Of course, you cannot do without this device in a satellite system. Converter an important part for watching satellite TV. Since it is a parabolic mirror, due to this shape, the signal is focused at one point, specified by the geometric parameters of the antenna.
Figure 1 shows that due to the spherical shape, the signal falling on the mirror of the satellite "dish" is reflected strictly in one direction and is focused at one point. At this point, the converter is attached. It "collects" the signal coming to it. Then the received signal is amplified and converted to a low frequency. The signal is then transmitted to the cable.
Converter(more precisely, this device is called LNB, from "Low Noise Block" a low-noise block) is designed to convert the frequency of the electromagnetic wave "Ku" (10 ... 13 GHz) or "C" band (3.5 ... 4.5 GHz) into a lower intermediate frequency of 0.95 ... 2.5 GHz so that the signal can be transmitted with the least loss through the cable to the satellite receiver (receiver). Due to the lower frequency of the signal and its increased power, an inexpensive b can be used and its length can be increased up to one hundred meters without significant signal loss.
All converters are characterized by a noise figure. The lower the intrinsic noise, the better the quality of the converter. The typical value of this parameter, which is indicated by the manufacturers of converters, is 0.3 - 0.5 dB. At the moment, there are no converters with intrinsic noise less than 0.3 dB in the wide sale. All claims of manufacturers that their converters have a noise figure of 0.1 dB are a marketing ploy.
The variety of converters is very large. We will distinguish three main types that are most often used in our everyday life.
- Converter "C" range.
- Convertor "Ku" band with circular polarization.
- Universal converter “Ku” band (vertical and horizontal polarization).
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| Converter "C" range | Universal converter "Ku" band | Convertor "Ku" band with circular polarization. (outwardly no different from the universal) |
You tell me which converter I need to choose. Let's figure out how to choose the right one converter(LNB). I can safely reassure you that when choosing a converter, you will not have much difficulty and problems. Since the characteristics of most of the converters used in consumer satellite television are very similar.
The first thing you need to decide on is the type of converter (LNB), i.e. in which band it will be used in “Ku” or “C”. The fundamental difference between the types of converters is that they operate in different frequency ranges.
The frequency of the C - band heterodyne is 5150 MHz. In addition, the C - band LNB is larger than the Ku - band LNB. This is primarily due to the different wavelengths.
Universal converters "Ku" band have a two-frequency local oscillator. The use of such a local oscillator is due to the fact that the Ku - range is quite wide, according to this, the Ku - range is divided into two sub-bands: the lower 10700 - 11800 MHz and the upper 11800 - 12750 MHz. Switching between bands is carried out by a signal transmitted through a cable from a satellite receiver (receiver). In modern universal converters, the bands are switched using a 22 kHz signal. And to switch polarization, a 13/18 V signal is used.
In the event that you have chosen a Ku-band converter, you must take into account the type of LNB linear or circular. If you do not go into the details of the technical difference between them, then we can say that by purchasing a universal converter, you can easily make a circular one out of it, but the universal converter is linear from the very beginning. Most all satellites have a predominantly Ku-band channel list with mostly linear polarization. An exception is the NTV + and Tricolor TV packages, which broadcast in circular polarization and require a circular polarization converter.
Features to pay attention to when choosing a converter. This is the noise figure described above and which is an important technical parameter. Noise figure is measured in dB (decibels) and indicates the threshold value of the signal level c, below which the signal will be lost. In accordance with this, it will be reasonable to assume that the lower the noise figure we install the converter, the weaker the signal we will be able to receive.
For C-band converters, a value equivalent to the noise figure is used, it is called the noise temperature. This is an effective value that serves as a measure of the noise power in radio receivers is equal to the temperature of a black body or matched resistance at which the power of its thermal noise is equal to the noise power of the given device. Accordingly, the lower the noise temperature value, the lower the threshold noise value, the better. Typical noise temperature for currently manufactured C-band converters is 15K.
There are also a number of converters that differ from the usual ones - these are converters with several independent outputs.
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In fact, everything is simple here. If you decide to add a couple more TVs for independent viewing, then you need to focus on a certain number of outputs from the converter. Independent outputs enable us to view satellite channels of different polarizations, regardless of the number of receivers connected to the converter. Suppose you have a receiver with a TV in each room, and there are four of them, then a converter must be purchased for four outputs, i.e. Quadro.
