Electronic crafts for the car. Do-it-yourself amateur radio circuits and homemade products

Many electrical appliances can be repaired or made new with your own hands. For this house, there is always something that can be converted to perform new functions: an old electronic clock, a children's car, a disused computer, and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or redone. For work it is better to have a workshop with tools.

Equipped home craftsman's workshop

Power Supply

Homemade electronic devices need to be powered by different voltages. In particular, an adjustable power supply is needed for soldering. Such an opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 microcircuit, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Diagram of an adjustable power supply

Devices based on this circuit allow you to change the output voltage in the range of 1.2-30 V, using a variable resistor P1. The allowable current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of transformer.

Adjustment of the voltmeter is performed by a trimming resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at an output voltage of the circuit of 30 V.

The more power is allocated on the microcircuit, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heat, it requires a heatsink with a cooler.

A homemade board with an LM-317 chip is placed in a case - a computer power supply. A voltmeter and clamps to the output wires are installed on the front panel made of textolite.

Simple autoprobe

A probe for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.

The two indication circuits are connected in series to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first one consists of a resistor R1 and an LED HL1, which lights up when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is being charged.

Scheme and design: a) a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) self-made design of an autoprobe

When the circuit is being tested, current flows from the battery through circuit HL2, R2. At the same time, the HL2 LED lights up. Its brightness will be greater, the lower the resistance of the circuit.

Like all homemade products, the probe can be constructed in many ways, for example, by placing it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or a household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional features.

Electric appliances for heat treatment of meat products without the use of fuel are made for a small number of servings and can be used at home or in the country. To cook a shish kebab, with the help of an electric barbecue, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street at the barbecue.

In specialized stores, you can choose any device, but the price decides a lot. If you have the skills to handle electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric barbecue with your own hands.

Designs are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome filament. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with the product around. They are attached to the top. It is advisable to make skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slip down during cooking.

Type of vertical electric grill

For high-quality cooking of a shish kebab with your own hands, skewers should be placed as close as possible to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not fry, but will dry.

Pieces of the product, no larger than 40 mm in size, are mounted on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the coil is heated.

The basis of the heater is a heat-resistant ceramic tube, on which a spiral is wound. Mounting at the bottom is done using a special cartridge.

In the round base, special cups are attached to collect fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers vertically.

Cups are made from stainless steel. From below, they have cruciform protrusions, which are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside they have mounted devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.

The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. You can make a common removable tray for all skewers.

The cross section of the supply wire is selected according to the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country, there should be a 16 A socket for it.

timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of a site from a container at a certain time. They can be connected to valves with any capacity.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then the old wall clock comes to the rescue, which is in good condition, but is no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and 3 reed switches on the dial.

Timer scheme for watering plants, in which a wall clock is applied

As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 hours, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the hands will move to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 will be supplied to close the valve.

The diagram shows a "rain sensor", which in wet weather closes the transistor VT1 and the valve remains permanently closed. Manual control of the solenoid valve is also provided through the buttons S1 and S2.

The clock can be set to any time the valve is turned on.

Car with remote control

Homemade radio-controlled models capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. To assemble with your own hands, you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a body.

There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all, you need to decide which machine is best to make. The control panel can be wired or radio controlled.

When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. There should be no notches, inclusions and other mechanical defects on the plastic. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should turn easily. Grip with the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels in this regard are much worse.

It is better for a beginner to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any case or make according to your sketch.

The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are mounted on the chassis of a mini-car. If a kit with accessories is purchased, assembly instructions are included with it.

After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is regulated. The body on the chassis is installed after everything works.

You can assemble mini-copies at home as follows:

• the car is assembled carefully and by common efforts;
• materials of parts of the model may differ from the original;
• small and insignificant details can be omitted.

The model can be made without looping on a certain brand of car. Much depends on finances and the availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with a child is of great educational value.

Work on assembling the car model is carried out according to plan. Some parts need to be bought, but old toys can be used.

The motor must match the weight of the device in terms of power. Fresh batteries or accumulators are used for power.

If you use a special autoconstructor, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:

• the frame is assembled first;
• the motor is mounted and adjusted;
• a power supply is installed;
• an antenna with a radio unit is fixed;
• wheels are installed and adjusted.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many homemade tricks are revealed in this video.

Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find a use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry without a purpose. Useful do-it-yourself crafts often turn out to be better than factory-made products.

