Keyboard shortcuts for various combinations. Keyboard shortcuts (list)

This article focuses on the problem when the computer freezes and you do not know which keys to press on the keyboard to restart or shut down the computer. So, let's say your computer is already frozen. Here's what you need to do:

Give the computer some time

You should wait first. Just give your computer a few minutes to process all the data and tasks. If the computer is old or slow enough, it may take a while to process a complex task.

The computer froze?

If nothing happens for a long time, you should make sure that the computer still freezes. You can do this by pressing the Caps Lock button on your keyboard. If the indicator (light) comes on or goes out, it means that the computer continues to work. In this case, proceed to the next step.

If the light does not light up (or does not go out), then the computer is frozen and you need to restart it. Skip the next step and proceed to instructions on how to restart your computer if it freezes.

End the task of the unresponsive program

If Caps Lock turns on and off, then the computer is still working, but another program may not respond, thereby causing the computer to freeze. In this case, you need to press Ctrl + Alt + Del on your keyboard to open the Windows Task Manager. Then highlight the program that is not responding and select End Task.

If Task Manager opens but your computer still freezes, you may have a problem with your mouse.

How to restart your computer if it freezes

If none of the above methods helped, you must restart your computer. To restart your computer if it freezes, you need to press and hold the power button until the computer turns off. The power button should be on the computer case, or on top of the keyboard if you are using a laptop.

When the computer has completely shut down, wait a few seconds, then turn it back on.

Note: When you turn on your computer after restarting, you may see a screen asking if you want to start your computer in Safe Mode or start Windows normally. Select the "Start Windows normally" option and check if the computer is running.

Take your computer to a service center

If none of the above methods helped with your problem, we recommend that you take your computer to a service center. A specialist will diagnose and fix the problem.

Thank you for your attention! Now you know what keys to press if the computer freezes, and how to turn off or restart the computer when it freezes.

Hello dear readers of the blog site! Probably, many users, even beginners, are aware of the existence of the so-called hot keys in Windows OS (they are also called fast, which reflects the essence).

But only a few take full advantage of the advantage they provide when working with applications, files () or when working on the Internet through browsers (in this article I will mention Chrome, Opera, Mazila and IE as the most popular).

I think that the lion's share of readers have a good idea of ​​what this is about. But, keeping in mind that this blog was originally created for those who are just starting their difficult path to mastering modern technologies, I will nevertheless give some clarifications.

Hot keys are a combination, or a combination, of certain buttons on the computer keyboard, which are pressed in a strict sequence (one after the other, and not all together), which allows you to expand the functionality of the operating system, providing you with the actions you need.

Before moving on to specifics, I note that the hotkeys provided below are mostly universal and are valid not only for Windows, but also for other operating systems (for example, Linux). Therefore, the material will be useful to almost everyone.

Basic Windows 7 keyboard shortcuts

For a better perception of the material, we will take as a basis the keyboard combinations implemented in the seven. And just below I will try to present in addition the keyboard shortcuts that appeared in the 8th and 10th modifications of this operating system. All keyboard shortcuts are divided into the following categories in terms of functionality:

• local - activate the desired function only if the window of the software intended for them is open;
• global (for the program) - work in any window, but are intended for the corresponding program;
• global (for the operating system) - they act in any window.

It is worth noting here that the developers of this or that software often set their own hotkeys by default for various operations and commands. In many cases, the user has the opportunity to independently choose those combinations that are convenient for him. You just have to keep in mind that the same combinations for different programs can lead to a conflict of global software hotkeys.

So, one of the most important for Windows is the global combination Ctrl + Alt + Delete, which allows you to go to the menu from where we can lock the computer, change the user, log out, change the password and start the Task Manager.

You can also restart your computer, set hibernation or turn off the machine completely, if you select the desired item from the drop-down menu of the red button in the lower right corner.

By the way, the Dispatcher can be directly activated via Ctrl + Shift + Esc... With its help, we disable this or that operation (remove the task), causing the "freeze" or causing the unstable operation of the system.

