EXAM PREPARATION LIST

In the discipline "Information law"

The concept of the information society, its structure, features.

The concept of "information society" appeared in the second half of the 1960s, and the term itself became the property of the scientific community in the 1970s. when Japan developed a plan for the creation of an information society.

An information society is understood as a society in which the main condition for the well-being of every person and every state is knowledge gained through unhindered access to information and the ability to work with it, and the exchange of information itself has no time, space or political boundaries.

Human society successively goes through 3 stages: pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial.

Postindustrial society features:

1) the primacy of scientific knowledge and information

2) wide automation and computerization of production

3) minimization of living labor in the process of material production

4) a gradual transition from an industrial economy to a service

5) the leading role of science, education. Cultures. Medicine, mass distribution creative and intellectual work

6) the emergence of a classless social and professional structure

The concept of the information society is just a kind of the theory of post-industrial society.

Traits of the Information Society:

Scientific knowledge and information are at the heart of

The information sector of the economy is developing

Concept e-government

Electronic document circulation prevails

Changes are taking place in the system of employment, employment

A number of policy documents related to the information society. Among the basic documents, one should highlight the State Program of the Russian Federation "Information Society (2011-2020)"

In our country, there is also the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation, approved on February 7, 2008

The purpose of the development and formation of the information society in the Russian Federation is to improve the quality of life of the population, ensure the competitiveness of Russia, develop the economic, socio-political, cultural and spiritual spheres of society, improve the system government controlled based information technologies.

Main tasks:

Formation of a modern information and telecommunication infrastructure, provision of quality services and ensuring a high level of accessibility for the population

Improving the quality of education, medical care, social protection of the population

Improvement of the state system Guarantees of constitutional human and civil rights in the information environment

Economic development

Increasing the efficiency of public administration and local self-government, interaction of civil society and business

Development of science

Preserving the culture of a multinational people

Countering the use of the potential of information and telecommunication technologies in order to threaten the population

The development of the information society is based on the principles:

Partnership of the state, business and civil society

Freedom and Equality to Information and Knowledge

Support for domestic producers

Promoting the development of international cooperation

Ensuring national security

The information society appears as an integral concept that encompasses all aspects of the functioning of a social system.

Structure: individual and community, information relations

Legal problems:

Development of the conceptual apparatus

Face identification

Professional ethics

Admissibility and reliability of information

Development prospects:

1) Implementation in all spheres of life

2) Information is a factor in changing the quality of life

3) Is a product sold on an equal basis with others

The role of information and law in information society... Information revolution.

Information in the history of the development of civilization has always played a decisive role and served as the basis for decision-making at all levels and stages of development of society and the state. In the history of social development, several information revolutions can be distinguished, associated with cardinal changes in the production, processing and circulation of information, which led to radical transformations of social relations. As a result of such transformations, society acquired, in a certain sense, a new quality.

The first information revolution associated with the invention of writing, which led to a giant qualitative and quantitative leap in information development society. It became possible to fix knowledge on a material medium, thereby alienating it from the manufacturer and passing it on from generation to generation.

Second information revolution(mid-16th century) caused by the invention of printing (first printers Gutenberg and Ivan Fedorov). The possibility of replication and active dissemination of information has appeared, the accessibility of people to sources of knowledge has increased. This revolution radically changed society, created additional features introduction to cultural values ​​of large strata of the population at once.

The third information revolution I (late 19th century) was caused by the invention of electricity, thanks to which the telegraph, telephone, radio appeared, allowing to quickly transmit and accumulate information in significant volumes. The consequence of this revolution is an increase in the degree of dissemination of information, an increase in the information "coverage" of the population by means of broadcasting. The role of the mass media as a mechanism for disseminating messages and knowledge over large territories and providing them with them for citizens has increased, and the accessibility of members of society to messages and knowledge has increased. The role of information as a means of influencing the development of society and the state has significantly increased, and the possibility of operational communication between people has emerged.

The fourth information revolution(mid-XX century) is associated with the invention of computing technology and the emergence personal computer, creation of communication and telecommunication networks. It became possible to accumulate, store, process and transmit information to electronic form... The efficiency and speed of creating and processing information increased, virtually unlimited volumes of information began to accumulate in the computer's memory, and the speed of transmission, search and retrieval of information increased.

Today we are experiencing the fifth information revolution connected with the formation and development of cross-border global information and telecommunication networks, covering all countries and continents, penetrating into every house and affecting simultaneously on each person individually and on huge masses of people. The most striking example of such a phenomenon and the result of the fifth revolution is the Internet. The essence of this revolution is integration into a single information space around the world of software and hardware, communications and telecommunications, information stocks or stocks of knowledge as a single information telecommunications infrastructure, in which legal and individuals, state and local government bodies. As a result, the speeds and volumes of processed information are incredibly increasing, new unique opportunities for the production, transmission and distribution of information, search and receipt of information, new types of traditional activities in these networks appear.

Information today has become a powerful and tangible resource that is even more valuable than natural financial, labor and other resources. Information has become a commodity that can be bought and sold. Information has become a weapon, information wars arise and stop. The cross-border information network Internet is actively developing and entering our life.

All this seriously transforms the life of an individual, society, and state. Civilization as a whole and each of us. in particular, we are at the stage of formation of a new type of society - the information society. This society is still incomprehensible to many. Social system and law as one of the main regulators of this system lag significantly behind the pace of development of the information society, from the incomprehensible speed of the attack on us of new information technologies and world wide web Internet - (building material »of the information society.

The very name "information society" first appeared in Japan. The specialists who proposed this term explained that it defines a society in which high-quality information circulates in abundance, and also has all the necessary means for its storage, distribution and use. Information is easily and quickly disseminated according to the requirements of interested people and organizations and is issued to them in a form that is familiar to them. The cost of using information services is so low that they are available to everyone.

Sociology gives a more formalized definition of the information society. In the history of its development, human civilization went through several socio-economic stages:

Agrarian Society;

Industrial society;

Post-industrial society.

The next stage of development should be called “information society”.

The socio-economic criterion that determines the stage of social development is the distribution of employment of the population. At the stage agrarian society more than half of the population is employed in agriculture; in an industrial society, most of the population works in industry; if in a society more than 50% of the population is employed in the service sector, the post-industrial phase of its development has begun. According to this criterion, the stage of the information society begins under the condition that more than half of the population is employed in the field of information and intellectual production and services.