One of the common hobbies of amateurs and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be performed at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, “clean”. The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical components.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing car electronic devices.

DIY in the kitchen

Homemade kitchen electronics can be an addition to existing accessories and accessories. Industrial and home-made electric barbecue grills are very popular among residents of apartments.

Another common example of do-it-yourself home-made kitchen products by a home electrician are timers and automatic switching on of lighting above work surfaces, electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changes in the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, may cause “misunderstanding and rejection” of regulatory organizations. In addition, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Home-made devices for a car are most widely used among owners of domestic brands of transport, which are distinguished by a minimum number of additional functions. The following schemes are in great demand:

• Sound signaling devices of turns and inclusion of a manual brake;
• Battery and alternator operating modes indicator.

More experienced radio amateurs are engaged in equipping their car with parking sensors, electronic window lifters, automatic light sensors for controlling low beam headlights.

Homemade for beginners

Most beginner radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical "growing up" from a novice radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced hobbyists, many manufacturers produce ready-made construction kits that contain a printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such kits allow you to develop such skills:

• Reading circuit and wiring diagrams;
• Correct soldering;
• Adjustment and adjustment according to the finished method.

Among the sets, electronic watches of various versions and degrees of complexity are very common.

As a field of application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys using simpler circuits or converting industrial designs to their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio-electronic crafts from worn out parts of computer technology.

home workshop

For independent design of radio electronic devices, a certain minimum of tools, fixtures and measuring instruments is required:

• soldering iron;
• Side cutters;
• Tweezers;
• Screwdriver Set;
• pliers;
• Multifunction tester (avometer).

On a note. When planning to do electronics with your own hands, you should not immediately take on complex designs and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs started their journey with the use of the simplest soldering iron 220V 25-40W, and from the measuring instruments in the home laboratory, the most massive Soviet tester Ts-20 was used. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

It makes no sense for a novice radio amateur to buy an expensive soldering station if there is no necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after the lapse of sometimes quite a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice amateur may need is an oscilloscope. For those already versed in electronics, the oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measurement tools.

Inexpensive Chinese-made digital instruments can be successfully used as an avometer. With rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, importantly, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

Speaking about the home workshop at homemade, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. It's solder and flux. The most common solder is the POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high soldering reliability. Most of the solders used for soldering various devices are analogues of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced with it.

Ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after operation, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and a thin film of rosin formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components, under no circumstances should active fluxes be used. This is especially true of soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such a flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

For tinning highly oxidized leads, it is better to use an active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder, which includes flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside of which there is rosin.

Prototyping boards made of double-sided foil fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited for mounting elements.

Security measures

Doing electricity is associated with a risk to health and even life, especially if do-it-yourself electronics are designed with mains power. Homemade electrical devices should not use transformerless AC household power. As a last resort, such devices should be configured by connecting them to the network through an isolation transformer with a transformation ratio equal to one. The voltage at its output will correspond to the mains voltage, but at the same time, reliable galvanic isolation will be provided.

A selection of original and interesting circuit solutions and improvements for various types of car.

Automatic car charger- The circuit turns on the battery for charging when the voltage on it drops to a certain level and turns it off when the maximum is reached.
Charger for the car on the integrated circuit LM7815- The basis of the circuit is an integrated circuit LM7815 with a protection system and analog indicator circuits. A voltmeter and an ammeter added to the circuit as indicators provide current and voltage monitoring while the battery is charging.
Voltage polarity switch for the charger - designed to charge twelve-volt car batteries. Its main feature is that it allows the connection of a battery, with any polarity.
Automatic charger for automotive lead-acid batteries
Charger for powerful car batteries- based on the IR2153 chip, this is a self-clocked half-bridge driver, which is quite often used in industrial ballasts for fluorescent lamps

Engine overheat sensor. In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator turns into steam, you can use the design on the DS1821 thermostat
Ice sensor As soon as the air temperature drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the LED fixed on the dashboard of the car will start flashing, with a further decrease in temperature, the LED flashes at a higher frequency. And if the temperature drops to - 1 degree or lower, the LED will light up to - 6 degrees, and then the device automatically turns off.
Seat belt sensor If you drive with seat belts not fastened, you can get injured in an accident, or run into a fine. In the arsenal of a radio amateur there are special developments that signal to the driver that the belt is not fastened
Radiator water level indicator. The device signals a decrease in the water level, which will inevitably lead to overheating of the motor.
Voltage indicator in the car's on-board network On most cars there is no device, according to which the driver could judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the car's on-board network varies over a wide range, depending on the mode of operation of the power supply system.
Schematic diagram of the pre-sleep driver status indicator As you know, up to 25-30% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver in the process of driving a vehicle, telemetric systems have been developed to control the frequency of blinking his eyelids, register biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, the need to fix various sensors on the skin of the driver.