A very useful combination is Win + R which opens the Run command dialog box. In a special field, you can enter the name of any program, folder, document or web resource that you want to open.

Below I present a table with the main shortcuts for Windows that help speed up the work at the computer ( Win- the key with the image of the Windows logo):

As I said, these are basic hotkeys that we can use in Windows 7 to speed up our work and save time. For those who are used to doing everything thoroughly, I give a link to the source, where their complete register is presented.

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Find and configure keyboard shortcuts in Windows 7

Basically, in the previous paragraph, I gave a direct link to a complete list of all keyboard shortcuts. Much the same can be obtained by using Help from MicroSoft. To get it, type the combination on the keyboard Win + F1 and enter the corresponding request in the search field. If you check the "Local Help" below, then you don't even need an Internet connection:

From the received heap of results, choose the one you need. And now let's see how you can arrange a change of keyboard shortcuts in your own image and likeness to call any program, or install, if it was not assigned by default.

So, let's see how to configure hotkeys on Windows 7. In order to assign them, select the shortcut of the required program on the desktop and call the "Properties" item, where you insert the cursor into the field opposite the "Quick call" option:

If the line contains "no", then there are no hotkeys installed for this program. To assign them, press any number or letter on the keyboard, as a result a new combination will be entered into the line (Ctrl + Alt will be added automatically):

Click "OK", and that's all, in general. Now this program will start when you type the keyboard shortcuts installed for it. In the future, if you decide to change the combination again, proceed in a similar way. To disable the previously assigned combination, enter the cursor opposite the "Shortcut" and press the "Backspace" key.

Keyboard shortcuts for Windows 8.1

Next, we will supplement the obtained information and try to build a table with the combinations that were added in the eight to optimize work on the computer and save users' time. Of course, I will not give the entire list, as it is very impressive. Let's dwell on the main ones:

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Keyboard shortcuts in Windows 10

Well, in conclusion, we will consider some of the shortcut keys that are present in the latest version of the Windows 10 operating system. The bulk of keyboard shortcuts are still based on Windows 7. But there are also those that activate fundamentally new options, and functions some are slightly modified. We will consider them by examining the next table below:

I emphasize again that the above table does not fully reflect all the combinations, but only those keyboard shortcuts that were added by the developers. Similar to the seven, I direct you to a page with a complete list of combinations for Windows 10.

Browser hotkeys (Chrome, Firefox, Opera, IE)

Now we will analyze some combinations that may be useful to you when working in an open browser window. In principle, the combinations below, which I often use, work quite well for themselves, although there are exceptions, which I will discuss below in the narrative process.

There are just some small nuances, which we'll talk about along the way. At the same time, we will accept by default that Windows is installed on the computer as the most popular OS among users. But, as I noted above, the lion's share of keyboard shortcuts will work in other operating systems.

So let's get started. Sometimes it happens that you accidentally closed the tab with the desired web resource. In this case, you have to waste precious time trying to find the web page again, especially if you did not have time to bookmark it. That's when keyboard shortcuts come to the rescue. Ctrl + Shift + T that make it possible to open the closed tab that you turned off last.

It can be very convenient, without bothering yourself with unnecessary movements of the mouse, to immediately move the cursor to the address bar of the browser. To do this, type Alt + D and then immediately enter the URL of the website you want to go to. If you are on a specific page of a site, then when you press these hot keys, the URL of this resource will be highlighted.

When typing Ctrl + E we give the command to search the browser for information on the entered search query, and not on the URL of the web resource. This is indicated by a question mark in the address bar of the same Chrome:

There are some features worth mentioning here. Let's try to enter the website URL directly (I have Google as the default search):

After that, we get detailed data on the sought resource with all possible main addresses of its web pages, links from other resources where there is a mention of it, reviews, etc.

Now we can just enter the domain name () of the desired site:

In this case, all information on the search results page will be similar to the previous option, but the links will be presented in a slightly different sequence and form.

