
- Spread two fingers to the sides - Zoom
- Movement with several fingers at the same time - scrolling of text, pages in the browser
- Rotating with two fingers on the screen - rotate the image (screen)
The benefits and drawbacks of touch screens
Touch screens have been around for a long time in handheld devices. There are several reasons for this:
- The ability to make the minimum number of controls
- Simplicity of the graphical interface
- Ease of management
- Prompt access to device functions
- Expanding multimedia capabilities
However, there are more than enough disadvantages:
- Lack of haptic feedback
- Frequent need to use a pen (stylus)
- Possibility of screen damage
- Fingerprints and other dirt on the screen
- Higher energy consumption
As a result, it is not always possible to completely get rid of the keyboard, because it is much more convenient to type text using the familiar keys. But the touch screen is more interactive, thanks to faster access to menu items and settings of modern gadgets.
We hope this material will help you when choosing a touchscreen device.
Discuss on the forum
A touchscreen phone is a modern model of a mobile phone, the technical characteristics and functions of which are equated to a computer, and the control is carried out by pressing the screen. The difference between phones from different manufacturers lies in the special design, pricing and functionality of the models. The build quality also directly depends on the manufacturer - the more famous the manufacturer, the better the assembly is.
Also, touchscreen phones may differ in screen size, battery capacity, design and specifications. Almost all models come with a camera, video recording, flashlight, calendar, mp3 and alarm clock.
Touchscreen display and its required characteristics
The peculiarity of touchscreen phones is the absence of conventional buttons, which tend to clog with dirt and dust, and the pointers on the buttons are prone to erasure. The phone functions are controlled by pressing the screen with a special pencil - stylus, or with your fingers. The phone screen reacts to the slightest touch and allows you to conveniently type all text information. The absence of buttons makes the design of the device more modern and attractive.
If you decide to use a phone with a touch screen for the first time, you will have to get used to its features, but the habit will come very quickly, and you will be able to fully experience all the comfort of modern technology.
A large touchscreen can be a determining factor in choosing a phone if you need to browse the Internet or watch movies. The presence of a large screen greatly simplifies the viewing of video information and makes it easier to use the keyboard, moreover, the screensaver or your photo will look much more beautiful on the enlarged screen. When choosing a phone to browse the Internet, you must make sure that you have a Wi-Fi module, which will significantly reduce the financial costs of mobile communications.
It will be a pleasant surprise for motorists to have a GPS navigator, which will be more convenient to use on a large screen.Having a headset provides the usual ability to listen to music and conduct a conversation through headphones or a wireless headset.
Specifications
The phone may have a minimum of permissible functions, or it may have a wide variety of additional features.
- Screen size- may be less than two inches, or more;
- Number of SIM-cards which the phone can support in active mode - from one to three;
- Camera quality- the higher the resolution, the better the pictures will be;
- Format which is able to support the player and their number;
- Filming- the possibility of viewing, shooting, in what formats the shooting takes place;
- Memory card- the number and volume of memory cards that the touchscreen phone can support;
- Battery capacity- the presence of a larger capacity will provide the phone with long operating time without the need for recharging;
- Quality- as mentioned above, the higher the cost, the better the material and the high-quality operation of the phone functions, which makes it possible to be sure of a long service life.
Keyboard
The QWERTY keyboard is designed to make typing information easier. For those with large fingers, a special pencil was developed to help in typing and significantly increase the speed, which increases several times. When using the stylus, the hand takes much less stress, therefore, less fatigue.
Stylus - Desirable or Not Needed?
Manufacturers of some models do not provide for the use of a stylus, so you should decide on the ease of use without it. In modern phones, it has become common to use a full-size keyboard, but in some phones manufacturers still leave the imitation of keys from a regular phone, which may not suit everyone.
Photos and Videos
The important functions are the possibility of photo and video shooting, the quality of which depends on the price category of the device.
Most models have a music player, but you should still pay attention to the jack, because headphones that come as standard may sound poor and overpriced. Therefore, the presence of a standard headphone jack is only welcome.
Summarize. To choose a comfortable device, you should decide on your needs, but the presence of a large screen and the ability to connect an additional headset is only welcome. For fans of the world wide web, you will need Wi-Fi, and for motorists, a built-in navigator will be acceptable. You should pay attention to the capabilities and convenience of the built-in keyboard, as well as the ability to control the phone with a stylus.
Remember that there are additional features available to help make some of the phone movements easier. An important thing to remember is that the main detail in a touchscreen phone is the screen, despite the fact that it is large or not very large.
Fly has equipped its phones with the ability to support one or more Sim-cards and an advanced system of widgets, which, at its discretion, can be arranged in any order on one of the three desktops.
Feature of LG models is the additional drawing function, which allows you to draw graffiti and write notes by hand. There are also two types of keyboards, both from a regular phone and a full-size one.
The build quality and modern and stylish design remain unchanged in Samsung models.
