Physics and technology of semiconductors electronic version of the journal. Module start page

12.5.3. FTP Server Log

Once logged into the system, hackers often upload their own programs to the server to increase their rights or to open secret doors. You can use FTP protocol for uploading. Who connected to the server can be found from the file / var / log / secure... But what they uploaded - will tell / var / log / xferlog... We talked a little about the FTP server log in sect. 10.3... Now let's get to know him better.

The FTP server log is text, like that of the mail server, but we consider it separately. From my practice, if you use the FTP service, then it is he who most often leads to problems. No, the program is good enough, but an attacker, as a rule, tries to gain access to an account with FTP rights in order to be able to host his combat software on the server. With the help of log analysis, you will quickly find out who downloaded what.

Let's look at an example of the contents of the file / var / log / xferlog:

Sun Jan 16 13:21:28 2005 1 192.168.77.10 46668 /home/flenov/sendmail.cf b _ o r flenov ftp 0 * c

From this line you can see that on January 16 at 13:21 the user downloaded the file from the address 192.168.77.10 /home/flenov/sendmail.cf.

The FTP protocol is the most dangerous because through it an attacker can download secret data (for example, a file with passwords) or put his program on the server (in particular, a rootkit or a Trojan). You must learn to understand each entry in order to know what is happening with the files on the system. Let's take a look at each parameter in the log:

A complete date, which consists of the day of the week, month, date, time, and year;

Session duration or time spent downloading / uploading a file;

The name or IP address of the remote host;

File size in bytes;

Full path to the file that was downloaded or uploaded;

Transfer type - letter a (symbolic) or b (binary);

A character that defines special actions on a file:

U - unzipped;

T - processed by the tar program;

There was no action;

Symbol defining the direction of transfer: o (downloading from the server) or i (uploading to the server);

A character that identifies the type of user: a (anonymous), g (guest), or r (valid);

Local username. For anonymous users, you can see the ID number here;

Service name, usually ftp;

Authentication method. Here you can see 0 if there was no authentication, or 1 for RFC 931 identification;

User ID. If it is not defined, then an asterisk can be seen;

A symbol identifying the status of the transfer: with (successful) or i (aborted).

If you have never worked with the FTP log, then I advise you to stop for a minute now and carefully study the example line shown above and the entries from your log. You should always approach the problem already prepared, and not study it after it arises, otherwise you will fail.

Module start page

FTP (English File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol designed for transferring files over computer networks. An FTP server allows you to host files and share them over the network. Anonymous login and authorization by login and password are supported. Different access rights can be set for users.

When entering a module, its status is displayed, the "Disable" button (or "Enable" if the module is disabled) and the last messages in the log.

Server settings

The Settings tab allows you to define the following parameters:

Port- defines the protocol data port (by default, standard port 21)

Passive FTP ports... Initially, the protocol assumed an oncoming TCP connection from server to client to transfer a file or directory contents. This made it impossible to communicate with the server if the client is behind NAT, moreover, often the connection request to the client is blocked by the firewall. To avoid this, an extension of the FTP passive mode protocol was developed, when the connection for data transfer also occurs from the client to the server. For these purposes, a range of ports is allocated to which clients can connect. The more concurrent connections clients make, the wider this range should be.

Maximum number of connections- the maximum number of simultaneously connected clients.

Maximum number of connections from one login- limits the user to the number of simultaneously created FTP sessions from his login (unlimited by default).

Maximum number of connections from one host- limits the user to the number of connections from one ip-address (unlimited by default).

FTPS certificate... The server can operate both under the standard protocol, in which data is not encrypted during file transfer (which is unsafe), and over FTPS (File Transfer Protocol + SSL, or FTP / SSL), a secure file transfer protocol. For these purposes, SSL certificates are used. By clicking the […] button, you can assign a certificate previously created in the corresponding module to the service.

Resource management

You can add a new resource by going to the "FTP resources" tab and clicking on the "Add" - "FTP resource" button.

After you enter a name and description for the resource, you need to add a directory from the file repository structure. Click the [...] button in the "source" column and specify the folder where the contents of the FTP-share will be located. If necessary, you can create a new folder in the directory.

