Domain il which country. List of country code top level domains

(and 18 - since the creation of the World Wide Web), and people have not completely mastered the issue of choosing a domain name for a site.

There is still a ridiculous superstition that third-level domains are less attractive than second-level domains; moreover, not so long ago I had to deal with statements that the domain in the .info zone is indecent - and why? just because of the low price!

To those who are not yet confident enough in this matter, as well as to some of those who feel quite confident, I decided to tell you what considerations, in my opinion, should be followed when choosing a domain zone.

The basic principle

The zone should be selected based on the purpose of the resource and adhering to the semantics of top-level domains.

Brief educational program

A domain name consists of several words separated by periods. The number of these words (which I will call steps) determines domain level: so google.com is a second level domain; www.google.com or google.com.ua - third; images.google.com.ua - fourth. The hierarchy flows from right to left. In particular, the rightmost rung is referred to as a top-level domain.

Typically, a domain can be divided into three main semantic parts:

1. Domain zone
   The right part of a domain name, which includes one or two (more rarely) steps. It is not the property of the resource, but a public domain intended for registering domain names in it.
2. Resource name
   The proper name of the resource. For example, if this is a corporate site, then the name of the company. Usually contains one rung.
3. Subdomain
   The optional left part of the domain name. Designates a separate subsection of a resource that contains logically separate information or fulfills its dedicated role. For example, a resource may have subdomains ftp for an FTP server, www for the main site, forum for a forum, etc.

Examples:

This article is devoted to the issue of choosing a domain zone.

Domain zones classification

The domain zone, as you noticed, can consist of one stage (in this case, it coincides with the top-level domain) or two. More than two are rare.

Top-level domains (TLDs) are formally divided into country domains (ccTLDs), general-purpose domains (gTLDs), and service domains (iTLDs). The latter will not be useful to us.

Among the general-purpose domains there are some domains allocated by language, cultural or territorial grounds, so I propose to regroup ccTLDs and gTLDs into territorial-linguistic and thematic domain zones.

Territorial and language domain zones

These domains are for specific countries, languages ​​or cultures.

Rule: the territorial-linguistic zone should be chosen when the resource is focused on residents of one country or speakers of one language or one culture. For example, this is a purely Russian-language site or the site of a company operating within Ukraine.

Country domains always consist of two letters and, with rare exceptions, are subject to the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 standard:

Generic domains, distinguished by cultural or territorial characteristics (a number of such top-level domains are under consideration - they are marked with asterisks):

Some of the linguistic zones have specific requirements for registrants. For example, in the zone of Ukraine, you can register a domain only if there is a trademark of the same name. Other countries allow anyone to register domains, including residents or citizens of other countries.

Thematic domain zones

These are, in short, those gTLDs that are not categorized above as territorial-lingual. They all consist of more than two letters and define some kind of field of activity.

Rule: a thematic domain zone should be chosen when the resource fully (or at least predominantly) corresponds to its purpose.

Many gTLDs have one historical limitation that is very unpleasant for us: they are designed to United States only... So, gov means US government organizations, mil - US military departments. These domains are marked with asterisks (and besides, I have doubts about aero, jobs, travel).

How to be for the rest of the countries is described in the next subsection; here it should also be noted that subject domains that are not subordinate to the States imply, on the contrary, universality or internationality... That is, net is an organization that provides network services internationally; biz is a commercial organization whose activities are not limited to one country.

Rule: you should register a domain in the global (international) thematic zone only if its audience or activity is really not limited to one country.

Some domain zones require compliance with the declared subject for registration; some allow anyone to register. Unlike countries, this most often leads to negative consequences when sites are registered in the zone that absolutely do not correspond to its purpose. The most famous example is the .com domain, intended for commercial (commercial) organizations, but did not put forward the corresponding restrictions; as a result, everything was registered in it, it was overcrowded, completely lost its purpose and was rethought as a general-purpose domain; de facto .com began to be considered an abbreviation for common (common), and the original function of.com was intended to perform ..biz, which already contains the necessary (albeit soft) restrictions on registration.

Rule: registering a domain in a thematic domain zone that does not correspond to its purpose is bad.

Some of the ccTLDs are also often used as thematic due to consonance, for example:

This is sometimes even officially supported by the organizations that manage the domains and the states themselves (like Tuvalu, for example).

Rule: you can register a domain in a consonant zone if you really want to.

