Now it is difficult to find a person who has never gone online. There are a huge number of sites on the network and each site has a name, but if you ask an ordinary person what a domain is, you may not get an answer. In this article, we will deal with this issue and find out what is the domain and domain name of the site.
For most people, domain and domain name are the same, but they have slightly different meanings. Domain- this is some zone or even the area of a name group that is used on the Internet and is served by a domain name server, i.e. DNS server. Each domain has its own server serving it. For example, our most popular domain zone.ru is served by RosNIIROS (Russian Scientific Research Institute for the Development of Social Networks). Other domains are served by other organizations with their own DNS servers.
Domain name- this is already the name of the site, which consists of a set of letters and numbers and identifies this site on the Internet. A domain name is registered for a specific person or organization, and is provided for use for a paid period of time. After the expiration of the payment term, the same domain name can be registered for another person.
A DNS server serving a specific domain zone is a huge database of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses of sites. Any site on the Internet can be found knowing its IP address, this is how it was before. Each site was located on a specific server, for access to which it was necessary to drive in exactly the IP address of the site. Then the site address looked something like this: 217.18.16.204. This address encrypts the location of the site not only on the Internet, but also the physical location. Each of the four groups of numbers has its own purpose, the maximum number in a group can be 255.
With the increase in the number of sites, it became inconvenient to remember up to 12 digits of the address, and they decided to replace the site's IP address with a name. So in 1984, the first 7 domain zones were created (COM, NET, ORG, INT, EDU, GOV, MIL). Every year the number of domain zones is increasing, in addition, regional domains have begun to be used.
List of public domain zones
com - commercial
edu - educational
net - network (network providers)
aero - (air transportation industry)
gov - goverment (government)
int - International Organizations
coop - (used by organizations providing cooperative services)
museum - (the domain is available for registration only for museums)
mil - military (US military institutions)
name - (created for domains like name.lastname.name)
org - organization (non-profit organizations)
pro - professional (domain for certified professionals: doctors, lawyers, etc.)
mobi - mobile (devices and mobile operators)
info - information services
biz - businesses, firms
tv - television (television companies, organizations providing television services)
arpa - ArpaNet
When a person wants to visit a site and types in his domain name in the address bar of the browser, the browser first turns to the DNS server serving this domain zone or to the nearest DNS server. If this server cannot issue the IP address of the entered domain name of the site, the request is passed through the hierarchy to the superior DNS server, and so on until the required IP address is obtained.
For example, if you enter the website address webmaster.yandex.ru in the address bar of your browser, then a request will first go to the DNS server serving the .ru domain zone. This DNS server can issue the IP address of the yandex.ru domain, but the full entered address is not known to it. The domain name is read from right to left, and domain.ru is considered a first-level domain. The yandex.ru domain is already a second-level domain and it is the DNS server of this domain that is responsible for creating the third-level domain webmaster.yandex.ru, where the request will be redirected.
On modern servers of hosting providers, several sites can be located on one IP address, so knowing one IP address is not enough to access the site. Together with the IP address, the domain name of the site is transmitted, and by the hoster's software the request is already redirected to a specific site.
Previously, the www domain was present in the address of each site, which denoted the belonging of the name to the Internet space (World Wide Web). Now, after the refusal to use some data exchange protocols, the entry of this domain in the name of the site is not required.
Each webmaster chooses the domain name of the site independently and up to 63 characters are allowed in one name. Having created the name of the site, the webmaster can create subdomains with a total nesting of up to 127 levels. But there is some limitation, the length of the site name should not exceed 254 characters. The most important in the administration of domain zones is ICANN.
Try to come up with a domain name for your site, in which domain zone you register it. It's not as easy as it sounds. Here's an example: you are going to make a website dedicated to the animated series "The Simpsons". Only the TV series can be found on it.
Domain name or domain is the name of the site. You enter it in the address bar of your browser when you want to go to the site.
The address bar looks like this:
Browser header Domain Address bar
Domain names were invented to make it easier to find sites on the Internet. Previously, you had to remember the digital address of a website in order to open it in a browser. A numeric address or IP address is a combination of four numbers separated by dots. The IP address points to the server where the site is located, and looks like this: 7.135.10.13.
You can remember a couple of these numbers, but try to keep a couple of dozen IP addresses in your head, and the numbers will start to get confused. Computers do not care, they will remember as many numbers as they want, but for people they came up with text names.
By the same logic, we do not learn phone numbers by heart, but save them to the phone book. And at the right time, all that remains is to find the name on the phone, and the phone itself will understand which number to call.
Everything after "http: //" is a domain. In our example, the domain is the site.
For a computer, this is the same address, but it is easier for a person to remember letters
https://7.135.10.13
https: // site
How a domain differs from hosting
Hosting is the place where your website files are stored. And the domain is the name of the site. To make the site work and make it easier for people to enter it, you need both a domain and hosting.