In the "Access rights" window, select users or groups and mark the access rights to the resource for them. Allow guest access- by checking this item you provide the ability to view and change the FTP resource files to anyone who connects to the server.

To define more precisely the rights of users, click the […] button in the line of the corresponding user or group. In the window that appears, check the boxes for the required rights.

Magazine

The "Log" tab contains a summary of all system messages from the FTP server. The magazine is divided into pages, with the "forward" and "back" buttons you can go from page to page, or enter the page number in the field and switch directly to it.

Log entries are highlighted in color depending on the type of message. Regular system messages are marked in white, system status messages (power on / off, user connection) - in green, errors - in red.

There is a search bar in the upper right corner of the module. With its help, you can search the journal for the entries you need.

The log always displays events for the current date. To view events on another day, select the required date using the calendar in the upper left corner of the module.

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5.4. The price of enabling the User, an individual, to view, read and download the Works is indicated on the Website of the "Electronic Library System" in the relevant sections. To users who are legal entities, prices are sent by the "Site Administration" upon request via the agreed communication channels. The "Site Administration" has the right to unilaterally change the current prices by posting relevant information on the Site of the "Electronic Library System" or informing Users in any other accessible way. Any price change does not apply to already paid access.

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6.1. The user assumes full responsibility and risks associated with the use of the Catalog.

6.2. The user is fully responsible for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

6.3. The User is fully responsible for the use by third parties of the information transmitted by the "Site Administration" to the email address specified by the User during registration.

6.4. The "Site Administration" is not responsible for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Catalog.

6.5. The "Site Administration" is not responsible for the quality of access to the Catalog via the Internet.

6.6. Under no circumstances is the "Site Administration" responsible for the use of the Login and Password by third parties.

6.7. The "Site Administration" is not responsible for direct or indirect damage incurred by the User as a result of data transmission errors, failures / defects in the operation of software and / or equipment, data loss and damage, data processing or display errors, delays in data transmission and others failures that occurred through no fault of the "Site Administration".

6.8. The site of the "Electronic Library System" and all related services are provided on an "as is" basis, without any direct or indirect guarantees that the specified Site and (or) services may or may not be suitable for specific purposes of use.

6.9. The "Site Administration" is not responsible for the inability to use the Site and (or) related services by the User for any reason, including but not limited to: errors, omissions, interruptions, deletion, defects, delays in processing or transferring data, disruption of work communication lines, equipment malfunction, any technical failures or other problems of any telephone networks or services, computer systems, servers or providers, computer or telephone equipment, software, failure to fulfill the obligations of suppliers of certain services, theft, destruction or illegal access to User materials posted on the Site or anywhere else, etc.

6.10. Under no circumstances is the "Site Administration" responsible for any expenses of the User or direct or indirect damage, including lost profits or lost data, damage to honor, dignity or business reputation that may be caused to the User as a result of using the Site and (or) related services ...

6.11. If it is impossible for the "Electronic Library System" to provide the User with the ability to view, read and download the Works for reasons beyond the control of the Site Administration, the Site Administration, upon the User's request, refunds the received advance payment. In this case, the amount of responsibility of the "Site Administration" is limited to the amount of the advance payment received from the User for the ability to view, read and download the Work, which was not provided.

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7.1. The Agreement enters into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of the Agreement (each Appendix to the Agreement comes into force from the moment the User accepts the terms of this Appendix) and is valid until the Parties fully fulfill their obligations.

8. Force majeure circumstances

8.1. The Parties are exempt from liability for partial or complete failure to fulfill obligations under this Agreement in the event that such failure was a direct consequence of force majeure circumstances (force majeure) that arose after the conclusion of the Agreement, as a result of extraordinary events, namely: fire, floods, hurricane and earthquake or the imposition by public authorities of restrictions on the activities of any of the Parties, and if these circumstances the Parties could neither foresee nor prevent by reasonable measures.

9. Other conditions

9.1. In the event that any provision or any part of the Agreement is declared invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions and parts of the Agreement remain in full force and effect.