Some differences will also be observed when searching in Yandex. If you enter the address (c) or the domain of the site according to the standard template (without Ctrl + E), then you will simply go to its main page. Like this. This keyboard shortcut works correctly in, and. But it doesn't seem to work, at least not yet.

Often we need to get the source code of the page, which is called using the combination Ctrl + U... Moreover, in Google Chrome and Opera the code will appear in a new tab, which is very convenient. But when using Mozilla Firefox and IE - in a new window, which, at least for me, causes discomfort. It's good that my working web browser is Chrome.

Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A makes it possible to highlight all the elements on a web page. It helps when you need to quickly copy the content of a web page, which sometimes takes up a decent amount, and it is extremely inconvenient to do it with a mouse.

For example, sometimes I test the correctness of the micro-markup of a particular blog web page in Google's Structured Data Testing Tool, where you can insert the HTML code of the page. This can come in handy for some other cases as well. Then I just press these hotkeys to select all the text and then copy it.

By the way, you can copy the entire content or just a fragment of it to the clipboard using Ctrl + C, and paste the copied into a new location by pressing the keys Ctrl + V... By the way, there are cases when the use of hotkeys for copying and pasting is uncontested, since similar operations with a mouse are impossible.

Let's go further. If we are talking about finding certain fragments of text on the page (say, some word), then it is used special key F3, which causes the appearance of a search string into which you can enter the desired one. In Chrome, this line comes out at the top right:

In the line that appears, enter the desired word, part of it or a phrase. As a result, we instantly get the number of such fragments found on the page. Yellow stripes on the right will indicate those lines of text where this word or phrase is present.

To switch from one found and highlighted in yellow word to another, use the combinations Ctrl + G(to the next) and Ctrl + Shift + G(to the previous one). In this case, the sequence number is counted and the page scrolled to display its location.

Practically such a quick search in the text (it can also be used when writing an article in the editor) helps me a lot in SEO analysis of a freshly baked or edited article. Let's say, in order to remove too often duplicate keys.

By the way, in different browsers this line is located differently, although the search mechanism on the page remains the same. The form described above, as you understand, it takes in Google Chrome. In Opera it appears at the top left, and in Mozilla it appears at the bottom left. And only in Internet Explorer such a search, as far as I know, is not provided.

The next hotkey I would like to tell you about is Ctrl + F5... You are probably aware that using the F5 button causes the active page to reload. However, almost all site owners use caching to speed up them ().

By the way, many webmasters use for these purposes, which is one of the best in its class, so take note. In this case, upon request, users are not given the latest version of the web page, which may already contain some changes, but its cached copy.

So, to get the page not from the cache, but directly its latest version from the server, the key combination Ctrl + F5 is used. This is very convenient, including for viewing the changes made on your own site. In the following table you can choose the desired keyboard shortcut and their purpose when working in browsers:

Here are all the main most commonly used hotkeys that can come in handy when working in popular web browsers. However, for those who want to get the absolute maximum of information, I will additionally present a link to the corresponding help from Chrome, where there is data on this browser and, perhaps, you will find something else useful there.

Is it possible to use a laptop or computer without a touchpad or mouse? Is it possible to open the program without using the menu? At first glance, it seems that this is impossible to accomplish. But nevertheless, you can use your computer at full capacity without endless clicks. In such cases, keyboard shortcuts come to the rescue. The correct use of their combinations can significantly save time.

What are keyboard shortcuts for?

Hot keys or keyboard shortcuts are the ability to interact with a personal computer using only the keyboard. Undoubtedly, for such "communication" far from random key combinations on the keyboard are used. The operating system has built-in actions that are called when certain keys are pressed.

Hot keys are used for more optimized work with a personal computer. These combinations are also called keyboard shortcuts and keyboard accelerators.

Combinations are used most often in cases where you have to work a lot with a mouse or touchpad. It is much faster to select an item from a drop-down menu by pressing one or two keys than to constantly click on a file and search for the desired item.

The keyboard accelerator also helps in working with text. The Word text editor recognizes several dozen combinations, pressing which will cause a specific action: copy, paste, bold, underline, page break, and so on.