Regional-thematic domain zones

Most ccTLDs have second-level domains that duplicate some thematic zones, such as .net.ua, .com.ua, .biz.ua. However, not all domains composed of a combination of gTLDs and ccTLDs are domain zones: for example, info.ru was acquired by a certain Valentina Nikolaeva even before the creation of.info and did not become a domain zone.

On the other hand, some second-level domains, which are not combinations of gTLDs and ccTLDs, are domain zones (for example, .in.ua is intended for registration of domains à la music.in.ua (English “music in Ukraine”)).

In some countries, regional-thematic domain zones may have slightly changed names: for example, in the UK, .co.uk is used instead of.com.uk.

Regional-thematic zones may have their own restrictions on registration: for example, .edu.ua allows registering not for any educational institutions in Ukraine, but only for higher ones, and not lower than the third level of accreditation.

It is the regional thematic zones that are needed when the thematic domain is limited to the United States (.gov - the US government, .gov.ua - the Ukrainian government, .gov.us - not used).

It is the regional thematic zones that should be used when the resource exactly corresponds to one of the thematic zones, but is not intended for a global (international) scale.

An example of a bad choice in this case is the Ukrainian mobile operator Kyivstar, whose website was initially located in the kyivstar.net domain, and has recently moved to kyivstar.ua.

What error? The first domain means "a company providing network services at a worldwide or international level"; the second domain means "a company providing a very wide range of services in Ukraine." Both of them do not correspond to the activities of the company.

What are options? Kyivstar.mobi or kyivstar.mobi.ua are wrong, because .mobi is a zone of sites optimized for mobile devices, not mobile operators. Kyivstar.biz.ua means "commercial enterprise in Ukraine" and does not contain sufficient indication of the subject; the option kyivstar.net.ua remains, which should choose in this case.

Rule: when a resource matches both the purpose of the thematic domain and the specialization for a particular country, the domain should be registered in the regional thematic zone.

In the absence of a suitable regional thematic zone (let's imagine that the ..net.ua zone would not exist, and our choice would be limited to kyivstar.net and kyivstar.ua), it is rather difficult to make a decision; perhaps, in this particular case, nevertheless, kyivstar.ua would be better, but it is not a fact that in other situations the domain in the thematic zone will not be preferable.

Sub-regional domain zones

These second-level domains are intended for specific regions of the country. For example, .lugansk.ua - Luhansk region of Ukraine; .crimea.ua - Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

The selection principle is approximately the same as for the territorial zone, only with a narrowing down to a separate region of the country. It should be remembered that thematic subzones (like.biz.kiev.ua), as a rule, do not exist.

Rule: in a sub-regional zone, a domain should be registered if the resource's focus on the region significantly outweighs the thematic one.

Long sub-regional zones, at least in Ukraine, can have short synonyms:

It can be assumed that not all countries have such sub-regional zones.

Domain zone selection

So, in order to choose the right domain zone, you must first of all answer the following questions:

1. Is the resource focused on one of the topics corresponding to the thematic zones?
2. If so, is this thematic area limited to US jurisdiction?
3. Is the scope or audience of the resource limited to any country?
4. If so, and if there are sub-regional zones in this country, is the scope or audience of the resource limited to one of the regions of that country?
5. If the answers to questions 1 and 3 are positive, is there a regional thematic zone corresponding to the thematic and regional zones selected in paragraphs 1 and 3?

After that, you can make a decision, guided by the above rules and, in conflict cases, thoughtfully prioritizing.

There is nothing shameful in using the .info zone if your site is an information blog, or.biz.ua if you carry out commercial activities within Ukraine, no. Resources in zones like.narod.ru or.na.by can be called dubious (there was not enough money for a domain), but domains were not chosen correctly - regardless of the registration price and domain level.

Oh yeah, I almost forgot. If you want to start personal site(for a personal blog or portfolio, for example), then you don't need to choose anything here. There is a .name zone for this. In it, you can register third-level domains of the form vasia.pupkin.name, while automatically receiving an e-mail of the form [email protected] The second-level domain pupkin.name in this case remains publicly accessible to all other Pupkins who wish to register.

Registrars often do not allow you to bind a domain to a hosting, limiting themselves to a redirect (when entering vasia.pupkin.name, the user is redirected to pupkin.narod.ru). However, not so long ago, for the zone.name, the usual option with registration of a second-level domain and linking to hosting became available.

And one more thing, remember: after choosing and registering a domain, do not forget to register similar domains in all other available zones in order to avoid fraud. If your domain is called pupkin.com.ua, users may mistakenly try to log into, for example, pupkin.com or pupkin.ua; Naturally, it will not be very good if these domains belong to scammers who harvest from the popularity of your resource.