9.2. In all other respects, the Parties to the Agreement agreed to be guided by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

9.3. The "Site Administration" has the right to amend the Agreement with the obligatory posting of the relevant information on the Site of the "Electronic Library System" no later than 30 (thirty) calendar days prior to the entry into force of the relevant changes.

9.4. The relationship between the "Site Administration" and the User, who are legal entities, are regulated on the basis of separately concluded Agreements, which specify the specific conditions of the relationship between the Parties.

9.5. For any questions that arise, the User has the right to contact the Site Support Service at the email address:

10. Dispute Resolution

10.1. Disputes and disagreements that may arise under this Agreement are resolved by observing the pre-trial (claim) procedure. The term for consideration by the "Site Administration" of the claim is 10 (Ten) calendar days from the date of its receipt from the User.

10.2. If the Parties do not come to an agreement, these disputes and disagreements are resolved in court in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the court at the location of FSUE Publishing House Nauka in accordance with the rules of jurisdiction and jurisdiction.

11. Privacy Notice

11.1. The User's consent to the provision of personal information is determined by agreement with this public offer, which occurs automatically when the User goes through the registration procedure on the Site.

11.2. In accordance with the Federal Law "On Personal Data" No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006 and this privacy policy, the Site Administration does not use, process or store the User's personal data.

11.3. The "Site Administration" collects and stores only the User's data necessary for the functioning of the Site. The “Site Administration” may use the User's data to identify him, clarify payment data, provide personalized services, provide feedback to the User, process applications and requests, perform impersonal statistical calculations and improve the quality of services provided to the User.

Scientometric indicators

Usage

• 30352 Full Text Downloads 2018

  Springer measures downloads of full text from the SpringerLink platform according to COUNTER (Counting Online Usage of NeTworked Electronic Resources) standards.

• 26 Usage Factor 2017/2018

  The Usage Factor is a value calculated according to the rules recommended by COUNTER. This is the average (median) number of downloads in 2017/18. for all articles published online in the same journal during the same period. The utilization factor calculation is based on data conforming to COUNTER standards on the SpringerLink platform.

Influence

• 0.691 Impact Factor 2018

  Impact Factor published by Clarivate Analytics in Journal Citation Reports. Impact factors refer to the previous year.

• 0.78 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2018

  Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) measures the citation contextual impact of a journal by weighing citations in each subject group. The contribution of each individual citation is the higher in each specific subject category, the less likely (for reasons of subject content) that such a citation will occur.

• Q3 Quartile: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics 2018

  A set of journals from one subject category are ranked according to their SJR and divided into 4 groups called quartiles. Q1 (green) combines the journals with the highest scores, Q2 (yellow) the next highest, Q3 (orange orange) the third highest SJR, Q4 (red) the lowest scores.

• 0.31 SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2018

  The SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) is a measure of the scientific impact of a journal that takes into account the number of citations received by the journal and the ranking of the citing journals.

• 37 Hirsch Index 2018

SCOPE

Semiconductors is a journal that covers semiconductor theory, transport phenomena in semiconductors, optics, magnetooptics, and electrooptics of semiconductors, devices based on semiconductors and nanostructures including lasers, semiconductor surface physics, and structural defects in semiconductors.

Indexing and summarizing

Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch), Journal Citation Reports / Science Edition, SCOPUS, INSPEC, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), Google Scholar, CNKI, Current Abstracts, Current Contents Collections / Electronics & Telecommunications Collection, Current Contents / Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, EBSCO Academic Search, EBSCO Advanced Placement Source, EBSCO Discovery Service, EBSCO Energy & Power Source, EBSCO Engineering Source, EBSCO Science & Technology Collection, EBSCO STM Source, EBSCO TOC Premier, Gale, Gale Academic OneFile, Gale InfoTrac, INIS Atomindex, International Bibliography of Book Reviews (IBR), International Bibliography of Periodical Literature (IBZ), OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service, ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database, ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection, ProQuest Technology Collection, ProQuest-ExLibris Primo, ProQuest-ExLibris Summon.