But the combinations also have a disadvantage. It lies in the number of combinations. It is very difficult to remember all of them. But even using the most popular will help optimize the work with files, text, browser and dialog boxes.

Using modifier keys

Any owner of a personal computer or laptop noticed that there are keys on the keyboard that do not perform any function on their own. These include Ctrl, Shift and Alt. By clicking them, it is impossible to change anything in the system, browser window or text editor. But they are exactly the modifier keys, thanks to which almost every key combination on or on the computer works.

Correct use of modifiers allows you to open quick access to the settings of the operating system. But such combinations work both globally and locally. With the right combination of buttons, you can create a new folder, rename a file, or disable the keyboard altogether.

Change the keyboard layout: change the keyboard shortcut

All owners of personal computers running on the Windows operating system are aware of the key combination that helps to change the keyboard layout. Windows 10 uses two combinations of Win + Space and Alt + Shift by default. However, this option is not suitable for everyone, so users want to change the keyboard shortcut to change the keyboard layout.

To change the way you change the keyboard layout, you must:

• Open "Options" from the "Start" menu.
• Select "Time and language".
• Go to "Region and language".
• In the window, click on "Additional date and time settings, regional settings."
• In the "Language" item, select "Change the input method".
• In the menu located on the left side of the window, click on "Advanced options".
• In the Switch Input Methods group, select Change Language Bar Keyboard Shortcuts.
• In the dialog box that appears, click on "Change keyboard shortcut" and enter new parameters.
• Save settings.

After application, they will change, and you can change the layout with a new combination.

Entering Special Characters Using Key Combinations

In some situations, it becomes necessary to enter special characters that are not provided by the standard computer keyboard. The keyboard shortcuts and modifier didn't seem to help either.

What to do if you urgently need to insert a copyright sign, an arrow down, up or sideways, a note, or a paragraph into a message or document? There are two ways to enter these characters.

The first way is to work with the text editor "Word". In order to insert a special symbol, you need to open a new document, go to the "Tab" menu and select the "Symbol" item. From the list that appears, click on "Special characters".

Next, a dialog box will pop up in which a list of all special characters will be presented. The user only has to choose the appropriate one. For a more convenient search, special characters are grouped by subject: monetary units, punctuation marks, geometric shapes, technical signs, and so on.

To save time, the special characters window can be invoked by pressing Ctrl + Alt + "-".

The second way is keyboard shortcuts for symbols. To enter special characters from the keyboard, you need to hold down the Alt button and at the same time enter a set of numbers. For example, Alt + 0169 is a code.

All codes are shown below.

How to lock the keyboard using a keyboard shortcut

Unfortunately, there is no single key combination on the Windows 7 keyboard that would only lock the keyboard. F11 + Esc may work on some computers and laptops. Sometimes manufacturers implement special combinations for such tasks in their products. For example, all Acer laptops will lock the keyboard when you press Fn + F7.

Nevertheless, partial blocking of the keyboard on the computer is possible. The Win + L key combination locks not so much the keyboard itself as the operating system. After pressing the keys, the user will be moved to the window for entering the password from the system and changing the account. Only someone who knows the password will be able to log in again.

Keyboard shortcuts for working in the "Word"

There is a whole list of keyboard shortcuts that allow you to optimize the work with documents in the text editor "Word".

To create a new document, just use the Ctrl + N keys.

Ctrl + O - opens a new file.

Ctrl + W - closes the file.

Alt + Ctrl + S - Split file windows.

Alt + Shift + C - removes separation.

Ctrl + S - saves the document.

Alt + Left Arrow - Move to the next page.

Alt + Right Arrow - Move to the previous page.

Alt + Ctrl + I - preview.

Ctrl + P - print.

To switch to reading mode, you will need to successively press the Alt keys - O and E.

Ctrl + D - brings up a window that allows you to change the type, size and properties of the font.

Shift + F3 - changes the type of text: lowercase letters are replaced with uppercase ones.

Ctrl + Shift + F - replace uppercase letters with lowercase.

