1024 kb how many bits. 2 terabytes per DVD size

Do you know how much memory your computer has to store information? You are always confused about what KB (kilobyte), MB (megabyte), GB (gigabyte)?

In this article, we will try to find out what is kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, and which of them is more KB or MB or GB?

The concept of a bit

Bit(English) bit) is defined as a variable that can only have two values, 1 or 0. A bit is a bit of a binary code. It is the various combinations of 1 and 0 that underlie the storage of information and the assignment of various commands in computer technology.

Byte

A block of digital information in computing is called byte(English) byte). This is an ordered set of bits. Historically, a byte is the number of bits used to encode one text character in a computer. Byte size is typically hardware dependent, but it is now generally accepted that one byte is equal to 8 bits, and is always a multiple of 2. The number of bits for storing information is always a multiple of 2. A byte is also called " octet"(lat. octet). Thus, a byte is the smallest unit of data that can be processed by any type of computer.

Who is more KB or MB?

We figured out what bits and bytes are in the computer world. The next term we need to know is kilobyte (KB). In binary terms Kilobyte is 1024 bytes and is represented as 2 to the tenth power. In decimal terms, a kilobyte is often equated to 1000 bytes. This is where the confusion in the designation of memory sizes begins. Decimal kilobytes are always smaller than binary kilobytes, which in turn are more accurate.

As in the case of Kilobytes, Megabytes also has two meanings. When the calculation is done in binary, then Megabyte equals 1048576 bytes or 2 to the 20th power. The decimal system uses the concept of Megabyte equal to 1000000 bytes. In the decimal system, Mb is often mistaken for megabit.

Users often ask what is more KB or MB? Even more confusion is introduced by the manufacturers of computer equipment themselves, who use the concepts of kilobytes or megabytes in the description of the parameters of their products, both in decimal and in binary format. For example, hard drive manufacturers often list the volume in decimal on the label. Therefore, a hard drive with the specified capacity of 160 GB actually has 163,840 megabytes of memory.

Below is a correspondence table in binary system

1 bit = 1 or 0
1 nibble = 4 bits
1 byte = 8 bits
1 KB (one kilobyte) = 1024 bytes
1 MB (one megabyte) = 1024 KB = 1048576 bytes

Now let's understand the terms kilobit and megabit and where they are used. These terms are used to refer to the data transfer rate of a local area network or the Internet. The answer to the question of what is more in the mathematical sense is presented in the following table.

1 kbps = 1000 bps
1 Mbps = 1000000 bps

From the article it becomes clear that MB is always greater than KB, regardless of whether you use binary or decimal notation.

There is also a difference in the spelling of these concepts. There is no short name for the beat. Therefore, to denote 1000000 bits, the term is used Gbit, and for 1000000 bytes the abbreviation is applied 1 GB.

The following abbreviations are used to denote data transfer rates: 1 kilobit = kbps, and 1 kilobyte = Kbps or kbps.

Analyzing the requests of visitors to our site, I see regular visits for queries like “500 MB is how much?”, “Is 1 GB of the Internet a lot or a little?” or “how much Internet traffic do you need for a smartphone per month”? Understanding what users want to find out - which Internet package they need to connect for their phone, tablet or USB modem for a computer, for example, in the country, I will try to give them general recommendations.

First of all, in 1 MB (megabyte) - 1024 KB (kilobyte), and in 1 GB (gigabyte) - 1024 MB. Accordingly, an Internet package of 500 MB is conditionally 0.5 GB, but to be exact, a little less.

What now "weighs" how much?

1 site page. This concept is flexible. If you go to a simple text page (for example, the main page of the Mobile Networks website), then it will “eat” you only about 60 KB of traffic. If the page contains photos and other graphic elements, then everything depends on their number. If we average it, then the page of the article with illustrations "weighs" usually 200-400 Kb. If you opened, for example, a large review of a smartphone, then we can already talk about several megabytes! In total, just reading the news, you will spend about 200 KB per page load. Mobile versions of sites may consume less, but to be honest, I don't like them.

1 music video. It all depends on the size of the audio clip (let's talk about the mp3 format) - its length, and quality (bitrate). Again, if you average, then count on 3-5 MB per listening or download.