The socio-economic criterion is not the only one. An interesting criterion was proposed by Academician A.P. Ershov: the phases of progress towards the information society should be judged by the total bandwidth of communication channels... There is a simple idea behind this: the development of communication channels reflects both the level of computerization and the objective need of society in all types information exchange, and other manifestations of informatization. According to this criterion, the early phase of informatization of society begins when the aggregate capacity of communication channels operating in it is reached, which ensures the deployment of a sufficiently reliable long-distance telephone network. The final phase is when it is possible to implement a reliable and prompt informational contact between members of society on the principle “each with each”. In the final phase, the bandwidth of communication channels should be a million times greater than in the first phase.

According to a number of experts, the United States will complete the transition to the information society by 2020, Japan and most Western European countries by 2030–2040.

Russia's entry into the information society has its own characteristics associated with the current stage of its development. In Russia, there are a number of objective prerequisites for the transition to the state of the information society. Among them: the rapid development of the material base of the information sphere, the informatization of many branches of production and management, active entry into the world community, the preparedness of public consciousness, etc. human and scientific and technical potential of Russia.

Trends in the development of the information society

Changing the structure of the economy and the structure of labor

The transition to an information society is accompanied by a shift in the center of gravity in the economy from the use of materials to the provision of services, which entails a significant reduction in the extraction and processing of raw materials and energy consumption.

The second half of the twentieth century, thanks to informatization, was accompanied by an overflow of people from the sphere of direct material production to the information sphere. Industrial workers, who in the middle of the twentieth century made up more than 2/3 of the population, today in developed countries make up less than 1/3. The social stratum, which is called “white collar workers”, has grown significantly - people of hired labor who do not directly produce material values, but are engaged in information processing (in a broad sense): teachers, bank employees, programmers, etc. So, by 1980, 3% of workers were employed in agriculture in the United States, 20% in industry, 30% in the service sector, and 48% of the population was employed in information sphere.

Informatization has also changed the nature of labor in traditional industries. The emergence of robotic systems, the widespread introduction of elements of microprocessor technology is the main reason for this phenomenon. The machine tool industry in the United States employed 330,000 people in 1990, and by 2005 there were 14,000 people left. This happened due to the massive reduction of people on the assembly lines, due to the introduction of robots and manipulators instead.

Another characteristic feature in this area is the emergence of a developed market for information products and services.

Development and mass use of information and communication technologies

Explosive development lies at the heart of the information revolution information and communication technologies... In this process, a feedback is clearly observed: the movement towards an information society sharply accelerates the development processes of these technologies, making them widely in demand.

However, the rapid growth in the production of computer technology, which began in the middle of the twentieth century, did not cause the transition to the information society. Computers were used comparatively small number specialists as long as they existed apart. The most important stages on the way to the information society were:

· Creation of telecommunication infrastructure, including data transmission networks;

· The emergence of huge databases, access to which through the network got millions of people;

· Development of uniform rules of behavior in networks and search for information in them.

A huge role in the discussed process was played by creation of the internet... Today the Internet is a colossal and rapidly growing system, the number of users of which by the beginning of 2007 exceeded 1 billion people. It should be noted that the quantitative characteristics of the Internet are becoming obsolete faster than the books in which these indicators are printed.

The growth rate of the number of network users is fairly stable at about 20% per year. The first place in terms of the number of Internet users is occupied by the United States - about 200 million Americans are connected to the global network (all data at the beginning of 2007). In second and third places are China and Japan with 111 and 87 million users, respectively. In Russia, the number of people connected to the Internet is 21.8 million, which is 17.5 percent more than in the previous year. This indicator allowed Russia to take 11th place in the ranking of the most Internet-connected countries. Note, however, that “connected” does not mean “regularly using”; in statistics of this kind all over the world there are difficulties in data interpretation.

According to some indicators related to the Internet, our country is in the lead. Thus, in terms of the number of users of fiber-optic networks, Russia ranks first in Europe. This is due to the fact that with the relatively late start of mass Internetization, it was easier for Russian providers to develop new and technologically more advanced Internet access channels than to modernize existing ones.

Information and communication technology constantly evolving. Gradually happens universalization of leading technologies, i.e. instead of creating their own technology for each task, they are developing powerful, versatile technologies that allow for many use cases. An example of this * office systems software, in which you can perform many different actions * from the simplest typing to creating enough specialized programs(say, accruals wages using a table processor).

The universalization of information technology promotes widespread use of multimedia. A modern multimedia system is capable of combining functions, for example, of a computer, TV, radio, multi-projector, telephone, answering machine, fax, while providing access to data networks.

The improvement of computing technology leads to the personalization and miniaturization of information storage devices. Tiny, palm-sized devices with all the functions of a personal computer allow a person to acquire their own universal reference book, the amount of information which is comparable to several encyclopedias. Since this device can be connected to the network, it also transmits operational data - for example, about the weather, current time, the state of traffic jams, etc.

Overcoming the information crisis

The information crisis is a phenomenon that became noticeable already at the beginning of the twentieth century. It manifests itself in the fact that the flow of information that poured into a person is so great that it is inaccessible to processing in a reasonable time. This phenomenon takes place both in scientific research and in technical developments, and in social and political life. In our increasingly complex world, decision-making is becoming an increasingly responsible business, and it is impossible without completeness of information.

The accumulation of the general volume of knowledge is accelerating at an astonishing rate. At the beginning of the 20th century, the total volume of all information produced by mankind doubled every 50 years, by 1950 it doubled every 10 years, by the end of the 20th century - already every 5 years, and this, apparently, is not the limit.

Here are some examples of the manifestations of the information explosion. Number scientific publications in most branches of knowledge is so great, and traditional access to them (reading magazines) is so difficult that specialists cannot manage to navigate in them, which gives rise to duplication of work and other unpleasant consequences.

It often turns out that it is easier to redesign some technical device than to find documentation about it in countless descriptions and patents.

A political leader who makes a responsible decision at a high level, but does not own the completeness of information, will easily fall into a mess, and the consequences can be catastrophic. Of course, information alone in such a case is not enough; adequate methods of political analysis are also needed, but without information they are useless.