To make the text "bold", just press Ctrl + B.

Ctrl + I - slant selection of text.

Ctrl + U - Adds an underline.

Ctrl + Shift + W - add double underline.

Ctrl + Shift + D - double underline.

Ctrl + Enter - Insert a page break.

• C - copy a specific table, image or text.
• V - transfer data from the clipboard to the document.
• X - data is written to the clipboard and deleted from the file.
• A - data extraction.
• Z - cancel the last data entry.

There are many more hotkeys to optimize your work with documents. But the list above includes the main and most popular combinations that will be useful to every user.

Working with dialog boxes

Combinations of several buttons on the keyboard allow you to quickly navigate through the dialog boxes of the operating system. Using arrows helps to bring focus to other buttons in the window. The Backspace button moves the user to a folder one level higher. Clicking on "Space" will remove the check mark or check mark.

The Tab button will move to the next active area of ​​the window. To move in the opposite direction, just add the Shift key to the combination.

You can quickly view all open folders and programs by holding Alt + Tab.

Keyboard shortcuts and the Windows button

Key "Windows" or Win for many associated with the "Start" menu. But when combined with other buttons, it works globally.

Kpopka "Windows" +:

• A - call the "Support Center".
• B - allows you to minimize all windows.
• Alt + D - enables or disables the appearance of the current date on the desktop.
• E - quickly opens the explorer.

Windows + K - instantly minimizes active windows.

Win + R - call the "Run" function.

Win + S - opens a window that allows you to search for files and programs on a personal computer.

Win + "+" / "-" - change the scale of the working surface.

Win and enter button lets you launch Narrator.

Win + Esc - Closes the Magnifier application.

You can quickly open the Ease of Access Center by holding down Windows and I.

Win combined with the up or down arrows allows you to resize the dialog box.

Working with a conductor

Pressing Alt + D allows you to move to the address bar.

Ctrl + E - activates the search field.

Ctrl + N is a universal combination that allows you to open a new window in almost any program.

Ctrl combined with scrolling resizes files and folders in a specific window.

Ctrl + Shift + E - displays a list of all folders that precede the active one.

Ctrl + Shift + N - Creates a new folder.

If you press the F2 button after selecting a file or folder, you can immediately rename it. The F11 key activates the view. Pressing it again deactivates it.

Win + Ctrl + D - Allows you to create a new virtual desktop. To switch between them, you need to press Win + Ctrl + left or right arrows.

F1-F12 - the functions assigned to these keys depend on the properties of the specific program currently running, and in some cases, on the properties of the operating system. It is a common convention for most programs that the F1 key brings up the help system, where you can find help on the operation of other keys.

F1 - Calls Windows "Help". When you click from the window of any program - call the help of this program.

F2 - Rename the selected object on the desktop or in the explorer.

F3 - Open the search window for a file or folder (on the desktop and in the explorer).

F4 - Open a drop-down list (for example, the list of the address line in the window "My Computer" or in the explorer).

F5 - Refresh the active window (open web page, desktop, explorer).

F6 - Switch between screen elements in a window or on the desktop. In Explorer and Internet Explorer, navigate between the main part of the window and the address bar.

F7 - Check spelling (in Word, Excel).

F8 - When loading the OS - select the boot mode. Turn on enhanced text selection in Word. The selection of a fragment from the start to the end position of the cursor occurs without holding down the Shift key. Pressing the F8 key a second time selects the word closest to the cursor. The third is a sentence containing it. Fourth - paragraph. Fifth is the document. The easiest way to clear the last selection is by pressing the Shift + F8 keyboard shortcut. You can disable the mode by pressing Esc.

F9 - In some programs, update selected fields.

F10 - Call the window menu.

F11 - Switch to full screen mode and back (for example, in Internet Explorer).

F12 - Go to the choice of parameters for saving the file (File - Save as).

Esc - cancel the last command entered, exit the window menu (remove focus) or close an open dialog.

Tab - Enter tab stops when typing. Move focus through items. For example, moving between the desktop, the Start button, the Quick Launch bar, the taskbar, and the system tray. Moving through the elements (including links) of an open document. Alt + Tab - switch between windows.