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To begin with, we will select this converter for the signal that comes from the selected satellite. Or rather, from his selected transponders.
For clarity, let's take another look at the table of transponders of the satellite Express AM 22 53.0 ° E, and select the converter necessary for signal reception.
To determine the type of converter, we need two parameters from this table. This is the frequency, and the type of polarization. I marked the required columns in green.
As you can see from our table, the transponder frequencies are in the range of 10974 ... 11481 MHz (megahertz). We look at the table below for the "C and Ku" bands and determine which of these bands the frequency of the selected channels belongs to.
The selected frequency spectrum 10974 ... 11481 MHz belongs to the Ku band standard, from this we determine that the converter we choose should support this particular frequency range.
Quite often, at least at the time of this writing (since in the C-band, the signal comes mainly from old satellites, and it is used less and less), both of these frequency ranges can be present in the transponder tables of one satellite. That is, both the C-band and the Ku-band.
In this case, you will have to choose which transponders are more suitable for you. So, accordingly, the converter will be, or "Ku" band, or "C". If you want to receive a signal from all transponders, then in this case, you need to purchase a two - band converter. This means that satellite antenna should be from 1.5 ... meters in diameter (since, for the C-band, a larger antenna is needed). Typically, two-band satellite converters are much more expensive.
Now for polarization. According to the table, we see that on the Express AM 22 53.0 ° E satellite, there are two types of polarization. These are Linear Vertical (V - Vertical), and Linear Horizontal (H - Horisontal).
Both of these polarizations are combined in one type of converter - a universal linear converter. With the help of it, we will be able to receive a signal from almost all transponders from this table.
If you come across circular polarized transponders (Circular), then you need to use a circular converter. Or else to call it a circular universal converter (since it uses two types of polarization), which supports circular right (R - Right) and circular left (L - Leftl) polarization.
In the event that you want to receive a signal with both linear and circular polarization, you also need a converter that supports both of these polarizations. As a rule, such a converter has two pairs of independent outputs, from which the signals received in linear and circular polarizations are taken separately. To connect such a converter, with two outputs, to one input of a satellite receiver, you will need to use a special DiSEqC switch, which will connect your receiver, then to one output of the converter, then to the other ().
DiSEqC switch - Serves for remote switching between different receiving devices. For example, between two, three ... (etc.) satellite dishes, converters, as well as a converter with two or more outputs.
At first, when I still had little experience, I purchased a converter not with linear polarization, but with a circular one, that is, a circular universal converter (Circular Single LNB). With such a converter, there could be no question of receiving a signal with linear polarization. At the time when I installed satellite dish, there were almost no such transponders at all (I mean open Russian-speaking ones, with circular polarization), well, perhaps "NTV +", but now, at the moment (that is, at the time of this writing), it was already in full swing quite popular, the Russian project "Tricolor TV", broadcasting several software packages from one transponder (one free, and paid START and NIGHT), in this case this particular Ku-band converter with circular polarization would be suitable. In any case, at that time, I needed a universal linear. In addition, my receiver did not support those encodings in which channels with circular polarization went.
Subsequently, I had to buy a universal converter, namely with linear polarization, capable of receiving the transponders I needed at that time.
As I mentioned, by setting satellite dish, I not only wanted to watch the satellite TV channels themselves through the receiver, but also, having installed a DVB-card in my computer, have access to satellite Internet, thereby making the most efficient use of the opportunities now presented.
Therefore, when using satellite dish, I had a need to exit the converter, not one signal, but two. To do this, I had to purchase a special converter with two independent outputs, designed to receive signals with linear (V, H) polarization. It represents, two identical converters, in one housing, which have one feed (Photo 7).
Photo 7 Satellite converter with two independent outputs.
In principle, it was possible to go in another simpler way, leaving on antenna converter with one output. For such cases, there is a special splitter, the so-called Splitter (Photo 8). But this method has its pros and cons. And here are the ones.
Photo 8 Splitter - signal splitter.
The advantage of such a splitter will be: first, the relatively low price of such an upgrade (at the time of this writing), about 80 - 150 rubles, second, there is no need to change the converter, risking knocking down the setting satellite dish, and third, simple manipulations in the installation.
Now for the disadvantages. To deal with this, you need to know a little about the principle of operation of the converter itself, or rather, the schematics of its power supply directly in this case.
