What is infrastructure and what infrastructure facilities exist? The concept of information infrastructure and its transformation in modern conditions.

19.06.2019 Operating Systems

Global Information Infrastructure

This is an information education that began to take shape in 1995 by a group of developed countries. The global information infrastructure is being developed as a worldwide information queuing network for the planet's population based on the integration of global and regional information and telecommunication systems, as well as digital television and radio broadcasting systems, satellite systems and mobile communications.

Information infrastructure in Russia

The President of the Russian Federation through the document "Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology development for the period up to 2010 and beyond" outlined the task of the country's transition to an innovative path of development. But for this, our country needs an information infrastructure, which is currently being actively developed, and therefore attracts great attention. Russia has not yet developed an information infrastructure that would provide information support for the innovation cycle from the emergence of an idea to its implementation.

Information infrastructure examples

Examples of information infrastructure include such well-known areas of our life as:

Online media

The above examples are common to all countries. At the same time, there are examples of the results of the work of specific organizations:

Science Citation Index from the Institute for Scientific Information.

The Science Citation Index is a citation index introduced in 1961 and at that time covering about 600 journals. Today, this index is one of the largest and covers more than 16,000 sources of information.

STN from Thomson Scientific.

Layer 1. User (consumer) layer - a layer of information resource consumers with the rules of their interaction with the information structure.
Layer 2. Functional layer with a set of services provided to users (consumers) by various information providers.
Layer 3. The information layer, which directly contains the information resource.
Layer 4. Communication layer, considered as a single information highway (information network).

Notes

2018: Deputy Minister of Communications Alexey Kozyrev on IT Gov Day - about development of digital state platforms

Alexey Kozyrev spoke about the development of state digital platforms

An identification platform is necessary so that both the business and the citizen have a digital key that would allow them to conduct electronic transactions, to carry out legally significant interaction in digital form.

Every citizen must have an electronic profile. We are used to having profiles on social networks, messengers. The profile contains data that we allow or prohibit other information systems from receiving. It has become commonplace to log into various services using, for example, a Facebook or VKontakte account. And such an electronic profile should be based on data verified and confirmed by the state. And every time we conduct a particular transaction, it should be possible to either provide this personal data or deny access to it if we do not want to transfer it anywhere else. This is a rather interesting approach to how to manage your personal data, - said the Deputy Minister of Communications.

Now the state stores a huge amount of personal information of citizens, Aleksey Kozyrev reminded the audience, while the citizens themselves can obtain this information to a limited extent and through a rather complicated procedure under the guise of public services. At the same time, he stated, in fact, in most cases this information is not even needed as a paper certificate, but only in the form of machine-readable data that will be processed by other information systems. Therefore, the electronic profile of a citizen, business, containing data and the ability for the subject to manage this data is an important task, which will be addressed by the further development of the identification and authentication platform, says Kozyrev.

A very important point is that the linking of a living person to an electronic profile should be carried out by a trusted agent, Alexey Kozyrev emphasized.

For the convenience of using an electronic profile, an electronic passport is needed - a carrier with a chip on which important information from the citizen’s electronic profile is recorded, Alexey Kozyrev continued, expressing the hope that some decisions in this direction will be made already in 2018.

The prototype of the future platform for digital identification and authentication can be the ESIA, since it is popular - more than 65 million citizens are registered in it. From July 2018, the deputy minister explained, biometrics will be added to the ESIA, and in the future it is planned to add an authorization function, that is, checking the credentials of the acting person, and the ability to use EDS from the cloud.

The second important platform in the context of the development of the digital economy is the integration data bus. With its help, machine-readable data must be transferred from the source of the master data to all systems where it will be used. We are talking, among other things, about data from the commercial sector of the economy. SMEV has de facto outgrown its original functionality, the Deputy Minister stated, it is now used not only for government functions, but for various integration processes. The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications plans to further develop its functionality in order to build a unified data model on the basis of this system, to build technical standards for creating and exchanging data.

