Everyone who has ever come across satellite TV knows that in order to get access to watching channels satellite television, it is not enough to have a "plasma" in the house and a "plate" on its facade. The set of equipment must necessarily include a receiver, which acts as a decryptor digital signal. But not everyone knows - the acquisition of such a device can often be superfluous. If the specifications of the TV indicate DVB standard S2 - this means that a tuner is already built into its panel for the correct reception of satellite channels.

DVB format - why is it needed on a TV?

First, it is worth clarifying the situation, which generally means the abbreviation DVB. In short, Digital Video Broadcasting is a line European standards digital TV broadcasting, which replaced the usual analog.

The abbreviated name of this term (DVB) also refers to the receivers built into the TV, which provide reception of a digital broadcast signal. In this small "family" there are three types of devices, each of which is responsible for a specific direction of television:

• DVB-T - on-air;
• DVB-C - cable;
• DVB-S - satellite.

Technology does not stand still, and today there are updated formats that allow you to watch the picture on your TV in improved (HD) quality. Their names use the prefix in the form of the number 2 - DVB-T2 and DVB-S2.

Advantages of TVs with built-in satellite receiver

Based on the foregoing, it follows that TVs with built-in DVB tuner S2 is a new generation television technology, where two devices successfully complement each other and give viewers additional features watching satellite TV. As the advantages of this "tandem", manufacturers cite the following arguments:

• you can save on the purchase of equipment;
• do not need to highlight separate place to install the console;
• the number of connecting cables is reduced;
• only one remote control is in use.

In fairness, some other features of TVs with built-in DVB S2 should be noted.

Realities of modern satellite television

Do not be naive to assume that the tuner itself (even betting on the presence of an antenna) will give unlimited access to all satellite television. For obvious reasons, operators "encrypt" their broadcasts.

Important: the search for channels will only give information that they are encoded if you do not additionally connect a conditional access module (CAM) to the TV. A smart card is inserted into this adapter, which serves as an identifier in the operator's database.

All this requires additional costs. For example, the cost of a new Tricolor TV CAM module with support modern technologies, complete with a smart card and a monthly subscription to the "" package, fluctuates around 4-5 thousand rubles. In the future, it will be necessary to extend the service for at least a year.

Tip: before a serious purchase, you should “monitor” the offers of chain stores household appliances. They sometimes hold promotions, under the terms of which some models of TVs with a built-in satellite receiver give "to the load" kits from the CAM-module and smart card.

It is often possible to meet the opinion that the built-in receivers are a little “not holding out” to the level of “full-fledged” external devices. For this reason, when using such a panel for watching satellite TV, experts recommend purchasing an antenna with a diameter larger than average and a high-quality converter.

In addition, satellite television operators (including Tricolor TV) strongly advise using their "proprietary" equipment. With a high degree of probability, they do this in order to make money on the hardware themselves. And yet, the question involuntarily arises - is it really better to follow the recommendations for a more relaxed viewing?

Where can I buy TVs with built-in DVB S2?

All of the above features can be a reason for reflection, but not for refusing to purchase a 2 in 1 device. Questions where to buy a TV with a built-in satellite receiver should not arise. This technology is no longer new, and format support digital television manufacturers are implementing on almost all new models. You can buy them almost everywhere, there are options in the widest price range.

So, LG can this moment you can find dozens of panels with DVB-S2. Samsung also has more than fifty different series with built-in tuners. Panasonic, Toshiba, SONY and Sharp have their own offers (albeit in smaller quantities). Find out if there is DVB S2 on the TV specific model(Samsung or another brand) you can simply:

• asking a store consultant;
• looking at the technical characteristics of the panels on the websites of sellers (usually the information is in the "Tuners" column);
• having carefully examined the "User's Guide", which is attached to the equipment.

Viewers often worry about whether the presence of a built-in satellite receiver affects the price of the TV. As a rule, the cost of panels depends more on the “famous” brand, type of panel, screen resolution and diagonal, availability SMART TV features and additional "proprietary" technologies. But support for current digital formats (from DVB-T2 to DVB S2) in modern devices most often available by default.

How to use the built-in receiver for Tricolor TV subscribers?