1 movie. The size of a full-fledged 1.5-hour movie is very different from its quality (RIP, DVD, etc.) and compression ratio. If the traffic is limited or there are problems with speed, it is better to look for 700 MB movies as a DVDRIP or other RIP. There are still quite a few films of this size, and most of them are quite decent quality. For viewing on a laptop or tablet computer, that's it. A lot more movies come in 1.4 GB. Many of them visually differ little or not at all from their 700-MB counterparts, it all depends on the conscientiousness of their conversion and compression. If you have a lot of Internet, 3G or 4G (LTE) speed allows, you are critical of quality, want to enjoy multi-channel sound and have a huge high-resolution screen, then you can download DVD-quality movies that already “weigh” 5- 10-15 GB and more.

Streaming video. If you are going to watch online movies (and the speed allows you), for example, from ivi.ru, then keep in mind that even though they have the maximum compression ratio there (some services allow you to change it - quality settings), you still watch the movie will reduce your traffic by an average of 700 megabytes. With online TV - the same. A video session via Skype is similar, although much depends on the resolution of the webcam. But a few megabytes per minute may well go away.

IP telephony. Traffic for a conversation over IP (similarly for Skype) will go at about 128 kb / minute. Maybe more. But "for 5 MB" you can communicate quite well. This is for audio only, not video.

All sorts of little things. Checking mail, ICQ, Skype correspondence, social networks (Odnoklassniki, VKontakte, Facebook, Twitter). You don’t need a lot of Internet here, unless, of course, “heavy” attachments are regularly sent to you by mail and you are not a very active social network user who presses the F5 key every minute. By the way, the pages of social networks "weigh" in the same way as others on average sites, but at the same time they regularly "self-update", monitoring new messages, which is your traffic.

Reminder for users of USB modems with limited traffic

If you have purchased a relatively small Internet package to use it in a stationary computer or laptop, using a mobile operator for the Internet, and a “whistle” as a modem, keep in mind that you will save a lot of traffic (so that later you don’t have to pay for all sorts of “turbo- button") can be disabled by disabling a wide variety of system updates for your programs, applications or operating system. And if I won’t advise you to disable antivirus updates, then at least temporarily it’s quite possible to refuse very voracious Windows updates. And they, at times, “eat up” your traffic many times more than you yourself, which may be an unpleasant surprise for you after just a few days.

How much internet do you need for a smartphone?

The smartphone lives its "smartphone life", regularly visiting the Internet for updates in the background, checking your mail, synchronizing, etc. It does not matter on which platform it works - Android, Windows Phone, iOs (iPhone), or even the ancient OS Symbian or Bada. Therefore, it is quite normal to spend 50 MB per day on his affairs. And this is 1.5 GB. per month! Of course, they can be reduced to 1 GB or less by turning off updates to various programs or turning off the Internet itself for long periods of time, but then the question arises - why do you need a smartphone? As a result, know that if the operator happily informs you about an Internet package of 500 MB (about 0.5 GB) as part of the tariff, with the full use of the device (along with browsing, WhatsApp, social networks, correspondence in instant messengers, etc.) you this may not be enough even for half a month. Package 1 GB - with a stretch. Optimal - about 1.5 GB, and even better "BIT" or "Super BIT" (the names of unlimited options for MTS, for other operators they may differ). Although the latter are considered unlimited options, they have a certain daily traffic quota without speed limits, after which it drops significantly. But, in general, enough for a smartphone. At the same time, "Super BIT" differs from "BIT" in that it works not only in the "home region", but throughout Russia. Otherwise, outside the "home region" you will find roaming with the appropriate rates.

I think you already know about bits and bytes, and about kilobytes with megabits too ... but do you know everything about them? Let's check, please answer my question:

How do you think, how many bytes are in one kilobyte? Maybe 1024? Or is it still 1000?

The correct answer is in this IT tutorial.

Now let's remember (or learn) about the main units of data measurement.

Bit (bit) is the basic unit of measurement of information; it can contain only one binary digit. A bit can only take two values: "0" or "1".

Byte (byte) is also a unit of the amount of information, one byte is equal to eight bits (1 Byte = 8 bits).

These are quite small amounts of data (comparable to measuring weight in “grams”), so…

Prefixes K, M, G, T (“kilo-”, “kibi-”, etc.)