The third important platform for the future digital economy is a single data mart, a state-owned “marketplace” modeled on Yandex.Market or Amazon, which would allow to combine in a single space the services of more than 7,000 websites owned today by government authorities and various government organizations. This is very important both from the point of view of savings and from the point of view of the convenience of providing services and information to users, Aleksey Kozyrev emphasized.

In particular, this will make it possible to implement the provision of information to citizens in a one-stop shop. With the help of artificial intelligence, the system will be able to dispatch a citizen’s request both in the context of the department and in the context of legislation so that the response is both meaningful and timely.

Alexey Kozyrev also touched upon the economic processes in the EurAsEC in the context of digital integration. The development of state digital platforms will be carried out taking into account the processes on the territory of the EurAsEC, the Deputy Minister emphasized, for which a special project body has been created within the framework of the EurAsEC Commission, which will coordinate work in this direction and where the Ministry of Communications plans to send proposals for the creation of digital platforms in the EurAsEC space.

At the end of the report, Kozyrev touched upon the issues of financing the development of digital technologies by the state. Constantly investing budget money in them due to their natural obsolescence is a costly process. Therefore, it is necessary to activate PPP mechanisms, the Deputy Minister of Communications noted. However, key services - electronic identification and authentication, geographic information system - apparently should remain under the control of the state, he concluded.

The voiced theses on the development of digital platforms will be reflected in several documents, said Alexei Kozyrev, answering questions after the report. Firstly, under the Digital Economy program, plans for the implementation of the program and related activities have been approved. One of the activities in the information infrastructure section involves the development and approval of a concept for the development of state digital platforms. It is under development, after which the concept is planned to be approved by the subcommittee on the digital economy.

Regarding the EurAsEC agenda, the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media is preparing proposals from the Russian Federation for the implementation of joint projects. The proposals will be aimed at ensuring that Russian state platforms are integrated with similar platforms of EurAsEC partners.

In turn, there are three bills on the topic of PPP, said the Deputy Minister of Communications. Rather, there will be legislative initiatives that will allow concessions in the field of creation and development of information systems. In addition, there are a number of initiatives aimed at making it possible to use commercial money to refine state information systems or finance their operation for the needs of commercial organizations.

A lot of data stored by the state is required, for example, by banks for the credit process. At the same time, banks can receive personal data with the electronic consent of citizens provided online through e-government systems. But when commercial organizations begin to use government systems, the question arises of who will pay for it. And we need mechanisms that allow commercial organizations, which significantly save on risk reduction, on improving the quality of the loan portfolio, to pay for the growing load on state IT systems. We will also create such mechanisms,” Kozyrev summed up.

2017

An action plan for the development of information infrastructure within the framework of the "Digital Economy" was presented

A separate section of the action plan is devoted to measures to support the creation of a new type of infrastructure components - digital infrastructure platforms. A key feature of this type of platform is the possibility of their reuse and application in various sectors of the economy. So, for example, the end-to-end platform of the industrial Internet, on the one hand, will speed up and simplify the transition of the domestic industry to the "rails" of "Industry 4.0", and on the other hand, stimulate the development of "smart" transport, ensuring the connectivity of vehicles and road infrastructure. In general, the action plan provides for the identification and creation of at least 5 digital infrastructure platforms, as well as the development of measures to support them, including from development institutions.

Enabling the Federal Wireless LPWAN for the Internet of Things

On September 5, 2017 it became known that in the Digital Economy program developed by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications on behalf of President Vladimir Putin, after approval by the Government, a number of new items appeared. Including in the section "Information infrastructure" there is now an item on the construction of a network of the LPWAN standard.

According to the program, by the end of 2017, a concept will be developed for the development of networks for a narrow-band communication network for collecting telemetric information in cities from territories of more than 100 square meters. km. Also, the needs for services, approaches to the creation and use of the LPWAN network will be determined.