Converter power supply
Imagine an electronic device such as a pocket receiver. Without what it will not work, even if the entire electronic circuit is intact? The answer here suggests itself. Of course, if we don't put batteries in it. That is, we will not provide him with a normal power supply. The converter is also no exception, like any electronic device, it also needs power supply. And now imagine that in the receiver, you want to switch from one radio station to another, what in this case will you do ... of course, turn the tuning knob or there, using the toggle switch, we will switch to another range. But what about the converter? After all, you will not climb onto a satellite dish, no matter what you twist or switch.
So the developers have come up with an idea to control the converter remotely, via the same cable through which the satellite signal goes. So, in order to control the switching of the type of polarization, a power supply of different voltage is supplied to the converter, as if, using the example of a pocket receiver (imagine if it does not have a tuning knob or a range switch), when switching from one radio station to another, we will change the number of batteries in the battery compartment. Let's say one radio station will be broadcast if the receiver has four batteries, and the other if there are six of them.
In a linearly polarized converter, if vertical (V) polarization is used, then power is supplied to it equal to 13 ... 14 volts, and if horizontal (H), then 18 ... 19 volts. Here I think the principle is clear to you.
Now, about the main disadvantage of using one converter for two receiving devices through a splitter, so to speak, what is its essence.
The point is that a satellite converter can be powered by only one voltage at a time. That is, either 14 volts or 18 volts. And this means that the polarization can only be, or vertical (V), or horizontal (H). And this is what we get. If, on a satellite receiver, you will watch a TV channel broadcasting in vertical polarization, then on a computer with a DVB card (well, or on a second receiver), you can simultaneously use vertical polarization, although the TV channel may be different.
Such a disadvantage becomes very significant if one satellite antenna, with a converter (which has one output), through a splitter, used for two apartments. One neighbor wants to watch football, another, whatever the movie, but the polarizations of these channels are different (and the quarrel is not far away).
The advantage of a converter with two independent outputs will be that it does not matter to which output what polarization will be (in this case, linear "V" and "H" are meant). The disadvantages include a rather greater weight than a converter with one output, and, of course, a high price. At that time, it cost me 980 rubles (while for a converter with one output, I then spent 270 rubles).
So, if you have two satellite receivers, then in this case it is better to use just such a dual converter.
Well, it remains to attach our converter to its holder, and of course to the "L-shaped bracket" of the suspension structure itself satellite dish... Below you can see, given by me, a variant of assembling the fastening of the satellite converter by clicking the left mouse button on the image (Photo 9).
Photo 9 Converter on the holder satellite dish.
Parameters of satellite converters
(marking of satellite converters)The photographs below (Photo 1 and Photo 2) show two satellite converters, with circular and linear polarization, Ku-band. As you may have noticed, they are no different in appearance, except for the inscriptions on their markings. These converters are designed to be installed specifically on an offset satellite dish... In view of the fact that offset and straight-focus antennas have a significant difference in the method of mounting the converter feeds, the converters themselves are divided into those used for offset, and used for direct-focus satellite dishes.
Converters for installations to offset satellite dish
Now, let's determine by what criteria the type of satellite converter is determined. In "Photo 3", the location of the markings for this model is shown.
Photo 3 Place of marking of the satellite converter (for this model).
For greater clarity, let's enlarge the image of the converter marking (Photos 4 and 5).
Judging by the logo, the converter was made by a fairly popular at that time, the manufacturer of satellite equipment, "Golden Interstar".
There are four main criteria that I try to pay attention to when choosing a satellite converter:
The first two determine the parameters of the signal that will be received from the selected satellite. The third and fourth, determine the quality indicators of the satellite converter.
- Polarization type - Circular (right and left), and Linear (vertical and horizontal).
- The frequency range is C or Ku.
- Noise figure - the larger this factor, the lower the quality of the received signal will be.
- Gain - the greater this factor, the more the received signal will be amplified (it should be borne in mind that both the signal itself and the noise are amplified).
Below in the image of the markings of the converters (Photo 6 and Photo 7), I emphasized some values with different colors.
1. CIRCULAR - circular polarization. UNIVERSAL - linear universal polarization.
2. N.F. - 0.2 dB - noise figure (measured in decibels). The lower the noise figure, the better the signal will be. There are converters with a high noise figure, for example 0.3 dB (or completely outdated 0.6 dB), they are usually cheaper, but ... I would not skimp on this parameter (tested by practice).
Note: The noise of C-band satellite converters is not measured in decibels, as in Ku-band converters, but in degrees Kelvin (for example, a noise figure of 10K).