The result is information crisis which manifests itself in the following:

· The information flow exceeds the human capacity for the perception and processing of information;

· There is a large amount of redundant information (the so-called "information noise"), which makes it difficult to perceive information useful to the consumer;

· Strengthening economic, political and other barriers that prevent the dissemination of information (for example, due to secrecy).

A partial way out of the information crisis is seen in the use of new information technologies. The introduction of modern means and methods of storing, processing and transmitting information greatly reduces the barrier to access to it and the speed of search. Of course, technologies alone cannot solve a problem that is both economic (information costs money) and legal (information has an owner), and a number of others. This problem is complex, so it should be tackled by the efforts of both each country and the world community as a whole.

Freedom of access to information and freedom of its dissemination

The discussed problem lies more in the political and economic plane than in the technical one, since modern information technologies, purely technically, have opened an endless space for information exchanges. An information society is impossible without freedom of access to information. Freedom of access to information and freedom of its dissemination is a prerequisite for democratic development, contributing to economic growth, fair competition in the market. Only relying on complete and reliable information, it is possible to make correct and balanced decisions in politics, economics, science, and practice.

Freedom of dissemination of information of a cultural and educational nature is of great importance. It promotes the growth of cultural and educational level society.

At the same time, the problem of freedom of access to information has an opposite side. Not all information of state, corporate or personal importance should be freely circulated. Everyone has the right to personal secrets; likewise, a state or corporation has secrets vital to their existence. There should be no freedom to disseminate information that promotes violence and other, unacceptable for society and the individual, phenomena. Finding a compromise between freedom of access to information and inevitable restrictions is not an easy task.

Growth of information culture

The modern understanding of information culture is the ability and needs of a person to work with information by means of new information technologies.

Purposeful efforts of society and the state to develop the information culture of the population are mandatory when moving towards an information society. One of the important tasks of the computer science course is the development of elements of the information culture of students. This task is complex in nature, it cannot be solved only by the school. The development of elements of information culture should begin in childhood, in the family, and then go through the entire conscious life of a person, through the entire system of education and upbringing.

Information culture involves much more than a simple skill set technical processing information by means of a computer and telecommunication means. Information culture should become a part of universal human culture. A cultured (in a broad sense) person should be able to evaluate the information received qualitatively, understand its usefulness, reliability, etc.

An essential element of information culture is the mastery of the method of collective decision-making. The ability to interact in the information field with other people is an important sign of a member of the information society.

Changes in education

Big changes are taking place as we move towards an information society in education. One of the fundamental problems facing modern education. * Make it more accessible to everyone. This accessibility has economic, social and technological aspects.

However, the problems of building the education system in the information society are not limited to technologies. By virtue of its dynamism, this society will require from its members continuous, over the course of tens of years, training. This will allow a person to keep up with the times, be able to change profession, take a worthy place in the social structure of society. In this regard, even a new concept arose: “the principle of lifelong professional development”. Economically developed countries have already embarked on the path of creating a system of continuous education, including preschool and school education, vocational education, a system of professional retraining and advanced training, additional education (sometimes non-formal), etc. The level of quantitative and qualitative development of the educational system makes it possible to judge the degree of advancement of the country along the path to the information society.

Changing the way of life of people

The formation of the information society has a significant impact on Everyday life people. From the examples already available, one can foresee that the changes will be profound. Thus, the massive introduction of television in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century significantly changed the life of people, and not only in better side... On the one hand, millions of people have the opportunity to access the treasures of national and world culture, on the other hand, it has decreased live communication, more stereotypes imposed by television have appeared, the reading circle has narrowed.

Let us consider the individual components of the way of life, analyzing what has already taken place and what is being born in our time.

Job. According to a sociological study conducted in the United States, already now up to 10% of workers can do their job without leaving home, and 1/3 of all newly registered firms is based on the widespread use of self-employment, not associated with regular coming to the office.

Studies. In a number of countries, the number of children not attending school, but being educated at home using computer programs and telecommunications, is increasing. If this tendency continues to develop, the school faces the most serious danger since its inception as a mass public institution. If we consider that the school not only teaches, but also instills in children the skills of socialization, social behavior, then such a development causes a certain concern.

Leisure activities are changing before our eyes. Computer games, already taking up a significant amount of time for some people, are being transformed into network games involving several remote partners. The time spent on “walking” on the Internet without a specific purpose, as well as on the so-called “chat”, with not too meaningful messaging is growing. At the same time, cognitive trips to educational sites are also implemented, virtual museums etc. As mentioned above, information culture is only a part of the culture of a common humanity, and the form of spending leisure time is determined primarily by the general culture of a particular person.

A recent advancement in internet technology is shopping trip real goods to a virtual online store - is already beginning to noticeably affect the trading system.

The dwelling of a person has a tendency to more and more "informatization". Houses are already being commissioned, in which instead of a wiring harness (electrical wiring, telephone, television, burglar and fire alarms, etc.), only one power cable and one information cable are included. The latter takes over all information communications, including the provision of many channels. cable TV, Internet access, etc. Special the electronic unit in such an apartment it will control all devices, including household appliances and life support systems, help the inhabitant of the apartment live as comfortably as possible. Such a house is called “smart”.

Since for many people the car has become an extension of their habitat, the emergence of “ smart cars ” also important. Such a car, in addition to the already obligatory microprocessor devices serving its technical part, is constantly connected with city information services, suggesting the most optimal currently route (taking into account the busyness of the routes). In addition, the “smart” car is associated with “ smart home”Of his master and from him you can control this house.

The dangers of the information society

While admiring the opportunities that the information society brings, one should not forget about the contradictions that it potentially contains and which are already manifesting.

It should be understood that the concept of "information society" does not lie in the same circle of concepts that are associated with the concepts of "capitalism", "socialism", etc., i.e. does not directly indicate the nature of property relations and the economic structure. In the same way, it should not be perceived as another utopia that promises universal happiness.

Here are some of the dangers and challenges on the road to an information society:

· A real possibility of destruction by information technologies of the private life of people and organizations;

· The danger of an ever-increasing influence on society from the media and those who control these means;

· The problem of selection of high-quality and reliable information with a large volume;

· The problem of adaptation of many people to the environment of the information society, to the need to constantly improve their professional level;

· A collision with virtual reality, in which illusion and reality are difficult to distinguish, creates for some people, especially young people, little studied, but clearly unfavorable psychological problems;

· The transition to an information society does not promise any changes in social benefits and preserves the social stratification of people; moreover, information inequality can be added to existing species inequality and thereby increase social tensions;

· The reduction in the number of jobs in the economy of developed countries, which is not fully compensated by the creation of new jobs in the information sphere, leads to a dangerous social ailment - mass unemployment.