The digitalization program, according to experts, should be focused, among other things, on reducing the costs of entrepreneurs and citizens, ensuring the freedom of movement of goods, services and capital, and comprehensive cooperation of business entities in the digital space.

As for the development of digital infrastructure, first of all, it is necessary to ensure universal and unlimited access to the Internet. As priority areas, the expert council also proposes to single out work with big data, ensuring information security, creating services based on artificial intelligence, as well as identifying users and technical devices.

As part of the legal regulation of the digital economy, experts propose to ensure regulation in such segments as electronic commerce, data and intellectual property protection, technology transfer. Also, in their opinion, it is necessary to work out the issues of regulating the activities of global digital companies in the Russian Federation and create a regulatory framework for the functioning of the labor market in a digital economy.

Information infrastructure of the enterprise and its components

In the activities of almost any enterprise, both small and large, both specializing in the provision of services or sales, and in the production of high-tech products, it is necessary to achieve synergy in the production process, customer service, in the implementation of a set of marketing activities, and in general in the implementation all functions. Information technology (the need for which is already recognized, no doubt, by all companies wishing to succeed) does not just lead to increased efficiency, but can be regarded as a significant intangible asset companies. But the maximum effect will be achieved only when they are used not separately, but integrated, and represent a single information infrastructure.

There are several definitions of AI, however, at the moment, all of them quite incompletely reflect the essence of this object:

1. Information infrastructure is a system of organizational structures that ensure the functioning and development of the information space of the country and the means of information interaction. It includes a set of information centers, data and knowledge banks, communication systems and provides consumers with access to information resources Glossary [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: www.glossary.ru, free. - Zagl. from the screen..

This definition is found in most of the information sources available today. However, it should be noted that AI includes not only a “system of organizational structures”, but also methodologies and mechanisms for their interaction, which are currently based on software products and applications that are part of modern information systems.

2. Information infrastructure can be defined as a socio-technical construct. Another term that is given the same meaning in this case is socio-technical networks. “AI is more than pure technology, it is more of a socio-technical network.” (Nshkkentved, 2004) (cited in )., including economic agents, resources and processes provided by information and communication technologies, and extending beyond the boundaries of the business network of the company Sheresheva M.Yu. Development of the information infrastructure of retail networks in Russia / M.Yu. Shereshev // Russian Journal of Management. - 2005. V. 3. No. 1. - S. 53..

This definition reflects the social aspect of AI, which has been increasingly strengthened in recent years. Note, however, that the methodological aspect of information technology is overlooked.

3. Information and communication infrastructure - a set of geographically distributed state and corporate information systems, communication lines, networks and data transmission channels, means of switching and managing information flows, as well as organizational structures, legal and regulatory mechanisms that ensure their effective functioning Information Society Glossary [electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.iis.ru/glossary/ici.ru.html. free.. - Zagl. from the screen..

This definition of AI is global in nature, encompassing all existing AI, not just enterprise AI. It can be attributed to any modern infrastructure, and not to the totality of the state-corporate network.

Thus, from these three definitions, we can conclude that the concept of AI includes solutions not only for software, hardware and organizational support, but also the methodology and mechanisms for their interaction, which is consistent with the understanding of the system in the most modern standards such as ISO Mikhailovsky N. Information system architecture, risk assessment and total cost of ownership [Electronic resource] // IS Director. - 2002. - June 17 (No. 6). - M: Director of IS.RU, 2002. - Access mode: http://www.osp.ru/cio/2002/06/021_1.htm, free. ? Title from the screen..

It is necessary to emphasize the difference between the concept of AI and the concept of information system architecture. Architecture is a "concept that defines the model, structure, functions performed and the relationship of information system components" Glossary [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: www.glossary.ru, free. - Zagl. from the screen. or “the formal definition of business rules, system structures, technical constraints, and the nature of the products produced for business information systems. The architecture of information systems consists of four levels: business architecture, systems architecture, technical architecture and production architecture” Glossary of the Information Society [electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.iis.ru/glossary/ici.ru.html. free. - Zagl. from the screen. Thus, if we consider enterprise information systems as a component of AI, then the IS architecture will also be its integral part. In other words, the architecture gives an idea of "how it works", and the infrastructure - "what it is filled with".

