There are situations when the smartphone is almost turned off, and there is no charger nearby or there is no electricity. Then certain knowledge will help to solve such a problem: a new device - wireless induction charging, you can make it yourself. DIY wireless charging is not only a great option for solving many problems in terms of restoring a mobile phone, but also a great opportunity to experiment a little.
Work process
The term "wireless charging" refers to the process of induction. The meaning of the wireless charging circuit is quite simple. The role of this device will be played by the transmitter, and the the device consists of two circuits - a transmitter and a receiver.
The receiver (standard coil) is located in the smartphone, the transmitter is created in the form of a small and beautiful stand, inside of which the transmitting coil is laid.
Electricity passes from one circuit to another by induction, which occurs in the second circuit, the current is first rectified and transferred to the battery. In the form of a rectifier, you can take a weak diode.
Phones for wireless charging
In the last paragraph, the mechanism of manual charging for the phone was disassembled. After reading this paragraph, you can understand that according to the Qi standard, a wireless device will work if a receiver-receiver is included in the phone. Such a receiver can receive energy from a certain magnetic field that is formed in the coil. Which smartphones support this device? Almost all new smartphones and tablets are made with this technology in mind. Firms that support this feature: Yota, Sony, Nokia, Samsung and so on.
Reasons for making
How to make a portable smartphone charger? This question does not bother anyone, but only until the moment when they encounter difficulties that may await everyone. So, what might require the creation of such a device? Main reasons:
- Breakdown of the phone battery - before buying a new one.
- The possibility of recharging a mobile phone where there is no network and electricity.
- Making a spare battery for a smartphone.
Creating a homemade charge
The input for connecting the wire does not work on an old or new smartphone? Now it's not a problem! After all, you can make wireless charging for your phone with your own hands. Detailed job description:
Done: if a smartphone with a receiver under the cover is placed inside the transmitting ring with the screen up, the battery will quickly receive energy. This is how easy it is to create and turn on a do-it-yourself wireless charger.
Connecting and charging a smartphone
How to use wireless charging? Very easy. You need to connect the device to a power source, then put it on a smooth surface, and put the smartphone on top. You need to put it in such a way that the battery enters the range, that is, the middle of the back. That's how easy it is to use a charger for your phone with your own hands.
Important information! Laptops and camcorders, cameras and tablets - all these gadgets will require constant power. It is quite difficult to store in an apartment or carry a huge set of several thick wires with you.
To get rid of this problem, many years ago, a couple of popular mobile phone manufacturers in the world agreed to implement a single standard in the use of chargers.
New and old devices that support this great feature are marked with the Qi sign. It is planned to supply restaurants, libraries and other important places with this special equipment. Many companies create furniture samples, in the working panel of which this charge can be added. It will only be necessary to put the smartphone on a special area (at night or during the day), as the energy begins to flow.
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Imagine: you are holding a cell phone in your hands and talking with a friend, and at that moment your phone is charging, and most importantly, the charger wires do not stick out of it. I propose two ways to implement this idea, or rather one way - the method of current induction without wires, and there are two design options for such a wireless charger.
The first option is the simplest, made exclusively according to a transistor circuit, the frequency is set using a multivibrator, then the signal is amplified by transistor cascades.
Two coils (rings) that do not have a core, thus, by the law of induction, due to free oscillations in the second circuit, we obtain an alternating voltage, which is rectified using a diode bridge, then stabilized using a capacitor, and for final stabilization, you need to set a zener diode to 6 volts. So, as a result, we get a master device (transmitter) that is powered by a voltage of 10-12 volts, the device creates a magnetic field due to the coil, and the receiver in which an electrical voltage is generated. The transmitter and receiver have identical coils, although they can be resized for experimentation.
The second version of the wireless charger circuit is made on the UC3845 chip. The microcircuit plays the role of a master oscillator, and a powerful field-effect transistor amplifies the voltage. The choice of scheme is yours, I can only say that both schemes are good and have been tested more than once. You should not change the ratings of the parts, they are already carefully selected, experiments can only be done on coils, but we offer an option with which you can charge a mobile phone at a distance of half a meter from the transmitting circuit. If you decide to assemble the first option (a transistor circuit), then all transistors (except for multivibrator transistors) must be installed on heat sinks, a heat sink is also needed for a field-effect transistor in the second circuit. The microcircuit does not need a heat sink. The 820 ohm resistor in the second circuit must be selected with a power of 2 watts.
The second circuit (receiver circuit) was used from an old hard drive (disassemble the device and see where it is), the coil is what you need, provides the desired voltage and has a compact size, you can adapt it to the back of a mobile phone, it is advisable to use rectifier diodes in smd execution, to save space, a capacitor with a voltage of 16 volts, a capacity of 220 to 470 microfarads. We connect the power through the appropriate plug to the mobile phone, then turn on the transmitter (the transmitter is powered by a stabilized power supply of 10-12 volts, the current is from 3 amperes), then you just need to put the mobile phone at 10 - 50 cm from the transmitting coil.