A radio amateur selection on the topic of lighting in the car, as well as home-made designs from backlighting the back number to replacing light bulbs in the instrument panel: LED repeater, automatic anti-dazzle lamp, dipped beam diagrams, designs and fixtures for headlights, Stop signal, its purpose and refinement, Scheme for delaying turning on and off the light in the car, Running lights automatic control circuit on a microcontroller, etc.

Making a neutral sensor. Many car enthusiasts know that it is rather difficult to install a car alarm with auto start on a car with a manual transmission, and by switching the alarm to the "automatic" mode, you can get an unpleasant result. But, in order to solve these problems, you can make the autorun operation safer by installing a neutral sensor from a reed switch. Recall that for autostart with a manual gearbox, the logical neutral setting of the car for an alarm and blocking the doors can only be done with the engine running and the handbrake raised. If these conditions are not met, then autorun is not possible.
Anti-theft simulator simulates your car's engine failures
Infrared remote anti-theft device. The schemes of remote security devices for a car on IR rays, in which information coding is used, are considered.
Recommendations for installing car alarms What can be done to prevent car theft? Of course, put an anti-theft system. Currently, there are many different types of signaling devices. Many firms and installation stations can offer the car owner a number of ways to protect the car from theft. A good alarm is not a guarantee of complete security. You also need a competent, and sometimes non-standard installation of an alarm. A qualified installer knows the most common methods used by hijackers and uses this knowledge when installing
Simple starter blocking circuit consists of only one resistor and an optocoupler.
Diagram of a simple bicycle anti-theft system This design for a bicycle will work if you change its position, or if you touch it. The alarm sound signal lasts 30 seconds, and after a few seconds, it repeats and so on until the bicycle anti-theft device is turned off.
Wireless car alarm- blocks the car engine using any mobile phone or smartphone

Articles about the manufacture of tools and devices for the maintenance and repair of cars and their main components with their own hands: Maintenance of car batteries; schemes of stroboscopes-tachometers; Thickness gauge for car paintwork; Homemade regrower for cutting the tread and other original designs.

We bring to the attention of radio amateurs a circuit of an electronic "ground" switch that does not have mechanical contacts and therefore is more reliable and durable. In addition, this device can also be used as an anti-theft device.

Parktronic is a special auxiliary device that provides additional convenience, especially for a novice car enthusiast, when parking by calculating the distance to obstacles closest to the car and signaling the approach to them with sound and visual signs. All parking sensors work like a radar, i.e. they emit ultrasonic waves with special ultrasonic sensors and analyze the sound signal reflected from obstacles

It's the 21st century, and car speedometers in most cars are still analog, processing signals from a conventional speed sensor. Let's correct this misunderstanding by nav to help, a simple speedometer circuit on a microcontroller for DIY

Of course, this is not a professional device, but its modest capabilities will allow you to identify the degree of alcohol concentration for the driver's self-control in order to prevent trouble on the road.

I think every car enthusiast will not refuse to have an additional service connector in the car, adapted for USB or miniUSB. Such adapters will help out in many situations, for example, powering PC peripherals, charging mobile phones or smartphones, event video recorders, and everything that is powered by the USB bus.

Motion sensors (DD) can be used not only for their intended purpose to turn on the light or as an element of a burglar alarm, but also in cars. For example, it will scare away a cat that decided to bask under the soot of your car, thereby saving her life, and you will save yourself from the work of cleaning your engine from the remains of a poor animal. After all, infrared DD will react to any moving biological object that has a "thermal" background.

There are many nodes in the car to control the inclusion and serviceability of which is quite difficult, and for these purposes an audible signaling device is ideal, in addition, its use while reversing informs surrounding pedestrians and other drivers about the vehicle moving backwards, which is especially important for large trucks

I propose to your court, familiarize yourself with a simple diagram of a car glass closer. It performs the role of lifting the windows at the moment when the car is put on a burglar alarm. Stopping the operation of the window regulator device is carried out as a result of an increase in the flowing current in the load at the moment the windows are fully raised.