Good luck with your domain choice!

Whose domain is .CO and which country it belongs to, which means. The history of the domain zone.

Domain .CO is the national domain of Colombia. It is a large South African state on the Caribbean Sea with its capital in Santa Fe de Bogota. The official language of the country is Spanish.

The domain zone was created in 1991. Free registration for everyone became available in 2010. The successful letter combination immediately made the name popular with business and communications resources.

Today, after the opening of free registration for residents of any country, the domain name is positioned not only as Colombia. CO usually means company, communications, corporation, commerce, cosmetics. For example, Twitter owns the one-letter domain t.CO.

Characteristics of the domain zone of Colombia.

Hiding information about the owner of the name is not practiced. The data provided during registration will be publicly available. Providing false or erroneous information when registering a domain is not recommended, because in the event of a dispute, you will not be able to provide documents confirming the ownership of the domain.

Among anime fans, the domain name .CO is gaining an interesting meaning. A significant number of character names end with "ko". The suffix "ko" in Japanese has a diminutive meaning.

In the Russian-speaking segment, you can pick up interesting combinations and words ending with .CO, such as "milk", "close" and so on.

Requirements for registering domains CO.

CO domain registration rules:

• Allowable length: the recommended name length is up to 12 characters. Officially, the length of the name is from 3 to 63 characters.
• Characters in the name: you can use letters of the Latin alphabet and numbers. Spaces, underscores are not allowed.
• Domain renewal procedure: The duration of the registration of a name in this zone is from 1 to 5 years. Extension is possible for a period of one to five years (1 - 5).
• Restrictions: restrictions on the registration of names and content of the sites are general in nature. This is a ban on posting illegal information, expressions of intolerance, calls to violence, pornography. It is forbidden to use names that are consonant with the websites of government and administrative bodies.

Who should buy a CO domain name?

The CO domain is open for free registration, so anyone can buy a CO domain in this zone. Most often, the CO domain is registered:

• Colombian subsidiaries of international companies.
• Tourist organizations.
• Local business (residents of Colombia).

• Information resources (blogs, mass media).
• Services. (Also popular zone.me)
• Transport and logistics companies.

The .CO domain can be acquired due to informational significance (the site name and domain form a recognizable word), as well as taking into account the possible user error if instead of .COm he types .CO.

Pros and cons of CO.

Advantages:

• Low popularity: the probability of finding an interesting free domain is higher than in international zones.
• Ease of registration: unlike ru and rf, extended passport data are not required.
• Recognizable domain: a domain is not uncommon in Runet, the site does not arouse suspicion of users due to the excessive exoticism of the domain.

Main disadvantages:

• Writing: it is difficult to determine by ear whether to write a domain through c or through k.
• Price: not the cheapest of the country domains.
• Selection features: if the domain coincides with the registered trademark, it may be taken away. In this case, it will be necessary to decide whose domain will be in the end through the official registrar, and possibly prove your right to the domain in court.

Frequently asked questions about .CO domain zone

If you pay for the "Business" tariff plan for a year or more, you can register a domain worth up to 1000 rubles for free (for a period of 1 year). The standard price of a CO domain is higher than this amount, so it can be registered only for a promotion (if its price is less than 1000 rubles). Shared hosting tariffs are presented. After a year, the domain name can be renewed at the standard price for the selected zone.

The larger the company, the easier it is to work with it, the scripts are better automated, the probability of employee error is less, and the likelihood of personal disputes between a client and an employee of the company is practically excluded. Choose a large registrar with a long history in the market.

It happens that small registrars provide more favorable conditions. You can take advantage of promotions, but do not rely on the promptness of technical support if you need it. Moving independently from one registrar to another is troublesome, besides, some companies have unspoken instructions on how to make domain transfer as difficult as possible (up to a personal visit to the office). Read the terms of the agreement carefully. If a domain is registered for you as an individual or legal entity and your data is displayed in the registration information, this is an advantageous and interesting offer. If the domain is registered to a service company, you shouldn't contact - you will not be the owner of the domain.