The so-called “ information wars”. This term is interpreted as an open or hidden informational impact of state systems on each other in order to obtain a certain gain in the political or material sphere. The main targets of defeat in such wars will be the information infrastructures and psychology of the enemy.

Information war is understood as a complex impact on the system of state and military control of the opposing side, on its military-political leadership. In principle, this impact should, even in peacetime, lead to the adoption of favorable (for the side - initiator of information pressure) decisions, and in the course of a conflict completely paralyze the functioning of the enemy's command and control infrastructure. Information confrontation preceding information war is realized by influencing information and Information Systems enemy while strengthening and protecting their own information and information systems and infrastructure. At a certain stage, an information war can turn into a conventional one, using traditional types of weapons to suppress a weakened enemy. Unfortunately, there are already examples of information wars that have taken place.

The history of the concept

The term "information society" owes its name to the professor of the Tokyo Institute of Technology Yu Hayashi, whose term was used in the works of F. Machlup (1962) and T. Umesao (1963) that appeared almost simultaneously - in Japan and the United States. The theory of the "information society" was developed by such famous authors as M. Porat, J. Massouda, T. Stoner, R. Karz and others; to one degree or another, it received support from those researchers who focused not so much on the progress of information technology itself, but on the formation of a technological, or technetronic (technetronic - from the Greek. techne), society, or designated modern society, starting from the increased or growing role of knowledge as “the knowledgeable society”, “knowledge society” or “knowledge-value society”. Today there are dozens of concepts proposed to designate individual, sometimes even completely insignificant signs. modern society, for one reason or another, called, however, based on its characteristics. Thus, in contrast to the first approach to terminological designations, the second leads, in fact, to the rejection of generalizing concepts and limits the researchers who profess it to study on particular issues.

Beginning in 1992, Western countries began to use the term, for example, the concept of "national global information infrastructure" was introduced in the United States after the famous conference of the National Science Foundation and the famous report of B. Clinton and A. Gore. The concept of the information society originated in the work of the European Commission's Expert Group on Information Society Programs, led by Martin Bangemann, one of Europe's most respected information society experts; Information Highways and Superhighways - in Canadian, British and American publications.

At the end of the XX century. the terms information society and informatization have firmly taken their place, and not only in the lexicon of specialists in the field of information, but also in the lexicon of politicians, economists, teachers and scientists. In most cases, this concept was associated with the development of information technologies and telecommunication means, allowing on the platform of civil society (or at least its declared principles) to make a new evolutionary leap and worthily enter the next, 21st century already as an information society or its initial stage.

It should be noted that a number of Western and domestic political scientists and political economists are inclined to draw a sharp line separating the concept of the information society from post-industrialism. However, although the concept of the information society is intended to replace the theory of post-industrial society, its supporters repeat and further develop a number of the most important provisions of technocracy and traditional futurology.

It is symptomatic that a number of leading researchers who have formulated the theory of post-industrial society, such as D. Bell, are now advocating the concept of the information society. For Bell himself, the concept of the information society became a kind of new stage in the development of the theory of post-industrial society. As Bell stated, "a revolution in the organization and processing of information and knowledge, in which the computer plays a central role, is developing in the context of what I have called postindustrial society."

According to Professor W. Martin, the information society is understood as a "developed post-industrial society" that arose primarily in the West. In his opinion, it is not accidental that the information society is being established primarily in those countries - Japan, the USA and Western Europe - in which a post-industrial society was formed in the 60s - 70s.

W. Martin made an attempt to identify and formulate the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria.

• Technological: key factor- information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life.
• Social: information acts as an important stimulator of changes in the quality of life, "information consciousness" is formed and approved with wide access to information.
• Economic: information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, commodity, value added and employment.
• Political: freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus between different classes and social strata of the population.
• Cultural: recognizing the cultural value of information by promoting the affirmation information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole.

In doing so, Martin emphasizes the idea that communication is “a key element of the information society”.

Martin notes that speaking about the information society, it should not be taken literally, but considered as a guideline, a trend of changes in modern Western society. According to him, in general, this model is oriented towards the future, but in the developed capitalist countries already now it is possible to name a number of changes caused by information technologies, which confirm the concept of the information society.

Among these changes, Martin lists the following:

• structural changes in the economy, especially in the distribution of labor; increased awareness of the importance of information and information technology;
• growing awareness of the need for computer literacy;
• widespread use of computers and information technology;
• development of computerization and informatization of society and education;
• government support for the development of computer microelectronic technology and telecommunications.
• widespread - computer viruses and malware around the world.

In light of these changes, Martin argues, “the information society can be defined as a society in which the quality of life, as well as the prospects for social change and economic development, are increasingly dependent on information and its exploitation. In such a society, living standards, forms of work and recreation, the education system and the market are significantly influenced by advances in information and knowledge. "

In an expanded and detailed form, the concept of the information society (taking into account the fact that it almost fully includes the theory of post-industrial society developed by him in the late 60s - early 70s) is proposed by D. Bell. As Bell argues, “in the coming century, economic and social life, for the methods of production of knowledge, as well as for the nature of a person's labor activity, is acquiring the formation of a new order based on telecommunications. The revolution in the organization and processing of information and knowledge, in which the computer plays a central role, is unfolding simultaneously with the formation of a post-industrial society. " Moreover, Bell believes, three aspects of postindustrial society are especially important for understanding this revolution. This refers to the transition from an industrial society to a society of services, the decisive importance of codified scientific knowledge for the implementation of technological innovations and the transformation of a new "intellectual technology" into key tool systems analysis and decision theory.

A qualitatively new moment has become the ability to manage large complexes of organizations and the production of systems, requiring the coordination of the activities of hundreds of thousands and even millions of people. There has been and continues to go on the rapid development of new scientific directions, such as information theory, computer science, cybernetics, decision theory, game theory, etc., that is, areas related specifically to the problems of organizational sets.

One of the extremely unpleasant aspects of the informatization of society is the loss of stability by the information society. Because of the increasing role of information, small groups can have a significant impact on all people. Such influence, for example, can be carried out through terror, actively covered by the media. Modern terrorism is one of the consequences of reducing the stability of society as it is informatized.