Automobile electric fuel pump device, principle of operation and repair. As an example, consider the device and principle of operation of the BOSCH submersible electric fuel pump series 0580254, which is used in all modifications of the K-Jefronic fuel injection system.

car alarm It is designed to simulate a car horn, and is made on composite transistors and thyristors.

Many have portable receivers and tape recorders with a 9 volt krona battery. On the road, it is convenient to power them from the car battery without wasting the resource of expensive batteries. It is impossible to connect such radio equipment directly to the battery, since its voltage can vary from 10 to 15 V. In addition, when the engine is running, impulse noise appears in the vehicle's on-board network

A selection of simple schemes for motorists: Anti-sleep buzzer, ice alarms, Crankcase gas cleaner, Device for quick start of the engine in any frost, Compressometer, Anti-radar, Aerodynamic nozzle on the exhaust pipe and other structures

A collection of wiring diagrams for cars is a very large selection.

The circuits considered below on microcontrollers output to a two-digit digital indicator with a common anad readings from a 40l fuel sensor. The structures are powered from the vehicle's on-board network. A native car sensor in the tank is connected to the "in" input.

Probably all drivers at least once forgot to turn off the direction indicators after making a maneuver? Regular clicks from the front panel are not always well heard, especially if music is playing in the cabin, so I suggest adding your car with a simple do-it-yourself turn signal indicator circuit.

The cigarette lighter is one of the few automotive features that has retained its original design for more than 70 years during its appearance. As a result of this, the same design is used on both rare cars and the most modern models. Of course, in the old days this device was used only for the sake of one function, although now in the modern “information world” it performs different functions, for example, a connector for charging various digital gadgets or even starting a car.

Amateur radio turn signal circuits designed to only work with the LEDs in your car's brake lights, if you're still using regular bulbs you can easily replicate the turn signal light design. Easy Development" Stop lights"- a homemade time relay will turn off the latter if they burn for more than 40-60 seconds, and turn relay upgrade 495.3747 will make it possible to introduce LEDs instead of incandescent lamps into the standard VAZ or GAZ equipment.

The proposed first version of the car windshield wiper relay upgrade has a higher reliability and can provide dynamic braking of the engine. No alterations to the standard electrical circuit are required. Fairly simple options for upgrading the wiper relay will allow you not to be distracted by turning the wipers on and off. In addition, many older cars have a simple windshield wiper speed control - two fast-slow settings - not much tweaking is needed. And install a humidity sensor and water drops that fall on it will start the circuit themselves.

A car monitor with rear view cameras is a very important element in your car, because in modern urban realities you have to be a parking master to find a place to park your car. An example of installing a monitor in a car visor is clearly shown, which makes the image optimally located for the driver's eyes.

In our time, more than ever, the issue of accounting and saving energy resources, including fuel for vehicles, is acute. Of the wide variety of devices that take into account fuel consumption, the most widely used are devices with a sensor recording element in the form of an impeller. Sensors with a different measurement principle, although they have sufficient accuracy, are difficult to manufacture and have disadvantages. Practice has shown that impeller sensors, made with the necessary and sufficient accuracy, can work for years without requiring maintenance, with an error in registration below the tolerance for this type of device.

The ignition system is a combination of various automotive devices and devices that generate an electrical spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine at the moment the ignition system key is turned. On this page you can find various schemes for connecting the ignition of VAZ cars. As well as home-made amateur radio variants of the electronic ignition circuit

It has the following advantages: the spark power is increased, the breaker contacts do not burn; no resistor is needed in the ignition coil circuit; when the ignition is on, but the engine is not running, the circuit smoothly without a spark, turns off

In the Soviet automobile industry, the turn signal interrupter of the PC57 type was of the electromagnetic principle of operation and was used to ensure the flashing of signal lamps, which makes the turn signal to other traffic participants more visible and noticeable. The turn signal breaker is connected in series to the circuit of signal lamps signaling the turn. As part of the article, we will consider options for replacing this electromagnetic device with its electronic counterparts.

Probably every motorist forgot in the warm season to close the windows in the car so that this does not happen again, I propose to assemble a circuit designed to automatically close all windows in the car when setting the alarm. Let's consider several possible options for implementing the design from simple circuits with a relay to a microcontroller-based power window control.