Now it's time to move from theory to practical application of this design. We will consider each of these methods separately. Let's start with the transistor circuit. For this circuit, you need to have two power supplies, the first 3.7-5 volts (to power the low-voltage circuit) and 12 volts 4-10 amps to power the transistor stage. Transistors in the multivibrator can be used type kt315 or its domestic and imported counterparts. The remaining transistors of the kt819 type or analogues, they must be installed on the heat sink. The transmitter coil has 20 turns, wound with a wire with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm, the coil diameter is from 5 cm to 1 meter (the diameter is selected based on needs).
The receiver circuit consists of 30 turns of wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 millimeters, its diameter is not more than 10 centimeters. The circuit is capable of charging your mobile phone at a distance of up to half a meter! You can rectify the charging current with a diode bridge or using just one diode, a capacitor with a capacity of 220 - 470 microfarads (it makes no sense anymore).
The second circuit is more complex, but it has greater stability, the circuit is powered by a voltage of 10 - 14 volts, while a constant voltage source of 3 - 10 amperes is needed. Field-effect transistor, it will heat up and a bigger heat sink is needed! An 820 ohm resistor, as already mentioned in the first article, is needed with a power of 2 watts, ceramic capacitors marked 105 have a capacity of 1 microfarad. The number of turns of the coils and the diameter of the wire are the same as in the first circuit, rectification and stabilization of the receiver current also occurs in the same way as in the first design.
During such charging, the distance between the transmitting and receiving coils plays an important role, the closer they are to each other, the greater the voltage in the second circuit, and in order not to burn the phone, the transmitter must be supplemented with a voltage regulator of 6 - 7 volts, such stabilizers can be obtained by disassembling an ordinary mobile phone charger. Such a wireless charger can charge your mobile phone in a very short time, since the current in the second circuit can reach more than one ampere. In this way, you can charge a laptop or other devices that are charged or powered by a low-voltage DC source. Think carefully where you could use such a wonderful device that allows you to transfer voltage without wires! The areas of application of the memory are very large, we leave the choice to you!
The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction for the transmission of energy at a distance was studied by Michael Faraday and Nikola Tesla. In the new experiment, enthusiasts went the same way.
They cut the USB cable into three parts, threw out the middle, and created inductors on the fragments with plugs using aluminum foil and copper wire. In addition, to enhance the magnetic field, a magnet was placed on the charger unit, which is plugged into a power outlet.
Inductive charger charges your smartphone up to 15 m away
In general, the wireless charger works according to the principles of the WPC standard. A part is connected to the outlet, which will be a current source for the smartphone, and a receiver is located in the gadget itself (both are induction coils).
When one coil is connected to the network, a voltage appears in it, and a magnetic field around the transmitter coil. Getting into this field, the smartphone battery connected to the second inductor starts charging. However, conventional chargers assume that the distance between the base and the smartphone is no more than 5-10 cm, and in this experiment it is about 15 m:
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But at home this should not be repeated. Artem Anisimov, specialist of the Re-Mobile service center, notes:
Yes, there are quite a few such craftsmen, and everything looks not so bad on the video. However, I would not recommend such experiments. First, it's not very safe. And where is the guarantee that you will not overdo it, and such a charge will not explode? Secondly, if problems arise, you will not receive any warranty service and will spend more on eliminating the consequences of such experiments. Selling you charging, the manufacturer assumed certain parameters of the device. As soon as you change them in this way, the responsibility is completely shifted to you.
Modern technologies are arranged in such a way that sometimes one minor breakdown can cost a huge amount of repair costs, or restoration will be impossible and you just have to buy a completely new mobile phone. Not such a pleasant trend, is it? And if you look at the general statistics of breakdowns, it turns out that most mobile phone models are first of all subject to breakdown in the area of the charger, completely breaking the connector. And this is a rather unpleasant situation that needs to be urgently addressed.
Fortunately, there is a solution, and it lies in the creation of wireless charging for a mobile phone. But we note right away that for this you need to understand a little about electronics or try to follow our recommendations, which will be given below. And if you succeed, then this problem will never bother you again.
Why is such a development necessary?
Do-it-yourself wireless charging is not only a great way to solve many problems in terms of restoring the working capacity of a mobile device, but also a great opportunity to just experiment. If you understand and catch what the peculiarity of this invention is, you will surely be able to feel like an inventor and possibly solve many problems of breakdowns in the future. But let's not get hung up on this moment and just figure out how to make wireless charging for your phone.
Required material
Do-it-yourself charging for a phone requires not only increased attention on the part of a person, but also a comprehensive and careful implementation of all the necessary actions that will allow you to achieve the planned result. At the same time, it should be understood that without a certain electronics design scheme, it will not be possible to achieve the desired result. In this case, you will also need additional material, which includes:
- Power Supply. A link capable of generating and converting energy from a standard power source.