As in the case of an external set-top box, the receiver built into the TV needs to be configured. To help the subscriber - instructions in the appropriate section of the "User's Guide". First, the operator channels are scanned using the menu. Next, you need to insert the CA module into a special TV slot (CI + slot) with and within a certain time closed channels will be decoded.

After that, you need to register in the Tricolor TV system. You will need to indicate the ID-number of the card (indicated under the barcode on one of its sides), your passport data and information about the installation site of the equipment. It remains to renew the subscription for a year and enjoy watching a variety of content.

There are TV models that are equipped with a built-in receiver. Their benefits can hardly be overestimated. Firstly, there is no need to buy a receiver. Secondly, you do not need to use an HDMI to HDMI cable. Thirdly, you can switch channels and use other functions with the TV remote control.

The only caveat is to watch satellite channels paid operators connection, the digital tuner must support the DVB-S2 standard.

Of course, you can't do without a correctly tuned satellite dish.. Most TV models can easily scan TV channels in any mode. They can provide signal reception from 4 satellites. But even after correct setting antenna on the TV screen, the familiar inscription "Code Channel" will appear on the TV screen. In order to fully view the TV channels of any company, you need a decoding device, that is, an access card.

How to set up your Samsung TV to receive satellite TV

1. We do not need factory settings, so we reset them. We go in the menu, select the section "Support", go to "Self-diagnosis", click on "Reset" and confirm the selection with the OK button.

2. After the reboot, we again go to the menu. Here it is necessary select the "Channel" section, go to "Antenna" and then "Satellite". Select "System" and enter the password (on all TV models of any manufacturer - this is 0000). It is necessary to remove the marks from each satellite (if this fails, we pull out the CAM module from the slot and reset the TV again).

3. IN Select satellite EutelsatW4 36E, transponder 12130 R, lower gen. LNB - 0, upper - 10750. Click "Manual settings", transponder 12130 R, click on "Network search" and confirm the choice. When the channel search process is completed, save the found. If you wish, you can sort the TV channels.

4. In the absence of the EutelsatW4 36E satellite, proceed as follows. We stop the choice on "User sat 1". Next, create your own satellite and save. Please note that " LNB supply' should not be disabled.

We go to LNB and select the following characteristics:

DISEqC - off, lower gen. LNB - 10750, Upper gen. LNB - 10750Tone 22KHz. - Auto.

Next, go to the "Settings" section, from it - to "Manual Setup", we begin to scan the newly discovered satellite. The "Transponders" section is left blank. Select "Create". It is necessary to enter transponder frequencies, flow rate, polarization type for all TV channel packages.

5. When the network name appears on the device screen (in our case, “”), you must click on "Search" and confirm your choice by clicking on the "OK" button. The procedure is repeated over and over for each individual transponder.

How to set up LG TVs to receive satellite TV

1. We connect the antenna cable to the connector on the SATTELITE device. We insert the DVB-CI + CAM module. Please note that the numbers on the module must be from your side. We take the remote control remote control and click "SETTINGS". You will automatically be taken to the main menu. From here you need to go to the "Channels" item. Click "OK".

2. A window will pop up in front of you. Choose " Program mode” and confirm with the “OK” button. A list will appear in front of you. It is necessary to put a checkmark in front of "Satellite", select the inscription "OK" and press "OK" on the remote control.

3. We do not need an automatic search for TV channels, so we refuse it. In the "Channels" window, select "Satellite settings", confirm the choice.

4. After opening the window, go to the "Satellite" field. You will see a list of satellites. We stop the choice on "EUTELSAT 36 A / B 36.0 E", click OK.

5. We return to the "Satellite Settings" and specify the following parameters:
LNB frequency: 9750/10600 for 2-band LNBs and for 1-band - 10750.

6. Power on the LNB.

7. We return to the "Channels" and begin manual tuning.“Digital satellite TV” should appear on the screen of the device. We need the "Transponder" field. In it, click "Add" and enter the parameters. xxxx frequency. Polarization Right xxxx, Char. Speed ​​(kS/s) 27500. DVBS2 transmission. We confirm "OK".

8. After the appearance active record click OK. Next, add the following transponders.

Other TV models are configured similarly.

To set up reception satellite signal Tricolor TV you need to use the following transponder parameters:

It is necessary to configure each transponder out of 14 separately. But, if the operator's network was identified and defined as Tricolor or NTV-plus during the initial input of the first transponder, then you can set automatic search, while all the transponders of the Tricolor or NTV-plus operator will be determined and configured.