Each driver of a heavy vehicle or bus with an on-board network voltage of 24 volts faced the problem of connecting a 12 volt consumer. This article provides a solution to this problem.

In all modern cars, when the engine temperature reaches a critical point, the radiator cooling fan is activated. But there are a lot of negative effects of a sharp start, which over time affects the electrics of the vehicle. This article describes a diagram of an option to replace the cooling fan soft start relay.

Carburettors were installed on cars for many years, until they gradually made their place for various fuel injection systems. But the automotive age of Russian cars is long, and you still have to deal with vehicles that still have a carburetor. Well, as you know, its normal operation is ensured by some devices, among them the main one is a fuel saver. It is about him that we will talk, and also consider the scheme of the forced idle economizer system for VAZ cars

A car starter is a device that provides engine start after a turn in all weather conditions. Almost all starters, by their nature, are ordinary electric motors of short duration, but of high power. The startup cycle of a typical device consists of three attempts with a 30 second interval between them. Since the car has a single source of electricity (battery), the engineers chose a DC electric motor for starters.

Every car owner who has driven a budget car knows how long it takes to get heat from the engine when it warms up in the winter, especially if you live in the northern part of the largest country in the world. The time to set a comfortable temperature is about 30 minutes, and so every morning. The best idea for solving this problem, in my opinion, is to heat the car interior with a fan heater. An old toaster and a faulty computer power supply helped bring the idea to life.

In winter, for many Russian drivers, the time begins when a preheated engine is required to travel by car. The car antifreeze heating scheme helps to solve this problem. The first considered is easy enough to repeat.

Heated steering wheel, along with heated seats, mirrors, windows, is not a luxury these days, but an indicator of the level that a person lives in a civilized country. All of the above parameters in a private car are very convenient, and help the driver to focus only on driving, and not on his frozen fingers.

This design is designed to generate a sound signal when trucks and buses move backward, while automatically starting to generate a sound signal warning of danger.

The main advantage of the second battery is that the accumulated energy is consumed through an additional battery, and the first one is in reserve, that is, you don’t have to worry about starting the car after a picnic far from civilization. Many foreign cars already have a second battery under the hood. Their only drawback is the parallel connection of 2 batteries

This amateur radio design is suitable for charging most smartphones and tablets from 5 volts even with the ignition off. Or it will allow you to power the DVR for 40 minutes, while the car is waiting for its owner in the parking lot. The basis of the circuit is the AVR Tiny13 microcontroller, the firmware is attached to it.

If you have a low-frequency speaker lying around somewhere, then it will not be bad for him to assemble a simple amplifier for a subwoofer on tda7377

Car radio from the module with aliexpress

Do-it-yourself lithium battery 12 Volt

Many people use the popular 12 V 7.2 Ah lead-acid battery in some devices. This battery can be found in many devices, from children's electric cars to UPS, or systems for maintaining the voltage of critical devices in the event of a power failure. Why is he so popular? The price is its main advantage and probably the only one.

voltmeter connection with aliexpress

A voltmeter with REM came to me by mail from China. First of all, I checked his work at home using a computer power supply. And by the way, let me tell you something else. some people wrote to me that REM does not work on them, and that the voltmeter works constantly, even when the GU is turned off. At first I thought so too.

Do-it-yourself booster to start a car

When winter approaches, a common problem for drivers is that the battery may not always start the car, it is either planted, and the battery itself does not work very well in frost.

A good solution would also be to create DIY booster.

In simple terms, this is the same external battery (power bank) as for the phone, only this time for our car.

Charging for a car battery from modules with Ali

With the onset of the cold season, the motorist is increasingly faced with how to charge the battery for the car.

In this article, we will not need much, because we will collect do-it-yourself charger from modules from the well-known site-Aliexpress.

How to connect a consumer with a supply voltage of 12v to a 24v network

how to connect a consumer with a supply voltage of 12v to a 24v network

(voltage converter 24v-12v)

It is known that in some cars, the on-board network is not 12 volts, which is most common, but 24 Volts.

And here some difficulties arise, but how to connect the same anti-radar or video recorder or other consumer operating from 12 volts.

To do this, it will be good to assemble a converter for a car, which will be our 24 Volts, convert 12 Volts. And you can install a cigarette lighter on these 12 Volts, and our consumers will already turn on there.