... to measure large amounts of data, multiple prefixes are used (it's like " kilo gram"). The usual prefix " kilo-" means multiplying by 1000 (10 3), but in the binary system they use two to the tenth power (2 10).

Copying prohibited

Everything listed in this lesson in an abbreviated form, I entered in.

And we will know how data transfer speed is measured and how cunning providers are when they advertise their "huge" Internet connection speeds.

In order not to miss a new lesson, subscribe to the news at this link (and confirm your subscription in the email you receive).

In today's article, we will deal with the measurement of information. All pictures, sounds and video clips that we see on monitor screens are nothing more than numbers. And these numbers can be measured, and, now, you will learn how to convert megabits to megabytes and megabytes to gigabytes.

If it is important for you to know how many mb in 1 GB or how many KB in 1 mb, then this article is for you. Most often, such data is needed by programmers who evaluate the volume occupied by their programs, but sometimes it does not interfere with ordinary users to estimate the size of downloaded or stored data.

In short, it is enough to know this:

1 byte = 8 bits

1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes

1 megabyte = 1024 kilobytes

1 gigabyte = 1024 megabytes

1 terabyte = 1024 gigabytes

Common abbreviations: kilobyte=kb, megabyte=mb, gigabyte=gb.

Recently I received a question from my reader: "What is more kb or mb?". Hopefully now everyone knows the answer.

Information units in detail

In the information world, the decimal system of measurement, which is familiar to us, is not used, but binary. This means that one digit can take on a value not from 0 to 9, but from 0 to 1.

The simplest unit of information is 1 bit, it can be 0 or 1. But this value is very small for the modern amount of data, so bits are rarely used. Bytes are more commonly used, 1 byte is equal to 8 bits and can take a value from 0 to 15 (hexadecimal). True, instead of numbers 10-15, letters from A to F are used.

But even these volumes of data are small, therefore, the prefixes familiar to everyone are used: kilo- (thousand), mega- (million), giga- (billion).

It is worth noting that in the information world, a kilobyte is not equal to 1000 bytes, but 1024. And if you want to know how many kilobytes are in a megabyte, then you will also get the number 1024. When asked how many megabytes are in a gigabyte, you will hear the same answer - 1024.

This is also determined by the feature of the binary system of calculus. If, when using tens, we get each new digit by multiplying by 10 (1, 10, 100, 1000, etc.), then in the binary system a new digit appears after multiplying by 2.

It looks like this:

2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024

A number consisting of 10 binary digits can have as few as 1024 values. This is more than 1000, but closest to the usual prefix kilo-. Mega- and giga and tera-are applied in a similar way.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site! In the context of the rapid development of information technology, it would not be bad to gain knowledge on some fundamental aspects, at least the main ones. This can be of great help in the future.

On the Internet, which we use thanks to computers, all information is stored or transmitted in an encoded digital format, and therefore there must be ways to measure the amount of this data, because the systematic work with them depends on it. These units are bits and bytes.

By analogy with the physical units of measurement known to us, which, with their large value, receive magnifying prefixes for ease of calculation (1000 meters = 1 kilometer, 1000 grams = 1 kilogram), the byte information unit also has its derivatives (kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, etc.). d.). However, in the case of a bit and a byte, there are nuances, which I will tell in more detail.

What are the units of information bit (bit) and byte (byte)

To make it clearer, you will have to state everything in more detail and start, so to speak, from the beginning. However, I will try to convey information without abstruse mathematical formulas and terms. The fact is that there are several positional number systems. I won't list them because it's not necessary.

Binary and decimal number systems

The most famous of them, which we all encounter on a daily basis, is the decimal system. In it, any number consists of digits (from 0 to 9), each of which is a digit, occupying a position strictly corresponding to it. Moreover, the bit depth increases from right to left (units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.).

Take for example the number 249, which can be represented as the sum of the products of digits by 10 to the power corresponding to this category:

249 = 2x10 2 + 4x10 1 + 9x10 0 = 200 + 40 + 9

Thus, the zero digit is units (10 0), the first is tens (10 1), the second is hundreds (10 2), etc. In a computer, as in other electronic devices, all information is distributed into files () and encoded accordingly in digital format, and due to ease of use, a binary number system is used, which I will dwell on separately.

