Surely, every motorist has a charger for the battery. And not every device has a built-in good stabilizer with an output filter, which manifests itself in a voltage drop at high currents. I suggest you assemble a simple circuit, consisting of a capacitor bank, the stabilizer itself on the ROLL and 2 transistors. Such a converter will give you up to 6 amperes of current at the output. In general, this circuit can be used for the power supply as a filter and voltage regulator. The voltage stabilizer will protect against voltage drops under large temporary loads and will try to maintain a certain value, and the filter will remove unnecessary ripples, which will improve the performance of the power supply. In short, see for yourself how to use this circuit, because you can also put it in the power supply to improve performance and in the charger. Below you see a diagram of such a device as a prefix - a stabilizer for a car memory:
Let's start looking at the scheme in order. At the very beginning, we see four capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, which perform a large function in filtering ripples, and to a lesser extent in stabilizing the current. In fact, if you put a capacitor of a very large capacity, then you don’t need to assemble the stabilizer at all - we will have a ready-made stabilizer anyway. The large capacity of capacitors can be compared with a conventional battery, because the battery already has a stabilized power supply. And the electrolyte is filled in the capacitors, the electrolyte is charged, which means they are like batteries. That is, for example, we connected a low-frequency amplifier and on the bass (when the current reaches its peak value), the bass sags, becomes hoarse and not clear, and if we connect a capacitor bank, then when the current increases on the bass, the capacitor will simply give up part of the energy and bass will be clear.
In general, choose for yourself what kind of stabilizer to make. You can calculate the energy of a capacitor for the desired current using formulas that you can search on the Internet. Such a stabilizer + filter will turn out to be about 100-150 thousand microfarads and it is expensive. According to this scheme, the sum of four smoothing capacitors should be 20 thousand microfarads. Further along the diagram, we see a voltage stabilizer assembled on Krenka. The stabilized current will depend on the KRENK brand, and the brand can be selected from the table. Transistors form a powerful emitter follower, as a result of which this circuit is able to stabilize the voltage up to 5-6 Amperes.
If you want to make the circuit more powerful, then you can add 2 more transistors, then such a stabilizer will be able to stabilize the current up to 10-11 Amperes. That is, we connect two more transistors with bases in parallel to the ROLL of the second leg, two collectors to the plus of the input voltage and emitters to the output. Next, a capacitor is placed as a filter of a larger capacity (6000 microfarads) and then two low-capacity ceramic capacitors by 0.1 that will suppress high-frequency interference. Transistors must be installed on a heat sink - a radiator. When charging the battery, constantly monitor how the radiator heats up. If it gets very hot, you can install a cooler on a radiator that will cool it. All transistors are installed on the heat sink! The heat sink is usually aluminum. For better thermal conductivity, we buy a heat-conducting paste, smear a thin layer of a radiator and a transistor, wait 5 minutes and press it tightly, tightening it with a nut.
The stabilizer is connected to the charger rectifier. The output of the stabilizer is connected to a rechargeable battery. It is recommended to put a 5-6 Amp fuse at the output to protect the circuit from short circuit. Also, if you want to install a voltage supply signaling device, i.e. when you turn it on, see that the device is working, then install an LED in parallel through a resistor. When devices are connected to the network, the LED will light up. By changing the resistance of the resistor, make the optimal brightness of the LED. Everything, the circuit is ready and ready to use.
Power source - from cell phone charger
I. NECHAYEV, Kursk
Small-sized portable equipment (radios, cassette and disk players) are usually powered by two to four galvanic cells. However, they do not last long, and they have to be replaced quite often with new ones, so at home it is advisable to power such equipment from a network unit. Such a source (colloquially called an adapter) is not difficult to purchase or make yourself, since a lot of them are described in amateur radio literature. But you can do it differently. Almost three out of every four inhabitants of our country today have a cell phone (according to the research company AC&M-Consulting, at the end of October 2005, the number of cellular subscribers in the Russian Federation exceeded 115 million). His charger is used for its intended purpose (to charge the battery of the phone) for only a few hours a week, and the rest of the time is idle. How to adapt it to power small-sized equipment is described in the article.