There is a list of top-level domains. Basic information is given in the article Top Level Domain (TLD). The official list of all top-level domains is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Contents 1 General ... ... Wikipedia

- (English country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD)) top-level domain allocated for a specific country, for example.ru / .рф for Russia, .ua for Ukraine, .de for Germany, .it for Italy. Contents 1 Recommendations ... Wikipedia

National top-level domain is a top-level domain dedicated to a specific country, for example, Russia or Germany. Recommendations for country code top-level domains are found in RFC 1032 of November 1987 as well as RFC 2240. On ... Wikipedia

The top level domain TLD in the hierarchy of the domain name system (DNS) is the highest level after the root domain. It is the starting point of reference (from right to left), from ... ... Wikipedia

Contents 1 Country top-level domains 2 Domains belonging to a group of countries ... Wikipedia

Contents 1 Country top-level domains 2 Domains belonging to a group of countries ... Wikipedia

Domain name registrar is an organization that has the authority to create (register) new domain names and renew the validity of existing domain names in a domain for which mandatory registration is established. Such domains ... ... Wikipedia

Domain name is a symbolic name used to identify areas of administrative autonomy units on the Internet as part of such a higher hierarchy. Each of these areas is called a domain. Common space ... ... Wikipedia

Domain is the domain (branch) of the hierarchical space of domain names on the Internet, which is designated by a unique domain name. Domain name is the symbolic name of the domain. Must be unique within the same domain. The full domain name consists of names ... Wikipedia