3. 11.7-12.50 GHz is the frequency range to which this satellite converter belongs. In this case, it will be Ku-band (Ku-band).
Note: The manufacturer decided not to indicate such a parameter as "gain" on the converter label.
As you can see, not all parameters are indicated on the converter marking on its body. Therefore, when purchasing it, look not only at the tag, but also at the markings indicated on the packaging box (Photos 8 and 9), well, or the passport. For more detailed information, using the example of a satellite converter with two independent outputs, made by "Golden Interstar", left-click on the image.
(marking of satellite converters)
1. Marking of the satellite converter "Golden Interstar" of linear polarization with two outputs.
2. Marking of the satellite converter "Golden Interstar" with circular polarization.
We will need the rest of the parameters when setting up a satellite receiver (receiver), where I will continue to discuss the converters in more detail.
Now, set to satellite dish the converter you have chosen, and it's time to stop at choosing a satellite receiver (receiver), that is, which model you want to use specifically for your requirements.
Today we will look at:
A satellite converter is a special device required to reduce the frequency of electromagnetic waves that are transmitted by satellite broadcast in two bands: the Ku band (107 - 1275 GHz) and the C band (35 - 42 GHz). A converter for a satellite dish, in turn, lowers the spectrum of these frequencies to 900 - 2100 MHz, which is enough to not be scattered in the cable. Today in this article we will talk about what you need to pay attention to when you choose a converter for satellite TV, as well as how to choose the right one and how to check this device for its further correct operation.
Converter selection
Choosing a device for converting signals into low-frequency ones is one of the most important things when mounting a satellite dish. There are many factors to consider here, many of which are not entirely obvious and, perhaps, incomprehensible. However, in order to make the choice of a converter for a satellite dish more correct, we have prepared several sections for you, in each of which one or another aspect that should be paid attention to was considered.
Range support
When choosing a device, you should always pay attention to several factors, the main of which is the frequency range used. As we said earlier, there are two types of bands that can be used in broadcast transmission - the Ku and C bands.
European-made satellites usually transmit Ku-waves. Russian satellites, in turn, can broadcast both in the Ku-band and in the C-band. Based on this, you should decide before buying what type of satellite converter you want to buy. As observations show, there are plenty of devices capable of working with the Ku-band on the market, and they are the most popular, although there are devices of a mixed type. If you need an example of this, go to any online store and see for yourself.
Signal polarization
If we take converters working with the Ku band, then here you also need to take into account the type of LNB (it can be linear and circular). LNB is a special device that is mounted in front of a satellite dish and amplifies incoming signals. If you do not go into the details of the differences between linear and circular amplifiers, then we will immediately tell you that by purchasing a universal converter for a satellite dish, you will receive a linear LNB, which can be made circular at any time.
For the curious, let's say that a satellite circular converter differs from a linear one in that they work with different polarizations, of which there are two types:
- circular;
- linear.
Different operators use different polarizations, therefore, which converter to choose (satellite circular or linear) is up to you, adjusting to the operator. However, as we said earlier, universal converters can easily solve this problem. Also, such devices are perfect for those who are connected to several operators at the same time, which use different polarization.
Noise figure and noise temperature
If you have your eye on a Ku-wave satellite converter, then you need to pay attention to the noise figure, which displays the minimum value of the satellite signal reception level. Accordingly, the higher the value, the better.
For converters that work with C-waves, such an indicator as the noise temperature is taken into account. Here, the opposite is true: the lower the value of the noise temperature, the better the ability of the converter for satellite TV to receive incoming signals will be. The optimum for today is considered to be a noise temperature of 15 K.
In addition to the above, you should pay attention to the number of outputs of the converter, because you can easily purchase a satellite converter for 2 outputs in the case when you need more outputs. There are devices with 1, 2, 4 and 8 independent outputs. In principle, you can always buy a device with eight outputs, however, you may not use all of them, which will only result in a waste of money. The main principle for choosing the number of outputs is that their number should be equal to the number of televisions in the house.
Setting up the device
Adjusting the converter always begins with the correct installation of the plate itself. It's easy to figure out how to do this. It's another matter to do all this in practice:
When you have achieved an acceptable antenna tilt angle, you can proceed to adjusting the converter itself for satellite TV in order to strengthen the incoming signal:
- if you turn the satellite converter in one direction or another, you can strengthen the incoming signal;
- it is not recommended to move the device to the mirror, since by changing the angle, the settings will have to be performed first.