In order not to spend money on galvanic cells, the owners of portable radios, players, etc. equipment use batteries, and in stationary conditions they power these devices from the AC mains. If there is no ready-made power supply with the desired output voltage, it is not necessary to buy or assemble such a power supply yourself, you can use a cell phone charger for this purpose, which many people have today.
However, you cannot directly connect it to a radio or player. The fact is that most chargers included in a cell phone kit are an unstabilized rectifier, the output voltage of which (4.5 ... 7 V at a load current of 0.1 ... O, ZA) exceeds that required to power a small-sized device. The problem is solved simply. To use the charger as a power supply, it is necessary to connect a voltage stabilizer adapter between it and the device.
As the name itself says, the basis of such a device should be a voltage stabilizer. It is most convenient to assemble it on a specialized microcircuit. A large range and availability of integral stabilizers allow us to manufacture a wide variety of adapter options.
Schematic diagram of the adapter-voltage stabilizer is shown in fig. 1. Chip DA1 is chosen 
depending on the required output voltage and the current drawn by the load. The capacitance of capacitors C1 and C2 can be in the range of 0.1 ... 10 microfarads (nominal voltage - 10 V).
If the load consumes up to 400 mA and the charger is capable of delivering such a current, as DA1, you can use the KR142EN5A microcircuits (output voltage - 5 V), KR1158ENZV, KR1158ENZG (3.3 V), KR1158EN5V, KR1158EN5G (5 V), as well as five-volt imported 7805, 78M05. Chips of the LD1117xxx, REG 1117-xx series are also suitable. Their output current is up to 800 mA, the output voltage is from a range of 2.85; 3.3 and 5 V (for LD1117xxx - also 1.2; 1.8 and 2.5 V). The seventh element (letter) in the designation LD1117xxx indicates the type of housing (S - SOT-223, D - S0-8, V - TO-220), and the two-digit number following it indicates the nominal value of the output voltage in tenths of a volt (12 - 1.2 V, 18 - 1.8 V, etc.). The number attached through a hyphen in the designation of the REG1117-xx microcircuits also indicates the stabilization voltage. The pinout of these microcircuits in the SOT-223 package is shown in fig. 2a.
It is also possible to use stabilizer microcircuits with adjustable output voltage, for example, KR142EN12A, LM317T. In this case, you can get any value of the output voltage from 1.2 to 5...6 V.
When powering equipment that consumes a small current (30 ... 100 mA), for example, small-sized VHF FM radio receivers, you can use the KR1157EN5A, KR1157EN5B, KR1157EN501A, KR1157EN501B, KR1157EN502A, KR1157EN502B, KR1158EN5AEN5 B, KR1158EN5A, ), KR1158ENZA, KR1158ENZB (3.3 V). Drawing of a possible variant of the printed circuit board of the adapter using
using chips of the latest series is shown in fig. 3. Capacitors C1 and C2 - small-sized oxide of any type with a capacity of 10 microfarads.
You can significantly reduce the dimensions of the adapter by using miniature microcircuits of the LM3480-xx series (the last two digits indicate the output voltage). They are produced in the SOT-23 package (see Fig. 2.6). The PCB drawing for this case is shown in Fig. 4. Capacitors C1 and C2 - small-sized ceramic K10-17 or similar imported ones with a capacity of at least 0.1 μF. The appearance of adapters mounted on boards made in accordance with fig. 3 and 4 is shown in fig. five. 
It should be noted that the foil on the board can act as a heat sink. Therefore, the area of the conductor under the output of the microcircuit (common or output), through which heat is removed, it is desirable to make it as large as possible.
The assembled device is placed in a plastic box of suitable dimensions or in the battery compartment of the powered device. To dock with the charger, the adapter must be provided with an appropriate socket (similar to that installed in a cell phone). It can be placed on a printed circuit board with a stabilizer or mounted on one of the walls of the box.