Bringing back the resilience of the information society can be accomplished through strengthening accounting policies. Biometrics is one of the new directions for strengthening the policies of accounting for people. Biometrics is engaged in the creation of automata capable of independently recognizing people. After the events of September 11, 2001, at the initiative of the United States, the active use of international passports with biometric identification of people by automatic machines when crossing state borders began.

The second most important area of ​​enhancing accounting policies in the information society is the massive use of cryptography. An example is a SIM card in a cell phone, it contains cryptographic protection of the accounting of payment by subscribers of the channel leased from the operator. digital communication... Cell phones are digital, it was the transition to digital that made it possible to provide everyone with communication channels, but without cryptography in SIM cards, cellular communication could not become mass. Mobile operators would not be able to reliably control the fact of the presence of money on the subscriber's account and operations to withdraw money for using the communication channel.

Russia

Several stages can be distinguished in the activities of the authorities in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of information society development in Russia. At the first stage (1991-1994), the foundations were formed in the field of informatization. The second stage (1994-1998) was characterized by a change in priorities from informatization to the development of an information policy. The third stage, which continues to this day, is the stage of policy formation in the field of building the information society. In 2002, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Federal Target Program "Electronic Russia 2002-2010." , which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the information society in the Russian regions.

In order to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of personal biometric data, Russia was the first developed country to start creating a special package of national standards: GOST R 52633.0-2006 (put into effect); GOST R 52633.1-2009 (put into effect), GOST R 52633.2 (public discussion took place); GOST R 52633.3 GOST R 52633.4 (developed, preparing for public discussion); GOST R 52633.5 (developed, preparing for public discussion).

Since other countries do not yet have national standards for converting a person's biometrics into his personal cryptographic key, presumably the standards of the GOST R 52633.xx package will be used in the future as the basis for relevant international standards. In this regard, it is interesting to note that the already existing international biometric standards were originally created as national US standards.

Belarus

In 2010, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus approved the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in Belarus until 2015 and the plan of priority measures for its implementation for 2010 (the development of the information society is one of the national priorities and is a national task). The formation of the foundations of the information society has been completed, the legal basis for informatization has been laid. In the period up to 2015 in the Republic of Belarus, according to the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Republic of Belarus until 2015, work should be completed on the creation and development of the basic components of the information and communication infrastructure for the development of the state delivery system electronic services (e-government). It will include a nationwide information system that integrates government information resources in order to provide electronic services; a unified secure environment for information interaction; state system management public keys; identification system for physical and legal entities, as well as payment gateway in integration with a single settlement information space, through which payment transactions will be carried out. According to the plan of informatization of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2015, it can be assumed that by 2015, each university will have broadband to the Internet. The strategy for the development of the information society in the country provides for the growth by 2015 of broadband Internet access ports to 3 million (about 530,000 today), the number of mobile Internet users will reach 7 million (about 1.6 million today). Today, over 87% of Belarusian schools have some form of Internet access, and over 21% have broadband access.

CIS countries

In the CIS countries, the information society is implemented on the basis of an interstate network of information and marketing centers (IMC network), which is a project similar to the Digital Agenda for Europe, presented by the European Commission as a strategy to ensure the growth of the EU economy v digital age and dissemination digital technologies among all walks of life.

Literature

1. Abdeev R.F. Philosophy of Information Civilization / Editors: E. S. Ivashkina, V. G. Detkova. - M .: VLADOS, 1994 .-- S. 96-97. - 336 p. - 20,000 copies. - ISBN 5-87065-012-7
2. Varakin L. E. Global Information Society: Development Criteria and Socio-Economic Aspects. -M .: Intern. acad. communications, 2001. - 43 p., ill.
3. Vartanova E. L. Finnish model at the turn of the century: Inform. Finnish society and media in Europe perspective. : Publishing house Mosk. University, 1999 .-- 287 p.
4. Voronina T.P. Information society: essence, features, problems. - M., 1995 .-- 111 p.
5. Korotkov A. V., Kristalny B. V., Kurnosov I. N. State policy of the Russian Federation in the field of information society development. // Under scientific. ed. A. V. Korotkova. - M .: OOO Train, 2007. ISBN 978-5-903652-01-3. - 472 p.
6. Martin W. J. Information Society (Abstract) // Theory and practice of social and scientific information. Quarterly / USSR Academy of Sciences. INION; Editorial board .: Vinogradov V.A. (chief editor) et al. - M., 1990. - No. 3. - P. 115-123.
7. Chernov A. Formation of the global information society: problems and prospects.
8. Tuzovsky, I. D. Bright tomorrow? Dystopia of futurology and futurology of dystopias. - Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinsk State Academician culture and arts, 2009. - 312 p.

Notes (edit)

F. Webster, Information Society Theories, Moscow: Aspect Press, 2004, 400

see also

• Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation

Links

• , 2000
• Basil Lvoff Media and information society
• A. V. Kostina Trends in the development of information society culture: analysis of modern information and post-industrial concepts // Electronic journal"Knowledge. Understanding. Skill "... - 2009. - № 4 - Culturology.
• Pogorskiy E.K. The role of youth in the formation of the information society // Humanitarian information portal “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill "... - 2012. - No. 2 (March - April) (archived in WebCite).
• Pogorskiy E.K. Formation of the Information Society in the Russian Federation: Dialogue between Citizens and Local Self-Government Bodies // Scientific works of the Moscow University for the Humanities. - 2011.
• Skorodumova O.B. Domestic approaches to the interpretation of the information society: postindustrialist, synergetic and postmodernist paradigms // Electronic journal "

1. Information society: concepts, definitions, concepts

Information Society 1

The role of the state in the formation of the information society. 9

The concept of development of the information society of the European Community. 12

Self-Test Questions: 19

On the other hand, the penetration of information technology into people's privacy can threaten the privacy of citizens. Price for convenience, speed of transmission and reception of information, varied information Services- a person must constantly report personal data about himself to information systems - loss of anonymity.

Due to the special sensitivity to the collection of personal information, the documents of the European Community (Building the European Information Society for Us All. First Reflections of the High Level Group of Experts. Interim Report, January 1996) offer the following recommendations:

· Collection and storage of identifiable information should be minimal;

· The decision to open or close information must be provided by the people themselves;

· When designing information systems, it is necessary to take into account the need to protect personal information;

Citizens must have access to the latest technology to protect personal secrets;

· The protection of personal information and privacy should become the central point of policy ensuring the right to anonymity of citizens in information systems.