Imagine that the site is a collection of paintings. Then hosting is the house where the paintings are located, and the domain is the address where this house can be found.
What does a domain name consist of?
Any domain consists of levels. Domain levels are the parts that separate the dots. They are needed to organize the work of domain names.
The registration department is responsible for the first level. It stores information about the second level. The domain registrar is responsible for the second and subsequent levels - this is the company from which you bought the domain. This hierarchy helps the browser to quickly find the required server and open the site.
By default, each domain consists of two levels, but there can be more of them - three, four, five, etc. Levels are usually counted from right to left. Let's take a closer look at them.
www.hostiq.ua
Domain first level
... It is also called the upper level. The first-level domain is the part of the name that is to the right of the last dot. When registering, you cannot come up with your own first-level domain. We'll have to choose from the existing ones.A complete list of first-level domains is kept on the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority website. Here are some of them: .com, .net, .org, .biz, .info, .ua, .ru, .me.
www.hostiq .ua
Second level domain
... This level is also called the main or maternal level. A second-level domain is the part of the name that is to the left of the last dot. Hostiq is a second-level domain in the site name.www .site
Third level domain
... It is also called a subdomain or subdomain. The third-level domain is the part of the name that is to the left of the penultimate dot. Subdomains are used when they want to assign a unique address to different sections on the site.Subdomains will make your site structure clearer. Let's say your site has two versions: Russian and English. Each of them can be assigned its own subdomain: ru.site.com and en.site.com. Then it will be easier for users to go directly to the desired version of the site.
And search engines index each section separately. This means that you will be able to promote different sections of the site in search engines.
Let's say a company launches a blog on its website. In order not to go first to the main page, and then look for the "Blog" section, you can put it on a separate address: blog .site.com. Then the blog can be accessed directly, and the search engine will index the page separately.
Following the same logic, the part to the left of the third level domain will be the fourth level domain or sub-subdomain.
You can create subdomains as long as the domain is owned by you. The most common subdomain is www. It is sometimes mistakenly thought to be a required part of a domain. Although it is not really necessary to enter it. Examples of other subdomains are: account, shop, support.
What are the domains
Domain names are divided into two groups: general and national.
Domains of different groups have different registration requirements. Let's consider the features of each group.
Are common
Popular generic domains are easy to register
Generic domains mean a specific area of activity. For instance:
Com - for commercial enterprises, abbreviated from company;
.org - for non-profit organizations, short for organization;
.edu - for educational enterprises, short for education.
Over time, .com domains became so popular that not only commercial enterprises began to register them. Therefore, this is a conditional division. Nobody will prevent you from registering a .com domain if you are not doing business.
The main feature of the popular generic domains is easy registration. .Com, .net, .org, .biz and .info domains have no registration restrictions. They can be registered by any legal entity or individual. No documents are required for registration.
Registration offices are constantly adding new top-level domains. Now there are over 1000 of them. So don't be discouraged if.com is already taken. Check the domain with a different ending, it may be free.
Most often people choose names in common areas.
From the author: hello dear reader. For the functioning of a modern web resource, you need a lot of things: a database, an engine, a server, etc. But there must also be a domain. What is a site domain? If you still do not fully understand, now I will understand everything.
Domain or domain name is the name by which it is available on the network .. Vk.com is the domain of the most popular social media. networks in runet Vkontakte.
And if you remember, earlier this social network was located at vkontakte.ru. Why did the address change occur? First, the network has long grown from the rank of only Russian, today many users from other countries are registered in it. Secondly, in colloquial speech, everyone called the social network exactly as VK. Lest you think that I have deviated from the topic, all this has a direct bearing on domains.
The name of the site plays a huge role in how people perceive it. Many people even pay freelancers to come up with a cool name for their project. Indeed, a good name already provides some degree of success. This service is known as naming, I even met a freelance exchange that specialized only in providing such services.
What does a domain consist of?
Perhaps the question is a little incorrect, but still. It consists of the actual name of the site and the domain zone. In our example, webformyself is the title and.com is the zone. There are actually a lot of such zones. Almost every country has its own. For instance:
Ru - Russia
Ua - Ukraine
By - Belarus
Kz - Kazakhstan
And so on. In addition, there are those who are even tied to a particular city. By the way, they appeared quite recently. For example, you have an online store only for residents of Kiev. His network address may be as follows: Internet-magazin.kiev.ua
Well this is just an example. Such zones have already appeared in large cities. For example, in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but every year more and more such zones appear.