Shift is an uppercase key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys to type uppercase letters as well as uppercase letters.

The shortcuts Ctrl + Shift or Alt + Shift are usually used to switch keyboard layouts.

Capslock - upper case (fixed toggle). Used when typing in CAPITAL letters. Pressing the key again cancels this mode.

Alt - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action.

For example, Alt + letter - invokes a menu command or opens a menu column. The corresponding letters in the menu are usually underlined (either initially, or become underlined after pressing Alt). If the menu column is already open, then to call a specific command, you can press the key with the letter that is underlined in this command. The same applies to the open context menu.

Ctrl - used in combination with other keys. For example, Ctrl + C - copy, Ctrl + V - paste, Ctrl + Alt + Del - open the Windows Task Manager.

Win ("start") - Opens the Start menu.

AppsKey - opens the context menu for the selected object (equivalent to right-clicking).

Enter - Confirmation of the selection. Same as double-clicking on an object. Clicking on the currently active button in the dialog. Often - clicking on the "default" button in the dialog. When entering commands from the keyboard - completion of the command input and transition to its execution. When typing - jump to a new paragraph.

Backspace - View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. In text editing mode - deleting a character to the left of the input cursor).

Delete - Deletes the selected object, selected text fragment or character to the right of the input cursor.

Up, Down, Right, and Left arrows - Allows you to navigate through the menu items. Move the input cursor to the corresponding side by one position. The action of these keys in many programs can be modified using the service keys, primarily SHIFT and CTRL.

Home - move the cursor to the beginning of the current line of the document or to the beginning of the file list.

End - move the cursor to the end of the current line of the document or to the end of the file list.

PageUp / PageDown - move the cursor one page up or down. A page usually refers to a portion of a document that is visible on the screen. Used to "scroll" content in the current window.

Insert - Switch between insert and replace modes when editing text. If the text cursor is inside an existing text, then in the insert mode, new characters are entered without replacing existing characters (the text seems to expand). In overwrite mode, new characters replace the text previously at the entry position.

PrtScn (print screen) - Takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. Alt + PrtScn - copy a screenshot of the currently active window (application) to the clipboard.

ScrLk (Scroll Lock) - refers to the service keys. Its short explanation is scroll lock. It is intended for such a mode of displaying on the screen, in which pressing the cursor keys leads to a shift not of the cursor as such, but of the entire contents of the screen. Now this key is used for this purpose very rarely, but, for example, in Excel it works. This is very useful when editing large tables.

Pause / Break - pauses the computer (in DOS it worked everywhere, in modern OS - only during computer boot).

Numlock - Changes the numeric keypad mode. When it is on, it switches the numeric block to the mode of entering numbers; when it is off, the additional keyboard can be used to control the cursor.

Additional numeric keypad.

These keys are popular with dexterous bankers and anyone with a lot of numbers. The numeric keypad resembles a calculator and is located on the right side of the keyboard. (However, for it to work, you must press the Num Lock key. If you do not, you will be dealing with the arrow keys.)

When Num Lock is off, the keys on the numeric keypad will act as cursor keys. They show small arrows showing the direction of the cursor movement on the screen. (The key with the number 5, which did not get the arrow, does nothing, but only fights with low self-esteem.) In addition, the cursor is controlled by the keys with the words "Home", "End", "PgUp" and "PgDn".

To improve your computer efficiency, you just need to know most useful keyboard shortcuts Windows. You can find huge lists of hot keys on the Internet, but remembering everything is hard and unnecessary.

In this IT tutorial, I'll share with you the useful keyboard shortcuts that I use the most.

What are hotkeys?

To begin with, let's figure out what "hot key combinations" we are talking about.

Hotkeys or keyboard shortcut(they are also shortcut keys) are combinations of simultaneously pressed buttons on the keyboard, which allow you to quickly perform any action.

That is, holding down two or three buttons on the keyboard, you replace several actions with the mouse, thereby significantly speeding up your work at the computer.