To configure the reception of the NTV-PLUS satellite signal, you need to use the following transponder parameters:

For the West region ( Eutelsat satellites 36A/36B (W4/W7)):

For the East region (DirecTV-1R/Bonum-1 satellites):

If your antenna is correctly configured and connected, then the data of the entered transponders, as well as the channels found, will be stored on the TV.

DVB-S2 - Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite

DVB-S2 standard. Digital TV broadcasting system.

Second generation system standard ( DVB-S2) for video broadcasting, interactive services, news gathering and other broadband satellite (SAT) applications is an addition to the widely used DVB-S SAT broadcast standard. new standard was developed by the DVB Project (Digital video Broadcasting Project) consortium and technically studied in detail by the European Broadcasting Union (RBU) Joint Technical Committee (JTC). Union), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CENELEC and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards).

Key Features of DVB-S2

DVB-S2 is a second-generation DVB specification for broadband SAT applications, developed on the basis of established DVB-S and DVB-DSNG (Digital Satellite News Gathering) technologies. DSNG is usually understood as mobile systems for transmitting TV information from the scene, called news gathering systems. The DVB-S2 system was developed mainly for:

• standard definition TV broadcasting (SDTV) and high definition TV (HDTV or HDTV) services;
• interactive services, including Internet access;
• professional applications.

Rice. 1 LDPC encoding rate

For all these applications, DVB-S2 uses the latest advances in both modulation and channel coding to increase throughput about 30% or more in comparison with DVB-S. A wide variety of adaptive coding, modulation, and error protection levels (ie, coding rate) can be used within the transmitted data stream. Through the reverse channel (and this can be any physical channel, including telephone lines) that informs the transmitter about the actual reception conditions, the transmission parameters for each individual user in the point-to-point broadcast mode can be optimized.

To achieve a compromise between radiated power and spectral efficiency, DVB-S2 provides an extended number of code rates (1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/ 5, 5/6, 8/9 and 9/10) with various formats modulations (QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK). Thus, code rates 1/4, 1/3 and 2/5 were introduced to work in combination with QPSK modulation for the worst communication conditions, when the signal level is below the noise level (Fig. 1).

Fig 2.

The QPSK and 8PSK formats are offered for broadcast applications and can be used in near-saturation SAT transponders. The 32APSK format provides for a linear transponder operation and requires elevated values C/N, which is why it is mainly used for professional applications, although it is the most wideband. The 16APSK format, with limited requirements for transponder linearity (special pre-distortion schemes are used), can find wide range applications, including TV broadcasting. The 16APSK and 32APSK constellations are optimized for operation on a non-linear transponder by placing points on circles (Fig. 2). However, their linear channel performance is compatible with traditional 16 QAM and 32 QAM formats, respectively.

Through the choice of modulation constellation and coding rates, spectrum efficiencies Ru from 0.5 to 4.5 bit/s/Hz are available (see Fig. 1). DVB-S2 has three spectrum rounding factors (roll-off factor): α = 0.35 (as in DVB-S), α = 0.25 and α = 0.2 (approximation to a rectangular shape), which additionally increases the throughput, although it imposes b about Greater requirements for transponder linearity.

DVB-S2 system versions

The DVB-S2 system can be used in “single carrier per transponder” or “multi-carrier per transponder” configurations (using FDM – frequency multiplexing). Obviously, with a single carrier, the symbol rate Rs will correspond to the bandwidth of the transponder (BW=Rs). In the presence of several carriers, Rs will correspond to the allocated frequency range for this service. The maximum number of services provided will be limited both by the transponder band and the required speed of each of the services provided, and acceptable level mutual interference between adjacent carriers.

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With one carrier, depending on the selected code rate and modulation constellation, the system can operate at C/N from -2.4 dB (using QPSK 1/4) to 16 dB (using 32APSK 9/10). The results of calculations are modulated on a computer (Fig. 3) for the packet error probability 10 -7 as for DVB-S2. and for DVB-S/DVB-DSNG, and correspond to approximately one erroneous packet of TS information per hour of TV service transmission at a speed of 5 Mbit/s. With a traditional channel with Gaussian noise, the increase in throughput is 20-35% compared to DVB-S and DVB-DSNG under the same transmission conditions or an improvement of 2…2.5 dB in reception conditions with the same spectrum efficiency Ru.