When you get the highest quality satellite signal, fix the dish and the satellite dish converter firmly and start checking the quality of the TV broadcast. The next step is software configuration, which will be discussed below.
How to check a satellite converter
The correct installation of the satellite TV converter can be checked by trying to find a channel:
Using the instructions described in the article, you can configure the converter for both NTV and MTS with your own hands. However, do not forget that, although in words everything may look very simple, in reality it can be much more complicated. And to make it easier for you in your endeavors, we are ready to answer all your questions on this topic in the comments below.
If you are not confident in your actions and think that you can harm by your actions somehow the final state of the entire structure, then we strongly recommend that you still seek help from specialists who will help you solve this problem.
Linear and circular converters have the same structure. In the depth of the waveguide, there are small, 2-3 mm antennas, horizontal and vertical. The circular converter differs only in that at the beginning of the waveguide, in front of these antennas, there is a plastic plate that "straightens" the swirling wave. Therefore, if you have a universal converter, and you want to receive Eutelsat W4 / W7 36E (which transmits a signal in circular polarization), then you need to do the following:
you need to remove the protective cap on the converter and if it is cold season, then it is better to remove the converter, bring it into the room and wait for it to warm up and become elastic. Otherwise, when you open the cap, it may crack in the cold. But even if this happens, do not worry, then you can pull a plastic transparent bag over it and seal it with tape. To facilitate the removal process, you can "steam" the lid in boiling water. There is a rubber ring inside the cover that serves to seal the waveguide. Don't waste it!
To facilitate the process, it makes sense to remove the protective casing from the LNB. The protective casing consists of two plastic halves, connected with latches.
Any metal ruler will work well for pressing the latches. It is not recommended to press hard - you can break off the latches.
The next step is to cut out the depolarizing plate. The shape of the dielectric does not matter, the main thing is that it is flat and at an angle of 45. Cut it out of plastic with a thickness of about 2-3 mm. plate "rectangle" 40 mm long (if reception is only in circular polarization).
You can cut 2 plates from a bank-type card with a width along the diameter of the waveguide and a length of 40 mm and insert them together (to make it thicker). Or 0.5-2cm (if you want to make universal and circular at the same time). The width of the plate is equal to the inner diameter of the converter waveguide.
Next, we install the plate at an angle of 45 degrees (from 8 o'clock to 14 o'clock) to the pins almost to the end into the waveguide (just so that the pins in the waveguide do not bend! Insert about 5-10mm before the pins).
If the converter is already installed or is directed with the connector for connecting the cable down, then the plate will look like this (Front view. The cable goes down to the dysik / receiver. RED shows how the plate should be CORRECT):
But this is NOT WORTH DOING: 
but if you did so, then when searching, instead of R, set H, instead of L, set V.
If you redid the UNIVERSAL (dual-band converter), then you DO NOT NEED to change the local oscillator frequency to 10750. Just set UNIVERSAL and that's it.
If it didn't work, check the following:
- plate 40 mm long
- Plastic material from a SIM card or similar (but other material such as thin plexiglass, student transparent ruler, opaque ruler, etc.)
- Drown it almost to the very bottom (not reaching the pins inside about 4-10mm)
- Try two 40mm long plates stacked together
- You can, if you want to try a plate of different lengths (30-50mm) and from different materials. Insert it at different depths. Be guided by the maximum signal.
- If the signal drops when closing the converter cover, the plate can be shortened or made thinner
- The tuner DOES NOT need to change the local oscillator frequency from 10600 to 10750
- In the tuner, select the type of converter UNIVERSAL (usually by default)
- We carefully look at the pictures and photos above.
- Recommend setting 36e to 12265 H (L) 27500 3/4
- By turning the converter a few degrees, you can achieve an additional increase in the signal level. The angle and direction depends on the receiving location. Do not overdo it with the turn (Do not forget to check the level on different transponders and on L and R)
Having decided to connect to satellite television, you get many advantages over terrestrial television: higher image quality, a huge selection of TV channels, the ability to use a reception system for fast file uploads via the Internet.
However, in the process of mastering you will have to face new terms and phenomena, one of which is “ satellite converter". This word sounds like a real guest from the sixties, the era of cosmic romance, but now it is an everyday reality.