The adapter does not require adjustment, it is only necessary to check it in operation with the connecting wires that will be used to connect to the charger and powered device. Self-excitation is eliminated by increasing the capacitance of capacitors C1 and C2.
LITERATURE
1. Biryukov S. Microcircuit voltage stabilizers of wide application. - Radio, 1999, No. 2, p. 69-71.
2. LD1117 Series. Low Drop Fixed and Adjustable Positive Voltage Regulators. -
3. REG1117, REG1117A. 800mA and 1A Low Dropout (LDO) Positive Regulator 1.8V, 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.3V, 5V and Adjustable. -
4.LM3480. 100 mA, SOT-23, Quasi Low-Dropout Linear Voltage Regulator. -
The technological process does not stand still, and modern phone manufacturers are releasing more and more sophisticated models with many new features. Active improvement of software and hardware functionality leads to the fact that the battery life of the device is reduced. Large RAM, powerful processes, multi-inch touch screens and strong cameras all contribute to the fact that the batteries run out quickly enough. That is why it is important to have a reliable memory. Great if the original charger is preserved, but what if it is lost or broken? Then buying a new one raises the question of not only the safety of the phone, but also your own comfort.
Everyone faced with the discharge of a smartphone at the most inopportune moment. This is especially scary when there is a catastrophic lack of time to recharge. At such moments, the first charger that comes to hand is grabbed, connected and the countdown begins. Sometimes the process is fast, and often treacherously long. The result is sad - after a while there is no connection again. Today we will figure out how memory differs and how to make the right choice.
Charger type
Before buying, many are wondering which memory is better to choose: original, analog or universal? Many people buy the original, which means they don’t worry about the compatibility of the device with gadgets, the speed and features of charging, as well as various risks (cheap chargers that are sold in tents in the markets may well lead to strong battery heating). But it is not always possible to buy an original device, then a high-quality analogue will be the best option. It indicates a list of compatible device models, as well as technical specifications that are identical to those of the original.
Power connector
Memory devices can have different connectors:
USB. Such devices are universal and suitable for most modern gadgets that support the USB standard.
USB x2 . This is the best option when there are problems accessing a power outlet. Using this charger, you can simultaneously charge your tablet and smartphone. The only negative is the low speed of the battery charge.
Micro USB and Mini USB. They are suitable for most smartphones, including Windows Phone, Android, and Android tablets. Micro USB has been introduced in the EU as a single standard since 2011.
Lightning 8-pin MFI . It is suitable for recharging fifth generation devices from Apple: iPod Touch and iPhone 5.
Lightning 8-pin . It is compatible with most Apple iPad, iPhone and iPod models.
DC jack 3.5mm It is suitable for charging Nokia 1100, 3300, 5100, 6310, 6670, 6822, 7200, 7210, 7250, 7710, 8800, 9210, 9300, 9500, E60 and E70 mobile devices.
USB/Lightning . These chargers are suitable for Apple iPhone 5 and 6.
fastport. It is compatible with Sony Ericsson K750 and W800 phones.
18-pin This connector is designed to charge LG phones.
jack 3.5 mm , DC jack 2.5 mm and DC jack 2.0 mm . It is suitable for charging various mobile equipment: phones, headsets, tablets, players. Using adapters, you can also connect Apple equipment.
M20pin. This connector is suitable for recharging Samsung C170, D800, E250, E900 and U600.
30pin. It is suitable for powering Samsung branded appliances.
Output current
A charger with a maximum output current is suitable for servicing any gadgets. At the same time, the current consumption rarely exceeds 2100 mA. Such chargers are the most versatile solution. In order not to miscalculate with the purchase, pay attention to the parameters of the original memory to the device. To do this, just look at its body and the numbers next to "exit" or "output". If there is no original memory, then perhaps this data is mentioned in the instructions from the tablet or smartphone.