United Arab Emirates
.AF - Afghanistan
.AG- Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua and Barbuda)
.AI - Anguilla
.AL - Albania
.AM- Armenia (Armenia)
.AN - Netherlands Antilles
.AO - Angola (Angola)
.AQ - Antarctica (Antarctica)
.AR - Argentina (Argentina)
.AS - American Samoa
.AT- Austria (Austria)
.AU- Australia (Australia)
.AW - Aruba
.AX - Aland Islands
.AZ- Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
.BA - Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
.BB - Barbados (Barbados)
.BD - Bangladesh (Bangladesh)
.BE- Belgium (Belgium)
.BF - Burkina Faso (Burkina Faso)
.BG - Bulgaria
.BH - Bahrain (Bahrain)
.BI - Burundi
.BJ - Benin
.BM - Bermuda
.BN - Brunei Darussalam (Brunei)
.BO - Bolivia (Bolivia)
.BR - Brazil
.BS - Bahamas (Bahamas)
.BT - Bhutan (Bhutan)
.BV - Bouvet Island
.BW - Botswana (Botswana)
.BY- Belarus (Belarus)
.BZ - Belize (Belize)
.CA- Canada (Canada)
.CC- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
.CD - Congo
.CF - Central African Republic
.CG Congo
.CH- Switzerland (Switzerland)
.CI - Cote d "Ivoire"
.CK - Cook Islands
.CL - Chile (Chile)
.CM - Cameroon
.CN- China (China)
.CO - Colombia (Colombia)
.CR - Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
.CS - Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro)
.CU - Cuba
.CV - Cape Verde (Cape Verde)
.CX - Christmas Island
.CY- Cyprus (Cyprus)
.CZ- Czech Republic (Czech Republic)
.DE- Germany (Germany)
.Dj- Djibouti (Djibouti)
.DK- Denmark (Denmark)
.DM - Dominica
.DO - Dominican Republic (Dominican Republic)
.DZ - Algeria (Algeria)
.EC - Ecuador (Ecuador)
.EE- Estonia (Estonia)
.EG- Egypt (Egypt)
.EH - Western Sahara
.ER - Eritrea
.ES- Spain (Spain)
.ET - Ethiopia (Ethiopia)
.EU- European Union
.FI- Finland (Finland)
.FJ - Fiji (Fiji)
.FK - Falkland Islands
.FM- Micronesia (Micronesia)
.FO - Faroe Islands
.FR- France (France)
.GA - Gabon (Gabon)
.GB - United Kingdom
.GD - Grenada (Grenada)
.GE- Georgia (Georgia)
.GF - French Guiana
.GG - Guernsey (Guernsey Island)
.GH - Ghana (Ghana)
.GI - Gibraltar
.GL - Greenland
.GM - Gambia
.GN - Guinea
.GP - Guadeloupe
.GQ - Equatorial Guinea
.GR- Greece (Greece)
.GS - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
.GT - Guatemala (Guatemala)
.GU - Guam
.GW - Guinea-Bissau
.GY - Guyana
.HK - Hong Kong
.HM - Heard and McDonald Islands
.HN - Honduras (Honduras)
.HR - Croatia / Hrvatska (Croatia)
.HT - Haiti
.HU - Hungary (Hungary)
.ID - Indonesia (Indonesia)
.IE- Ireland (Ireland)
.IL- Israel (Israel)
.IM - Isle of Man
.IN- India (India)
.IO- British Indian Ocean Territory
.IQ - Iraq
.IR - Iran (Iran)
.IS - Iceland
.IT- Italy (Italy)
.JE - Jersey (Jersey Island)
.JM - Jamaica (Jamaica)
.JO - Jordan
.JP- Japan (Japan)
.KE - Kenya (Kenya)
.KG- Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)
.KH - Cambodia (Cambodia)
.KI - Kiribati (Kiribati)
.KM - Comoros (Comoros)
.KN - Saint Kitts and Nevis
.KP - Korea (North Korea)
.KR - Korea (South Korea)
.KW - Kuwait (Kuwait)
.KY - Cayman Islands
.KZ- Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan)
.LA- Laos (Laos)
.LB - Lebanon (Lebanon)
.LC - Saint Lucia
.LI - Liechtenstein
.LK - Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
.LR - Liberia
.LS - Lesotho (Lesotho)
.LT- Lithuania (Lithuania)
.LU - Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
.LV- Latvia (Latvia)
.LY - Libya (Libya)
.MA - Morocco (Morocco)
.MC - Monaco (Monaco)
.MD- Moldova (Moldova)
.MG - Madagascar (Madagascar)
.MH - Marshall Islands
.MK - Macedonia (Macedonia)
.ML - Mali (Mali)
.MM - Myanmar (Myanmar)
.MN - Mongolia (Mongolia)
.MO - Macau
.MP - Northern Mariana Islands
.MQ - Martinique
.MR - Mauritania (Mauritania)
.MS - Montserrat
.MT - Malta (Malta)
.MU - Mauritius (Mauritius)
.MV - Maldives
.MW - Malawi (Malawi)
.MX - Mexico
.MY- Malaysia (Malaysia)
.MZ - Mozambique (Mozambique)
.NA - Namibia (Namibia)
.NC - New Caledonia
.NE - Niger
.NF - Norfolk Island
.NG - Nigeria
.NI - Nicaragua (Nicaragua)
.NL - Netherlands
.NO- Norway (Norway)
.NP - Nepal
.NR - Nauru
.NU- Niue (Niue)
.NZ - New Zealand
.OM - Oman
.PA - Panama
.PE - Peru (Peru)
.PF - French Polynesia
.PG - Papua New Guinea
.PH - Philippines
.PK Pakistan
.PL- Poland (Poland)
.PM - Saint Pierre and Miquelon
.PN - Pitcairn Island
.PR - Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
.PS - Palestine
.PT- Portugal (Portugal)
.PW - Palau
.PY - Paraguay (Paraguay)
.QA - Qatar (Qatar)
.RE - Reunion Island
.RO- Romania (Romania)
.RU- Russian Federation (Russia)
.RW - Rwanda (Rwanda)
.SA - Saudi Arabia
.SB - Solomon Islands
.SC - Seychelles
.SD - Sudan
.SE- Sweden (Sweden)
.SG- Singapore (Singapore)
.SH- Saint Helena (St. Helena Island)
.SI - Slovenia (Slovenia)
.SJ - Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
.SK - Slovakia (Slovakia)
.SL - Sierra Leone
.SM - San Marino
.SN - Senegal (Senegal)
.SO - Somalia
.SR - Suriname
.ST - Sao Tome and Principe
.SU- Soviet Union (USSR)
.SV - El Salvador (El Salvador)
.SY - Syria
.SZ - Swaziland
.TC - Turks and Caicos Islands
.TD - Chad
.TF - French Southern Territories
.TG - Togo
.TH- Thailand (Thailand)
.TJ- Tajikistan (Tajikistan)
.TK- Tokelau (Tokelau)
.TL - Timor-Leste
.TM- Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
.TN - Tunisia
.TO - Tonga (Tonga)
.TP - East Timor
.TR- Turkey (Turkey)
.TT - Trinidad and Tobago
.TV- Tuvalu (Tuvalu)
.TW- Taiwan (Taiwan)
.TZ - Tanzania
.UA- Ukraine (Ukraine)
.UG - Uganda (Uganda)
.UK- United Kingdom
.UM - United States Minor Outlying Islands
.US- United States (USA)
.UY - Uruguay
.UZ- Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan)
.VA - Holy See, Vatican
.VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
.VE Venezuela Venezuela
.VG - Virgin Islands, British
.VI - Virgin Islands, U.S. (US Virgin Islands)
.VN - Vietnam
.VU - Vanuatu Vanuatu
.WF - Wallis and Futuna Islands
.Ws- Western Samoa (Western Samoa)
.YE - Yemen
.YT - Mayotte
.YU - Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia)
.ZA- South Africa (South Africa)
.ZM - Zambia (Zambia)
.ZW - Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)