In the binary system, numbers are represented using only two digits: 0 and 1. Let's try to write down the number 249 we have already considered in the binary system in order to understand its essence. To do this, we divide it by 2, getting a quotient with a remainder of 1. This one will be the least significant digit, which will be, as in the case of the decimal system, the far right.

Next, we continue the division operation and each time we also divide the integers by 2, while obtaining a remainder of 0 or 1. We write them sequentially from right to left, resulting in 249 in the binary system. The division operation should be carried out until the result is zero:

249/2 = 124 (remainder 1) 124/2 = 62 (remainder 0) 62/2 = 31 (remainder 0) 31/2 = 15 (remainder 1) 15/2 = 7 (remainder 1) 7/2 = 3 (remainder 1) 3/2 = 1 (remainder 1) 1/2 = 0 (remainder 1)

Now we write the numbers in the remainder sequentially from right to left and get our experimental number in binary:

11111001

So that there are no dark spots left, we will carry out the reverse action and try to convert the same number from binary to decimal system, at the same time checking the correctness of the above actions. To do this, we multiply, again, in order from left to right, zero or one by 2 to the degree corresponding to the category (by analogy with the decimal system):

1x2 7 + 1x2 6 + 1x2 5 + 1x2 4 + 1x2 3 + 0x2 2 + 0x2 1 + 1x2 0 = 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 249

As you can see, everything worked out, and we were able to convert the number written in the binary system to its notation in the decimal number system.

How many bits in a byte when using the binary system in computer science

It was not in vain that I provided a brief mathematical digression just above, since it is the binary system that serves as the basis for the measurement used in electronic devices. The basic unit of the amount of information, equal to a bit in the binary system, is just a bit.

This term comes from the English phrase b inarydig it (bit), which means a binary number. Thus, a bit can take only two possible values: 0 or 1. In computer science, this means two completely equal results in terms of probability (“yes” or “no”) and does not allow for another interpretation.

This is very important from the point of view of the correct operation of the system. Go ahead. The number of bits a computer can process at one time called a byte. 1 byte is equal to 8 bits and, accordingly, can take one of 2 8 (256) values, that is, from 0 to 255:

So, we now know for certain what a byte is, and what role it plays as a unit of measure in the processing of information stored and processed digitally. By the way, in the international format, a byte can be denoted in two ways - byte or B.

You can convert numbers in decimal to binary using a calculator. If you have Windows 7, then you can call this tool like this: Start - All Programs - Accessories - Calculator. From the "View" menu choose Format "Programmer" and enter the desired number (in my example it is 120):

Now turn on the radio buttons "Bin" and "1 byte", after which you get a record of this number in the binary system:

What should you pay attention to here? Firstly, there are only seven digits in the display line (bits with values ​​zero or one), although we already know that there should be eight if the byte value is from 0 to 255:

Everything is simple here. If the most significant digit (bit), located on the far left, takes on the value 0, then it is simply not recorded. Two or more zero bits are also omitted (by analogy with decimal numbers - after all, we do not prescribe 0 thousand for hundreds, for example).

The proof can be the full record of the received number, which is displayed in small print just below:

0111 1000

If you are careful, you will see what is the second. This is a way of writing in two parts, each of which consists of four bits. In computer science, there is another concept nibble or nibble(nibble). This is convenient because the nibble can be represented as a digit in the hexadecimal system, which is widely used in programming.

It takes more than 1 byte to process data - what then?

Above, we talked about the fact that a byte contains eight bits. This allows you to express 256 (two to the eighth) different values. However, in practice, this is generally far from sufficient, and in many cases it is necessary to use not one, but several bytes. As an example, let's use the Windows calculator again and convert the number 1000 to binary:

As you can see, for this we had to pinch off a couple of bits from the second byte. In practice, in computers to process enough voluminous information uses such a concept as a machine word, which can contain 16, 32, 64 bits.

With their help, you can express respectively 2 16 , 2 32 and 2 64 different values. But in this case, you cannot talk about 2, 4 or 8 bytes, these are slightly different things. This is where the legs grow from mentioning, for example, 32-, 64-bit (-bit) processors or other devices.