The maximum charge current is determined by the controller of the device being charged, so do not be afraid to connect a charger with more current than the gadget requires. He will simply take as much as needed - nothing will burn or break.
But on the contrary, if the charger produces less amperes than the gadget being charged requires, then charging will be much slower.
If you do not know, and there is no way to find out what current your gadget consumes, then when choosing universal chargers, buy a charger with the highest possible output current.
There is a little trick - in order to speed up the charging of the smartphone, it is recommended to put it into “airplane mode” / “flight mode” / offline mode. At the same time, all unnecessary modules and applications are disabled, and the phone will charge approximately 15% faster.
Number of standard USB connectors
A number of memory devices have either 2 standard USB connectors. Devices of the second type are quite convenient - you can connect several gadgets to one outlet for charging at once. Such devices are great for travel and travel. This will reduce the number of things in the luggage, and also you will not have to look for several sockets in the hotel.
Cable included
Depending on the memory model, the cable can be:
removable;
fixed;
absent.
The weakest link in the charger is the cable. If it is non-removable, then if it breaks, it is almost impossible to restore the device to working capacity. If it is removable, then the adapter itself, which is connected to the network, can be used further, simply by purchasing a wire.
When choosing a charger, it is better to give preference to trusted brands. For questionable devices, the cable can reduce charging efficiency by up to 75%. And this is not only a waste of electricity, but also of your time. In addition, such cables can break, come off the connector, which ultimately remains in the device. This leads to a short circuit and failure of the device.
fast charging
Some models of memory have fast charging. She may be:
Quick Charge 2.0
Quick Charge 3.0
Pump Express+ 2.0.
According to the developers of Quick Charge technology, battery charging can be accelerated up to 75%. In the first few minutes, smartphones that are compatible with Quick Charge are charged for several hours of operation. This is really convenient in the modern rhythm of life - you ran into a cafe, plugged your gadget into a power outlet, drank a cup of coffee and left with a phone with a decent battery charge.
The key difference between Quick Charge 3.0 and 2.0 technology is the presence of the INOV function or smart determination of the optimal voltage. Depending on the progress of the battery charge, the required current is gradually reduced. This minimizes wasted energy during recharging.
Using a special adapter with the Pump Express + 2.0 function, you can reach a full charge of the smartphone battery 1.5 times faster than with a regular charger.
price issue
Today, chargers are presented in a wide price range. So spending:
from 65 to 300 rubles you can buy branded memory for devices of various brands (Sony Ericsson, Samsung, LG, Apple or Nokia). They can be without wire, as well as with removable or non-removable wire.
from 300 to 1000 rubles, you can purchase universal memory in a rugged case with two USB connectors. They will become an indispensable companion in travel and in everyday life.
more than 1000 rubles you will receive reliable and practical chargers from leading brands. A number of models have the Quick Charge 2.0 or Quick Charge 3.0 fast charge function, in which the charge power is increased by voltage, not current. Which is absolutely safe for the gadget, because. it does not overheat.
With the advent of a huge number of mobile devices with dependence on the power grid, people, at first glance, are done. To work with a computer, for example, you no longer need an outlet labeled “220”. Batteries made it possible to move freely, but still far from complete. The need to charge the batteries of any mobile device sometimes becomes an obstacle to the goal, but always an inconvenience. The electrification of the entire country, Vladimir Ilyich's only dream come true, makes it possible to make this inconvenience minimal and almost imperceptible, but this circumstance makes us literally become attached to chargers and power supplies. These must-have accessories are in the arsenal of every owner of a smartphone, mobile phone, laptop, player, and when the question arises of purchasing, there is confusion in terms and, as a result, the purchase of an unnecessary or inappropriate one.
Definition
Charger- a device for charging the battery with electricity from an external source, mainly from the mains.
Power Supply- a secondary source of direct current electrical energy, which converts the mains voltage into the required by the device.