Where can you use keyboard shortcuts?

On different operating systems(Windows, Linux, Mac OS) different keyboard shortcuts are used, but some are identical.

In most programs hotkeys are also used. Some of them are standard for certain operations (creating a new document, printing), and some are unique for each individual program.

If you constantly use any program, then be sure to familiarize yourself with its hotkeys, this will help speed up your work several times!

Useful Windows keyboard shortcuts

Here are some of the most useful Windows keyboard shortcuts I recommend memorizing. All of these shortcuts use modifier keys ( Ctrl, Alt, Shift and key Windows):

Every computer user should know this!

These Windows keyboard shortcuts should be known to all PC users, they act both with folders and files, and with text.

"Copy", "Cut", "Paste" with the keys:

• Ctrl + C- copy to clipboard (file, folder or text will remain in the current location).
• Ctrl + X- cut to clipboard (file, folder or text will be removed from the current location).
• Ctrl + V- paste from clipboard (copied or cut files, folders or text will appear in the current location).

Select All and Cancel:

To select the entire contents of the current folder or the entire contents of an open document:

• Ctrl + A- select all.

I hope you already know about these hotkeys, but it won't be superfluous to repeat.

But not everyone already knows these combinations:

• Ctrl + Z- undo the previous action (including copying / moving files).
• Ctrl + Y- redo the undone action (i.e. opposite to the previous keyboard shortcut).

Working with documents open in the program

Hotkeys that will save you both time and nerves. Why drag the mouse to the menu " File", After clicking, look for the item" Create" or " new document"(In most programs, the location and name of the items are different), when you can hold down two keys:

• Ctrl + N- creating a new document in the program.

When you type text in Word, you need to save the document often so as not to lose it in the event of various failures. But sometimes it's too lazy to take the mouse once again, look for an icon on the taskbar, or an item in the menu, there is a simple replacement:

• Ctrl + S- save the open document.

These key combinations work in office programs, and in browsers, and in graphic editors; both in "Windows" and in Linux.

Hotkeys for working with program windows

When you have many programs open, and each program has more than one document, it is not difficult to get confused. But these hotkeys will help you quickly switch between programs.

• Alt + Tab- switching between windows of running programs. Hold Alt and keep pressing Tab to navigate to other programs (see).
• Alt + Shift + Tab- flipping open programs in reverse order (the same Alt + Tab, but back) with a large list of open programs can be very convenient.
• Ctrl + Tab- switching between bookmarks of an open window, switching between documents open in the program (for example, you can quickly switch between two open files in Word).
• Win + 1, Win + 2 ... Win + 0- switching between open programs by number on the taskbar. Launching programs pinned to the taskbar (we have already discussed in more detail).

Use these keyboard shortcuts to quickly close unnecessary documents.

• Alt + F4- close the active program.
• Ctrl + F4- closing one document in the program or tab (the program itself continues to work).

Lots of programs open but need to quickly see the desktop? You are welcome:

• Win + D- minimize all windows and show the desktop (press again to return all windows to their place!).

Let's start with keys that do not need a combination, pressing which individually performs an operation.

• F1- in most programs calls help system("Help" or "Help")
• Backspace – jump back in the explorer window and in browsers (the previous open folder or the previous page of the site).
• Tab- each time you press activates another element program windows for keyboard control (open a new browser window and press the Tab key several times, watching where the blinking cursor or selection moves). In text editors, pressing TAB indents text at a standard distance - very convenient, but more on that in one of the future IT-lessons.
• Esc – closes dialog boxes, various menus and some programs. Also, cancels performed actions(if you get lost in the open windows of the program and are afraid to accidentally change the settings, then press ESC until you return to the main window).
• Win- opens and closes menu "".

I have already mentioned some of the listed combinations in previous IT-lessons, so as not to load you with a huge list of new combinations today.

Keyboard shortcut book

Want to learn more keyboard shortcuts? Then leave a useful comment and get a book as a gift"Magic keyboard shortcuts"! You can read more about the book.