It should be noted that a new understanding of the essence of AI began to develop in the 80s of the XX century. Currently, this development continues, new forms of AI are emerging, in particular, the concept of adaptive infrastructure is being increasingly developed. In our opinion, the main trend in the improvement of AI and the basis for its future development is the merging of existing, so to speak, "classical" methods, as well as the use of hybrid technologies.

The formation and development of AI in modern companies should be determined by the goals and objectives of the business, and not be set by management "from above". Thus, AI management is an integral part of business management. In addition, the formation of AI is one of the main tasks of modern information management.

The company's AI is a holistic structure, all parts of which are closely interconnected. At earlier stages of development, one could talk about such components as "internal" and "external" infrastructure. So, for example, when companies used information systems (hereinafter referred to as IS), which were built on the basis of MRP, that is, they were closed and worked only to service the enterprise, there was an internal infrastructure. However, at present, both of these parts of AI are consistent structures, the modern characteristic of AI is the fact that there is practically no separation between the internal and external components.

In high-tech and manufacturing companies, "internal", i.e. focused on solving the internal problems of the enterprise, AI is almost 100% determined by the very essence of production, management and product quality requirements. Business rules in such a company, roles, responsibilities, including in the information sphere, are clearly defined and standardized. "Internal" AI and its development are fully subordinated to business goals and are determined by standard practices and structures. To build “internal” AI, there is a line of products from IBM (for example, Tivoli class solutions for small and medium enterprises), Microsoft, HP and Intel server software, Oracle products, etc.

In service-oriented companies, the "external" component of the infrastructure, which supports the interaction of the company's management and production structures with the external environment, somewhat "outweighs". For such companies, the main goal is to sell the product / service to as many customers as possible. As examples of "external" AI, we can offer corporate IS modules and application programs that provide such interaction (hereinafter, the concept of "external" AI will be used without quotes).

Introduction. 2

Information infrastructure. 3

Information-analytical system (IAS) as part of software support for the organization's information structure. 4

Project of the IAS Institute. 8

Conclusion. 12

Literature. fourteen

Introduction

At present, the management of any activity is impossible without the analysis of a large amount of information and its processing with the help of computers. The use of computer technology in various fields of human activity has come a long way, which was determined not only by the development of the technology itself, but also by the development of the principles and methods of information processing, both in terms of areas of application and in terms of the breadth of use.

With the advent of personal computers in the 1980s, there was not only an increase in computerized jobs, but, more importantly, a change in the requirements for software that was used in the field of management and others. The software should no longer require a specially trained operator and should be understandable to a subject matter specialist who uses a computer as a tool.

In addition, the information we work with now is distributed between different computers, and local networks are used to access "foreign" data, which have replaced multi-terminal systems.

Another important, and recently, perhaps, the most important aspect of the use of personal computers has been the development of global networks and their use not in mail mode, but in real time. Thanks to the development of telecommunications and means of communication, it becomes possible to access the vast knowledge accumulated over the centuries using modern information retrieval systems. This aspect of activity is extremely important in scientific and educational work, advanced training. The possibilities and bandwidth of global networks are evidenced by the fact that many computer games provide a game over the Internet.

Information infrastructure

Information infrastructure (AI) is the organization of the interaction of information flows (it does not matter which carrier).