Intensive introduction of information technologies into government bodies makes it possible to:

· To bring them closer to citizens, to improve and expand services, to the population;

· Improve internal efficiency and reduce public sector costs;

Stimulate the creation of a new information equipment, products and services by the private sector through adequate public policy.

The following principles should be applied in relation to access to public information:

· Information should be open to everyone;

· Basic information should be free. Reasonable price should be charged if required additional processing, bearing in mind the cost of preparing and transmitting information, plus a small profit;

· Continuity: information must be provided continuously and must be of the same quality.

As a rule, the reason for failures in the implementation of projects for the introduction of information technology both at the level of enterprises and the state is the inability to combine technological innovations with organizational ones.

1.2. The role of the state in the formation of the information society

The rapid development of ITT, the convergence of computer systems, communications of various types, the entertainment industry, the production of consumer electronics lead to the need to revise the ideas about the information industry, its role and place in society. Many countries are now adopting new laws, restructuring the activities of state bodies responsible for the formation and implementation of information and telecommunications policies.

State information policy- regulating the activities of state bodies aimed at the development of the information sphere of society, which covers not only telecommunications, information systems or the media, but the entire set of industries and relations associated with the creation, storage, processing, demonstration, transmission of information in all its forms - business, entertainment, scientific and educational, news, etc.

Such an expansive interpretation of information policy seems to be justified today, since the digitalization of information and the latest telecommunications and Computer techologies are intensively eroding barriers between different sectors of the information industry.

Comprehensive consideration of the processes occurring in the information sphere of society, modern methods of its state regulation very important for Russia, since the state has not fully defined itself in this area. The existing attempts to write concepts of the information space only partially solve the problem, since the space itself is formed not so much by the state as by the market and new commercial structures. The history of the Russian computer market confirms this. Analysis of the foreign practice of regulating the information sphere of society allows us to single out a number of areas, which include:

· Encouragement of competition, fight against monopoly (control over the concentration of ownership in the media, issuance of permits for mergers of companies, decisions on the disintegration of large monopoly companies);

· Ensuring the right and technical capabilities to access information and information resources for the entire population;

· Observance of freedom of speech;

· Protection of the interests of national minorities, the younger generation in the information sphere;

· Protection of the national cultural heritage, language, opposition to the cultural expansion of other countries;

· Ensuring information security;

· Protection of intellectual property, fight against piracy;

· Fight against computer and high-tech crimes;

· Control over the use of information and telecommunication technologies in government agencies;

· Censorship in global computer networks.

The most significant trends in the foreign information industry in recent years include the revision of the previously established rules for its regulation: deregulation of the telecommunications market, which allows cable, telephone, cellular, satellite and other companies to compete in each other's markets; weakening of control over the concentration of ownership in various media. As a result, both vertical and horizontal integration of information markets and means of its transmission occurs.

The development of the information industry and new information relations in Russia is largely stimulated by global processes in this area - the deregulation of the telecommunications market, the privatization of state telecom operators, the creation of new information conglomerates, including information delivery vehicles (cable and telephone networks, satellites, computer systems etc.) and content producers - television and film studios, publishing houses, news agencies.

At the moment, there is a wave of mergers of the largest information companies world into large associations that will control the market for the creation and dissemination of media in the next century. These transformations are the response of leading information companies to the opportunities created by new technologies and changes in the regulatory system of the information industry. Since this process is extremely dynamic, Russia has only a year or two to take its rightful place in the system of international information relations.

Maintaining competition, fighting the monopoly of individual manufacturers or firms providing services is the cornerstone of state regulation. In the field of telecommunications, the mergers of various companies at the national and interstate levels necessarily take place with the permission of the relevant authorities, in the United States it is the Federal Communications Commission and the Department of Justice, which determine whether the merger of two or more companies will lead to the emergence of a monopoly that will eliminate competition and, as a result, with over time will reduce the quality and variety of services provided to the business world and the population, will lead to higher prices. All major American companies, such as AT&T, Microsoft, IBM, television companies, which are now looking for partners in their own and foreign markets, are under the scrutiny of these bodies.

There are extensive gaps in Russian information legislation - laws on the right to information, on the protection of personal data, on television have not been adopted. The laws on the protection of copyright and related rights, on the mass media, on participation in international information exchange require amendments. However, new ones are added to the old unsolved problems. On the agenda is the regulation of the already begun process of concentration of ownership of domestic funds mass information merging newspapers, merging them with TV channels, news agencies, financial groups. There are no documents regulating the procedure for the formation and maintenance of departmental information resources, access to them by citizens. The rules for the acquisition and operation of information and telecommunication technologies in government agencies have not been established, which leads to uncontrolled and irresponsible spending of significant amounts, computer and information systems do not make the expected contribution to increasing the efficiency of government agencies. It is necessary to develop your "own" Internet based on Russian information. The development of regulatory documents governing the sale of information resources created by government bodies... Resources that cannot be denationalized, such as statistical information must be clearly listed. Finally, it is necessary to determine what is the place and role of Russia in international programs, such as the Global Information Infrastructure.

1.3. Concept for the development of the information society of the European Community

Since 1994, the European Community has set the task of building the information society among the highest priorities. Significant success has been achieved in the implementation of the Action Plan (Europe and the global information society, 1994), which defined the strategy for moving Europe towards the information society:

· The liberalization of the telecommunications sector has been successfully launched;

· Efforts have been made to ensure the social orientation of the information society, to support regional initiatives to achieve coordinated development;

· Formulated an action plan in the field of education;

· Supported the European content industry, which is expected to create an additional 1 million jobs over the next 10 years;

· Successfully implemented programs of scientific development;

The European Commission has become an important tool for developing general rules, which are necessary for the transition to the global information society.

Taking into account what has already been achieved, new tasks are set for European countries:

1. Improve the business environment through effective and coordinated liberalization of telecommunications, create the necessary conditions for the introduction of e-commerce.

2. A transition to lifelong learning is needed. The initiative "Education in the Information Society" is working in this direction.