- Transistor IRL3705.
- 100 ohm resistor.
- Diode SS14.
- Copper wire 0.3 and 0.5 mm. This component is a connecting element that will allow you to use your new invention.
We note right away that the listed set is the minimum basic one, therefore, additional needs for tools or material may arise during the design process, but this already depends on the specifics of the process itself.
Creating a Wireless Charging Design
Once you have collected all the necessary material for the invention, you can start assembling. First, carefully study the diagram, which will serve as the basis for creating the assembly:
It shows that the new design uses the induction method of energy transfer. With the help of a special copper wire, energy is transmitted in a non-contact way using special transmitters, from which we will actually begin assembling the invention.
In principle, if you have read the diagram and have already understood what is going on, then you can start making a transmitter. In fact, the design itself is not so complicated, you alternately attach the material and use the wire to create the first transmitter to supply energy. To do this, take a wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm and begin to wind it in the form of a frame. It is desirable to create 40 turns, the process should occur from the middle. We recommend that you first make 20 turns and create a branch, and then make another 20 additional turns and create a branch again. In principle, if you look at the picture, then there is nothing complicated about it.
Next, we connect the transistor to our transmitter. You can use absolutely any model for this, the main thing is that the base value of this element is in the region from 22 to 830 ohms. And in order to show clearly how exactly it is worth assembling all these devices, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the figure, it clearly demonstrates exactly how the design should look like.
Visual representation of the basis of the design It should be understood that the main power source of the entire structure is the power supply, so you should first create the structure itself, and when everything is ready to connect it to the power supply, provided that it is turned off. And as soon as everything is connected and ready, you can safely experiment.
The last step in creating the design will be the creation of a receiver on your mobile phone. In this case, you also need to create a round set of turns, and then fasten the structure to the mobile phone battery. The turns themselves should be created using copper wire 0.3-0.4 mm and fixed better with super glue so that they do not unwind and can be assembled for a long time.
After creating the base, you need to connect the tap to the phone's battery using the SS14 diode. And so that you do not get confused and understand exactly how to do this, we suggest paying attention to the figure.
Be sure to create a coil of wire for the phone and connect to the battery That's actually all you need to know about this invention. The method of induction is probably clear to you, and we think it is not necessary to explain exactly how to use contactless energy generation. Note that the initial power of such charging is not high and it will take from 6 to 10 hours of waiting for the phone to be fully charged. But if you want to increase the charging speed and power, you will need a more powerful power supply and thicker copper wire in case of creating a transmitter.
Now you have a personal guide on exactly how to create a wireless charger to charge your phone. Perhaps after the first reading you may have some misunderstandings, but in the process of practical testing you yourself will be able to figure out exactly how to design this device. In the field, of course, it will be difficult to organize such a method, since in any case you need a constant power source, but it’s quite possible to free your place from unnecessary wires. Therefore, you can safely use and gain experience in designing.
This design can be used for wireless charging of cell phones and other mobile devices or where you need to run an electrical cable, but due to some factors, this is almost impossible. Such a system allows you to receive a current of up to 100 milliamps at the output of the second coil, however, an increase in the output current is possible if more powerful field-effect transistors are used in the circuit, a domestic bipolar transistor is used in the video.
The homemade wireless charging circuit is as simple as possible, it consists of one transistor, a resistor and the coils themselves. There are two coils - transmitting and receiving. However, despite its simplicity, it almost completely repeats the circuitry of commercially available industrial inductive chargers.
It is powered by a mobile phone charger with an output voltage of 6 volts and a current of 400 milliamps. The transistor heats up when turned on for a long time, so it is advisable to use a heat sink. The circuit of the transmitting part of the set itself is the simplest blocking generator. This allows you to transmit current over a distance of up to 5 cm, with an output current of the order of 0.1A.
For<<умощнения>> circuits need to increase the power of the generator, for example, increase the power or use field-effect transistors of the IRL3705 series or similar. The transmission circuit in both cases contains 24 turns with a tap from the middle, a wire with a diameter of 0.5 - 1 mm. The base resistor is 100 ohms with a power of 1 watt for a field effect transistor and 0.5 watts for a bipolar one.
The receiving coil is wound based on the requirements, it must be wound by experimenting with turns. You should also select the diameter of the wire of the second circuit, depending on the desired current value. To charge a mobile phone, the second circuit must contain 20 turns of wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm, but at the output the circuit must be supplemented with a 6-volt zener diode, a rectifier diode and a filtering capacitor.
In general, in the circuit it is permissible to use literally any bipolar transistors of direct or reverse conductivity that are suitable in terms of power and current. If a direct conduction transistor is used, then you need to change the polarity of the power supply. The basis of the design can be plastic boxes from CDs. The author of the article is AKA.
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