Installing a "dish" of a satellite dish is not enough to enjoy high-quality satellite TV. On the way to the blue screen, the signal received by the antenna must be converted into a format understandable to the TV, for this a special converter is used. In appearance, it is usually a small box with connectors that connects on the path between the antenna and the television receiver.
What is the essence of the converter?
If we speak in everyday language, then without it the TV will not be able to perceive the signal received directly by the antenna.
From the point of view of physics, it looks like this: the first function of the converter is to convert the high-frequency waves received by the antenna into waves with a reduced frequency. This is necessary to avoid attenuation of waves as they propagate along the wire. The frequencies at which satellite TV broadcasts are extremely high: these are the range from 10.7 to 12.75 GHz (the so-called Ku-band) and 3.5-4.2 GHz (C-band). For comparison, second generation cellular communication operates at frequencies several times lower.
Such frequencies spread well through the air, but will be quickly damped in the cable. Satellite converter converts the signal to lower frequencies, while preserving the information transmitted to them. To stabilize frequencies in the 900-2150 MHz range (these frequencies are also called the L-band), one or two local oscillators are used - sources of high-frequency oscillations that dampen the high-frequency component of the original signal.
The signal processed in this way reaches the coaxial cable without any problems.
The second function of the converter is to amplify the signal. The initial signal received by the antenna from the satellite is rather weak, so a module called LNA (Low-Noise Amplifier) is used in the converters. The amplified signal becomes quite suitable for transmission over a cable and translation into an image.
Important parameters of the converter
When buying a converter, make sure that it fits all the parameters you need.
Range support. It is accepted to divide the Ku-band into Ku-FSS (10.7-11.7 GHz), Ku-DBS (11.7-12.5 GHz) and Ku-BSS (12.5-12.75 GHz). A modern universal converter must cover this entire range with all its sub-bands; such converters are equipped with two local oscillators (9750 MHz and 10600 MHz). The receiver controls their activity depending on the range of the received channel. All this information can be read in the documents on satellite converter.
Number of outputs. Typically, for a home with one TV, a single output converter is sufficient. If you have several TVs in your house, then you should pay attention to the converter with two outputs. A converter with four or more outputs is good for institutions in which several TVs are distributed in different rooms - cafes, bars.
Polarization. It can be linear or circular. When installing a set for receiving satellite television, be sure to specify what kind of polarization are used for broadcasting the channels that you want to see. The term "universal" refers to the range, but not the type of polarization, "circular" satellite dish converter will not work with linear polarized satellites and vice versa.
An important parameter is noise figure. The lower it is, the less distortion it will introduce into the signal, the more correctly the information will be transmitted. The practical meaning of this parameter is that with a high-quality signal, you can get by with a "plate" of a smaller diameter. This means not only savings in money, but also greater ease of installation.
Converter design. If the converter housing is sealed and durable, then it can be installed outdoors, connecting directly to the antenna without additional protection. The converter is exposed to such threats as mechanical damage, high humidity, the formation of condensation inside due to temperature extremes - all this threatens the converter's performance. A good design option is a double casing consisting of a metal inner and an outer plastic one. Condensing between the shells, moisture drains through special holes without damaging the circuit.
There are also dedicated converters for sharing on the same antenna. Such converters are distinguished by a long flange and a shape that allows placing several converters side by side, there are also initially paired versions. This is necessary in order to receive the same signal from two or more satellites in parallel. This approach improves picture quality and is well suited for high definition television viewing.
How the converter is connected
The converter is installed in the focus of the antenna receiving the signal. The design of satellite dishes provides a special place for installing the converter directly on it. Such placement is inevitable: as we said, the signal received by the antenna will be extinguished during direct transmission over the wire. It must be processed before being output through the wire.
This means that the converter will be in the open air, and from it the signal will be transmitted via a wire to the satellite receiver located in the room.
To strengthen several converters on one antenna, special attachment and connection modules are used - multifeeds. Having fastened the converter to the multifeed, put it on the “knee” of the antenna.
Having connected all the necessary converters to the antenna, connect them with wires to the inputs of the satellite receiver. After turning it on, you can start setting up the broadcast.
Outcome
Of course, information about each type of converter should be found on the websites of manufacturers, forums of enthusiasts, or from sales consultants.
However, do not forget the main rule: all components of the system must be selected based on which channels you need. You cannot change the parameters of a broadcasting satellite, but you can choose equipment suitable for its broadcasting.
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