The creation of AI using computer technology implies a set of activities that includes:

Organizational measures (determination of the structure of documents and routes of their movement, determination of responsibility for the types of activities carried out, determination of the rules for organizing the development of programs and the structure of the database, methods of financing, etc.);

Technical measures (acquisition, installation and maintenance of equipment operation, creation of a cable system);

Determination of the system software that will be used in the organization and the creation of a LAN as a software and hardware complex (installation of system software, organization of routing between subnets, network administration and work with network users);

Training of employees of the organization;

Using standard software when working with documents, organizing a postal service, organizing access to the Internet;

Design and development of software products and creation of an information and analytical system (IAS);

Ensuring the security of information;

The work of the operation and implementation service;

Filling the database;

The following services (departments or laboratories) should provide the creation of AI using computer technology:

1. Technical service. Functions - LAN installation work, equipment installation, equipment repair and replacement.

2. Operation and implementation service. Functions - work with the Customer of IAS applications to set the task, install IAS applications, prepare tasks for the software development group, train personnel.

3. Software development group.

Information and analytical system (IAS) as part of software support for the organization's information structure

IAS is a part of software support for the information infrastructure of an organization that provides special management tasks.

When developing any software products, there is a problem of the program becoming obsolete at the time of its creation and, as a result, the need to modify it immediately after the development is completed. Therefore, two requirements for currently developed software products and IAS in particular are becoming important. First, the system must be open, and not be a “thing in itself”, changes to which can only be made by the people who developed it. Secondly, the technologies that are used during development should be at least modern, and even better, take into account software development trends. This clause applies both to the mechanisms that are implemented by the developers of the software product, and to those tools that are used during development.

Secondly, software products that either carry the means of modifying programs, or are so simple and universal that they do not require further development, are currently popular. Developing environments with your own data modification tools and languages is somewhat complicated and disadvantageous to use, since it is doubtful that your own language will be so much better than existing ones that it makes sense to learn it and use it as a standard in this enterprise. In addition, the problem of "delay" in development is obviously increased in this case.

Thirdly, when developing an IAS, the modular principle of organizing applications and data should be observed, since in this case additions and changes can be made at a lower cost and the absence of changes in parts that are not affected by the modification of other parts is guaranteed.

In this way:

1. IAS is an open, modular system that uses the client-server architecture with the implementation of business logic rules as COM objects of the transaction server.

2. Refinement of the properties of objects operated by the IAS can be done by the user at the descriptive level. For this, system components using the Wizard technology can be written.

3. Modules that implement new objects and functions of the system should be created mainly at the level of services and server objects.

4. Workplaces of specialists (AWS) should be arranged as containers containing modules (screen forms and report processing procedures) for working with individual IAS objects and, possibly, created at the level of descriptions of what this workstation includes.

5. Ready-made software products that support working with databases should be used. For example, the report generator Crystal Report or MS Excel.

6. There are IAS components that have a similar structure and use the same data processing methods for all enterprises and institutions (“IAS structural invariant”), for example, accounting (workstation of the chief accountant), which, due to the fact that accounting principles are the same for any organizations (principle of double postings and journal-order reporting system). For example, the organizational structure of an institution or the staff of an organization. Another type of tasks (“functional invariant of the IAS”) are the components of the IAS that perform the same functions, but based on different considerations and possibly using different initial data. The task of calculating wages can be attributed to functional invariants. Functional invariants must be implemented as a COM object library. What is important in this case is that the COM interfaces of objects of such a library can be defined once and not changed in the future.

Obviously, to describe the specifics of the enterprise and clarify the content of the invariant components, additional data and functions for their processing will be required. The clarifying components include, for example, the academic degrees of the institute's employees. As a rule, refinement data is related to the main data as many to one. Data connectivity is provided at the level of database objects (connection and trigger). Deletion or transfer to the archive of master data must be carried out together with all clarifying entries. At the same time, work with records of one lookup table is implemented at the level of stored procedures of the SQL server, and the COM object of the transaction server provides a sequential call of stored procedures for each object. Adding, modifying and deleting clarifying components, therefore, cannot lead to a change in the structure of the IAS as a whole, but only to change the content of some reports.