By the way, the above domain is the so-called third-level domain, and then there are the second and fourth. What is the difference between them? Simply put, how many words are separated by a dot? Second level:
Third level:
Domen.blogger.com
Domains of the third level can specify that the site is directed only to people from a certain country or city, or they can say that the site is on free hosting. In this case, the domain is free. That is, for names like:
Modern trends and approaches in web development
Learn the fast growth algorithm from scratch in site building
You do not need to pay, as they are created on site builders. For the rest of the domains, in most cases, you will have to pay once a year. At the moment, there are about 750 domain zones, but every year their number is growing, as the Internet continues to actively develop.
How much does registration cost on average?
To register a site name, firstly, it must not be taken. If you try to register something like sport.ru or internet.com, then nothing will work for you, because such domain names have been occupied for a long time.
Today it is most likely to find a nice name consisting of 2-3 words. The cost of domain registration depends mainly on the registrar site, as well as on the zone in which the domain is registered.
For example, in the zone.com (international commercial) it will be more expensive than in the zone.ru (global Russian). Now, in connection with the emergence of new domain zones, you have a great chance of finding beautiful names.
As you can see, I checked the address - auto-parts. Moscow and it is still free. In my opinion, this is the ideal site name for an online store of relevant parts in Moscow. And it is still unoccupied, like hundreds of other beautiful names. Are we running to register?)
As you can see, the cost of registration in new zones is a little more expensive. The largest registrars in runet are 2Domains and Reg.ru.
What to do after purchase?
After purchasing, you can do nothing. Just wait for the moment when you have a site of the relevant subject, then add it to this domain. That is, you can reserve the name for yourself in advance so that others do not take it.
In most cases, however, a domain is bought immediately before the start of an Internet project. To associate a domain name with the hosting that will store the site files, during registration or later, you will need to specify the dns addresses of your hosting provider. If anything, ask him.
After that, you will need to create the appropriate domain in the server control panel. A folder will be created for it, in which you need to place the files necessary for the site to work.
Can a second level domain be free?
In most cases, no. But not so long ago, new domain zones appeared for some countries and registration in these zones is free. For example, in the ml zone, which represents the state of Mali, as well as the zones of some other African countries. Some registrars offer such domain names for free.
So we figured out what a website domain name is and what it is for. As you can see, there is nothing complicated. As a person should have a name, so does a web resource, otherwise how to access it?
How do you find a good name?
So that you do not search the network for useful online services for choosing a name, I will share a link with you. Copy it and paste it into the address bar of your browser http://www.mastername.ru/namegen/
There you will see an interesting service from one registrar. Here you can enter 2-3 words and the service will automatically show you all possible combinations, and what is even more convenient, it will immediately show what is busy and what is free. In general, I myself have never chosen a domain name with its help, but I really liked the idea itself.
On this I say goodbye to you. I hope you have received enough knowledge to acquire beautiful domains in the near future and use them in your internet business.
Modern trends and approaches in web development
Learn the fast growth algorithm from scratch in site building
Hello dear readers of the blog site. This blog post has a detailed one. After or while reading this publication, I advise you to familiarize yourself with that article in order to get a complete picture. I also advise you to familiarize yourself with my publications on the topic of what and means.
Today we have a question on our agenda - what is domain or domain name(in fact, these are synonyms). Well, it's actually simple here. This is the name for the site, which is assigned to him instead of the hard-to-remember IP address of the server on which this site is hosted (see). Enter this name in the address bar of your browser and the site opens.
But it is in the details that the difficulties arise. What they are, how it all works, what domain zones are, how to understand which level domain and which of them can be registered, where it can be done and which zone to choose. There are many questions and I will try to answer everything in this "small note".
What is a domain?
As I mentioned above, domain is the name for the site..162.192.0. And besides, imagine the situation. You have placed the site on the hosting server (see above for what it is) and received an IP address. But moving to a different hosting IP will change, which will cause disaster. But in the case of domain names, this will not happen. Why?
The fact is that there are thousands of DNS servers (domain name systems) on the Internet, which will state that the site's domain is available at the IP address 108.162.192.0. If I move to another hosting, I will go to the domain name registrar panel (where I bought it), change something and all DNS servers on the Internet will indicate that the site needs to be searched for at a different IP address. Convenient, right?
Convenient, but probably not yet clear. The main thing to understand is the name for the site is a very important thing and it is for life (as a rule, although you can, if you wish, transfer the site to another domain, but it is not easy). As you name the boat, so it will float. True, not only the name is important, but also the level of the domain, as well as the zone to which it belongs. Again, not clear? Well, let's go in order.
How a domain name works
Let's start with the basics. The domain record (site name) must include all levels of nesting of the domain (all the zones it belongs to) so that it is unique and there is no confusion.
There are two main domain name recording rules:
- The zones that this domain belongs to are listed from right to left.
- Dots are used as separators.
It may look like this, for example:
Net.blog.site
We get the fourth-level domain net, which is part of the third-level domain zone "blog", which is part of the second-level zone "ktonanovenkogo" belonging to the first-level.ru zone. Nonsense, right? (my spouse checking errors in the article will be happy to confirm this).