Comparison
Both are used to keep our mobile devices alive, both are connected to the mains. The main difference is in the purpose. The charger is designed exclusively to power the batteries, the power supply unit is designed to operate the device. Some camera models, for example, require the batteries to be removed and placed in the charger as needed. Naturally, the camera is dead weight. The laptop power supply makes it possible to work with the latter even without batteries.
Laptop Charger
Both the power supply for mobile devices and the memory are external devices, although the concept of a power supply is much broader: it can be built into the system, like, for example, a power supply unit in a desktop computer case. However, in the context of comparison, we still consider autonomous options. Due to the technical complexity, the power supply is larger and heavier: it usually includes a stabilizer and a current and voltage converter. Modern power supplies for electronics are pulsed: the input voltage is rectified and converted into pulses, the output voltage is maintained at a constant level.
Power supplies, otherwise known as power adapters, protect the device connected to them from power surges. Modern chargers are equipped with a microprocessor that allows you to regulate the charging process, which extends the life of the batteries themselves. Chargers, as a rule, are interchangeable, and their use is limited by the purpose and the ability to connect powered batteries (one charger for finger-type batteries, another for lithium batteries). Power supplies, on the other hand, require, if not a single standard, then identity in terms of output power and input supply voltage. And, of course, uniformity in plugs: today each manufacturer creates its own model, and universal power supplies do not keep up with fantasy. The issue of standardization in this regard is long overdue.
Findings site
- The power supply is a source of a given voltage, the charger is a current source.
- The power supply ensures the operation of the device when connected to the network, the charger only charges the batteries.
- The power supply is larger and heavier than the charger.
- Power supplies protect against power surges in the network.
- The charger can regulate the charging process of the batteries.
Almost every person today constantly uses such a device as a power adapter. But what is it and why is it needed? Article describes We will consider the purpose of these devices, their characteristics and types.
Power adapter and its purpose
Let's try to define this device. An adapter, or power supply, is an electronic device designed to generate an output voltage of a given value and power. Household adapters convert networks into a constant, necessary for various types of equipment. In the CIS countries, the power grid standard is adopted: 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz, but in other countries these parameters may be different. Accordingly, the power adapter released for such a country will differ in operating input voltage. What are these blocks for? Almost all electronic equipment has an operating voltage in the range of 3-36 volts (sometimes there may be exceptions). After all, the operating range of most semiconductor components is set exclusively at low voltage. This is due to the fact that such elements are small, they emit a small amount of heat during operation and have an insignificant energy consumption.
A power adapter is needed to provide such equipment with operating voltage. It is much more economical to manufacture a power supply for equipment than to develop a device that is powered directly from a 220 V network. For such devices, powerful radiators with large overall dimensions will be needed. As a result, the size and price of such products will increase significantly.
Adapter classification
First of all, power supplies can be divided into two main groups: external and built-in. From the name it is easy to understand that the latter are in a single housing with the main device. A good example of such an adapter is the power supply of a personal computer, in which the said device, although it is separated into a separate unit, is located in a common housing. The external power supply is a constructive independent unit. For example, a charger for a mobile phone, laptop, etc. Another of the characteristics by which adapters are distinguished is the manufacturing technology. From this point of view, there are transformer and electronic ones. The first are characterized by large size and weight, simplicity, reliability, low cost and easy repair. Pulse devices, on the contrary, have small overall parameters and low weight, but at the same time they are durable and stable in operation.
Types of power supplies
There are many private solutions for the execution of power supplies. They will differ in the output output, etc. A power adapter (universal) is also available, which is capable of delivering several different voltages. Such devices can power various equipment. Universal blocks have a mechanism for switching the rated output voltage on the case, and can also have interchangeable plugs of various types. Recently, USB power adapter has become very popular. You can connect a variety of devices to this unit that can be charged via a USB cable.
Conclusion
Thanks to a high-quality adapter, the equipment receives the required supply voltage, and the stability and duration of its operation depend on this.