Figure 4 shows the spectral efficiency of DVB-S2 for a constant bandwidth SAT BW = Rs (1 + α ) with a Gaussian noise channel for ideal demodulation. The curves in Fig. 4 do not take into account the performance degradation expected on the satellite channel due to a change in the shape of the signal spectrum, due to a decrease in the roll-off factor ( α ). For DVB-DSNG accepted α = 0.35, as the worst case (possibly α = 0,25).

Rice. 4

For APSK modes (i.e. with amplitude and phase modulation) it is possible to introduce pre-emphasis on receiving side, which allows you to use the SAT amplifier stage in a mode close to saturation, thereby increasing the output power, which is especially important for the 32 APSK mode. For such cases, special professional low-noise converters (LNC) are used, the price of which is higher than for household converters.

With multiple carriers in the repeater configuration, the introduction of a pre-distortion scheme does not bring the proper result for any of the modulation schemes. Based on this, it is necessary to reduce the output power of the transmitter (i.e., operate in a quasi-linear mode), as a result of which the realizable C/N value also decreases.

Reverse compatible modes, are defined by the DVB-S2 standard in one satellite communication channel for two information TS. The first stream (high priority - HP) is compatible with both DVB-S and DVB-S2 receivers. The second stream (low priority - LP) is only compatible with DVB-S2 receivers. The presence of two streams is caused by the inevitability of the presence of a rather long transition period from DVB-S to DVB-S2 due to the large number of DVB-S receivers. Only at the end of the migration period, when full modulation of DVB-S2 receivers is observed, can the emitted signal be changed to a reverse-incompatible mode, thus exploiting the full potential of DVB-S2 throughput. Compatibility of reverse directions can be carried out using two technologies:

ü With multi-level modulation in asynchronous mode. This operating mode is traditional for any HF channel, which is why it was not reflected in the DVB-S2 specification. At the same time, the DVB-S signal is transmitted to a much more high level power compared to DVB-S2. Since the resulting combined signal undergoes significant amplitude changes in the envelope, it must be transmitted on a quasi-linear transponder, i.e. in a mode far from the saturation mode. Alternatively, for the purpose best use SAT power sources, HP and LP signals can be amplified by independent satellite amplifiers (HPA) operating near saturation. The resulting signals are then summed on the downstream channel. However, this approach requires the development and launch of a new generation of satellites.

ü Hierarchical modulation, in which two HP and LP information TSs are synchronously combined at the symbol level of modulation in a non-uniform 8PSK constellation. Since the resulting signal in this case will have a quasi-constant envelope (no amplitude modulation), then it can be transmitted on a single transponder operating near saturation. This solution is included in the DVB-S2 standard as an option.

Rice. five

Hierarchical modulation, provides for the use of two parallel channels (Fig. 5): DVB-S and DVB-S2. On the second channel (LP - low priority), the dimension of the constellation increases to an uneven 8PSK (Fig. 6). Of all possible DVB-S2 stream configurations, only the normal FEC frame configuration with 64,800 bits (720 slots × 90 bits) is allowed. The deviation angle q (Fig. 6) can be changed at the request of the user: b about Bigger angles θ improve C/N with respect to LP and lower C/N for HP.

For reference, Table 1 shows the ratio of data rates (in %) LP/HP. The technical report provides a formula for calculating the required C/N LP for low priority thread:

Table 1

table 2

Figure 7 shows the required C/N for HP and LP flows depending on the angle θ for non-uniform 8PSK constellation at different coding rates. Short dots in Fig. 7 indicate the boundaries of the implementation of the reverse channel mode. In fact, with increasing angle θ , the constellation becomes more similar to the standard 8PSK (Fig. 2). The above calculations are performed for the worst case ( α = 0.2) at a symbol rate of 20 Mbaud.

Rice. 7

For interested readers, our company "Kontur-M" will send a program (Excel) for calculating C / N and bit rates.

Adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) is the highlight of DVB-S2. This mode of operation is applicable for point-to-point applications (point-to-point applications, such as IP broadcast to one address or DSNG). The essence of the ACM mode is that, depending on the reception of the signal (for example, the presence of rain), the operating mode of the DVB-S2 modulator changes, i.e. the coding rate (SR) and the modulation format are changed, as a result of which the required C / N required by the subscriber also changes. Simply put, the AFM mode allows you to achieve top speed digital stream for any weather conditions. The C/N threshold is set at the receiving side by the consumer of this service (Fig. 8) by continuously measuring C/N + I (carrier-to-noise ratio + interference) and sending the measured value to the broadcast terrestrial transmitting station via the reverse channel. In this case, the coding and modulation parameters can change from frame to frame.

Rice. 8

In order to avoid overflow of received information during bad reception conditions (SR goes down), a mechanism for controlling information flow rates is established. In other words, automatic adaptation is carried out useful traffic to the physical capabilities of the channel. A critical issue in ACM systems is the time delay in the physical layer adaptation loop, as this is directly related to system capability tracking channel state changes. So, significant time delays can lead either to the loss of some frames during a sharp deterioration in signal transmission (bad weather conditions, usually no more than 1 dB per second) or to the loss of potential channel bandwidth. A conscious increase in the protective threshold of the AFM system (similar to AGC) will lead to the economic inexpediency of its use.

Note that the mechanism of the ACM system is quite complicated, especially at the subsystem level for supporting ACM with MPEG-TS (for example, multiplexing audio, video, multimedia and IP streams with CBR and VBR), where adding and removing null packets with the formation of CBR ( TS with constant speed). But, despite the complexity of the ACM system, depending on the parameters of the communication line and its configuration, it allows you to increase the bandwidth up to 200% compared to CCM (constancy of coding and modulation).

The recently approved modification, which improves performance and adds new features to the DVB-S2 standard, has already generated a lot of interest in the market, from both DVB and non-DVB companies. Just recently there was a DVB‑S2X newsletter, so we decided to tell Mediasat readers about the new standard.

What is DVB-S2X?

The DVB-S2X standard is an extension of the DVB-S2 standard that brings additional technological features and functions to it. has been officially published as ETSI EN 302 307 Part 2, while DVB-S2 itself is Part 1. This standard provides increased productivity and additional features to work key applications DVB-S2, including DTH platforms, signal distribution, VSAT and DSNG. The standard specification also provides for the possibility of using an additional operating range to cover the needs of emerging markets such as mobile applications.

Prerequisites for the creation of the standard

The DVB-S2 standard was developed about 10 years ago with a clear focus on the needs of DTH platforms. Since then, completely new requirements for broadcasting have appeared, and the task of the creators of DVB-S2X was to develop the necessary specifications to satisfy them. this work was conducted by the satellite subgroup Technical module DVB Group under the leadership of Dr. Alberto Morello (RAI), who in the past headed the DVB-S2 development team. The DVB-S2X standard features better signal to noise ratio (C/N) spectral efficiency, which is typical for professional applications such as transmission lines or IP channels. It also supports very low C/N rates down to -10 dB for mobile applications (offshore, aviation, train, etc.).

How does it work?

The DVB-S2X standard is based on the principles of the well established DVB-S2 standard. It uses the proven LDPC Forward Error Correction (FEC) scheme in combination with BCH FEC as the outer code, thus providing the following additional elements:

• Smaller attenuation options at 5 and 10 percent (in addition to the 20%, 25% and 35% available in DVB-S2).
• More accurate gradation and an increase in the number of modulation and coding types.
• New package of options for linear and non-linear channels.
• Additional scrambling options for critical situations with co-channel interference.
• Bonding channels - up to 3.
• Support for operations with very low odds SNR - up to -10dB SNR.
• Option "Super-frame" (Super-frame option).

The result of all this is the following DVB-S2X spectral efficiency (compared to DVB-S2):

Usable C/N ratio range increased up to -10 dB due to additional options framing, coding and modulation, which will allow the provision of services satellite communications for mobile (marine or aviation) or very small directional satellite dishes. For VSAT applications, the DVB-S2X standard opens up the possibility of supporting advanced technologies to create future broadband interactive networks, in other words - the standard provides for the attenuation of intra-system interference, beam movement and multi-format transmissions. The result of this could be a significant increase in the capacity and flexibility of broadband interactive satellite networks, which is possible due to the use of an optional super-framing structure.