In addition to the above, there are modules that implement particular tasks and interact with system invariants and additional modules. If we consider the accounting of material assets and projects of the organization, then the tasks of processing applications and receiving materials, being an additional service, connects these invariants. Additional modules are modules that provide the functions of statistical and other processing of information stored in one database and the export of already processed information to another database. An example of such a task would be “tuition fees at a university”, which links the payment of each student and the institute's cash desk, as part of the chief accountant's workstation. Another example is the export of data on university graduates to the database of graduates of all educational institutions in Russia. Obviously, additional modules may not contain any data. In this case, their implementation may consist in programming COM objects of the transaction server and adding its call in the client program. If the plug-in requires the storage of some information, the tables can be created in another database.

Since any IAS contains a large amount of various data, and one of the basic principles of relational databases is that there should be no duplication of data in the system, the issue of relationships between components is one of the main ones. Some relationships are attributes of the data structure of individual components. For example, a link to an employee in the vacation table. Others are separate tables that implement many-to-many relationships. For example, a table of assignments to positions, which contains two links: to a person and to a position. Link tables in this case may contain additional data that specifies the characteristics of a specific relationship between instances of two or more objects (in the case of people - positions, such a characteristic can be the size of the rate, i.e. 0.5, 1, 1.25). Such tables are the basis for defining the business logic rules of the IAS. Some links between system data may be temporary and contain only two links. Let's call this type of connection a union. Obviously, the process of creating link tables, establishing links between records and deleting a link can be automated, since the information necessary for this is only the names of the tables that need to be linked, and the fields of these tables, which will be the keys of the link and those that will contain meaningful information (characteristics records). To define a specific relationship, two lists in the client application containing the characteristics of the linked records, and the actual mechanism for establishing and deleting the relationship, are sufficient.

Thus, in the information and analytical system (IAS) of an enterprise or institution, there should be components of varying degrees of uniqueness (meaning the possibility of their use without changes or with minor changes by another organization). Different parts of the IAS have different “weight”. Some must be in any system; others may or may not be; the third, describing temporary connections, arise in the system and disappear from it during its operation. Also, some objects can only be created as part of other objects.

Any software package at the analysis stage should be considered from four points of view:

Objects existing in the system;

Functional dependencies between objects;

Jobs that reflect the structure of the organization and are containers for object processing modules.

Levels of access to data and their modification;

The scheme of tasks and the IAS component reflects 1, partially 2nd and 3 of the above aspects.

At the design stage, the programmers and specialists of the institute must accurately and completely define the main data flows of the system, the rules for linking and processing data, the workstations on which information will be entered and changed. In addition, it is necessary to define user groups and their access rights.

When designing this system, the following requirements were imposed on its architecture:

Using a client-server architecture;

Organization of workstations of specialists and managers as containers containing unified modules of client applications;

Each separate module of the client application must provide work with some object of the institution's management sphere.

Thus, jobs in the process of development and commissioning can be expanded with new components without losing the efficiency of existing ones.

This approach to the system architecture allows further changes and development of the system by independent developers. Thus, the question is not so acute: “Will the system work without the people who created it?”

It should be noted that the structure of the IAS components and tasks does not describe jobs, however, from the foregoing, it follows that if an object is present in the system, its client module can be easily included in any workstation, or a new workstation can be created on its basis (Fig. 1 ).

Picture 1. The structure of tasks and the IAS component

Conclusion

The use of information technology (IT) is one of the most controversial intra-company issues. The management of enterprises often refuses to solve them, because they do not feel competent enough. Decisions are usually left to CIOs or specialized external organizations. The business risks associated with IT are ever-increasing, and it is not clear how long business leaders will underestimate this important strategic resource. True, in recent years, top management has become more attentive to IT. It is from him that decisive initiatives to change the situation in this area should come.