3. The significant implications of the information society for a particular individual have prompted a discussion aimed at placing people at the center of the transformations taking place. As a result of the discussion, the Green Paper “Life and Work in the Information Society: People First” (Green Paper, 1996) was released. It is about the creation of new jobs, the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, above all the inviolability of personal life.

4. Today, the importance of global cooperation, the establishment of rules for the creation of an information society is clear. They affect intellectual property rights, data protection and privacy, distribution of harmful and illegal content, taxation issues, information security, the use of frequencies, standards. To establish common rules in these areas, multilateral agreements are required within the European Union.

The European Commission established a Forum in February 1995 to discuss common problems the formation of the information society. Its 128 members represent users of new technologies, various social groups, content and service providers, network operators, government and international institutions. The purpose of the Forum is to trace the process of the formation of the information society in six areas:

· Impact on the economy and employment;

· The main social and democratic values ​​in the "virtual community";

· Impact on public, government services;

· Education, retraining, training in the information society;

· Cultural dimension and the future of the media;

· Sustainable development, technology and infrastructure.

Thus, at present, the prerequisites and real ways of forming and developing the information society in Russia have been recognized. This process has a global character, and our country will inevitably enter the world information community. The use of the material and spiritual benefits of the information civilization can provide the population of Russia with a decent life, economic prosperity and the necessary conditions for the free development of the individual. Russia should join the family of technologically and economically developed countries as a full-fledged participant in world civilizational development with the preservation of political independence, national identity and cultural traditions, with a developed civil society and the rule of law. It can be expected that the main features and characteristics of the information society will be formed in Russia under stable socio-political conditions and profound economic transformations in the first quarter of the 21st century.

The characteristic features and characteristics of the information society include:

· Formation of a single information and communication space of Russia as part of the world information space, full participation of Russia in the processes of information and economic integration of regions, countries and peoples;

· The formation and subsequent dominance in the economy of new technological structures based on the massive use of promising information technologies, computer technology and telecommunications;

· Creation and development of a market for information and knowledge as factors of production in addition to markets for natural resources, labor and capital, the transition of information resources of society into real resources of socio-economic development, actual satisfaction of society's needs for information products and services;

· The growing role of information and communication infrastructure in the system of social production;

· Raising the level of education, scientific, technical and cultural development by expanding the capabilities of information exchange systems at the international, national and regional levels and, accordingly, increasing the role of qualifications, professionalism and creativity as the most important characteristics of labor services;

· Creation of an effective system for ensuring the rights of citizens and social institutions to freely receive, disseminate and use information as the most important condition for democratic development.

The need for the transition to an information society is closely related to the change in the nature of the impact of scientific and technological progress on people's lives. At the end of the 20th century, the rate of change of technological structures in production, technologies for the provision of products and services and the management of these processes has increased significantly. If at the beginning and even in the middle of the century such changes took place in periods of time significantly exceeding the lifespan of one or two generations, today the change in the technological order takes place in a shorter period. At the same time, the lifestyle of most of the population, the socio-psychological model of behavior of people and society as a whole, is radically changing. The behavioral models of the present and future generations begin to differ especially significantly - the well-known problem of “fathers and children”. Obviously, one of the factors that can, to a certain extent, weaken the impact on the human psyche of such changes in the way of life, is the level of information readiness of a person for future changes. One of critical indicators lifestyle changes in the second half of our century is the development and use of new information and communication technologies in all areas of social life and activities, the level of production and consumption by society of information products and services. The change in attitudes towards information and the expansion of opportunities for obtaining and using information to enhance human potential and its development in many directions are obvious.

All of the above determines the emergence and necessity of solving a complex socially significant problem - creating a socio-psychological model of behavior for a member of the information society, identifying "points" and methods of influence that will ensure normal adaptation and comfortable existence of a person in an information society, reduce the contradictions between generations.

It seems that the most effective way such an impact is exerted by the education system, which should teach a child, adolescent and adult to the need for constant changes in their lifestyle, to perceive, follow and preserve the national traditions and cultural heritage of their country.

Conclusions:

INFORMATION SOCIETY is one of the theoretical models used to describe a qualitatively new stage of social development, which developed countries entered with the beginning of the information and computer revolution. The technological foundation of society is not industrial, but information and telecommunication technologies.

The Information Society is a society in which:

1. Information becomes the main economic resource, and the information sector comes out on top in terms of development rates, the number of people employed, the share of investment, and the share in GDP. ITT are becoming the main means of increasing production efficiency, strengthening competitiveness both in the domestic and world markets.

2. There is a well-developed infrastructure that ensures the creation of sufficient information resources. This is primarily the education system and science. There is a redistribution of resources in favor of science and education. In the United States, the so-called accumulated human capital is three times the assets of all American corporations. The main form of ownership becomes intellectual property... In the competition for world championship, a new factor appears - the level of development of the information infrastructure and industry.

3. Information becomes a subject of mass consumption. The information society provides any individual with access to any source of information. This is guaranteed by law (military and state secret also determined by law) and technical capabilities. New criteria for assessing the level of development of society are emerging - the number of computers, the number of Internet connections, the number of mobile and fixed telephones, etc. The legal foundations of the information society are being developed.

4. A single integrated information system is being formed on the basis of technological convergence (merger of telecommunications, computer-electronic, audio-visual technology). Unified national information systems are being created (in the USA - in the 1980s, in Western Europe - in the 1990s).

5. The information society is being formed as a global one. It includes:

· The world "information economy";

· A single world information space;

Global information infrastructure;

· The emerging global legislative and legal system.

In the information society, business activity flows into the information and communication environment. A virtual economy, a virtual financial system, etc. are being formed, which raises the most difficult questions about the mechanisms of their regulation and connection with the real, "physical" economy

Questions for self-test:

1. What is the "information society"

2. What is the global staging historical development humanity

3. What are the main provisions of the concept of the information society

5. Five stages of the process of formation of the information society (according to A.I. Rakitov)

6. Distinctive features information society

7. Criteria for the transition of society to the post-industrial and informational stages of its development (according to IV Sokolova)

8. Additional criteria for the transition of society to information stage development. A society is considered informational if: ... (according to A.I. Rakitov)

9. Dangers of information technology development

10. Benefits that information technologies give to society

11. Principles for the development of access to public information

12. What is "State information policy"

14. What is the strategy for moving Europe towards the information society

15. Characteristics and characteristics of the information society

16. How the global nature of the information society is manifested

Literature:

Democracy carried out by means of a referendum. Referendum (from lat. referendum- what should be communicated) or plebiscite - in state law, the adoption by the electoral corps of decisions on constitutional, legislative or other internal and foreign policy issues.