What domain levels distinguish
- Root domain(level zero) is an empty entry, denoted simply by a period (.). In theory, the full domain name record should always end with a period, but in most cases it is omitted (as if meaning) and instead of the record: site.
They use the already well-established relative notation of domains (without a dot at the end):
- This is followed by the first level - this is usually regional(national) domains (.ru, .su, .ua, .us, .de, .fr, etc.) or thematic(.com, .edu, .org, .net, etc.). But there are also first-level domain names that include national alphabets(for example, .рф).
- Second level- these are the same domains that we are with you buy(we register with special registrars). Prices for them differ not only depending on belonging to a particular first-level domain (for example, buy xxxxxxx.ru cheaper, as a rule, than xxxxxxx.com), but also depending on the registrar (or its reseller - retailer).
- Third, fourth, etc. - they no longer need to be bought (as a rule) and can be created independently (without registering anywhere) on the basis of the purchased second-level domain. For example, I can create such a name for a new site - forum..forum ..
Let's explain all this again. For example:
- ... (dot) - zero (root) level domain
- ru - the first level, also called top-level domain or zone
- site - second level domain name
- blog.site - third level domain
- net.blog.site - fourth level
Top (first) level domains
Except for the zero level (root - root domain), because this is emptiness, then the so-called zones or top level domains(it is with them that the name of any site begins, although it seems that it ends with them - but not the essence). They cannot be bought by an ordinary person, but it is from these zones that we will choose when buying a second-level domain (a name for our website).
So what are they:
- Domains of the first (top) level, assigned to countries, which are usually called by the abbreviation Cctld, which stands for country code top-level domain among helluva lot of smart people. Russia has as many as two of them:
- su - a rudiment left over from the Soviet Union and now representing the resource space in Russian
- ru - originally assigned to Russia
- Domains with national alphabets, which are usually denoted by the abbreviation Idn (internationalized domain name). In Russia, it is a zone. In fact, their names are still written in English characters (re-encoding takes place), but this is, as it were, hidden from view. However, if you enter the address in your browser: http: //ktonnovaenkogo.rf/
and after going to this site, copy its address from the address bar, you will get absolutely indigestible nonsense:
Http: //xn--80aedhwdrbcedeb8b2k.xn--p1ai/ So it turns out that it looks unpleasant. And it is in this form that it will have to be added to different services (such as), and not in the form of a new one.rf. This must be taken into account. Other problems are also possible, although at first they are not obvious.
- Upper common domains, usually with Gtld, which means generic top-level domain, are registered (sold) regardless of the country where the webmaster lives. The most commonly used ones:
- .com - for commercial projects
- .org - for non-profit sites of various organizations
- .net - for projects related to the Internet
- .edu - for educational institutions and projects
- .biz - commercial organizations only
- .info - for all information projects
- .name - for My Sites
- .gov - for US government agencies
How and where you can register (buy) a domain in top-level zones
Domain names of the second level, as a rule, cannot be obtained just like that (and it is better not to try, because the name for the site is too important to risk registering it from someone who is not clear). They cost money. And payment is made per year, and then the domain lease needs to be renewed.
Once again I will draw your attention - buy second level domain names, and all that is above - you can create yourself on their basis. This is usually done in the panel of your hoster in the subdomains section - these are domains of the third and higher level, such as blog..blog.site.
There are not so many such companies (vivid examples are RegRu and WebNames), but they may have a whole network of resellers (partners) who will be engaged in the selection and sale of domains on their behalf. If the current reseller did not satisfy you with something or you are having strains with it, then by contacting the registrar, you can choose another reseller or go directly under the wing of the registrar.
At all no limits You can buy domains in the public zones ..com, .net, .org, .info, .biz, and .name. In the .edu, .gov and.mil zones, such an opportunity is provided only for institutions, as well as educational and military institutions of the states. There are also a number of specialized first-level domains, for example, .travel, .jobs, .aero, .asia.
Second-level domain names in these public zones can be bought from any registrar(not only national), which, in fact, is used by some resources, which may have conflicts with copyright holders. The same torrents were forced to move to the public zone org, because in the national domain zone ru its resource was blocked.
Second Level Domains - Checking for Occupancy and Whois
About half a billion domain names have already been registered on the Internet in various zones, so choosing a good (short, simple, sonorous) name in the required zone is now quite not an easy task(just as hard). A third of the registered names are not used at all, because they were bought for resale (successful domains can be expensive on the secondary market - sometimes many millions of dollars).
Checking a domain name for availability
Therefore, the first thing to do when choosing a suitable domain for a website is. This can be done with different registrars (the result will be the same, because they use a common database).
Below are the currently vacated domains(for a detailed view, click on the price):
Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site
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