How many bytes are in a kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte

Well, now is the time to move on to the derivatives of the byte and imagine what increment prefixes are used here. After all, a byte as a unit is a very small value, and for convenience it is very useful to use analogues that would denote 1000 B, 1,000,000 B, etc. Here, too, there are nuances, which we will discuss below.

Strictly speaking, to represent quantities, it is correct to use prefixes for the binary number system, which are multiples of 2 10 (1024). These are kibibyte, mebibyte, gebibyte, etc.

1 kibibyte = 2 10 (1024) bytes 1 mebibyte = 2 10 (1024) kibibytes = 2 20 (1 048 576) bytes 1 gebibyte = 2 10 (1024) mebibytes = 2 20 (1 048 576) kibibytes = 2 30 (1 073 741 824) byte 1 tebibyte = 2 10 (1024) gebibyte = 2 20 (1 048 576) mebibyte = 2 30 (1 073 741 824) kibibyte = 2 40 (1 099 511 627 776) bytes

But these phrases did not take root in wide use. Perhaps one of the reasons was their dissonance. Therefore, users (and not only) everywhere use decimal prefixes instead of binary ones (kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes), which is not entirely correct, since in essence (in accordance with the rules of the decimal number system) this means the following:

1 kilobyte = 10 3 (1000) bytes 1 megabyte = 10 3 (1000) kilobytes = 10 6 (1 000 000) bytes 1 gigabyte = 10 3 (1000) megabytes = 10 6 (1 000 000) kilobytes = 10 9 (1 000 000 000) bytes 1 terabyte = 10 3 (1000) gigabytes = 10 6 (1 000 000) megabytes = 10 9 (1 000 000 000) kilobytes = 10 12 (1 000 000 000 000) bytes

But once that's the case, there's nothing you can do. It is only important to remember that in practice kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), terabytes (TB) are often used precisely as derivatives of a byte as a unit of measurement for the amount of information in the binary system. And in this case, for example, the term "kilobyte" is used, meaning exactly 1024 bytes and nothing else.

However, very often manufacturers of storage devices (including hard drives, flash drives, DVDs and CDs) use decimal prefixes for their intended purpose (1 KB = 1000 bytes) when specifying the volume for storing information, while the same Windows, for example , calculates their size in binary.

This is where some discrepancy comes from, which can confuse a simple user. Let's say the documentation says disk capacity 500 GB, while Windows is showing it volume equal to 466.65 GB.

In fact, there is no discrepancy, just the size of the drive is present in different number systems (the same stump, only on the side). For inexperienced users, this is extremely inconvenient, but, as I said, you have to put up with it.

Summarizing, I note the following. Let's say you are asked the question: how many bytes are in a kilobyte? Theoretically, the correct answer is: 1 kilobyte is equal to 1000 bytes. Just keep in mind that in practice, for the most part, decimal prefixes are used as binary ones, which are a multiple of 1024, although sometimes they are used for their intended purpose and are a multiple of exactly 1000.

Here is the arithmetic, I hope you are not confused. In the publication, I mentioned kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes and terabytes, but what next? What even larger units of quantity of information are possible? This question will be answered by a table that shows not only the ratio of units in both systems, but also their designations in international and Russian formats:

If you want to quickly determine, for example, how many megabytes are in a gigabyte (although an experienced user, of course, can easily do without a table in this case), then look in the table for the cell corresponding to the number of bytes in megabytes and gigabytes, and then divide the larger value by the smaller one.

10 9 /10 6 = 1 000 000 000/1 000 000 = 1000

It turns out that there are 1000 megabytes in 1 gigabyte. Similarly, you can convert derivatives in the binary system - mebibytes to kibibytes, tebibytes to gibibytes, etc.

Convert bytes to bits, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes in an online converter

The publication would be incomplete if I did not provide a tool with which you can translate byte into various derivatives. There are many different converters on the network, through which you can perform these simple operations. Here is one of them that I liked.

This converter is convenient because by entering the number of byte, you can immediately get the result in all possible dimensions (including converting bits to bytes):

From this example it follows that 3072 bytes is equal to 24576 bits, 3.0720 kilobytes or 3 kibibytes. In addition, just below are links to mini-calculators, where you can quickly make a specific conversion from one system of units to another.