Information revolutions and information society .

In history human society several times there have been radical changes in the information field, which can be called information revolutions.

The first information revolution was associated with the invention of writing. Writing has created opportunities for the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge, for the transfer of knowledge to future generations.

The second information revolution (mid-16th century) was associated with the invention of printing. It became possible not only to save information, but also to make it massively available.

The third information revolution (late 19th century) was driven by the progress of communications. Telegraph, telephone, radio made it possible to quickly transmit information over any distance.

Fourth (70s of XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the emergence of personal computer ... Computers, computer networks, data transmission systems (information communications) are created on microprocessors and integrated circuits. This period is characterized by three fundamental innovations:

The transition from mechanical and electrical means of converting information to
electronic;

Miniaturization of all units, devices, devices, machines;

Creation of software-controlled devices and processes.

Today we are experiencing the fifth information revolution connected with the formation and development of cross-border global information and telecommunication networks, covering all countries and continents, penetrating into every house and affecting simultaneously on each person individually and on huge masses of people.

The most striking example of such a phenomenon and the result of the fifth revolution is the Internet. The essence of this revolution lies in the integration in a single information space around the world of software and hardware, communications and telecommunications, information reserves or stocks of knowledge as a single information telecommunications infrastructure, in which legal entities and individuals, government bodies and local governments are actively operating. As a result, the speeds and volumes of processed information are incredibly increasing, new unique opportunities for the production, transmission and distribution of information, search and receipt of information, new types of traditional activities in these networks appear.

Information society- a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge.

Scientists believe that in the information society the computerization process will give people access to reliable sources of information, relieve them of routine work, provide a high level of automation of information processing in production and social spheres... The driving force behind the development of society should be the production of an information product, not a material product. The material product will become more information-intensive, which means an increase in the share of innovation, design and marketing in its value.

In the information society not only production will change, but the whole way of life, the system of values, the importance of cultural leisure in relation to material values ​​will increase. Compared to an industrial society, where everything is aimed at the production and consumption of goods, intelligence and knowledge are produced and consumed in the information society, which leads to an increase in the share of mental labor. A person will need the ability to be creative, and the demand for knowledge will increase.

The material and technological base of the information society there will be various kinds of systems based on computer technology and computer networks, information technology, telecommunications.

SIGNS OF INFORMATION SOCIETIES

Besides positive aspects dangerous trends are also predicted:

the increasing influence of the media on society;

information technology can destroy the privacy of individuals and organizations;

there is a problem of selection of high-quality and reliable information;

many people will find it difficult to adapt to the environment of the information society.

there is a danger of a gap between " information elite"(people
developing information technology) and consumers.

Economics and labor structure in the information society

The transition to an information society is accompanied by a shift in the center of gravity in the economy from direct material (agricultural and industrial)

thinking) production for the provision of services, including information.

The second half of the twentieth century, thanks to informatization, was accompanied by the overflow of people from the sphere of directmy material production in the information sphere. Industrial workers, who in the middle of the twentieth century made up more than 2/3 of the population, today in developed countries make up less than 1/3. The social stratum, which is called "white collars", has grown significantly - people of hired labor, but not directly producing material values, but engaged in information processing (in a broad sense): teachers, bank employees, programmers, etc. So, by 1980, in agriculture, a characteristic feature of the information society economy was the emergence of a developed market for information products and services. This market includes sectors:

· Business information (exchange, financial, statistical, commercial information);

· Professional information (on specific professions, scientific and technical information, access to primary sources);

· Consumer information (news, all kinds of schedules, entertainment information);

Educational services

other.

Real analysis of changes in the structure of employment of the population in developed countries, which are most advanced along the path to the information society

at the end of the twentieth century, leads to the following results:

· The share of the population engaged in agricultural and traditional industrial labor continues to decrease;

· The share of the population employed in the service sector is increasing, the variety of activities in this area is growing;

· The number of managerial and technical jobs is growing rapidly;

· The share of workers with average professional qualifications is decreasing, with a simultaneous growth at the upper and lower levels of qualifications;

· The share of occupations that require a high level of education is growing faster than for the low-level category.

Differences in these indicators in different developed countries are significant, but the impact on each of them of the massive introduction of information technology is undoubted.

Overcoming information crisis

The information crisis is a phenomenon that became noticeable already at the beginning XX century. It manifests itself in the fact thatthe flow of information that poured into a person so ve
face that is unavailable to be processed in an acceptable time.

This phenomenon takes place in scientific research, and in technical developments, and in socio-politicallife. In our increasingly complex world, decision makingbecomes more and more responsible business, but it is impossiblebut without completeness of information.

The accumulation of the general volume of knowledge is accelerating at an astonishing rate. At the beginning XX century totalof all information produced by mankind has doubledevery 50 years, by 1950, doubling occurred every10 years, by 1970 - every 5 years; end this aboutThe acceleration process is not yet visible.

Here are some examples of manifestations of informationexplosion. Number of scientific publications by mostbranches of knowledge are so large, and traditional access tohim (reading magazines) is so difficult that specialists cannot

sing in them to navigate what gives rise to the oaklirovanie works and other unpleasant consequences.

It is often easier to redesign someswarm technical device than find documentation about itin countless descriptions and patents.

Political leader taking on highthe level of a responsible decision, but not owning the completenessinformation is easily missed, and the consequences canbe disastrous. Of course, one information insuch a case is not enough, adequate methods of politicalanalysis, but without information they are useless.

As a result, an information crisis sets in, showingwhich is as follows:

the information flow exceeds the limited human capacity for the perception and processing of information mation;

there is a lot of redundant information(the so-called "information noise"), which formakes it difficult to perceive useful information for the consumer tion;

economic, political and other barriers arisery that hinder the dissemination of information(for example, for reasons of secrecy).

A partial way out of the information crisis is seenin the application of new information technologies. Introducedthe development of modern means and methods of storing, processing and transmitting information many times reduce the barrier of accessto it and the speed of search. Of course, technology alone cannot solve a problem that has economic implications.character (information costs money), and legal (informationtion has an owner), and a number of others. This comp problemlexical and is solved by the efforts of both each country andthe world community as a whole.