Subwoofer box filler

How to choose a filler for the case in the subwoofer.

When creating a subwoofer with your own hands, you should also consider which filler to choose for the box, and also take into account such rules as.

1) The material of the box should be as deaf as possible. (Knock on plywood 8ke and then 20ke and you will understand what I mean)

2) The box should be as strong as possible. (joints and joints must be stronger than the material itself)

Those who are engaged in radio electronics at home are usually very inquisitive. Amateur radio circuits and homemade products will help you find a new direction in creativity. Perhaps someone will find an original solution to a particular problem. Some homemade products use ready-made devices, connecting them in various ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.

One of the easiest crafts. More suitable for those who are just starting to tinker. If you have an old but working cell phone with a button to turn on the player, you can use it, for example, to make a doorbell to your room. Benefits of this call:

First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are fastened with screws or brackets, which are carefully bent. When disassembling, you will need to remember what goes for what, so that later you can reassemble everything.

The player's power button is soldered on the board, and two short wires are soldered instead. These wires are then glued to the board so as not to tear off the solder. The phone is going. It remains to connect the phone to the call button through a two-wire wire.

Homemade for cars

Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when homemade devices are simply necessary. For example, something broke, given to a friend, and the like. Then the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.

The first thing you can intervene in without fear of damaging the car is the battery. If at the right time charging for the battery was not at hand, you can quickly assemble it yourself. This will require:

The transformer from the tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are fond of homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances in the hope that they will someday be needed. Unfortunately, two types of transformers were used: with one and with two coils. To charge the battery at 6 volts, anyone will go, and for 12 volts, only with two.

The wrapping paper of such a transformer shows the winding leads, the voltage for each winding, and the operating current. To power the filaments of electronic lamps, a voltage of 6.3 V with a large current is used. The transformer can be redone by removing unnecessary secondary windings, or left as is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is designed for a voltage of 127 V, therefore, by combining them, they get 220 V. The secondary ones are connected in series to get 12.6 V at the output.

Diodes must be capable of withstanding at least 10 A. Each diode requires a heat sink of at least 25 square centimeters. They are connected to a diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and 10 A in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate a short circuit, therefore, when connecting the battery, the polarity must not be confused.

Simple heaters

In the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where there is electricity, this problem can be solved with a heat gun. For its manufacture you will need:

• asbestos pipe;
• nichrome wire;
• fan;
• switch.

The diameter of the asbestos pipe is selected according to the size of the fan to be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. Pipe length is everyone's preference. You can assemble a heating element and a fan in it, you can only have a heater. When choosing the latter option, you will have to think about how to let the air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all components in a sealed enclosure.

Nichrome wire is also selected by the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. Bolts are used for fastening, which are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are chosen empirically. It is desirable that the coil does not heat up red-hot when the fan is running.

The choice of fan will determine how much voltage you need to apply to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.

The entire heater is connected to the network through a cord with a plug, but it must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic one. The second option is more preferable, it allows you to protect the overall network. To do this, the tripping current of the machine must be less than the tripping current of the room machine. A switch is also needed to quickly turn off the heater in case of malfunctions, for example, if the fan does not work. Such a heater has its drawbacks:

• harm to the body from asbestos pipes;
• noise from a running fan;
• the smell of dust falling on a heated coil;
• fire hazard.

Some problems can be solved by applying another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. So that the spiral does not close on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To power it, you will need to assemble another electronic device - a small rectifier.

Homemade products bring to the one who deals with them not only satisfaction, but also benefit. With their help, you can save electricity, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. For this purpose, you can use a time relay.

The easiest way to create a timing element is to use the charge or discharge time of a capacitor through a resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The diagram will require the following details:

• high capacity electrolytic capacitor;
• p-n-p type transistor;
• electromagnetic relay;
• diode;
• variable resistor;
• fixed resistors;
• DC source.

First you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need a magnetic starter to connect it. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can operate freely without sticking. According to the selected relay, a transistor is selected, it is determined with what current and voltage it can work. You can focus on KT973A.

The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which, in turn, is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor to the minus power supply. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.

The capacitor itself is connected to the positive bus of the power supply through a variable resistor with a large resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode that turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.

The scheme works as follows. In the initial state, the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor, and the transistor is closed. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay operates, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.

The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At a certain voltage value, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay disconnects the load. To make the circuit work again, you need to discharge the capacitor, for this the switch is switched.