The use of business process automation systems allows us to talk about the following advantages of introducing a new technology for organizing management activities compared to traditional ones:

High efficiency of decision-making is provided;

Information processes are being rationalized and integrated, including the organization of the enterprise's workflow is being improved;

Operational adjustment of the automation system to changes in the order of work that is taking shape at the enterprise is supported;

Duplication of functions is eliminated;

The efficiency of work as a whole increases;

The costs of information support for the functioning of the enterprise are reduced.

The listed advantages of the technology, as well as its successful implementation and use in many enterprises (both abroad and in Russia) make it possible to speak of it as a modern, efficient technology for organizing management processes that has a great future.

Thus, it is possible that for many Russian enterprises the best IT implementation strategy may be one of the following:

Use any developing Russian system, receiving appropriate discounts for upgraded versions and preparing management staff for its increasing functionality. In this case, it remains to be hoped that the line in the approaches underlying the construction of domestic and foreign systems will be erased over time.

Implement a relatively inexpensive Russian accounting system that will achieve full compliance with Russian legislation, and eventually integrate it with an enterprise management system such as ERP. It should be noted that some suppliers of ERP-systems in our market tried to follow this path, preferring its integration with high-quality Russian products to the completion of their own system.

Literature

1. Mishenin A.I. Information theory. - M.: Finance and statistics, 1999

2. Zherebin V.M., Maltsev V.N., Savalov M.S. Economic information systems. - M.: Nauka, 1998

3. Introduction to the information business: Proc. allowance / ed. Tikhomirova V.P. - M.: Finance and statistics, 1996

- Information infrastructure of the organization -

The use of information technology is an indispensable part of any modern enterprise. How effectively information technologies are applied in an organization depends on its success, competitiveness and cost. What is the information infrastructure of the enterprise?

Information infrastructure (IT infrastructure) is a set of information technologies, hardware and software, communications and telecommunications based on business processes in an organization.

The infrastructure consists of the following components:

Computers and servers;

Software for servers and workstations;

Data and data storage facilities;

Office equipment (printers, copiers, fax machines, scanners);

Data transmission networks, telephone networks;

Active and passive network equipment (routers, switches, structured cable networks);

telephone stations.

Joint, connected work of all parts of the IT system, their functional and technical compatibility, as well as optimization in operation and ease of use, are the main requirements for a modern, high-quality IT infrastructure.

Competent selection and organization of work of IT elements provide a real opportunity to greatly increase the efficiency and uninterrupted flow of all business processes as a whole. IT infrastructure is not just another expense item, it is a capital investment in the successful development of a business.

Creating and ensuring the stable functioning of the IT infrastructure is a multifaceted process that needs to be planned from the outset and is best done as a whole. Using an integrated approach when implementing an IT infrastructure in your office will help you save significant money and avoid many problems associated with the functioning of the system in the future.

When designing an IT infrastructure, not only all the current requirements for the functioning of the system are taken into account, but also the possibility of expanding it and increasing the number of tasks it performs.

An integrated approach eliminates errors that can be made at the system design stage, which helps to avoid a decrease in the efficiency of the enterprise in the future.

The creation of AI using computer technology implies a set of activities that includes:

- organizational measures (determination of the structure of documents and routes for their movement, determination of responsibility for the types of activities carried out, determination of the rules for organizing the development of programs and the structure of the database, methods of financing, etc.);

- technical measures (acquisition, installation and technical support of equipment operation, creation of a cable system);

- determination of the system software that will be used in the organization and the creation of a LAN as a software and hardware complex (installation of system software, organization of routing between subnets, network administration and work with network users);

- training of employees of the organization;

- the use of standard software when working with documents, the organization of the postal service, the organization of access to the Internet;

- design and development of software products and creation of an information and analytical system (IAS);

- information security;

- work of the operation and implementation service;

- filling the database;

The following services (departments or laboratories) should provide the creation of AI using computer technology:

1. Technical service. Functions - LAN installation work, equipment installation, equipment repair and replacement.

3. Software development group.

IAS is a part of software support for the information infrastructure of an organization that provides special management tasks.