The introduction of the DVB-S2 standard has already resulted in a significant improvement in spectral efficiency for DTH applications, so DVB-S2X has not been able to bring any significant new benefits to physical level in this regard, which would be similar to the transition from DVB-S to DVB-S2 (somewhere around 30%). However, the DVB-S2X standard provides DTH with more fine tuning physical and upper DVB-S2 protocols, offering a rather attractive package (for new generation projects, which, in any case, will require an upgrade of the receivers).

The most important features for DTH are channel bonding and finer modulation granularity, as well as FEC options combined with sharper fading. Linking up to three satellite channels will support higher aggregate data rates and also enable additional statistical multiplexing for high-speed services such as Ultra HD. Mandatory use Variable coding and modulation (VCM) in the receivers offers the possibility of increasing the spectral efficiency for Ultra HD channels, while guaranteeing stability during heavy rainfall due to simulcast highly secure SD components.

Finer modulation granularity and FEC options allow greater operational flexibility. For professional and DSNG applications, modulation schemes with increased efficiency offer efficiency rates of around 6 bps/Hz (with 256 APSK). Supported C / N indicators up to 20 dB allow you to improve the gain by 50%.

Market penetration

Next steps

The DVB-S2X standard was introduced almost simultaneously with the advent of a new efficient video compression system - . It is expected that the new satellite receivers will support both technologies to better support HD and channels in particular.

What is DVB-S?
DVB-S is one of the most common signal types for broadcasting television and accessing the Internet, transmitting signal is coming from satellites in non-geostationary orbit.

System A (standard DVB-S) developed by a European consortium DVB Project and is intended for the delivery of multi-program TV broadcasting services or HDTV in the frequency ranges of fixed and broadcasting SAT services (10.7 ... 12.75 GHz) with their direct reception on home integrated receiver-decoders, as well as on receivers connected to systems with SAT collective TV antennas SMATV(Satellite Master Antenna TV), and systems cable television(SKT) in the primary and secondary distribution of TV broadcasting programs. At present, almost all digital SAT TV broadcasting on all five continents is carried out according to the standard DVB-S.

The main advantages of this signal?
The main advantage of DVB-S is that it can be connected almost anywhere in the world.

How to connect satellite broadcasting?
In any city there is a company dealing with satellite equipment. The most common in the field of satellite television is Tricolor-TV. (link to tricolor) In the Internet environment, preference is given to the provider SpaceGate.

What equipment is needed to connect satellite internet and television?
To connect to satellite internet, you will need:
- satellite dish,
- DVB-S card,
- mobile phone with gprs,
- Cable,
- converter,
- Bracket,
- F-ki, anchors, heat shrink.
To watch satellite TV, it will be enough DVB-S receiver and satellite dish.

Where can you buy satellite equipment?
Satellite equipment is now available in most electronic and digital equipment stores (Eldorado, techno-power). Also, it can be ordered in the online store.

Lack of satellite internet is his attachment to the ground line. Of course, there are converters that are designed for both reception and transmission at once, but they significantly increase the cost. satellite equipment. And of course the influence of weather conditions, the signal becomes much worse during heavy rains and cloudy weather.

The new DVB-S2 standard. What are the main differences from DVB-S.
The dvb-s2 standard is much faster and better than its predecessor. The data transfer rate on it is 30% faster. The new standard significantly saves the frequency resource when transmitting TV programs and satellite Internet. An important advantage of the new standard is the fact that when working with BPSK modulation it will be possible to receive a program with a signal level less than the noise level.

List of DVB-S2 maps.
TechnoTrend or TT: 3200 PCI (aka SkyStar HD)
TT-3600 USB2.0 (SkyStarHD/USB)
TT-3650 USB2.0 CI
Hauppauge HVR4000 PCI(DVB-S/S2/T+Analog TV)
Nova HD-S2 PCI
Twinhan 1041 PCI with CI connectivity

Why is the DVB-S2 standard needed?
One of the reasons for the launch of dvb-s2 is the massive introduction of satellite TV providers into their packages, high-definition TV channels (HDTV).
Unsatisfactory operation of DVB-S with K-band. The performance of this range depends on weather conditions. DVB-S2 is more immune to interference and can provide more stable reception.