When developing any software products, there is a problem of program obsolescence at the time of its creation and, as a result, the need to modify it immediately after the development is completed. Therefore, two requirements for currently developed software products and IAS in particular are becoming important. First, the system must be open, and not be a “thing in itself”, changes to which can only be made by the people who developed it. Secondly, the technologies that are used during development should be at least modern, and even better take into account software development trends. This clause applies both to the mechanisms that are implemented by the developers of the software product, and to those tools that are used during development.

In this way:

1. IAS is an open, modular system that uses the client-server architecture with the implementation of business logic rules as COM objects of the transaction server.

2. Refinement of the properties of objects operated by the IAS can be done by the user at the descriptive level.

3. Modules that implement new objects and functions of the system should be created mainly at the level of services and server objects.

5. Ready-made software products that support working with databases should be used. For example, MS Excel report generator.

6. There are IAS components that have a similar structure and use the same data processing methods for all enterprises and institutions (“IAS structural invariant”), for example, accounting (workstation of the chief accountant), which, due to the fact that accounting principles are the same for any organizations (principle of double postings and journal-order reporting system). For example, the organizational structure of an institution or the staff of an organization. Another type of tasks (“functional invariant of the IAS”) are the components of the IAS that perform the same functions, but based on different considerations and using, perhaps, different initial data. The task of calculating wages can be attributed to functional invariants. Functional invariants must be implemented as a COM object library. What is important in this case is that the COM interfaces of objects of such a library can be defined once and not changed in the future.

In addition to the above, there are modules that implement particular tasks and interact with system invariants and additional modules. If we consider the accounting of material assets and projects of the organization, then the tasks of processing applications and receiving materials, being an additional service, connects these invariants. Additional modules are modules that provide the functions of statistical and other processing of information stored in one database and the export of already processed information to another database. An example of such a task would be "tuition fees at a university", which links the payment of each student and the institute's cash desk, as part of the chief accountant's workstation. Another example is the export of data on university graduates to the database of graduates of all educational institutions in Russia. Obviously, additional modules may not contain any data. In this case, their implementation may consist in programming COM objects of the transaction server and adding its call in the client program. If the plug-in requires the storage of some information, the tables can be created in another database.

Since any IAS contains a large amount of various data, and one of the basic principles of relational databases is that there should be no duplication of data in the system, the issue of relationships between components is one of the main ones. Some relationships are attributes of the data structure of individual components. For example, a link to an employee in the vacation table. Others are separate tables that implement many-to-many relationships. For example, a table of assignments to positions, which contains two links: to a person and to a position. Link tables in this case may contain additional data that refines the characteristics of a particular relationship between instances of two or more objects. Such tables are the basis for defining the business logic rules of the IAS. Some links between system data may be temporary and contain only two links. Let's call this type of connection a union. Obviously, the process of creating link tables, establishing links between records and deleting a link can be automated, since the information necessary for this is only the names of the tables that need to be linked, and the fields of these tables, which will be the keys of the link and those that will contain meaningful information (characteristics records). To define a specific relationship, two lists in the client application containing the characteristics of the linked records, and the actual mechanism for establishing and deleting the relationship, are sufficient.

Thus, in the information and analytical system (IAS) of an enterprise or institution, there should be components of varying degrees of uniqueness (meaning the possibility of their use without changes or with minor changes by another organization). Different parts of the IAS have different "weight". Some must be in any system; others may or may not be; the third, describing temporary connections, arise in the system and disappear from it during its operation. Also, some objects can only be created as part of other objects.

What is infrastructure and what infrastructure facilities exist? The concept of information infrastructure and its transformation in modern conditions.

Global Information Infrastructure

Information infrastructure in Russia

Information infrastructure examples

Notes

see also

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Information infrastructure of the enterprise and its components

Introduction

Information infrastructure

Information and analytical system (IAS) as part of software support for the organization's information structure

Conclusion

Literature

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